A JOURNAL OF ANARCHIST .

VoL. XXVII.—No. 295. KOVEMBBR, 1913. Monthly;'OsE Penny.

Ids heavy train, and should have had that extra help. Everyone, i^OTJilS. of course, knows that Caudle was doing two men’s work, and so missed his signals. JBe was found guilty to save Sir Guy Granet Mr Hyndman’s Mistake ■ fellow criminals. Now turn fe the accidents at Liverpool We must say we feel sincerely' sorry to find Mr. Hyndman so, fW aterloo Junction. In both_ cases the men were, doing y ^ X *1 . 1 Ti . 1 n ,•> . two mews works and m both cases the danger oi this had been conspicaonsly facing to nnc^erstand the new trend of things, communicated to the managers. In both "cases it was igndi:ed. The sohdarity .of Labour, the keynote of all present Labour' But the men knew by their practical what ' struggles, has .come .to be what'it is to-day by -virtue of the was heeded, and would have supplied it had they been free to do strike and the , .economic struggle. In the Daily Herald so. Finally, we may recall why guard Richardson was dis- (Octoher 20) Mr. Hyndman says : “ So far...... strikes have had missed— because he actually refused to take the risk involved in no guiding idea whatever.” We should say most emphatio'aUy ol^eying the orders of managerial mismanagement. lie wasla toguide, h.e «TO etouaied from my member of tto Pmb.monto, i„ rilwaj orgmiimlion friio ibo m.etere wbo oiploit Uiom. If , Labour Party, -with its political fooling, all these years. But' the public wants to savodts skin, and have decent travelling, let ■ there is another answer. The Syndicalist^ are trying to educate the men run the, rjiilways. Otherwise we shall have that the workers into the-very clear and definite aim of organising abominable system/Of “ regimentation ” of the wor kCrs,, which ' and oontrpllingf their labour so as to produce for the whole ''ve see on Oontin^tal State railways. community'instead of for their master.' Does this meet with any ' ' / . —------^ . greater approval from the Social Democrats? On the contrary. The Evolution'of. Home Rule. they are even more hitter and antagonistic to Syndicahsm. than Sir Edward Grey’s suggestion of “ Home Rule within Home to -' ; possibly because it spreads so much more , Rule ” is a remarkable development, politically speaking, of the rapidly. But Mr. Hyndman also fails to grasp the moral results principle of autonomy, Carson, Smith and Oo. have by their of strikes—even strikes that fall. He shows this in his attitude ' “ rebeUion ’Ibrought things to a point that may teach a much- toward the Dublin strike. “ But for the handsome support of lesson to centralised Governments and-teach it m a way -D v -u rn j , TT • xT. i f-rs t 3iot much to tueir own taste .when the tables are turned-. If it the British Trade Unions, the wage-slaves of Duhhn would have ^^^e not for the blind fools who echo nothing but the parrot cry, been.staiwed mtp . submission some time ago,’ he teRs us. Govern, rule, force,”.autonomy would be in the way of solving Quite so ,, that s. ]ust the pomt.. Tfee Umous are helping tU the tens of thousands of difficulties with their trouble and strife eeo:noms^uggle and no,action in Parliament could do as much. ■ _and cost-that beset us on all hands to-day. The little flutter . . Not only that, but the sptoit of solidarity engendered has broken among the indignant inhabitants of Seven Eings iUustrates on a e pe 0 e priest a,nd the politician in Ireland, and, in spite minute scale what we mean. Here the Borough Oouncil, for ? j X children, their ultimate fall will be • .gome unaccountable reason (perhaps jobbery), had proposed ■ traced to- this phenomenal strike. ■ allotting so many acres' of land, to' be divided between the • - making of a public park ’ and a cemetery adjoining ! The out- Other Issues. ^ ^ hurst of indignant was so gre^it that the Local Government In connection with the Dublin strike it is interesting to .quote Board had to withdraw its permission from the scheme. The •what the special correspondent of the "Baily News wrote on next trouble was the threat to build a “ dust destructor ” in the . October 15 :— midst of tlfe people’s dwellings, polluting the air with its fumes, “W hile the peers and politicians of Ulster were making' have answered this proposed outrage sounds said to resemble Irish civil war, the revolution actually threatening to resist by force all attempts to build the thing, began in Dublin, where the vast majority are Home Rhlers refuse to pay rate's, and to elect a committee to fight the * The Irish revolution happens to have preceded the Irish Parlia- Borough Council. An autonomous commume would cdrtainly ment, ‘ Two months ago,’ said an influential Dublin man to me ®®’^® fription and waste, by first knowing what it to-day, ‘ I could place politically every man of my acquaintance, -wanted, then doing it for itself. • To-day it is impossible to label anyone here unless he teUs you • ------~ ’ what his new sympathy is. Irish politics are in the melting-pot. The Po'Wer of the Priest. ®7®^ S®ro^®ro are looking on as puzzled as us ' The outrage,perpetrated by the priests in Dublin—who were ? ® have been gazingf at W estminster so long .that we have dumb dogs enough while the poor workers endured the horrors failed to see what is happening in ,our midst. One might say of their awful lives without protest—reminds usthpt the devilish that the birth-throes of a new Ireland have begun a little spirit of bigotry and Jesuitical fanaticism is far from dead, p-rematurely, and most of us are free to admit ^.that the only man There is an echo of I it here, too, ip . the prosecutions being who goes confidently to the control of the job is Jim Larkin.’ ” ■ instituted against Dr. Nikola at W olverhampton for blasphemy. We imagine this gentleman to he less enthusiastic about These scandals arise on certain occasions and in certain-places, strikes than even Mr. Hyndman. . But at any rate he has his tl^ls indicates that some person or persons are behind the ■ eyes open and can see things. - law, pulling the striifgs when their religious spleen finds an opportunity. All of which goes to prove that a new crusade Natlo^nallsatioji v. Free Organisation ' against priestcraft is badly needed. We have, jnSt heard Now that Nationalisation of Railways is in the air, it-is the eulogising the character of Bradlaugh But moment for aK reaUy desirous of an intelligent solution of the '®o“®throg more serious than this is wanted. We , want ,men railway problem to'ask why the lines could not be managed- J physical and moral courage of Bradlaugh as well as his ' and infinitely heUermanaged~hj the men thqmselves thin by %Wing spirit. Is there one growing up aiflongst us ? ^ the State. Let us consider for a moment the real causes of the — ■ /' recent accidents. Taking the Aisgill disaster first, we all know ' . ■ that had the request of the driver ^f the first train for an addi- '^ ’ Anaeohy.—-A social theory which regards the union of , order tional engiiw,-. been granted the accident would not have with the absence of all direct government of man by man as the happened. The, driver A-iieic 6;/p;qimeuce the requirements for _ political ideal.—Gentury Dietionevry. - , 86 FREEDOM. Ngvembe^:, 1913

of to one, as ro.noh as the three,days they formerly used to,pay to The Modern State. the landlord, in order to . cultivate a plot , of land, or merely to live under a roof. By Pbtbe ICeoeoiicin. ' - "We know, moreover, that if some day an economist would I make real “political economy,” .and calculate all that several I. masters—the employer, the houge-owner, the l^andlord, the count- ‘ less intermediaries, the capitahpwneis, and the State—levy THE ESSENTIAL PRINOIPLE' OP MODERN SOCIETY. directly or indirectly upon the wages of the working man, one In. ord(!r lo understand thorouijhly the direction that is how would be amazed to learn how little of it remains for. paying all taken by the development of society, and to see what has other workers whose produce is consumed by every working man. hitherto been acquired by progressive evolution, and what we The working man hardly realises how small is the part which goes may expect to comjuer in the future, we must consider carefully, to pay the agricultural labourer who has grown "the wheat he ~ first of' all, what aro the distinctive features of ■ modern society . consumes, the mason who built the house he dwells in, those who and the modern State. made the clothing he wears, the furniture Jie ha^ in his rooms, It need hardly be said that society, such as it is now, is not alnd so on. One would be amazed to find how little goes to all the logical development of some unique fundamental principle' those workers who produce the things consumed by other applied to the infinite .variety of the needs of human life. Like working men, in comparison to that immense portion which every other living organism, society represents, on the contrary, goes to the feudal barons of dur own time. an extreme]^ complex ■ result of thousands of struggles and thousands of oompromiseSi_ of survivals, of the past and of However, this robbing of the worker is not accomplished by longings towards a better future. one master imposed on every worker by the law, There exists ■ The theocratic spirit of a remote antiquity, slavery, imperial- for that purpose a special mechanism, extremely complicated— ■ ism, serfdom, the mediaeval commune,-thq.old superstitions, and impersonal and irresponsible. Nowadays the worker gives, just the modern spirit—all these are more or less represented, with as in olden times, a considerable portion of his life to work for all possible gradations', in the societies of the present ■ tinje. the pri-^leged ones; but he does it no more under the whip of a Shadows of a remote past, and rough sketches of- the future; ' master. The corripulsion is no' more a bodily constraint, as it -habits and ousloms as antiquated as the Stone Age, apd aspira­ was under serfdom. He will be thrown out into the street, and tions towards a future which is hardly perceptible on the horizon he forced to dwell ip'a'Slum; he will be'so reduced as never to —all these are found in our present human agglomerations, have sufficient to satisfy his hunger, and he will see his childn n struggling one against the other in es'ery individual, every layer- perishing from want of food and healthy surroundings; .he 'will of sooie.ty, and every generation. have to beg in his old days, or go to a workhouse. But he will ■ However, it we consider the great struggles, the great not be put on a bench in'a police-station and flogged for a badly popular revolutions which took place in, Europe and America sown coat or a badly harrowed field, as was done in our childhood . since the twelfth century, we see one principle distinctly arising days in Eastern Euroj>e, and was formerly done all over Europe. out of all these struggles. All the uprisings of the last eight Under the present'system—which is often more ferocious and centuries were aiming,at the abolition of ■ B'hat had survived of ' pitiless than the old one—man has nevertheless a feeling of ancient slavery in.its mitigated form—Serfdom. personal liberty. We 'know that for the ^proletarian such a ■ All these struggles had the purpose of freeing either the . , feeling is 'almost an illusion; and yet we must recognise that all . rural populations or the inhabitants of the towns and cities,”^or . modern progress and all hopes for the future are based on this both at the same time, from thht was the ohligatory labour feeling of freedom, whatever its limitations may be, , imposed upon them by. law, to the-advantage of some masters. lie most miserable man, in the darkest moments of his To recognise the right of every man to dispose at his own will of dejection, will not exchange his stone bed .under the. arch of a his own personal 'powers, the right to do the-work he himself bridge for the secure daily food of a slave, -with the slave’s ohaiui chooses to do, and so long as he likes to .do it, without any one in' addition. More than that. This feeling, this principle of having the legal right to him to do that work—in other- . compel personal liberty, is so dear to modern man that continually we words, the liberation . of the of ■ the peasant and the personality see whole populations of working men starving for months in artisan—this was the object of all those popular revolts. ' The .. succession, and marching against the bayonets of their rulers,' ) uprisings of the oommunes'’m the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth only to maintain some conquered rights. ' centuries; the peasant upheavals in the fifteenth and sixteenth ■ The' most obstinate strikes and the most bitter popular ' centuries in Bohemia, Germany, and the Netherlands; the revo­ - revolts result nowadays more often from questions of rights lutions of 1381 and 1648“ in Englanfi; and, finally, the Great than from questions of wages. . ' Revolution of,1789-93 in Erance-^thad t.iat purpose. . * ' . . The right to work at what a man chooses to work at, and so It ii true that the aim of these upheavals was only partially long as he chooses, thus remains the principle of modern society. attained. In proportion as the individual freed himself and • Qpnsequently, the chief accusation we level at society 'is, that gained personal liberty, new economic conditions were imposed this freedonj, so dear to man, is continually rendered.a fiction, by upon him, so as to paralyse his-liberty, forge new chains, and- the worker being placed under the necessity of selling his labour- bring him back under the old yoke by the menace of starvation. force to a, capitalist-^the modern State being the chief weapon A striking example of that was given quite ■ recently, when the for maintaining the working inen under this necessity, by means Russian serfs, liberated in 1861, were compelled'to pay .fbr'their of the monopolies and privileges it continually creates in favour , - liberation by a redemption of the land that they had cultivated ' of'one class of citizens, to'the detriment of the others. . for centuries past— which' niieant poverty and misery and the It begins, indeed, to be generally understood that'the funda­ reimpositibu of a new economic serfdom. And what was done in mental principle, upon which all are agreed, is continually Rusria was done, in one way or another, everywhere in W estern' Europe during tte seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Physical evaded by means of ,a widely-developed system of monopolies. He who owns nothing becomes once more the serf of those who. . compulsion disappeared, but new forms of constraint were estab­ possess, because he is bound to accept th ■ conditions of the lished. Personal serfdom was abolished in the laws of ’ the owners of the land, the factory, the dwelling-houses, the trade, country; but it reappeared in a new form—the economic one. and so on; he is- thus compel]^ to pay to the rich—to all the And yet, with all that—theoretically, in Law—this is pro­ rich—tan immense tribute, as- a consequence of the established claimed as the fundamental prino pie of our modern society. In .. monopolies. ' These'monopolies become hateful to the people, not theory, the freedom of labour is proclaimed as every one’s only on account of the.lazy life they guarantee to ,the rich, but fundamental rightr^By law, work is no longer ohligatory for chiefly on account of the rights they give to the monopolists over any one. A caste of slaves, bound to work' for their masters, the working class. does not exist; and, at least in Europe, there exists no longer a Consequently, the great fault we find with modern society is, ■ class of men, bound to give to their masters three days of work that after having proclaimed the principle of liberty of work, it . every week, in return for the use of a, small piece of land to has created such conditions of property-ownership that which the serf formerly remained attached all his life. Every they do , They wipe one—at least, in law—is considered free to work where he likes, not permit the worker to he the master of his work. and so much as he likes. out this principle, and place the worker in-sueh a condition that *** he must work to enrich his masters, and to perpetuate, as it were, his own inferiority.. He is' forced to forge his.own And yet we know—and the Socialists of all shades of opinion chains. are never weary .of demonstrating it every day—how illusory. W ell, then, if it is true that the principle of liberty of work how unreal is this supposed freedom. M illions and millions of is" really dear to modern man, if he j-epudiates servile w,ork and men, women, and children are forced every day, under the cherishes personal freedom, then the 'course to he followed by a menace of starvation, to give their labour to a'master, accepting revolutionist is quite evident. the conditions he imposes upon them. And we know, and we He will repudiate -all forms of a veiled serfdom. He will try to make it well understood by the masses, that under the work to put an end to a state of things in which freedom has - name of land-rent, house-rent, interest, profit, and so on, that are come to he an empty word. He will try to find out what it is ■ paid to the capital-owner, the industrial working man and the . .that prevents ihe worker from being the master of his own brain agricultural labourer continue to give, to several masters instead * and hands; and he will aim -at tHfe abolition—by force if ' November,.. 1913. ( FREEDOM. 87

necessary—of tbo obstacles opposed to that freedom, always part cultured, and have enjoyed the greatest advantages of taking care that he does not introduce new obstacles which,’ • education-that the system is able to offer them. perhaps, ■ 'might give a temporary increase of well-being to a ' ■ What is the result, the gain to humanity, of this wonderfully section of the working class, but would limit their liberty at the regulated society which has been built solely to make life richer J same time. .. . Millions are on the Verge of starvation, hundreds of thousands let us, then, analyse the obstacles which reduce ,the working are spending their lives in producing instruments for the man s liberty and tend to enslave him, in opposition to a destruction of human life, and millions again arc wasting their principle generally recognised. '' , existenpe in a dull tragedy of monotony. In . ev(*ry great (To be continued.} industrial centre where wealth is most plentifully produced, there is poverty and want. In the rich town when? no pro- ' V duotion is carried pn, there i.s plenty and enjoyment.. Ho who labours hard or produces wealth is in povtriy, he who lives in idleness is rich. When the warehouses are full, there is want ‘ A General View of Anarchism. and hunger. Those without food are forbidden to produce 'because the demand is already supplied. By 6. Baerkto. , In all this,- what part does - the (lovernment play ? It controls and regulates—as if, forsooth, invention and production . were .not in'themselves orderly processes. It. pi’oteots the INTBODUCTION. property necessary for all this production,. but, with tragic An Anarchist is a man who does not believe that government imbecility, it protects it for the non-producer ar/ainst the. is a good thing fdr* the people. He is, in fact, a. man who producer. It protects the wealth created; but it does not believes in and strives for liberty. Liberty is to him not a preserve it for those who need it, imt .for those who are superstition, or, a god of which to make images, but a practical already wealthy—and thus arises-the prohlcvi of pover.y. What can the politicians say to tho.'e appalling facts? From theory or plan of action. The first step necessary in establishing Socialists to Conservatives, they can‘only raise the pitifully weak liberty will be,' clearly, the abolition of government. This may appeal: Put us in power and we will do better. at the first glance seem wildly impossible; but if we think for a Thus, to defect the Government helping to upset' the" social moment, we shall see a new side of the question. equilibrium may not be proof that it is necessarily and innately In the first place, is there not' 'something quite wrong and an-- unsocial factor in our civilisation, but it should at least shake our mixed up in your ideas, for I assume you are not an Anarchist'?' faith and throw it open to critioi.sm—a criticism not aimed You believe in gdvernment as a necessary part of our social life, at the particular party in power, but directed to the institution itself. , and ,yet you will not like to say that you deny and reject liberty. This is so with almost all people who are not Anarchists—they Custom,^in truth, has a marvellous power-to paralyse our spend one half of their intellect' apologising for their belief in mind; but' if we rid our thoughts of the folly of believing that government, and the other half in excusing themselves for their what is is right, and if we. imagine the free society that iniylit b •, love of liberty. They are in just the same position in regard to it surely becomes difficult to conceiv.e the, audacity of the man their political beliefs as the Christians are in regard to their who could seriously j>refer the Government system, Is it not religious ideal. The Christians build churches to the glory of sufficiently convincing simply to remember that the Government Christ and worship him; should any man speak against him, is-represented by a gang of men armed with bludgeons, who hang they are horrified; but when it comes to practical life, they dp about our streets and country roads by night as well as by day. not in the least apply their religion. “Take no thought for. It must at least appear possible that this attempt to keep to-morrow ” they translate “ Keep a good balance at the bank.” the dispossessed from the .food of the country and the means **Thou shalb not kill” becomes i£60,000,000 annually for the _ of production may be a relic of the darkest ages in history. Army anc^Navy.” “ Judge not ” and “ Swear not ” is written in (To be continued.) the book by which they swear in the courts of judgment. “ Call no man your mastfir^ for ye are all brothers," is interpreted to ‘ . mean that the 'soldiers must protect their masters by shooting their brothers during a strike. CORRESPONDENCE. So one could go on till it is.pro.ved that every point' taught . , ' by Christ has been rejected by those who worship him. ’ THE SINGLE TAX. Exactly the same thing has happened in regard to Liberty. (2b Editor of FeEedom.) As a people, vye worship it. ,Our boast is that “where the Union • Deae Comrade,—Your correspondent, W. Mutter, should know ' Jack floats there is liberty." '\Ve\erect statues to it, our poets that “ the people ” are now on the land, and as certainly serfs as- they sing its praise, our politicians stir oh.r manly blood with rhetoric were when agriculture and its allied industries were the only ones in in praise of it, so that we march with^ proud step 'to the polling this country. The Single Tax is designed-to give the people the land booth; but when it comes to practical life, none of these in the ' which- they live and by which they live, and it will do it (1) by least a-pplies his ideal. “'W'e must have a Government, we must destroying the selling price of land, and (2) by making workers have some one in control,” they say; and behind these words are ' independent of capitalists—that is, masters of their own capital, which, hidden the policeman’s bludgeon, the wretched' prison system, they create. • and the Army ready to shoot dowil those rebels who dare to Mr. Mutter is evidently labouring under (he very common .delusion attempt to overthrow the politician’s ideal of! society. Liberty is prevalent in these days of grandmotherly legislation, that the workers a fine thing to make speeches, about, andVto which to erect can be helped by some authority, whether that authority be a Govern- statues ; but for practical pohtios they demand government. • ment or, as he suggests, a co-operative society. They cannot be helped. ■ We begin' to see now where the 'Anarchist comes in; He They are indeed the only source of help, and it is by reason of that really believes in Liberty, and, as I have said before, he sees which they render being exploited by officials, and. monopolists that this means the abolition of government., V fl>at they are rendered so helplessly servile. Mr. Mutter will find by a Those who believe in government, then, are mtrifle niuddled careful study of “ Progress and Poverty” jJHenry George’s famous, in their-philosophy; but the readerjnay yet be the opinion book) that the primary method .,of..exploitation is land monopoly, and tha.t it would be entirely impossible,to oveithrow ft. The fact- ' when that, method is destroyed all other chains which bind the is, anything eke is impossible. \. workers will be broken by themselves easily enough.— Yours fraternally. Does not all history show u§ a confliet between tlm dominant s-on-tbe-Sea. John Bagot. or governing class and the people to whom it tries to (j^ictate the . conditions of life? Does it not als©_shaw that the march of ■ (To ike Editor of Freedom.) process is away from government towards liberty ? ' Dear Comrade,—You have pointed out that I did not give any But what more damning proof of the impossibility of govern- idea of how to get possession of the land. Could , not the'Wholesale mo t can we wish for than the age in which we live ? It almost' Society plant a farm in each county, and carry out the famous John seems that the impossiWe becomes but a small field to be achieved, Sellers’s ideas on co-operative societies on the laud? It is not for for day by day we extend the boundary of the possible. Our the working class to worry about the middle-class shopkeepers and their greatest thoughts have*been translated into action, our imagina- Single Tax.' They should be members of the co.-operative societies, a'nd tion has materialised. The inventive genius of man brings into have a voice in the business. A few useful hints on the subject can be reality a world of inarvels more beautiful and full of wonder than found by reading “Cottage Economy,” by William Oobbett, and also the most imaginative fairy tale of our childhood. We fly above “ The Conquest of Bread,” by Kropotkin, who tells us that, “ whether the clouds or traverse the ocean bed; we may circle the earth we like it or not, this is what the people mean by a revolution. As with ainazing rapidity; more and ever more easily Nature gives soon as they have made a clean sweep of the Government, they will up her wealth to us, and. the full richness of life is laid bare. seek first of all to ensure to (hemselves decent dwellings and sufficient Such are the individual and social achievements of man. food and clothes.”—Yours fraternally, W. Mutter. In the midst and at the head, of the social structure, which Manchester, comes into existence because our activities are carried on by groups, and not by single individuals, is an 'association of men The receipt of a free copy of this paper is an invitation calling themselves the Government. 'These men are for the most - to subscribe. Is. 6d. per annum. 88 November, 1913. / liberty, like tbe brothers Bandiera, Of the heroic young Republicans at Sapri with Pisacane. Political action always meant action, not mere innocent Parliamentary voting. That is why during the forty yfears of , A JOURNAL OP ANARCHIST COMMUNISM. existence'Of Social Democracy,; in si)ite of' their'pompous and Monthly, Omt Fenny; fost-fm,, s Cents; France, 15 Centimes. Sonorous phraseology, they never obtained a single concession' Annual Subscription, post-free. Is. 6J.; U.S. A., 40c.; France,^2fr. from their oppressors. Jn a period of forty years, or even less, Foreign Subscriptions should be sent by International Mobey Order. jhe .true revolutionists and people of political action liberated Hollaiid from Spanish oppression, created..the independent and Wholesale price, Is. 6d, per quire of,26 post-free in the United Kingdom. federated United States;' liberated and united Italy ; gained All communications, exchanges, &c., to be addressed to . autonomy in Hungary ; and even in Russia they humiliated an THE MANAGER, 127 Ossulston Street, N.W. all-powerful despot,.and forced him to grant a Constitution—a very poor one, it is true. But in Germany, wi,th the model, ST The Editors are not necsssarily in agreement with signed articles' the numerous, and the revolutionary Social Democracy—what Notice to Sul^crilers—\t there is a blue mark ligaliist this notice, your sub- do we find ? “ Eve^.body knowS,'’ Says Hyndman,^" that itS scriptioii is due, and must be sent before next month to ensure receipt of paper. political forms, particularly those of Prussia, the predominant • M ■ )ney and Postal Orders should be made payable to T. H, Keell. -PS'rtner in Germany, .are quite antiquated.’ So that model political action with votmg by ballot is good for preserving “antiquated forms.” And working humanity must imitate .Social Democratic tactics ? No,'thanks; better not. Hyndman on Political Action, As in the true revolutionary political potion the people were „ . , ,,, . constantly engaged in conspiring and in the armed struggle, so , , , with Its rebellious spirit of direct action, is in the daily industrial struggle Syndicalism, with its direct rapidly gaining ground in this country. Three years ago nobody action, brought an incessant economic fight by strikes, partial except us Anarchists spoke on the subject; two years ago the or general, sympathetic or otherwise. Hyndman disapproves of ■ first Syndicalists raised their voices, and , to-day everybody is strikes, as being mostly unsuccessful and very costly, busy discussing the subject ' requiring much self-sacrifice>. But what sacrifice may be greater

every revolutionary Socialist, it seems, must be pleased Put while the Social Democratic anti-s rike and legal it is especially from would-be revoiutionary Socialists that -gways legal-electioneering creates only political and sooial

1.” ™ against “political action,,” and do not arm themselves, nor drill them the victory, for a figh-t, as in Ulster. With regard to the economic struggle by strikes, or 'even by general s'trikes, Hyndman finds that %y are only weakening and discouraging the workers. He says :— “ I have never advised a strike myself at any time...... The Strike Weapon and its Critics. because it. is not my business, to do so. [Quite right; nobody but the workers can decide a strike.]...... Because'if one-quarter The tendency of the working class to adopt the methods of ■ of the cost of strikes to^ the strikers were devoted to political direct action in .place of Parliamentary futilities is hecoming more action on definite class lines, of to the organisation of an armed, and more alarming to the capitalist class. The sympathetic force under their own control,..... enormously greater success strike is particularly, distasteful to-them, because it is the woind be achieved. ~—(Ddi y Herald^ October 20.) practical application of the principle of solidarity of Labour, Perfectly true \ armed productive classes would accomplish and may easily become the precursor of the international general much more efficacious action than a peaceful partial strike.. But strike against the-present system of society. It is becoming . with the same reason we may say that an armed uprising could increasingly difficult, in these days to isolate grqups or sections lead to much greater results than peaceful Parliamentary voting of workers,^and. to crush them in their weakness. The social years. Hyndman finds the German rebels in the ranks of thb workers carry the cry for help to their Social Der^crats the “best educated and most thoroughly trained comrades all over the land, and, as in the^ease of the locked-out people in Europe, and says their 'politico^, action on definite working >people of Dublin, the field of S3^mpathetic action cZass hnes —otherwise, peaceful Parliamentary voting—must threatens to become a wide one. To Anarchists these signs' be imitated by the workers and Socialists in all countries; and are most hopeful and arouse joyful feelings. It shows that there af the same time ho condemns Syndicalists for not using arms ! is every probability that by such means the power of the We, me revolutionary Anarchists, always were convinced that monopolists and exploiters of labour may be broken, ony by rpasses could the struggle between Capital and Naturally, the capitalist class is aunoyed by such manifesta- Labour be. fought out. But Social Democrats always were tions. Their loyal servants, the politicians of every school, are ■ heretics for this opinion. ^ ready to stem the tide of social rebellion—if they can. 'They are ■ If somebody pr(jposed that “ revolutionary’’Social Democracy all full of sympathy with the working class, but they cry*aloud should and train the members of the party, the answer in speech and print against the only useful means the workers would-be J^ent provocateur I ^ or “Dangerous lunatic! have at hand to check the rapacity and tyranny-of the employing .No other ep^hets would^ be applied to him by the orthodox class. They distort the facts by lists of enormous sums' they Xautsky, or by the revisionist Bernstein. We remember quite assert have been lost in wages, and they ascribe the suffering of well with what opprobrium the leaders and the press of the the people—normal as well as ahnCrmal, by implication—to their party loadgl our Italian* comrades for a revolutionary armed strike policy. Now, as a matter of fact, it is doubtful if a single attempt m Benevento. Nevertheless, this powerful Parliamentary penny in wages is really lost by the working class as a, whole party is looked upon by Hyndman as the model revolutionary through striking. Certainly the coal miners of this country lost '1 TTTi- ‘ 1 • ' . nothing in that way. Nor the railway men. That there was a We may ask : What revolutionary act was accomplished by temporary loss is true, but that has' been more than recovered in , bocial Democracy during the last' forty years ? None. Why do both those cases since their struggles occurred. That the Union they call themselves revolutionary ? Because they are 'in men among the London dockers have been shamefully trea);ed often imprisoned for newspaper articles? , by their employers since the failure of their last strike,,and their WeliyoppoBition does not yet mean revolution, and condemnation wives and children slowly tortured by the employers at the docks, for an article is Imown as . delit de presse.^' Real revolutionists is quite true. But that was because of the restrictions imposed were always called nGble and heroic people; the fighters and upon the strike', "particularly in its “ sympathetic ” phase, by conspirators who were risking and sacrificing their lives for ■ so-called “leaders,” ecclesiastics, and other enemies of direct

■ •k-KSI ^ I

" IsTovember, 1913, : BREEDOM. • 89

iW3tion by the workers. The suffering of the workers and their ’ with his stupid or dependent .followers, is a Parliamentary children during a strike is due in the first place to their impover- figure. Tl^ey, rely upon him for direction and‘tactics. The ^ ishment precedent to its occurrence. Secondly, the reliance of terna is out of place in the . No man could or the workers upon “ good (?) government ” and law-making has should accept the responsibility of such a position, even,were ^t very largely accounted for their own disunity,^and consequent created. The ‘‘ labour boss ” is an unpleasant creature wherever ^ _ unpreparedness for a dispute, whether long or" short.^ Lastly, he exists, whoever he is. And the, more sincere and honest he real organised action by the. working class could easily place is, the more he must regret the sad plight of the helpless their fellows beyond extreme want in any local or sectional creatures, who are without understanding and resolution of struggle, as has been proved , in some measure by .what is their own. happening at Dublin-. ' . ■ . We will have no more masters. The coming world-fight is _ ’ The bog .of Parliamentary, action has for two or three genera- fight for liberty. The seed sown in many years’endeaTOur is. tions swallowed up a vast quantity of thought and action bearing fruit. Nowhere are the signs of a good harvest more which, if applied to these problems, would have solved them, at encouraging than in the organisations of Labour. Every least .i.n their .more acute forms. As regards health, it is true encouragement should be given to the proposal 'that the that starvation is destructive, but a thorough conception of direct miners, the railway men, and the dockers should unite in a ' .action m all its fopns provides simple and easily applied great for their common cause. The working remedies for that. The workers know how to do it,‘i£ their class now recognises the necessity of such union and effort, middle-class critics do not. So far as many factory industries Anarchist Communists advocate the strike, the general strike ’.andpositivelyunhealthyoccupations are concerned, a strike often most of all, and point out to the workers the only final remedy affords an opportunity of cleansing the'workers’ bodies of the ' for the starvation and suffering which is their portion at present poisons and impurities which have entered them during their —i.e., the free common possession of the earth for all, and the period of unhealthy drudgery. At -least, the Iblessings of use of all wealth by those who labour to produce it, and make ■“ phossy-jaw” and similar advantages of “regular employment” civilised society possible. . We are only at the beginning of the cannot be ascribed to strikes. - As a worker, the present writer great battle for justice to-day, but the working class is surely, has often wondered how it is that these critics who condemn the though slowly, awakening to the fact that it may, without any ' ■ strike policy so heartily on account of the misery'and loss, as intermediaries, and without any machinery but its own, dictate , well as utter defeat, they allege it involves,' can .find it in their the terms of emancipation. Qi : , hearts to invoke its aid to back up demands for political reforms. - __ They forget then that the general strike “ will be quenched in blood,” etc Thepannot assert that they intend to wait till they MEXICO’S BATTLE-GRY :“LAND AND LIBE.RTY.’' have a rarhamentary majority and an armed-force, because It IS ' Trot' long since—in Belgium, for instance—that one section did .use it in other circumstances. t At the present^ moment interest in world-politics has ‘ shifted We often hear Social Democrats declaring'that they do not two great groups of financiers . adivooate strikes, but support them when they take place. That a f i t-v, ^ * ompany are face to face, . does seem' a'bit illogicalT and we may fairly ask them how they Pl™g® the gabions mto_war. m defence of the.r interests, can excuse themselves for assisting the workers in these actions ^ knowing the task would be a of self-injury or self-destruction. Of course,, they are really onp; but the Trusts are tired of the present situation,,and adapting the faots~to their political theories, for large numbers *heir greed for dividends is likely to force the President’s hand, unless of Social Democrats who are workmen know by experience that subdpe the rebels, which is very unlikely, as the latest strikes are a necessity in the. economic struggle. Having to news shows that they are gaining ground. , choose between a theory and.necessity is a bit of a farce. There At this interesting moment the Mexican Liberal Party have.issued I is ho choice in the ihatter; and if the Social Democrats were to pamphlet* which will give the reader a better idea of what the rebels ■ 'realise that their position is intellectually dishonest, as it is, are fighting for than all the columns of newspaper articles which have there would be an end of Social Democracy. recently appeared. . Here we see that the one object for which they . o • 1- ^ 1 1 11 strive IS the recovery of the land stolen from them under the Diaz ihe trpth is, as every Socialist knows, that profits and all regime. ■ ■ -other forms of so-called “ surplus value ” are .obtained by the Madero, who unseated Diaz, gained his position by definite exploitation of labour. The economic antagonism between the prornises to restore, the land-to the peons; but his failure to do so workers and their employers produced by this system . results in. was his undoing, and the rebels attacked him as fiercely as they had - constant friction between them. This antagonism and friction is pteylously attacked Diaz. Huerta now finds himself in the same not a matter of Parliamentary debate, heated or phOosophio, but positionj.and although he is throwing the national lands open to the a perpetual daily conflict, open or concealed, in dvery branch of his eoncession has come too late. The natives know now that industry»thxougliou); the civilised -world. The workers are *'h® State i® th® enemy, and nothing mil satisfy them but the free - obliged to resist, and sometimes are also- ambitious of obtaining by which they and their ancestors have lived for a fevv of the good things of life. , . . ^bis pamphlet consists of a series’of articles reprinted from' -But they are seeking merely to ameliorate their conditions, Regeneracioii, the orgstn of the fiexican Liberal Party. The writers and not to end them by (he complete overthrow of capitalism ” I are Ricardo Flores Magoh (now imprisoned on McNeil Island by the Don’t be hasty, Mr. Politician; you who would wait a lifetime ■ American authorities), A. de P. Araujo, and 'Wm. C. Owen, the editor for an amendment of the laws governing the registration of of the English section of the paper, whose articles *>fteek by week have Parliamentary electors, and other political husks! If you will been an inspiration to all revolutionists. Throughout this pamphlet - cease from bulldozing the workers with political mesmerism, we detestation of the State and Authority, as being the great obstacles, - will get on much faster to the Free Commonwealth. freedom, and a determination to, get back their stolen land by the Every kind of Parliamentary action has been tried already, therulers recogmse-force of arms. The reader will find, 1,.„ To™ » .r.bod» and .1 hJ.

equally failed to aid the worker^ in iheir economic struggle ^ J ^ Lmilies- ■ But always- has the union of the workers themselves and their daily bread-and this no Government can give yL. Yon your- their joint action been of advantage. Even when beaten for geikes must conquer these good things, and yon must do it by takiHg the time being, it but exhibits to them the weak places immediate possession of the land, which is the original source of all in their organisation or action, and lead^.them on to another wealth. Understand this well; no Government will be able to give fight sooner or later. And, if successful,' a great impetus is you that, for the law defends the ‘ right ’ of those -who are withholding given f,o the Labour revolt in general. Always it shows them wealth. You yourselves must take it, despite the law, despite the. their rei enemy. It proves their common interest, and the Government, despite the pretended right of property. 'You yourselves necessity of more and more solidarity.. Every time the Social must take it in,the^name of natural justice; in the naii^of the right RevolutioinSTis afforded an opportunity of pointing the moral— of every human being to life and the development of his physical anfi viz., abolish capitalism. . 'Thus, strikes are educational. intellectual powers. _ . - ■ By the way, one would like to protest against the recognition a ■ of the so-called “leader.” People are constantly complaining of

errors or treachery on the part of well-known “ leaders ” con- spreading the facts of .the Mexican situation as nected with the Labour movement. As a matter of fact, there is as possible, we have written for a supply of this pamphlet, and no such post created by any rule in England. A copies will be on she at 4d. each, postage extra. Trade Union elects and pays officials, whose duties are defined * in the rules of the society. But they are all subject to the ’ * Land and Liberty : Mexico's Battle for Economic Freedom and its^Belation to Labor's World-wide Struggle. 10c. Los Angeles, Cal. : Mexican Liberal . members—even the most autocratic of .them. The “ leader,” Party, P.0, Box 1236. ‘ ‘ 90 F'RTSEDOM. I^ovember, 1913i

.The European financiers are likely to reap a rich harvest from the SIDELIGHTS ON SOCIAL SUBJECTS. 'Balkan War, for we learn that not only the States which have ^rectly . , suffered from warfare, but those countries which, owing to hostilities, It seems inevitable that the! industrial war now being waged in were forced to take costly precautions, are about to apply to France for Dublin should let loose all the forces of reaction. We are not, therefore, a loan, the sums required running into Over .£100,000,000. Now, we surprised to learn that the priests of that city are opposed to the suppose, these bapkward Balkan‘States are to bo treated to qU the joys scheme'whereby the starving kiddies of strikers are to be fed and of industrial development, and the worker pay the usual price in order' housed by_j/mpathetic friends of freedom in Britain. Intimidation to repay the cosmopolitan vultures. When each war brings the,same has been followed by direct action on the part of the priests and their aftermath, it does seem of some importance that the causes underlying trusty henchmen, the police. The children were prevented from the outbreak of hostilities should be rightly understood by those tilled travelling with their benefactors to England, and two of the prganisors upon to pay with, their liv^ and labour. The wotuen of all countries of the scheme arrested. We welcome this open declaration of war on must realise they have a historic mission to fulfil, and refuse to provide the 'part of the religious fraternity. It, is not long ago that the Dmly food for the Juggernaut car of capitfalism ; or, bearing children, train Herald published a list of sopae of the shareholdeis ■ in the Dublin them to combat that type of patriotism which calls on the"disinherited Tramways Company. It, was then found that reverend gentlemen of worker to defend a country for the benefit of financiers, the B-oman Catbplic Church in Dublin were among the shareholders-#^ small wonder that these militant tactics should be adopted. The The members of the Women’s Co-operative Guild seem possessed Church has been surprised into showing its hand more plainly than is of that clarity of vision which we commend to the notice of Labour .customary, and is thus, by openly allying itself with “ Murphyism,” statesmen arniTothers, They have recently issued a circular strongly again demonstrating the fact that religion has ever been willing to opposing compulsory attendance at evening schools. They give as a support oppression and exploitation by its appeals to the superstitions reason that it makes an excessive .demand on the energies'of growing of the ignorant and uneducated. boys and gii-ls. The women realise that our present educational system The situation, however,4a hopeful. All that has ever been asked is entirely in the interests of the employing class. We cannot lefrain by rebels is that there should' be a fair and straight fight, and the from comparing their attitude towards education with that of some . present war in Dublin, by showing us what solidarity can achieve, is Trade Union leaders, who have consistently supported tkh retention of marking the beginning of a new era. For evqn were “ Larkinism the half-timer in the mill and factory, in opposition to those who saw apparently beaten by the forces of reaction, the moral will remain, the' in this same half-timer the greatest enemy of the adult worker. We seed sown will germinate, and the day be rhaterially hastened when all heartily wish the working women Co-operators good luck in their Ireland will be free from the curse of exploitation, campaign. . . ' '

The capitalist papers have published diplomatic articles upon the situation. In face of Sir George Askwith’s findings, it has, been' ' When a-capitalist paper describes a Labour dispute settlement as impolitic to throw the Ijlame entirely upon Larkin and other rebels. “ satisfactory,” we are not left in . ignorance as to thc! side which has A few passages culled from the Westminster Gazette.ol October 8 are of ‘he victory. This announcement was made concerning the some interest •__ ■ . recent sympathetic railway strike in Liverpool, Peacemaker J. T. “They [the employersl point out to us, what is admitted by Wiiliams being the hero of to hour, It. is now a well-known fact_ responsible iWde Unionists in England, that no ■ industry could be. that the workers in this .wd other towns concerned were deliberately conducted on the principles of Larkiuism, that the position is intolerable, hoodwinked and coerced by their oflioials That these gentry are if to“-tainted gSods’ theory is to be admitted and. the sympathetic moreasingly useful to employers appears to be borne out by^the following ' strike permitted at any moment and on any pretext in trades where paragraph m to same paper (the «c):- . ^ _ the workers have no quarrels with their own employers. It is all „ : ‘ ^h? meeting of the president. and seoretaiy of the National quite true, and it is all ihforced in the report of Sir George Askwith’s R?>l™ymen with the general managers of several, of the Commission. When the settlement comes it will have to bar the ““Ponies ik considered a very notable event by those who watch sympathetic strike, and, if nothing else were at .issue, we do not think . Labour troubles, for it is held to constitute‘recognition, ... In 1911 that this alone wonJ.d" prevent a settlement. ...'. .Whatever the atnke ^as ended by tvvo of the managers consenting at the urgent employers ,dn, to Transport Union-iwiU. coirtinue to exist in Dublin, Government, to meet the representatives of the men.” ■ but tL weight of opinion, and especially of the best Trade Union ^ reason for this tardy reqpgmtion ,,s not far to seek. When opinion,'can be brought to bear on it to abandon the sympathetic are found to be such useful sheepdogs,, surely it woul^ be a strike, if the masters will abandon an attitude which is a challenge to .. ^rujdal policy to deny recognition to any Union The whole history of 11 T 4 "^Unionists ” ^ ■ irade Uniomsm teems with examples of this character. The rebels m ^ m j TT . • X • -m 1 j» - Li c acy movement are its brain and muscle, fettered by compromise between The “ responsible Trade Unionists in England are presumably of employers. M.. B. Hope. the Philip Snowden and Kamsay MacDonald type, whose articles in the capitalist press should give Trade Unionists furiously to think. ,The outstanding fact is, of course, that the sympathetic strike means the introduction of science into industrial warfare; and its danger to capital- ' SOUth African LabOUP MoVemeilt. ism is therefore well, recogbised-by the enemy. We like the term “ best.. _ . ----- > Trade Union opinion,” and must thank the: above-mentioned Labour • Qur comrade H. Glasse, of Port Elizabeth, sends the following leaders for so opportunely hastening to .assure the employers of' their notes Tlhe movement in Jobannesburg is following the evolution I ^ disapproval of these tactics. Meanwhile we are heartened*'by the state- expected ; the more revolutionary party, fprmerly represented by the merit in the WestTninster Gazette that “ strikes and lock-outs, the origin Johannesburg Voice of Labour, w^hicb was edited by A. Crawford, who has .of which ifspon becomes impossible to trace, spread on the same recently gone to gaol for seditioh, and aided by Mrs. Mary Fitzgerald, principle threugh all the trades, and men and women who till then^ had proprietress of the Modern Press—this party hasno*^ formally declared been thought the most patient and least capable of organised joint Jqj. Syndicalism in contradiatipetion to the Parliamentary party led by action suddenly develop and begin to act upon the extremest doctrines Oresswell and Andrews,'bqth able men, but, likejbhe rest of their kind, of the advanced school of^ Labour.” Direct action scientifically applied setting more value upon forms and methods of organisation than,upon _ will thus provefthe salvation, pf the workers, despite the treachery of the end to be obtained. A prominent official in our local Labour branch ; officials and the jeremiads of Labour M.P.s. . actually told me a short -time ago that it was not advisable to tell ' ------^—■’ people too much about the goal of , but rather to get people . We congratulate the Nwjfj'agreiie on the publicity itM(as given to on'the road thereto. I replied that I considered that our policy was to the subject of venereal disease, although we disagree with the statement preach and teach the fundamental principles of Socialism, and that that votes for women will effect a remedy. Our Suffragette sisters when people were sufficiently accustomed to our ideas, and had become should know that .a political revolution alone would prove powerless to convinced of their justice and of the necessity of carrying them into check the evil they attack so vigorously. Prostitution is responsible practice, they would then of a certainty find the road'for themselves, for .the spread of venereal disease, and prostitution in turn has its But this, of course, is not a method that commends itself to candidates origin in the economic enslavement of women. It therefore follows for Parliamentary and other honours.” that an economic revolution, and not one of a purely political character, will be necessary to destroy the canker. It is useless to. argue that the vote will prove an important factor in effecting this destruction, for the PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. cause,b„ isP(W..P^ economic,-political. i. The r„.p,»i«p.i.proot cause will onlyI. .iw.,. be destroyed ...... ixr i , -n ■ . x-tr- -o -r^ -d -mt .. c

side by Side with monogamy. In Engels a “ Origin of the Eamily,' he ^’o,nan:From Judaism to Islam. By Ewaji Kamal-ud^diu. Loudon ; shows how monogamy appears as “the first form of the family, not J. S. Phillips, 99 Shoe Lane, E.C. founded on natural, but on economic conditions,—viz,, the victory of A Handbook on.the Gdnduct of Public and other Meetings. By Walter W, private property over primitive and natural Oollectivism.” _ Mattingly. 6d. net. London : Grant Eioharda. Only when an 'shall haVe destroyed all forms Cuestiones de Unschanza. .I^or-Bicardn Meila. 2Dc. ULudiii \ Acoion'Viber- of exploitation will the econom'ie ematicipation of women be possible. tono, PInrida, 14, bnjo. • ’ ,,, t. Then, and then only, will prostitution cease to exist and venereal ioung DeUnqmnts: A Stufy of'Reformatorg mid Indudnal Schools. By '• disease die out We hope that continued publicity will be given to the By, Gur i. Altod." L m'don P'Bikunin Press,, facts relating, to the'human and social organisms, for knowledge will 17 Richmond Gardena, Shepherd’s Biiah, W. prove the most powerful weapon with which to break down the old The Small Family Systetn; Is it Injurious or Immoral ? By C. V. Diysdais, traditional barriers to progress. D.Sc. (Lond.) ls.net. London: A. 0-F'Beld. , . / Kovember, 1913. IRBEDOM. . 9l '

BOOK NOTES. PROPAGANDA NOTES.

The. Science of'.Society. By Stephen Pearl Andrews. 5s,'net. London : , QLASOow.^Sinee our comrade B.arrett left Glasgow, iiroimgaiidist activities 0 W Daniel ’ ■ somewhat diimmshej; but now we have comrade W. Ponder *ith us, 'This book may'b6|correc% called an Anarchist classic, ■ £nd.

, albhoMgh.out of print.for many years past, is, in its new edition, both will be held every Sunday aftemooii tu the Jail Square at tliroe o’clock, Wo as to workmanship and nontents, an attractive kddition to the book- are also holding meetings at Dalhousie Strget on Fridays, and indoor discussions shelves of any who appreciate exact thinking. The author, Stephen s hiinself^’^Of coiu?e**^XTrc^i8^\?^t*muol”n'e'f^t ^ Pearl Andrev^, was the accredited apostle of Josiah Warren, of ubiquitous comrade black, who'attends-all meetings with the literature. On Cincinnati, U.S.A., one of the first to proclaim, even prior to !Proudh6n, Sunday afternoons Ponder has had tlic assistance of comrade A. JIackay, senr., that the necessary prerequisite to harmony in society is the recognition Max Seltzer. There liave been good crowds at all the nleotings, and at the , ^of the principle of individuality, and the sovereignty of the individual .meetings we collected 6s. 3d. and 8s. Td. for tho'Dublin . over all laws and institutions whatsoever, whmh is. of course, the fjthfaut Slrecfo:r‘o:L^:rit wlmutidt' principle ot Anarchism^ itself. Etymologically, Warren and Andrews on ‘‘The M aterialistic Coiiception of History.” There was not a vaemut seat, were not Anarchists, since they maintain that in the system of the and the discussion which followed augurs well for the success of this series during sovereignty of the individual is to be found the “ true constitution of winter. Comrade Jolm Nicholson will speak on October 26. ^ _ ■ governmenV’ but,.after all, this is merely a verbal distinction, as may discus^sions have taken place in Glasgow of late regarding the f * -J .• 'p rv .1 , VC uxouiuuwwij, tto may positioii of Aiiarcliists aud Trade Uiiionism, aud as a cousequeiicc a debate took be-^seen by a consideration oi the authors argument. Most of those place' on Tuesday evening, October 22, in the Union I-Ialls, West Nile Street, who have any experience of the movement of Anarchism can doubtless between W. Ponder and G, A. Aldred, the subject being “Should Anarchists call to mind cases of persons‘who are Anarchists especially etymo- Support Trade Unionism?” the former taking the afHnnative, the latter tlie logically but pMlosophioally only faintly so ; therefore, it is a pleasant i^^tl^J'iavg^'amUeSce relett.'Tontrin" ope.dlfg.TonS^^ 'ifwas eurprise to find an author who is especially philosophically Anarchistic possible to weri iu tlie Ujuons, so as to bring about the. thorough organisation if not exactly etymologically so. , . of the workers. He showed that Trade Uinoiis were the result of a conflict of The book is divided into two parts, the :^rst of which discusses the economic interests, aud that they largely.determined the standard of living of subject of individuality, and traces the historical progress of that the workers; that the formation of new Unions antagonistic to existing ones principle through its.develop:neBts in the movements ^flrote.tantism tat

Democracy, and Socialism, showing that the underlying -character of system; and further, he stated tliat we were compromising with the capitalist each of these movements has been “ the assertion of the supremacy of by accepting better conditions, and that he desired th,e workers to abolish the the individual—a dogma essentially contumacious, revolutionary, and "’age system,.not reform it. Ponder then asserted that to develop solidarity antagonistic to tbs l^ic prindpW of all the older in^itutipna of society, which make the individual subordinate and subject to the present conditions from aggression. - He also stafed that ideas were ,changing ' .■ Church, the State, and to society respectively.” __a., among Trade Unionists, and direct, action was becoming their watchword. The second part deals with the author’s interpretation of the views Aldred, in reply, said that if Trade Unions took uiilitaut action, they ceased to of Warren upon 'economics;, discussing such subjects as “Cost, the be Trade Unions. , In some instances, he said,* workers organised'in Trade :l T-i T • -i. j -k • » A 1 .j.- pe>i \ j '■ Unions blacklegged upon one another, and Trade Unionism made blacklegging •only Equitable Limit of Price, The ^ Adaptation of Supply to essential by organising them in crafts. When question time arrived, Ajdred Demand,” and an equitable currency, or circulating medium, which is was bombahled with questions from Trade UuioiiistSj which, I think, indi

in the good task of making Anarchists out of those who may not so Bulletin ” issued, as we think it will stimulate i)ropagaiida. readily be appealed to by the sensational .methods more generally A. Mackay, Junr. imuse, W. J. R. Huddersfield.—rOne or t;wo comrades have been active throughout the summer. From the beginning of March to the middle of October, meetings WORKERS’ FREEDOM GROUPS IN SOUTH WALES. have been held on the Market Cross every Sunday evening, with ofie exception. ,, "We do not claim to have made a, lot of Converts, but it is plain to observe that a On Thursday. October 1C. the Amraanford Group ot Anarchist Com- different attitude is taken towards Anarchist views by a.large number of ^ ..mumsU opened their new building and club, ^ known as Se Afa;:l;;st ttirfi^

‘The Cummunist Clul^’ It is a beautiful building, both inside and ou side. discussed by a group of individuals in public, it is seldoiq some one.does _ Tea, coffee, and dainty refreahmerits. were plentifully .supplied to a large not oliip in with an idea derived from the Anarchist philosophy. Which is all gathering of rebels from the surrounding villages, and the lady friends to the good. Indeed, we could produce testimonials frpui the most respectable • joined in making both the refreshment and musical parts of tlie entertain- quarters. We have done well in the sale of books, and moderately In pamphlets ment a great success. In the evening, songs, recitations, and addresses were and Freedom. About four dozen “ Conquest of Bread”"that we sold have.often thoroqghly enjoyed by about 120 people. .A discussion, took plabe, and was been the subject of appreciative remarks by the purchasers. On Sunday, both educative and interesting.' Comrade George Davison, who has liberally October J2, a parson of the Congregational faith took up the gauntlet, amj a co-operated with the comrades at Ammanford, ntadesome pointed aud telling 'dense crowd listened to a keen debate, with evident approval of the Anarchist remarks as to the need for militancy aud anti-officialism , in the organisation version. The week before that we had a wordy encounter with G. F. Jo nes and programme o( the W orkers’ Freedom Groups and the Oommumst Club. ‘ f B.S.T. billed as •'the King o Socialist Orators.’! And thus do we The discussion was animated, and many questions were put and replied to ' habitually break the monotony of workaday life, G. H. G. by the various speakers. The general distruat of “leadership” now hiet with amongst the W orkers was specially coipmented on. CowDENnEATii.—We held our 'first Francisco Ferrer commeino.ration on • ’ The workers are beginning to realise that any movement or action which Saturday, October 11. All the comrades did not turn up, owing toshort -has as its'object the trusting to intermediaries and representatives, and the notice. Nevertheless, we had. an interesting meeting, which hasrlefy us with application of palliatives, falls short of being a “ W (5rkera’ movement.” good prospects, for the cause in future. We have had discussions/on many Eight throughout the industrial eentrea of Great Britain, and particularly VVe hold a Chicago Martyrs’ oommemoratioii on Sunday, November 9, amongst the miners, this spirit of revolt and.dissatisfaction With “Idader- ui Parker s Hall, North Eoad, Cowdeiibentli, at ,2 o clock. Comrades Armstrong ship »^in all its forms is rampant. Leadership always curtails the liberty .rroHym'aSir^s ^a?e tt^iaS^y

and freedom pf the many (the productive class), and brings high salaries . j i . j aud other privileges to the few (leaders). ' It Creates a class whose interests can only be gained at the expense of those who are led. This fact is clearly^.:-^ Liverpool Communist Club. We had a great time here on Sunday, seen in tbe industrial strikes which have taken place in the last few years. , >”='5 “ f 5“"' ■ This spHit of revolt may perhapsie helped by organisation. The constitu- ^

tion and programme ^ the Wo. kers’ Freedom Groups have been shaped being youngsters of the school; and Hi the li.nited space afforded by our little upon the model of future society at winch they aim, namely, Anarchist y^,, ean imagiiie-how busy a scene it wds. It was a treat to feel tlie ■ Communism. Rooms are provided and set apart for library, study circles, atniosphere of comradeship and mutuaknid which pervaded the place. The and discussion circles. No chairman, secretary, treasurer, nor any other grown-ups found plenty of work to do in serving the kiddies with tea. When official can play any part in such an organisation, and it is the intention all had had their fill, we had a short speech, by our comrade Matt Roche'qii tlie to extend thfee groups,' either as Anarchist, Anarchist Conumunist, or Modern School. His'criticisms of priest- and jiolitician-riddeu systems of. W orkers’. Freedom Groups, and each individual to be alloiyed to express society, and particularly their effect upon the minds of the children, were himself or herself to the fullest. We hope to see, in the near future, similar greatly appreciated. We had plenty of music furnished by comrades. The institutions in some of the other mining villages around Ammanford, as well ' evening closed with a distribution of fruit to tjie kiddies, and the comrades as in other parts of the country, which will link up and co-operate with the were all delighted to liave realised for a little jvhile their ideal—^happiness. Auarchiat groups already existing. ■ The following Sunday evening we started tl.e.flrst of a series ot.aiaeussio.is Most If those present feltlery stimulated by the ^aot that Amman- ^id svTrylM .fg\‘ot”ts

ford had found at last a centre where a rebel could breathe, think, and act towards an intef'esting winter propaganda. . , ^ withou t fear being turned out by landlordism and other isms.” Jack . The School is i.i urgent need of a piano. We are at present seeking ways •Gnmths and D. R. Owen also took part m the discussion, as well as many and means of acquiring one, and will welcome assistance from comrades interested other comrades, and the general impression was that a very ^interesting in the S hool work. We wish our meetings to be as bright as possible^, By so evening had been spent. doing we can make the children happy, aud help theni'to take their part in the The comrades are starting classes, study circles, and discussions at the fight for freedom. ‘ H. Smith. club, which will continue throughout the winter; and they invite all who are interested in Anarchist prinoiples to oo,operate witb them They will yEEiiKa Suhday Scuooi, (East Loi.don),-0.i October 12 the youngsters also welcome any conirade who happens to be. m the district who will turn commemorated Ferrer's glorious death. Tarrida del Marmol gave tl.eiti a short in and spend an evening with them. The flag must be kept flying. Freedom address on the iuoideuts that occurred prior to Ferrer’s returning to Spain on and Liberty will be our war-cry, and the Communist Club will be the means the eve of his arrest. The sad leave-taking of Ferrer and his friends was vividly of extending far aud wide; the spirit of revolt against officialism , leadershib, described hy our comrade. He followed with a review of Spanish prison life and all their obnoxious consequences. We hail the day with glee. J. G. • from his own experience, and also stated the prinuiples to which Ferrer adhered. 92 iPBafeDOM. November, 1913v

Letters of greeting were rend from Mat Roche, of the Liverpool Ferrer Scliool, and also from comrade Portet, of the Modern School, Barcelona. Tlie latter piMPHLET l¥D BOOK LIST. stated that “ Ferrer’s conception of the Modern School was to try to form free and happy men ; thereford, it was against religion, Governments, and eopitalism, ^as they are the principal causes of the present misery,-oppression, and^sii-ffering ANARCHIST pOMMUNISM : Its Basis and Principl es. By Peter of thelpnnan race.” Wo were also pleased to hear that on the anniversary day a Kropotkin. Jd. , ° ' first-class Modern Day School had been started in Milan, Italy; Soon .we shall ANARCHIST. MORALITY. By Peter Kropotkin. Id. have them in all countries, and liope their existence will prove tha't Ferrer had THE WAGE SYSTEM. ^By P. Kropotkin. Id.” not lived in vain. Jack Tanner referred to his tramp abroad, and told the A TALK ,ABOUT ANARCHIST COMMUNISM BETWEEN TWO kiddies about that wonderful little country, Andorra, which lies between France WORKERS, Bt E, Malatesta. Id. ami Spain. The youngsters were highly interested in this oountiry, where it THE STATE:-Its Historic Role. By Peter Kropotkin^ 2d. approaches the Communist conception. EXPROPRIATION. By Peter Kropotkin. Id. On October 17 our comrade Griff Haddocks, a South Wales miner, spoke on DIRECT ACTION V. LEGISLATION. By J. Blair. Smith. Id. the.cause and cure of explosions in collieries, and showed that most of them' are THE SOCIAL GENERAL STRIKE. By'ARNOLD oller Id. preventable ; but profits stand in the way. To hear a miner' speaking of the ' R . -dangers'^'of his occupation greatly interested the children. THE, . PYRAMID* TTrrrt-r/-vr.Tm-»r OF TYRANNY. t. t» By-rr F. Domela Nibuwenhuis. Id.' We intend having a concert about Christmastime, and tlie dancing lads and ^AW AND AUmOEITY. Bj PETER Kropotkin, 2d. _ lassies'are preparing themselves. We need finance to get things shipshape., THE PJjACE OF ANARCHISM IN SOCIAIjISTIC EVOLUTION, Donations can b6 sent to ' * " Jimmy DicK. By Peter Kropotkin. Id. 14'6 Stepney Green, E. • * THE COMMUNE OF PARIS. By Peter Kropotkin. Id. ANARCHISM AND OUTRAGE, id. AN APPEAL TO THE YOUNG. Rt Peter Kropotkin. Id. HAokney.—Progress is rather slow in regard to the proposed establisbn\eiit of group premises. In spite of the appeal in Freedom, the only donation WAR. By Peter Kropotkin. Id. . received is from A. J. B. (Upton Park), 5s. However, we are determined to EVOLUTION AND REVOLUTION. By El iseb Reclus. Id. carry the'Scheme through, even if we .have todo.it entirely on oiir own con-' MONOPOLY; or, How ijABOUR is Robbed. Wil l iam Morris. I'd, tributions. In s]>ite of bad weather, we are still running our five open-air USEFUL WORK v.. USELESS TOIL. By Wm. Morris. Id. meetings per week, and we always get a large and attentive audience. For the THE INTERNATIONAL ANARCHIST CONGRESS, 1907. Id. benefit of those comrades who w’ouldTike to attend some of our meetings, I THE .CONCENTRATION OF CAPITAL: A Marxian Fallacy, By append a list' • W. Tchbrkesofp. Id. - • Sunday morning, 12 o’clock, Victoria Park (Bandstand). , ANARCHISTS AND ESPERANTO. Id. Sunday evening, 8 o’clock. King Edward Bead, Mare Street, Hackney. KROPOTKIN : The Man AND His Message. By T. Swan. Id. Moiiday eyeujiig, 8,30, Queen s Koad, Dalston. THE JAPANESE MABTYES. With Portrait of Kotoku. Id. Wednesday evening, 8.30, Beading Lane, Mara Street, Hackney. , ANABOTTV Rv ANTmir Otrahti id A grlurmeeH “g if’heM evWy'Thui“y All NON-GOVEBNMENTAL SOCIETY.' By Edward Carpektee. 3d., - fomrad?s airwelcon e “t "daress as under All gTATE SOCIALISM AND ANARCHISM. By Ben. R Tucker. 3d. ■ rBeTmont Goldsmitl. Eo,v. " TRADE UNIONISM AND ANARCHISM. By Jat Pox., 2d, THE CHICAGO MARTYRS. With Portraits. Id. Noiith London.—Although it is a long time since we gave a report of our group’s open-air propaganda, we have not relaxed our efforts ill spreading our MEMOIRS OF A REVOLUTIONIST. By P. Kropotkin. (American- p.rinciples. Tlianks are due to our comrades Kavanagh, Ponder, and James, and • Edition). 8s. 6d. poSt-free. • also tothelatest addition to oixi, ranks, the two Kings, for their support at our, xHE GREAT FRENCH RBYOLUTION, 1789—1793. By Pnim meetings'. -We are now beginning to see the result, as we have retaken a part of KAopotkin 6a net j ^ =gSIIS5S!:fS'fi:7 “. Thursday,'8 p.m., Gacnault Place. - - J, Walsh. New Translation. Paper 6d., Cloth Is. 6d. ; postage Hd. and 3d. ______^ FIELDS, FACTORIES AND WORKSHOPS. By Peter Kropotkin.

East Lokdok.—A highly successful meeting was held at the cornet of .1, i . -Philpot Street, Commercial Boad, on Saturday, October 18. The speakers were STATE. , By MiohAel Bakdnin, Is, net, paper ■ our comrades J. T. Bilmen, who opened the meeting,. M. Shugar, and another ‘ Yiddish speaker, ' Comrade Shugav dealt principally- witli the ritual murder ANARCHISM AND OTHER ESSAYS. By Emma Gol dman. 4s.6d.net. case-in Kussia, in which Mendel. Beilis is accused of murdering a.boy to obtain PRISON MEMOIRS OF AN ANARCHIST. By A. -Bbrkman. 6s, 6d, his blood ^for Jewish religious rites.. The audience listened for hours, the net, postage 4d. ' . • , sneaker benig applauded for the niajiner in which he exposed the criminality of ANARCHISM. By Dr. Paul EltzbacheR. 6s. 6d.; postage 4d. ' , the Bussian Government. J. T, iv NEWS FROM NOtVIIEIlB. « By- Papor vov-Cw, 1*.., cloth, 2s.; postage 2d...... ^ DREAM OF JOHN BAlLL. /By Wil l iam Morris. 2a., postage 3d. jjiriKeps j?una. FAMOUS speeches of the eight Chicago anarchists. We have received the following sums on behalf of the Dublin' Is 3d,'postage 2d. strikers, and their families, and will be pleased to receive and forward WHAT IS PROPERTY? By P. J, Proudhon. 2 vols. 2s., postage 4d. any further sums sent to us:—Already acknowledged, 3s. 6d.. List THE EGO AND HIS OWN. By Max Stirner. 2s. 6d. net. No. 1, £1 6s.; List No. 2, 14s., Mac 2s., A. M. 5s., P. S. Is. Per ENGLAND'S IDEAL. By Edward Caepbhtee. 2s. 8d. and Is., post. 3d. L. .Stdrione-D. Callaghon Is., J., OaUaghon Is., W. Walker Is., ^ YINDICATION OP NATURAL SOCIETY. 'By,EpMrraD BDME. H. Paterson 6d., W. Blair Is., A. Davison Is., A Sympathiser 6d. WALDEK. By'’^°THokEAn.^'*ls. and 6d:, Do.stage 2d. and Id.

____ _ THE ORIGIN AND IDEALS OF THE MODERN SCHOOL. By MONTHLY ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. Francisco Ferrer. Cloth 9d. net, paper 6d. net, postage 2d. FRANCISCO FERRER : His Life, Work, and Martyrdom. Is. net. - , (October 2—October 30.) free POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. By L. Spooner. Is. net. Prf.bdom Guarantee F^nd.—B. Corio Is 6d,^1^. £1, G. D. £5, W. Ms. Is; SYNDICALISM AND THE COOPERATIVE- COMMONWEALTH, B. Avis 6s, H. Glasse 5s. ' . By E. Pataud and E. Pougbt. . Cloth 3.^. 6d. net, paper 2s. '6d. net. Freedom Su&scnp^ions.—J. Gambera Is 8d, H. Block (4 subs.) 6s, “Brihwiba”: LIBERTY AND THE GREAT LIBERTARIANS. Compiled by Is 6d, C. Cescinsky-3a, E. Griffiths Is 6d, H‘. Y. R. Is 6d, E. P. T. 'ls 6d, ' ' ’ C. T. Sprading. Gs. 61. net, postage 4d. F. .Cobb 2s, W. Ms. Is6d, 'W. Fanner Is 6d, R. Avis 2s, A. Perkins Is 6d. THE SCIENCE OF SOCIETY. By Stephen POarl Andrews. 5s. net. Pamphlet Printing Fxmd.—Essex Is 6d, B. Avis 3s, Gateshead Group (per * ' G. W. Tind’ale) 5s 6d. • , ' . ' _ For a Comrade.—0. IC. (Manchester) 2s 6d. All orders, with cash, should be sent to ' Freedom Press, l27 Ossulston Street, London, N.W. ' GLASGOW ANARCHIST GROUP. « , A Chicago Martyrs Commemoration Meeting will be held at FREEDOM MAY BE OBTAINED of Union Halls, West Nile Street, Glasgow, on Sunday, November 9, London.—Hendersons, 66 Charing Cross Road, W.G. (W holesale). 7 p.m. Speakers—W. Ponder, J. McAra, A. Maokay, and others. ‘ W. Reeves, 83, Charing Crosa Road, W. COWDENBEATH (FIFE) GEOUP, 0. Mathias, 20, Little Pfilteney Street, W.. A Chicago Martyrs Comi?iemoration Meeting will be held on , B. Rdderman, 71 Hanbury Street, Spitelfields, E, Sunday, Novembef 9, at Parker’s Hall, North Koad. Chmmence J. J. Jaques, 191 OkUStreet, City Road, E.C. at 2 o’clock. Oomrades and sympathisers heartily invited.______Quiokpalls, 238 York Road, and 61 High Street, Battersea, S.W. IsENBURG, Cleveland Street, W. . ' BIBMINGHAM.—Group meetings will be held at the Coffee House, A. Toleman, 64 Battersea Rise, S.W’'. 7 .Bull Ring, on November 9 and 23, at 6 p.m. Coharades only. Stevens, 66 High Street, Islington. Golub, 10 -Osborne Street, W hitechapel, , Lectures will be given at 7 p.m. All are welcome.—0. Maktens, SuoARMAN, 329a, Mile End Road,. E. . 35.6 Lower High Street, West-Bromwich. J. Yates, 114 High Road, W ilksdeii Green, N.W. FULHAM INDIVIDUALIST GROUP.—Open-air meetings are held Liverpo?!.—K ^GSMiLtlse RoAdfw

on Saturdays, 8 p.m., at Walliam Grove, Walham Green; and on, ' Chas. J. Grant and Son, 8 and 9 Lord Street Arcade. Sundays, 11 a.m., at the Grove, Hammersmith. Visitors are . . Stanley’s, 30 Lime,Street.

_WE WAKT TO PXTEOHASE : reToTk K'‘co?nefjLosvenor Street. .

“In Russian and. Frencll Prisons,” by P. Kropotkin.—-- Yeovil—W. K. Fowler, 5 Sherborne Road. . ' State price and condition to Manager; Freedom Press,' 127 Ossulston Dublin—J. 0. Kearney, S9 Upper Stephen Street. Street, London, N.'W. Printed and publiahod by T. H. Kebll, 127 Oasuleton Street, Lon'flon, N.W.