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10.14457/MU.The.2004.5 05/09/2564 06:00:25 A STUDY OF GENDER POWER RELATIONS IN SEXUALITY: A CASE STUDY OF WOMEN FACTORY WORKERS IN AOM-NOI SUBDISTRICT, KRATHUMBAEN DISTRICT, SAMUT SAKHON PROVINCE 10.14457/MU.the.2004.5 เมื่อ 08/10/2564 18:08:57 SARANTHON KAEWKOON A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS (RURAL DEVELOPMENT STUDIES) FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY 2004 ISBN 974-04-5124-1 COPYRIGHT OF MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY 10.14457/MU.the.2004.5 เมื่อ 08/10/2564 18:08:57 10.14457/MU.the.2004.5 เมื่อ 08/10/2564 18:08:57 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The success of this thesis can been attributed to the extensive support and assistance from my advisor, Asst. Prof. Yongyuth Burasith and my co-advisor, Asst. Prof. Iam Thongdee, Assoc. Prof. Saowapa Pornsiripongse, Asst. Prof. Kovit Phong- ngam. I deeply thank them for their valuable advice and guidance in this research. 10.14457/MU.the.2004.5 I wish thank Khun Vilaiwan Saetea Chairman of union of Nakhon Luang and Women factory workers in Aom-Noi Subdisstrict Krathumbeaan District, Samut เมื่อSakhon 08/10/2564 Province. 18:08:57 I am grateful to my sisters and my friends for their help and advice ; Khanchanna Noree, Somchai Arunchratrakool, Chattarin Bunkerd, Maneeparn Rewong, Pimchanok Mathuramon, Niran Pramapimay. Finally, I am grateful to my family for their financial support, entirely care, and love. The usefulness of this thesis, I dedicate to my father, my mother and all the teachers who have taught me since my childhood. Saranthon Kaewkoon Fac of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. Thesis / iv A STUDY OF GENDER POWER RELATIONS IN SEXUALITY: A CASE STUDY OF WOMEN FACTORY WORKERS IN AOM-NOI SUBDISTRICT, KRATHUMBAEN DISTRICT, SAMUT SAKHON PROVINCE SARANTHON KAEWKHOON 4237756 LCRU/M M.A. (RURAL DEVELOPMENT STUDIES) THESIS ADVISORS: YONGYUTH BURASITH, M.A., IAM THONGDEE, M.A., SAOWAPA PORNSIRIPONSE, M.A. 10.14457/MU.the.2004.5ABSTRACT This Social research is a qualitative and quantitative study, the objectives of เมื่อwhich were08/10/2564 1) to study the characteristics 18:08:57 of gender power relations in sexuality of women factory workers and 2) to study factors affecting the gender power relations in sexuality. Samples of the study consist of 138 factory women living in Aom-Noi Subdistrict, Krathumbaen District, Samut Sakhon Province, which were divided into 108 samples in a qualitative study and 30 samples in a quantitative study. Data was analyzed by content analysis in a qualitative study and by ANOVA for one-way classification in a level of 0.05 significance in a quantitative study. The findings of the study indicate that most of the samples have less sexual negotiation or no sexual negotiation. The results from in-depth interview of 30 respondents show that 63.33 per cent (19 persons) have no sexual negotiation with their husbands. 36.66 per cent (11 persons) have sexual negotiation, but only 7 persons have a successful sexual negotiation - - can refuse their husband sex by persuasive speaking and giving reasons and can initiate to have sexual relationship with their husbands. And only a few respondents can insist on condom use for a safer sex from unwanted pregnancy and uncertainty of HIV infection from their husbands, as the meaning of condom use in factory women’s thinking is tied with sex workers and it also expresses feeling of being unreliable resulting in unstable relationship of a couple. However, in the group of no sexual negotiation or unsuccessful sexual negotiation, factory women give reasons that they are timid, afraid of, fearful that their husbands will be angry, fearful of being abandoned and unreliable if their husbands use condoms. The result also shows that important factors affecting gender power relations in sexuality are 1) income - -factory women have higher income than their husbands. 2) personalities - - they are confident in themselves and raised with sexual equality. KEY WORDS: GENDER POWER RELATIONS/ SEXUALITY/ WOMEN FACTORY WORKERS 121 pp. ISBN 974-04-5124-1 Fac of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. Thesis / v การศึกษาความสัมพันธเชิงอํานาจระหวางหญิงชายในเรื่องเพศสัมพันธ : กรณีศึกษาสาวโรงงาน ตําบลออม นอย อําเภอกระทุมแบน จังหวัดสมุทรสาคร (A STUDY OF GENDER POWER RELATIONS IN SEXUALITY : A CASE STUDY OF WOMEN FACTORY WORKERS IN AOM-NOI SUBDISTRICT, KRATHUMBAEN DISTRICT, SAMUT SAKHON PROVINCE) ศรัณธร แกวคูณ : 4237756 LCRU/M ศศ.ม.(พัฒนาชนบทศึกษา) คณะกรรมการควบคุมวิทยานิพนธ: ยงยุทธิ์ บุราสิทธิ์ ศศ.ม., เอี่ยม ทองดี ศศ.ม., เสาวภา พรสิริพงศ 10.14457/MU.the.2004.5ศศ.ม. เมื่อ 08/10/2564 18:08:57บทคัดยอ วิทยานิพนธนี้เปนการศึกษาวิจัยทางสังคมศาสตร ใชรูปแบบการศึกษาวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพเปนหลักรวม กับการศึกษาเชิงปริมาณ โดยมีวัตถุประสงคเพื่อ 1) ศึกษาลักษณะความสัมพันธเชิงอํานาจระหวางหญิงชายใน เรื่องเพศสัมพันธของสาวโรงงาน 2) ศึกษาปจจัยสําคัญที่มีผลตอความสัมพันธเชิงอํานาจระหวางหญิงชายใน เรื่องเพศสัมพันธ กลุมตัวอยางในการศึกษาครั้งนี้ คือ สาวโรงงาน ต.ออมนอย อ.กระทุมแบน จ.สมุทรสาคร จํานวน 138 คน โดยแบงเปนกลุมตัวอยางจากการศึกษาเชิงปริมาณ 108 คน และการศึกษาในเชิงคุณภาพ 30 คน โดยในการวิเคราะหขอมูลไดใชวิธีการวิเคราะหเนื้อหา สําหรับการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ และเชิงปริมาณใชสถิติ วิเคราะหความแปรปรวนแบบแจกแจงทางเดียว โดยมีนัยยะสําคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.05 ผลการศึกษา พบวา กลุมตัวอยางสวนใหญมีอํานาจการตอรองต่ําหรือขาดอํานาจการตอรอง โดยขอ มูลจากการสัมภาษณเชิงลึกจํานวน 30 ราย พบวา กลุมตัวอยางรอยละ 63.33 (19 ราย) ไมมีการเจรจาตอรอง ทางเพศกับสามีเลย และสวนอีกรอยละ 36.66 (11 ราย) มีการเจรจาตอรองทางเพศกับสามี แตสามารถตอรอง ไดสําเร็จเพียง 7 ราย ที่ปฏิเสธหรือตอรองไดสําเร็จนี้สามารถที่จะปฏิเสธการมีเพศสัมพันธเมื่อตนไมพรอมดวย วิธีการพูดคุยหวานลอมและใหเหตุผลแกสามี การเปนฝายเริ่มตนการมีเพศสัมพันธเมื่อตนพรอมหรือตองการ สามารถใหสามีใชถุงยางอนามัยเพื่อการปองกันการตั้งครรภและเมื่อไมแนใจวาตนตกอยูในภาวะเสี่ยงตอการ ติดเชื้อเอดสจากสามีไดเพียงบางรายเทานั้น เนื่องจากความหมายของถุงยางอนามัยในความคิดของสาวโรงงาน ไปผูกติดอยูกับการใชกับผูหญิงบริการ อีกทั้งยังแสดงถึงความไมไวใจกันอันจะสงผลตอสัมพันธภาพที่สั่น คลอนของสาวโรงงานและสามี สวนกลุมที่ไมมีการเจรจาตอรองทางเพศกับสามีเลย หรือไดเริ่มตนการเจรจา ตอรองแตไมสามารถตอรองไดสําเร็จ เนื่องจากความไมกลา ความเกรงใจ กลัวสามีโกรธ กลัวการถูกทอดทิ้ง และคิดวาไมไวใจกันหากใหสามีใชถุงยางอนามัย โดยปจจัยสําคัญที่มีผลตอความสัมพันธเชิงอํานาจระหวาง หญิงชายในเรื่องเพศสัมพันธ คือ 1)รายได หมายถึง การที่ภรรยามีรายไดมากกวาสามี 2)บุคลิกภาพสวนบุคคล หมายถึง มีความเชื่อมั่นใจตนเองและการไดรับการเลี้ยงดูอยางเสมอภาคทางเพศ 121 หนา ISBN 974-04-5124-1 CONTENTS Page 10.14457/MU.the.2004.5ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii เมื่อABSTRACT 08/10/2564 18:08:57 iv LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF FIGURES xiii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background and rationale of the study 1 1.2 Objectives of the study 4 1.3 Benefits of the study 4 1.4 Scope of the study 4 1.5 Limitations of the study 4 1.6 Definition of terms 5 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Structural functionalism on division of status and sex roles 6 2.2 Structural functionalism on gender role differences 7 2.3 Theory of learning through social construction of sexual behavioral determinants 13 2.4 Social Control 14 vii CONTENTS (continued) Page CHAPTER 10.14457/MU.the.2004.52.5 Concept of gender – related double standards 15 2.6 Concept of ‘Power in a family’ 22 เมื่อ 2.708/10/2564 Related researches 18:08:57 27 2.7.1 System of beliefs and sexual values in Thai society 27 2.7.2 Gender roles and gender socialization 29 2.7.3 The power relations in sexuality context 30 2.7.4 Sexual behaviors of worker groups 31 2.8 Conceptual framework 33 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Selection for research site 34 3.2 Population and sample 35 3.3 Data gathering 37 3.4 Investigation and analysis 40 3.5 Ethical consideration 41 4 STUDY RESULTS 4.1 Physical / Geographical appearance, economic condition, Social situation of Aom-Noi subdistrict, Kratumban district, Samut sakhon province 44 4.2 Result of quantitative study 45 4.3 Result of qualitative study 78 viii CONTENTS (continued) Page CHAPTER 10.14457/MU.the.2004.55 CONCLUSION DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS เมื่อ 5.108/10/2564 Conclusion 18:08:57 101 5.2 Discussion 108 5.3 Recommendation 112 5.4 Recommendation for future studies 113 BIBLIOGRAPHY 114 BIOGRAPHY 121 LIST OF TABLES Page Table 4.1 Number and percentage of the respondents, 10.14457/MU.the.2004.5 classified by ages 46 เมื่อTable 4.208/10/2564 Number and percentage 18:08:57 of the respondents, classified by the former domiciles 47 Table 4.3 Number and percentage of the respondents, classified by education levels 48 Table 4.4 Number and percentage of the respondents, classified by the income 50 Table 4.5 Number of years living in Samutsakhon Province 51 Table 4.6 Number and percentage of the respondents, classified by marriage ages 53 Table 4.7 Number and percentage of the respondents, classified by years of married life 54 Table 4.8 Number and percentage of the respondents, classified by the period of dating 55 Table 4.9 Number and percentage of the respondents, classified by forms of marriage 56 Table 4.10 Number and percentage of the respondents, classified by the working places 56 Table 4.11 Number and percentage of the respondents, classified by the period of time working in Samutsakhon Province 57 Table 4.12 Number and percentage of the respondents, classified by the work hours 58 x LIST OF TABLES (continued) Page Table 4.13 Number and percentage of the respondents, classified by childowning status 59 Table 4.14 Number and percentage of the respondents, 10.14457/MU.the.2004.5 classified by the number of children 59 เมื่อTable 4.1508/10/2564 Number and percentage 18:08:57 of the respondents, classified by the characters of their dwelling places 60 Table 4.16 Number and percentage of the respondents,
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