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Foundations of Cataloging a Sourcebook

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Foundations of Cataloging a Sourcebook Foundations of Cataloging A Sourcebook Edited by Michael Carpenter and Elaine Svenonius 1985 Libraries Unlimited, Inc. • Littleton, Colorado xii- Preface 6. What criteria have been used for making fonn of name decisions in the past? Are they still relevant today? 7. What bibliographic relationships need to be built into a catalog to make it more than just a fmding list? Has thinking on this matter changed over the last 150 years? Criteria for Selection Rules for the Compilation An attempt was made to include in this sourcebook readings that provide intellectual depth and matter for thought. Most of the selected readings are well of the Catalogue known; a few, however, are little read but included as gems that deserve to be known. Panizzi's letter to Lord Ellesmere, for example, reflects in miniature the British Museum whole of the Anglo-American cataloging experience. Inevitably, the selections have an Anglo-American bias; particularly notable by their absence are representatives of the Indian and German schools. Some restriction was necessary to keep the volume to a manageable size, and, since it was felt that the literature written in English and about the Anglo-American tradition would be of most immediate Editor's Introduction interest, it is this writing that is represented. The vo lume includes relatively few recent contributions. This is a consequence of the fact that much recent writing Why should rules for a dead catalog be of interest today? is devo ted to the engineering of online catalogs and to the mechanics of interface, Because the history of cataloging shows that controversies rather than to the more philosophical issues of the purposes of the catalog and the recur, although why these controversies should be perennial means to achieve these. is not clear. The ninety-one rules , as they are often called, were Organization formulated for the compilation of the p rinted catalog of the printed books in the British Museum, the first and only vol­ Because many of the selections in the volume treat of more than one of the ume of which appeared in 1841. The rules are set in the con­ themes that characterize the literature on cataloging foundations, it was not text of a catalog in which main entry stands for the one possible to make an intellectual grouping of the selections. Instead the selections principal entry for a book. References are made to this prin· are arranged in chronological order. The aim of the introductions to each selection, cipal entry, and the rules explain the different classes of the lists of further readings following them, and the index is to bring together references. related issues and ideas. Although many writers have claimed that these ninety­ one rules are a revolutionary achievement, examinati on of MC the historical record reveals that they are a natural outgrowth ES of trends in cataloging theory known to their writer, Panizzi. This fact should not detract from thei r importance; all modern codes descend from them. The ninety-one rules appear to represent publications 0.f corporate bodies as a certain class of anonymous publica­ tions. This equivocation about the rationale for corporate entry has permeated discussions about cataloging to the present day. In these rules, corporate entry can be used as a default (rule 34) o r as a means of o rganizing publications of certain classes (rule 80). The provisions of rule 80, calling for entry of the publications of learned societies under the 1 2- Rules for the Compilation of the Catalogue heading "Academies," is an example of the use of biblio­ graphical form in the determination of main entry; other examples are found in rules 81 and 82, and possibly 79. Rule 79 calls for the bringing together of the various parts of the Bible, and may represent the ancestor of modern uniform title headings. Panizzi's rules continue practices found as fa r back Rules for the Compilation of the Catalogue as the catalogs for libraries in medieval monasteries. In their turn, Panizzi's rules and the catalogs based on them are refl ec­ ted in practices still found in AACR2. Among t hese practices I. Titles to be written on slips, uniform in size. are the punctuation of headings, the use of qualifying phrases The entries of works in the collection of George the Third presented by after the names of certain classes of titled persons, the provi­ George the Fourth to the Nation to be distinguished by a crown. sion of book sizes (albeit in a form no longer readily under­ stood). and, more important ly , the very depth of the descrip­ II. Titles to be arranged alphabetically, according to the English alpha- tion of a bibliographical object. How did these practices bet only (whatever be the order of the alphabet in which a foreign name might develop into conventions? Was it through the force of custom, have to be entered in its original language) under the surname of the author when­ or do the rules reflect something intrinsic abo ut biblio­ ever it appears printed in the title, or in any other part of the book. If th~ name graphical objects? be supplied in MS. the work must nevertheless be considered anonymous or pseud­ onymous, as the case m ay be, and the MS. additio n deemed merely a suggestion MC to which the librarian will attach such importance as he may think proper on his own respo nsi bility, in supplying the author's name between brackets as h~reafter Further Reading directed. ' In the alphabetical a"angement, initial prepositions, letters or articles to be Predeek, Albert. "Antonio Panizzi und der alphabetischen taken in connection with the rest of the name. Katalog des Britischen Museums." in Festschrift Georg Leyh, 257-82. Leipzig : Otto Harrassowitz, 1937. Ill. If more than o ne name occur in the title, by which it may appear that An excellent study of the circumstances surrounding the ~ork is the production of more than one person, the flrst to be taken as the leadmg name. composition of the rules. McCrimmon, Barbara. "Whose Ninety-one Rules? A Revision­ IV. The works of sovereigns, or of princes of sovereign houses to be entered under their Christian or first name, in their English f orm. ' ist View." Journal of Library History 18 (Spring 1983): 163-77. V. Works of Jewish Rabbis, as well as works of Oriental writers in general Claims that Pan izzi wrote the rules only under pressure to be entered under their first name. ' from the Trustees. VI. Works of friars, who, by the constitution of their order, drop th eir sur­ Panizzi, Anthony. "Mr. Panizzi to the Right Hon. the Earl of na_me , to be entered under the Christian name· the name of the family if ascer- Ellesmere.- British Museum, January 29, 1848." In tamedC • t 0 b e a dd e d ·m brackets. The same to be 'd one for persons canonized' as well Great Britain. Commissioners Appointed to In quire into :~ or those known under their flist name only, to which, for the sake of distinc­ the Constitution and Government of the British •on, they add that of their native place, or profession, or rank. Patronymics, or Museum, Appendix to the Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the Constitution and Manage­ ment [sic] of the British Museum, 378-95. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1850. Reprinted fr B · · h M don, 1841), ~~v-ix~us useum, The Catalogue of Printed Books in the British Museum (Lon- Reprinted in this volume. 3 4 - Rules for the Compilation of the Catalogue Rules for the Compilation of the Catalogue-S denominations, derived from the ancestors or names of other persons, to be used other point, when the librarian is directed to supply any information in cataloguing, as surnames. 3 note of interrogation to follow in such a position as to indicate clearly the point on which any doubt is entertained. VII. The respondent or defender of a thesis to be considered its author, except when it unequivocally appears to be the work of the Prreses. XVII. An author's rank in society, in cases in which he enjoyed any eminent honorary distinction, or office for life, not lower than that of knight, admiral, VITI. When an author uses a Christian or first name only (either real or or general, to be stated in italics. Younger sons of dukes and marquesses, and all assumed), such name to be taken as a heading; and if more than one be used, the daughters of dukes, marquesses and earls, when not enjoying a distinct title, to have fust to be preferred for the principal entry. The surname or family name, when the designation Lord or Lady prefixed to the Christian name. All other younger known, to be added in brackets after the first name. branches of the nobility to have the word Hon. prefiXed. The words Right Hon., in the same situation, to distinguish privy councillors. Knights to be indicated IX. Any act, resolution, or other document purporting to be agreed upon, merely by the appellation Sir prefixed to their first name. Titles of inferior rank, authorized, or issued by assemblies, boards, or corporate bodies, (with the excep­ whether ecclesiastical, military, or civil, to be given only when necessary to make a tion of academies, universities, learned societies, and religious orders, respecting distinction between authors having the same surname and Christian name. which special rules are to be followed,) to be entered in distinct alphabetical Proper names commencing with Me. or M' to be entered under Mac, with series, under the name of the country or place from which they derive their cross-references from the other forms.
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