CORIARIACEAE

马桑科 ma sang ke Min Tianlu (闵天禄 Ming Tien-lu)1; Anthony R. Brach2 Shrubs decumbent or subshrubby herbs; branchlets ribbed. Leaves opposite or verticillate, entire; stipules caducous, minute. Flowers small, bisexual or unisexual, solitary or arranged in a raceme. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, valvate, smaller than sepals, fleshy, keeled within, enlarged and enclosing carpels after anthesis and forming a pseudodrupe. Stamens 10 in 2 series, free and opposite to petals; anthers exserted, large, 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent. Carpels 5–10, free; ovary superior; ovule 1 per locule, pendulous, anatropous; styles 5, free, linear; stigma recurved. Pseudodrupe (capsule) oblate, red to black when mature; endosperm thin or absent, embryo erect. One genus and ca. 15 species: China and Himalayan region to Japan, Philippines, and Pacific islands (New Zealand); Central and South America (Mexico to Chile), Mediterranean region; three species in China. Ming Tien lu. 1980. Coriariaceae. In: Cheng Mien & Ming Tien lu, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(1): 62–66.

1. CORIARIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1037. 1753.

马桑属 ma sang shu Morphological characters and geographical distribution are the same as those of the family. 1a. Subshrubby herbs; inflorescence terminal ...... 3. C. terminalis 1b. Shrubs; inflorescence axillary. 2a. Leaf blade elliptic or broadly elliptic, apex acute; male flower with sterile pistils ...... 1. C. nepalensis 2b. Leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate; male flower without sterile pistils ...... 2. C. intermedia

1. Coriaria nepalensis Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 67. 1832. mm, stigma purplish red. Fruit red to dark purple or purplish black when mature, subglobose, 4–6 mm in diam. Seeds ovoid- 马桑 ma sang oblong. Fl. Feb–May, fr. May–Aug. 2n = 40. Coriaria kweichowensis Hu; C. sinica Maximowicz; Mor- Thickets, mountain slopes; 200–3200 m. Gansu, Guangxi, Gui- us calva H. Léveillé. zhou, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Shrubs decumbent, 1.5–2.5 m tall, with horizontally Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. spreading branches; branchlets tetragonous or narrowly 2. Coriaria intermedia Matsumura, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 12: 62. 4-winged; young branches purplish red, puberulent or glabres- 1898. cent; old branches purplish brown, with clearly prominent 台湾马桑 lenticels; bud scales purplish red, ovate or ovate-triangular, 1–2 tai wan ma sang mm, membranous, glabrous. Leaves opposite; petiole purple, Coriaria japonica A. Gray subsp. intermedia (Matsumura) 2–3 mm, puberulent, inflated into pad at base; leaf blade elliptic T. C. Huang; C. summicola Hayata. or broadly elliptic, 2.5–8 × 1.5–4 cm, papery to thinly leathery, both surfaces glabrous or puberulent on midrib and lateral veins, Shrubs small, 1–2 m tall, much branched; branchlets pur- 3-veined to apex, veins raised abaxially, slightly impressed plish red, 4-angled, lenticular-lenticellate; bud scales ovate, 2–3 adaxially, base rounded, margin entire, apex acute. Inflores- mm, membranous. Leaves opposite; petiole to 1–2 mm, inflated cences axillary. Male inflorescence 1.5–2.5 cm, densely multi- into pad at base; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, (2.5–)3.5–6.5(–7) × florous, flowers opening before leaves, rachis glandular puberu- (1–)1.3–2.2(–3) cm, membranous or papery, both surfaces gla- lent; bracts and bracteoles ovate-orbicular, ca. 2.5 × 2 mm, brous, 3-veined to apex, veins raised abaxially, slightly im- membranous, translucent, concave, margins fringed denticulate pressed adaxially, lateral veins slightly impressed adaxially, base upward; pedicel ca. 1 mm, glabrous; sepals ovate, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin entire, apex acuminate. mm, margins translucent, fringed denticulate; petals ovate, very Raceme axillary, 2–4 cm, with numerous triangular bud scales at small, ca. 0.3 mm; filaments linear, ca. 1 mm, elongating in an- base. Pedicel 2–3 mm. Sepals ovate-orbicular, ca. 2.5 × 2 mm, thesis, 3–3.5 mm, anthers oblong, ca. 2 mm; sterile pistils small. margin fringed denticulate at apex, apex obtuse. Petals linear- Female inflorescence with flowers opening at same time that oblong, small, 0.5–1 × ca. 0.5 mm. Filaments linear, ca. 5 mm, leaves appear, 4–6 cm, rachis glandular puberulent; bracts inflexed; anthers linear-oblong, ca. 2.5 mm. Female flowers purplish, ca. 4 mm; pedicel 1.5–2.5 mm; sepals same as in male with or without sterile stamens; carpels 5, laterally compressed, flower; petals small, fleshy; stamens short, filaments ca. 0.5 mm; auriculate, ca. 0.7 × 0.5 mm, adaxially ± united at middle part; carpels 5, compressed, auriculate, ca. 0.7 × 0.5 mm, styles ca. 1 styles erect, ca. 1 mm; stigma pink, ca. 1.5 mm. Fruit red when

1 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, People’s Republic of China. 2 Missouri Botanical Garden c/o Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-2094, U.S.A.

333 334 CORIARIACEAE

mature, globose, 3–4 mm in diam. Fl. Jan–Apr, fr. May–Nov. 2n dular pubescent, basally (3–)5–9-veined, base cordate and semi- = 40. amplexicaul or subrounded, margin glandular ciliate, apex acute or rounded, mucronate at tip. Raceme terminal, 12.5–21 cm; Forests, thickets; below 2500 m. Taiwan [Philippines]. rachis purplish red, white glandular pilose. Flowers small, uni- 3. Coriaria terminalis Hemsley, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 23: t. 2220. sexual and plant monoecious; bracts purple, lanceolate, 3–4 mm. 1892. Pedicel 3–6 mm, elongated to 1.2 cm at fruiting, glandular pi- lose. Sepals broadly ovate, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, 2.5–3 × 草马桑 cao ma sang 1.3–2.5 mm, outside grayish white puncticulate, margins trans- Coriaria terminalis var. xanthocarpa Rehder & E. H. Wil- lucent, apex acuminate or acute. Petals ovate, small, 1–1.5 × ca. son. 0.6 mm, fleshy, enlarged after anthesis. Filaments linear, ca. 0.8 mm; anthers oblong, 2–2.5 mm. Carpels 5, laterally compressed, Herbs subshrubby, 0.5–1 m tall; branches few; branchlets ca. 1 mm; styles short; stigma ca. 2 mm. Fruit purplish red to tetragonous or slightly narrowly winged, purplish glandular black when mature, 2.5–3 mm in diam. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep. pubescent. Leaves sessile or shortly petiolate; leaf blade: lower 2n = 40. ones broadly ovate or almost orbicular, 4–6(–7.5) × 3–5 cm, upper ones or those on lateral branches ovate-lanceolate or ob- Thickets on mountain slopes; 1800–3700 m. W Sichuan, S and SE long-lanceolate, 2.5–4 × ca. 1.5 cm, papery, both surfaces glan- Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal].