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Amhara National Regional State Food Security Research Assessment Report

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Amhara National Regional State Food Security Research Assessment Report AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE FOOD SECURITY RESEARCH ASSESSMENT REPORT Prepared by USAID Collaborative Research Support Programs Team May 2000 AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE FOOD SECURITY RESEARCH ASSESSMENT Executive Summary USAID/Ethiopia has signed an agreement production of field and horticultural crops, to assist the Government of Ethiopia, in livestock and apiculture. It also looked at particular the Amhara Regional Authority, technology related to the seed industry, to design activities that will result in agroclimatic analysis, watershed manage- increased rural income, and thereby ment, soil erosion and fertility, food increase food security. An important goal science, socio-economic factors, and the of the agreement is to increase rural structure of the research system. incomes through participatory agricultural research, giving technology users an It is clear that land degradation from important say in technology development, overgrazing, soil erosion, deforestation, and transforming a top-down, supply and cultivation of steep, fragile lands has driven technology transfer system to a resulted in loss of biodiversity, bottom-up, demand-driven one. productivity, stability, and resiliency in the region. In the three ANRS research To this end, USAID/Ethiopia requested centers the team visited, the staff is young field support from USAID’s Washington and enthusiastic. They expressed the Global Bureau’s Collaborative Research need for more senior and experienced Support Programs. A ten-member inter- scientists who would provide leadership disciplinary team was convened to conduct and guidance to them and the overall an assessment into the availability of research programs. The research staff are technology in the region and the capacity also constrained by inadequate facilities, of regional research centers to generate equipment, and supplies. The research and disseminate technology. This report capability needs to be strengthened in outlines the team’s findings and suggests several ways, including increasing the an action plan designed to strengthen the research efficiency of the current system, research component of the agreement. along with strategic expansion and The action plan is followed by a set of upgrading of the centers. In general, the anticipated results that should contribute to efficiency of current research investments the attainment of food security in the should be addressed first, followed by region. upgrading and expansion. Unless this situation is corrected, the lack of adequate Assessment. Forty-eight of the 105 research capabilities will continue to be a woredas of the Amhara region are bottleneck for attainment of food security. drought-prone and suffer from frequent food shortages. Many households are The extension capabilities for the transfer only able to produce sufficient food to of technology packages are organ- meet their food requirements for less than izationally in place, and the research six months of the year. centers are relatively well staffed. However, considerable capability building The team assessed the availability of is required to upgrade the technological technology in the region and the capacity expertise of the extension staff, as well as of those present to generate and subject-matter specialists and develop- disseminate technology in furthering the ment agents. The extension staff need i much more technical support and research region initiate a plan to prepare a high information if they are to be more effective resolution, geo-referenced data base that in their work. characterizes the socioeconomic and biophysical conditions down to the village Immediate Action. Based on the level. This human and natural resource assessment, the team formulated a data base is needed to transfer successful research action plan that would contribute technologies discovered through to the reversal of the current situation and participatory adaptive research to other set in motion advancement toward food similar locations where they are likely to security. The first action deals with succeed. Without this spatial data base, institutionalizing an adaptive, participatory technology will continue to be transferred research methodology in which by slow, expensive and unreliable trial- researchers, members of the extension and-error methods. service, and households have equal say in setting research priorities. This action The urgency of the situation, however, will ensure that efforts of research and requires that immediate action be taken to extension personnel are demand-driven, lessen long standing food security rather than supply-driven as it is now. This constraints with readily available research approach should be initiated technologies. For this purpose, a list of immediately and be ready for imple- technologies for early on-farm testing is mentation in the coming cropping season. provided. These technologies address problems which farm households have The second action is designed to provide repeatedly cited as causes of crop training, mentoring, and higher education failures. It is expected that as farmers, opportunity for a young and inexperienced researchers, and development agents research staff. Isolation from the global work together to test technologies, many research community, in general, and the more existing technologies will be found regional and national research centers, in suitable for local adoption. particular, makes it impossible for researchers to apply existing and new Technical Assistance. The regional technologies in the region. The research research units will require additional libraries are virtually empty and support to conduct on-farm testing of the telephones are rare. To rectify this listed technologies. In particular, the situation, the team recommends the third young staff can benefit from working with action, the installation of a modern experienced researchers invited to information, computer, and commun- participate in the implementation of the ication system to link every research on-farm trials. Such senior researchers center in the region to every other regional can be invited from national and center and to the national and global international research organizations, research community. including USAID supported Collaborative Research Support Programs, which are The fourth action calls for modernizing designed to participate in these kinds of the research laboratories and equipment, activities. and making provisions for timely replacement of parts and supplies, and Results. Assuming that all components the fifth action recommends that the for attaining food security are in place, the ii action plan for research proposed above as reforestation, erosion control, should result in attainment of four increased biodiversity, water harvesting, conditions that define sustainable and elimination of over-grazing can agroecosystems. The verifiable indicators measurably increase resiliency. Indicators of the four conditions are: of resiliency include reduced sediment load in the Blue Nile and its tributaries, 1. Increased productivity, which refers to increased biodiversity in field crops, trees increased yields and increased income and livestock, and expanded reforested per unit input of land, labor, and capital. areas and reduced hectares of Yields and income are the indicators of overgrazed land. this condition. 4. Increased equitability, which refers to 2. Increased stability, which refers to the the equal sharing of benefits derived from reduction in wide yield and income the agroecosystem. The benefits should fluctuation or feast to famine cycles. include access to adequate amounts of Risk-minimizing technologies identified nutritious food through household through participatory, adaptive research production and/or purchases. Two will contribute to increased stability of the indicators measure the status of Amhara region agroecosystems. The equitability. These measures are the verifiable indicator of increased stability is mean household incomes and its a decline in the coefficient of variation in variance. The aim is to achieve high the year-to-year fluctuation in yield and means and low variances which income. translates to high income, reduction in the number of poor households and a 3. Increased resiliency, which refers to general improvement in the quality of life the capacity of the agroecosystem to for members of the population that have withstand and recover from stresses and traditionally suffered chronic poverty. perturbations imposed on the system by humans and natural events. Actions such iii iv TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 SCOPE OF WORK ..........................................................................................................................1 1.1 Scope ........................................................................................................................................1 1.2 Deliverable ................................................................................................................................1 2.0 ASSESSMENT METHODS..............................................................................................................2 3.0 CONTEXT OF FOOD SECURITY IN THE AMHARA REGION ......................................................3 4.0 SUMMARY ASSESSMENT..............................................................................................................4 4.1 Diversification of Productive Activities ......................................................................................5
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