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Pre-Feasibility Study on the Listing of Biosphere Reserves in Botswana

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Pre-Feasibility Study on the Listing of Biosphere Reserves in Botswana Pre-feasibility study on the listing of Biosphere Reserves in Botswana June 2014 Prepared by Centre for Applied Research for National MAB Committee Botswana & the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation Prefeasibility study for Biosphere Reserves in Botswana Contents List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................... 3 List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... 3 List of Boxes ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 4 Exchange Rate ......................................................................................................................................... 4 List of abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ 5 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 6 2 The Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme .................................................................................. 8 2.1 The global programme ............................................................................................................ 8 2.2 The southern African Programme......................................................................................... 10 3 Examples of international biosphere reserves relevant to Botswana .......................................... 12 4 Benefits of biosphere reserves and comparison with other global certification programmes .... 15 5 Identification and initial ranking process of potential Botswana Biosphere Reserve sites .......... 18 5.2 Synopsis of possible BR sites ................................................................................................. 19 5.2.1 Greater Gaborone ......................................................................................................... 19 5.2.3 Makgadikgadi Wetlands ................................................................................................ 20 5.2.4 Southern Sua Pan .......................................................................................................... 21 5.2.5 Northern Forest Reserves ............................................................................................. 22 5.2.6 Botswana part of the Kalahari Transfrontier Park and surrounding area .................... 22 5.2.7 Okavango Delta Ramsar Site ......................................................................................... 23 5.2.8. Khutse Game Reserve – Western Kweneng .................................................................. 23 5.3 Ranking of the sites ............................................................................................................... 25 6 Description of the preferred BR site: Makgadikgadi wetlands ..................................................... 29 6.1 Background assessment ........................................................................................................ 29 6.1.1 Biophysical characteristics ............................................................................................ 29 6.1.2 Socio-economic characteristics ..................................................................................... 33 6.1.3 Governance/Management Framework ........................................................................ 33 6.2 Stakeholder consultations .......................................................................................................... 35 6.2.1 Introduction and scope ................................................................................................. 35 6.2.2 Stakeholders’ views....................................................................................................... 36 6.2.3 General views ................................................................................................................ 37 6.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 37 7 Summary, conclusions and recommendations ............................................................................. 38 7.1 Review of potential BR sites ................................................................................................. 38 7.2 Pre-feasibility assessment for nomination of the Makgadikgadi wetlands as a BR ............. 39 7.3 BR related activities for other potential BR sites .................................................................. 41 References ............................................................................................................................................ 42 2 | P a g e Prefeasibility study for Biosphere Reserves in Botswana Annex I: Terms of Reference for a Prefeasibility Study on UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in Botswana 44 Annex II: List of people participating in community consultations, April 2014. ................................... 46 Annex III: Schedule of Makgadkgadi wetlands local consultations ...................................................... 48 Annex IV: List of important support documents................................................................................... 49 Annex V: Makgadikgadi wetlands BR listing endorsements ................................................................. 50 List of Tables Table 1: Criteria for BR site ranking and weights used. ........................................................................ 25 Table 2: Unweighted criteria scores by potential BR site ..................................................................... 26 Table 3: An overview of the villages under each cluster: ..................................................................... 35 List of Figures Figure 1: An indicative outline of the boundaries of the eight potential biosphere reserves. ............ 19 Figure 2: Ranking of the BR site options (1 = highest scores; 8 is lowest scores) ................................ 27 Figure 3: Provisional Makgadikgadi wetland area ................................................................................ 30 Figure 4: Land use in the Makgadikgadi wetlands ................................................................................ 30 List of Boxes Box: 1: Designation procedure for biosphere reserves ......................................................................... 9 3 | P a g e Prefeasibility study for Biosphere Reserves in Botswana Acknowledgements This study has been carried out by a team of the Centre for Applied Research CAR (Batsumi Rankokwane, Jaap Arntzen and Kabelo Senyatso) with valuable inputs and contributions to this report by Thomas Schaaf of Terra-Sana Environmental Consulting. The study has been financed by the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN). The authors are grateful to the National Man and Biosphere Committee (NMABC), chaired by Moemi Batshabang, for their guidance on this assignment. We are indebted to the Department of Environmental Affairs for their large support during the community consultations. We thank the local community cluster representatives from across the Makgadikgadi, and chiefs of Nata, Mosu, and Rakops for hosting our community consultations, and for their inputs. Similarly, we would like to thank other contributors such as BotAsh, Debswana, and various committees dealing with the Makgadikgadi wetlands. The contributions of so many institutions and individuals demonstrate the interest in and support for the biosphere listing process in Botswana. Exchange Rate 6th of May 2014; www.fx.rate.net BWP 1 = Euro 0.0825658 BWP 1 = US$ 0.1149 BWP 1 = Rand 1.19686 4 | P a g e Prefeasibility study for Biosphere Reserves in Botswana List of abbreviations AfriMAB African Man and Biosphere Programme BfN Federal Agency for Nature Protection (German Government) BR Biosphere Reserve CAR Centre for Applied Research CBNRM Community Based Natural Resources Management CBO Community Based Organisation DDP District Development Plan DLUPU District Land Use Planning Unit GIZ German Agency for International Cooperation IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature MAB Man and Biosphere Programme MIC MFMP Implementation Committee MFMP Makgadikgadi Framework Management Plan MWMC Makgadikgadi Wetland Management Committee NDP National Development Plan NMABC National MAB Committee ODMP Okavango Development Management Plan PA Protected Area TAC Technical Advisory Committee ToR Terms of Reference UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization WMA Wildlife Management Area 5 | P a g e Prefeasibility study for Biosphere Reserves in Botswana 1 Introduction According to the Terms of Reference (ToR) for this study (Annex 1), the overall objective of the prefeasibility study is ‘’to support the National Man and Biosphere (MAB) Committee in order to identify the potential for the establishment of iosphere Reserves (R) in otswana’’/ The specific objectives of the prefeasibility study include: a. Screening and ranking of potential sites for Biosphere Reserves on the basis of defined criteria; b. Introduction of
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