A Paródia Do Drama Shakespeariano Como Evolução Das Histórias Em Quadrinhos

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A Paródia Do Drama Shakespeariano Como Evolução Das Histórias Em Quadrinhos LEONARDO VINICIUS MACEDO PEREIRA AI DE TI, YORICK BROWN: A PARÓDIA DO DRAMA SHAKESPEARIANO COMO EVOLUÇÃO DAS HISTÓRIAS EM QUADRINHOS Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Viçosa, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, para obtenção do título de Magister Scientiae. VIÇOSA MINAS GERAIS – BRASIL 2015 Ficha catalográfica preparada pela Biblioteca Central da Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Câmpus Viçosa T Pereira, Leonardo Vinícius Macedo, 1981- P434a Ai de ti, Yorick Brown : a paródia do drama shakespeariano 2015 como evolução das histórias em quadrinhos / Leonardo Vinícius Macedo Pereira. – Viçosa, MG, 2015. viii, 124f. : il. (algumas color.) ; 29 cm. Inclui anexos. Orientador: Sirlei Santos Dudalski. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Referências bibliográficas: f.105-115. 1. Literatura comparada. 2. Literatura - Adaptação. 3. Histórias em quadrinhos. 4. Paródia. 5. Shakespeare, William,1564-1616 . I. Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Departamento de Letras. Programa de Pós-graduação em Letras. II. Título. CDD 22. ed. 809 LEONARDO VINICIUS MACEDO PEREIRA AI DE TI, YORICK BROWN: A PARÓDIA DO DRAMA SHAKESPEARIANO COMO EVOLUÇÃO DAS HISTÓRIAS EM QUADRINHOS Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Viçosa, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, para obtenção do título de Magister Scientiae. APROVADA: 13 de março de 2015. __________________________ __________________________ Fulvio Torres Flores Nilson Adauto Guimarães da Silva ____________________________ Sirlei Santos Dudalski (orientadora) Para Moacy, Jack e Stan, operários de maravilhas. ii Some people will say, “Why read a comic book? It stifles the imagination. If you read a novel you imagine what people are like. If you read a comic, it’s showing you.” The only answer I can give is, “You can read a Shakespeare play, but does that mean you wouldn’t want to see it on the stage?” - Stan Lee, em entrevista para o Denver Post, maio de 2013 iii AGRADECIMENTOS À Sirlei, pela boa vontade demonstrada desde o literal primeiro minuto, pela dedicação materna na orientação, por fazer jus à lendária fama de exigente, pela sinceridade tanto do elogio quanto da bronca, pelos livros emprestados às dezenas, pelos e-mails respondidos prontamente e também pelos que continham links preciosos, pelas boas conversas e risadas junto ao Reginaldo e à Nina, pelas pizzas e tapiocas para compensar o inacreditável ângulo ascendente da rua e, acima de tudo, pela amizade. Aos professores Nilson Adauto e Fulvio Torres Flores, por aceitarem o convite de participar da banca, pela disponibilidade e interesse de lidar com o assunto em questão e principalmente pelo fato de terem lido, em adição ao já extenso trabalho, mais de 1500 páginas de quadrinhos no processo. O mesmo agradecimento se estende aos professores Gerson Roani e Adélcio de Sousa, por participarem como suplentes da defesa. Aos professores do mestrado – Ângelo de Assis, Elisa Lopes, Joelma Siqueira e Luiz Carlos, além dos supracitados Gerson, Nilson e Sirlei – importantes cada um a seu modo pelo direcionamento do que veio a se tornar este trabalho graças às suas lições. Ao Pai e à Mãe, pelo incentivo, pelos esforços desmedidos, pelo orgulho, pelo exemplo, pela compreensão, pelo acolhimento, por toda a ajuda, pelos “preocupa não, a gente dá um jeito”, pelos parabéns, pelo consolo, pela presteza, pela reza, pelos “vai dormir, pelo amor de Deus, são quatro e meia da manhã” e pelo arroz com alegria e panquecas. À Lu e ao Betto, por serem os melhores irmãos que um sujeito pode querer - independente do fato de que são casados um com o outro - pelas conversas, por colocarem pilha, pelo apoio nos momentos que nem vale a pena lembrar e pelas gargalhadas naqueles que são inesquecíveis, pelos lanches, pelo encorajamento, pelas piadas internas, pelas caronas e pelos potrinhos. À Bia, pelo amor, pela preocupação, pelo porto seguro, pelo carinho, pelas crises de riso, por ser o adulto responsável da dupla, pelo seu sorriso, por conhecer seu gado, pela inspiração, pelo Rafa, por ter ido embora e ter voltado, por ter resistido e superado, por acreditar, por aquela sua cara de descrença geralmente seguida de uma gargalhada minha, por nunca deixar de me surpreender, pela tranquilidade, pelo seu potencial inacreditável, pelos “homessa!”, pela ametista, pelos dois ramos da sua família e por ouvir estrelas. iv À Cláudia, a antítese de todas as histórias de sogras, por me presentear com um livro – entre tantos, frutos de uma mudança que nem houve – que calhou de mudar todo o direcionamento dado a este trabalho, fazendo com que se tornasse efetivamente possível. Ah, e pela Bia também, claro. À Márcia, pela amizade inoxidável e inexorável, pela torcida, por Firefly, por ser toda ouvidos, pelos “e você esperava algo diferente?”, por ser incansável quando se trata de ajudar, pelo otimismo, pela prontidão, por sempre ter razão até mesmo quando não tem, pela tansice e pelo tráfico de livros, quadrinhos e outros materiais oriundos das áreas mais favorecidas do país, mesmo às custas dos inevitáveis “como vocês não têm isso aí?”. Ao mestre Waldomiro Vergueiro, por um de seus artigos que me caiu em mãos de uma forma inesperada e que acabou tornando-o um dos principais culpados por eu voltar à vida acadêmica, acusação que rendeu uma bela risada ao próprio quando o conheci pessoalmente um par de anos depois. Aos colegas do mestrado pelos momentos preciosos, longas discussões, boas gargalhadas, demorados cafés, curiosas histórias de bastidores, brindes internos, trocadilhos hilários e por relevarem apresentações de quinze minutos que duravam uma hora e quarenta. À Adriana, por ser a eficiência em pessoa, o coração do programa de mestrado e por sua inacreditável capacidade de resolver qualquer problema, nem que para isso seja preciso se passar pela mãe dos outros ao telefone para solucionar um entrave burocrático. Ao Tom e à Janis, pelo companheirismo dos horários mais improváveis, por serem um par de obras de arte ambulantes e ronronantes e também por provarem a noção de que vale muito mais investir em ração e areia do que em terapia. Aos meus bons amigos, que sabem o uso parcimonioso que eu faço dessa palavra, tão raros e preciosos quanto um First Folio. A todos aqueles a figurar nos créditos das histórias que ajudaram a mostrar o meio fascinante que os quadrinhos podem ser. Ao Bardo, por sua obra que irá nos interessar e intrigar por mais numerosos séculos. E a Deus, que está vendo e permitindo. O resto é silêncio. v SUMÁRIO RESUMO .................................................................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... viii INTRODUÇÃO – Literatura, quadrinhos e entrementes ....................................................... 1 CAPÍTULO 1 – Shakespeare, Hamlet e seu legado ............................................................... 11 1.1 O Bardo por trás das histórias ....................................................................................... 12 1.2 - Camadas de textos ........................................................................................................ 19 1.3 - Príncipe da Dinamarca, herdeiro da humanidade .................................................... 24 CAPÍTULO 2 – Shakespeare em quadrinhos e através dos quadrinhos ............................. 31 2.1 – Argumentista e coadjuvante de luxo .......................................................................... 32 2.2 – O pioneirismo do Japão ............................................................................................... 35 2.3 - Shakespeare, personagem de gibi ............................................................................... 38 CAPÍTULO 3 – A Era Marvel: narrativas e temáticas literárias nos gibis ......................... 45 3.1 O nascimento e apogeu do meio ..................................................................................... 46 3.2 A sedução do inocente ..................................................................................................... 49 3.3 Nasce um universo .......................................................................................................... 53 3.4: Os quadrinhos após a Marvel ....................................................................................... 59 3.5 Nos bastidores, também estava o Bardo ....................................................................... 65 CAPÍTULO 4 – Y: O Último Homem versus Hamlet ........................................................... 73 4.1: O último homem da Terra ............................................................................................ 74 4.2 - Y: o Último Hamlet? ..................................................................................................... 84 CONCLUSÃO – Literatura, quadrinhos e horizontes .......................................................... 96 REFERÊNCIAS ...................................................................................................................... 105 ANEXOS .................................................................................................................................. 116 vi RESUMO PEREIRA, Leonardo Vinícius Macedo, M.Sc., Universidade Federal de Viçosa, março de 2015. Ai de ti, Yorick Brown: a paródia do drama shakespeariano como evolução das histórias em quadrinhos.
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