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Elsternwick Park – Stormwater Harvesting Project Desktop Assessment

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Elsternwick Park – Stormwater Harvesting Project Desktop Assessment Elsternwick Park – Stormwater Harvesting Project Desktop Assessment Sponsor: Bayside City Council Cultural Heritage Advisor and Author: Personal Information Submission Date: 4th May 2012 Elsternwick Park – Stormwater Harvesting Project Desktop Assessment Heritage Insight Pty Ltd Disclaimer The information contained in this Desktop Assessment has been compiled from the standard heritage database sources and is accurate as far as Heritage Insight Pty Ltd is aware. However, within the timeframes available for technical heritage reporting, it is not possible to carry out comprehensive research of all published or unpublished manuscripts, journals, maps or oral history which may pertain to the study area. No responsibility can be taken for errors or omissions in primary and secondary source material cited in this report. Any opinions expressed in this report are those of Heritage Insight Pty Ltd and do not necessarily represent those of Bayside City Council. Copyright Notice This report is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, whether electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission. Enquiries should be made to Bayside City Council or Heritage Insight Pty Ltd. Acknowledgements Heritage Insight Pty Ltd would like to acknowledge and thank the following people for their assistance and participation in this study: Heritage Insight Staff Personal Information The Sponsor Personal Information Bayside City Council Abbreviations AAA – Australian Archaeological Association AAV – Aboriginal Affairs Victoria ASHA – Australasian Society of Historical Archaeology BLCAC – Bunurong Land Council Aboriginal Corporation BWFL – Boon Wurrung Foundation Ltd CHMP – Cultural Heritage Management Plan WTLCCHC - Wurundjeri Tribe Land and Compensation Cultural Heritage Council Elsternwick Park – Stormwater Harvesting Project Desktop Assessment Heritage Insight Pty Ltd Executive Summary Introduction This desktop assessment has been undertaken at the request of Bayside City Council in order to provide a detailed assessment of the cultural heritage values for the section of Elster Canal that runs through Elsternwick Park, with a view to making recommendations for managing identified cultural heritage issues that may be affected by the proposed project. This will assist Bayside City Council to ensure that the project is undertaken in a manner consistent with the principles of Ecologically Sustainable Development and relevant State and Commonwealth legislation. Personal Information The location of the Activity Area is within the southern region of Elsternwick Golf Course along Elster Canal (formerly Elster Creek) between St Kilda and New Streets, Elsternwick. Areas of the golf course near to Elster Canal will be excavated to about 1 metre for drainage works and the existing channel will be modified in a number of locations. The small wetland at the St Kilda Street end of the study area will be expanded and extra drainage will be added. At the New Street end a sediment basin will be established with an access track connecting it to the eastern fence line. South of Bent Avenue, the artificial lake will also have topsoil infill added to isolated sections of bank as part of the bank remediation works. Results of the Assessment Desktop Assessment The desktop assessment for the study area has allowed a site prediction model to be developed. A site prediction model is intended for use as an indication of the types of archaeological sites that may occur in a given area. The site prediction model can later be tested against the results of the field survey and sub-surface testing. In general the following statements can be made about the current study area: No previously recorded Indigenous sites are within the study area or within 200m. As the study area falls within a heavily developed, well-established suburb, the lack of any previously identified Indigenous sites is not considered unusual; There were no areas of cultural sensitivity within 500m of the study area; No CHMPs have been undertaken within 2km of the study area. Presland’s regional survey of Melbourne considered the highly urbanised areas around Melbourne to have very limited archaeological potential for sites to still exist. The Elwood Heritage Study discusses the drainage works associated with the canal and surrounding marshland. These works have resulted in large amounts of ground disturbance to the natural soils; The environment in the geographic region before the arrival of Europeans was most likely Swamp Scrub following the creek line. The vegetation would have comprised a closed scrub of Swamp Paperbark with an understorey of groundcovers containing rushes and sedges. A number of swamps and natural springs used to be present in the wider region Page | i Elsternwick Park – Stormwater Harvesting Project Desktop Assessment Heritage Insight Pty Ltd indicating that even though the study area is situated along a section of the former Elster Creek, there would have also been an abundance of other nearby resources linked to the swamps and springs; Animal and plant resources would have been abundant within the vicinity of the study area; A variety of stone raw materials would have been accessible to Aboriginals as they travelled up and down the coast, although not specifically present in the vicinity of the study area itself; The study area is comprised of non-marine sands, sandy clay, silt, and gravel that were deposited during the late Miocene to early Pliocene (Neogene) known as the Brighton Group. The geomorphological unit of the study area is Sand and Clay Plains – Moorabbin which is made up of sandy dune ridges and sheets with intervening clay swamps. This Sand and Clay Plains has a high probability of Indigenous sites being present, particularly within sub-surface deposits; There is some potential for Indigenous sites to still be present within the dunes in the wider area as Aboriginal cultural material and human burials are known to occur in similar sandy deposits around Port Philip Bay; and There has been a long history of European modifications in the study area related to the construction and channelizing of Elster Creek and the draining of marshland associated with the swamp to the west in Elwood. In addition, the park in its entirety has undergone several redevelopments during the 20th century that have resulted in the alteration of the ground surface through landscaping for the golf course and sports fields. The site prediction model suggests that there is a very low potential for Indigenous archaeological sites to be present within the study area due to the low-lying ground surface (ie. marshland) prior to the arrival of Europeans, the well-established, highly urbanised surroundings, and the high degree of ground disturbance related to the construction and channelizing of Elster Creek and the landscaping and redevelopment of the golf course and sporting grounds that took place during the late 19th century through to the late 20th century. It is considered highly unlikely that Indigenous sites would be located within the study area. Field Inspection A field inspection was undertaken on 26th April 2012 by Personal Information(Heritage Insight Pty Ltd) to further assess evidence for areas of potential cultural sensitivity and of ground disturbance within the study area. The full length of the study area was walked and inspected. The ground on the northern side of the canal was very wet and water could be seen sitting on the surface. The rises visible in the vicinity of the canal are associated with the golf course and indicate the degree of disturbance to manufacture the current environment. Piping and discoloured grass were evident in some places and appear to be part of the existing network of irrigation within the golf course. Vegetation along the edges of the canal and small wetland was very thick. It was possible to locate the bluestone canal by probing through the grass and water along much of the accessible sections of the canal and would therefore appear to contain the original materials used in the channelization of the creek. Page | ii Elsternwick Park – Stormwater Harvesting Project Desktop Assessment Heritage Insight Pty Ltd Conclusions The site prediction model presented in Section 3.3 indicated that although the availability of natural resources such as plants, animals and stone, the permanent sources of water which would have been available (Elster Canal (formerly Creek) and marshlands), and the known archaeology sensitivity of the geomorphic unit of Sand and Clay Plains, there is a high potential for Indigenous archaeological sites to be located within the study area. However, there is a vast amount of evidence indicating that the soil conditions within and near the study area have undergone a number of significant modifications within the last 150 years. The earliest of these was the channelization of the creek line and the draining of the swamp in Elwood and the marshlands in the southern area of Elsternwick Park undertaken in the late 19th century. Throughout the 20th century, there have been further modifications to the soil from landscaping and irrigation for a range of sporting facilities as well as artificially created wetlands and a lake. In addition to this, the suburb of Elsternwick is a highly urbanised and well-established
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