A Mathematical Journal
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ISSN 0716-7776 VOLUME 15, No 01 2 0 1 3 Cubo A Mathematical Journal "Dedicated to Professor Gaston M. N'Guérékata on the occasion of his 60th birthday". G u e s t E d i t o r s Claudio Cuevas Bruno de Andrade Jin Liang Universidad de La Frontera Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Faculdad de Ingeniería, Ciencias y Administración Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza Departamento de Matemática y Estadística Departamento de Matemática Temuco - Chile Recife - Brazil CUBO A Mathematical Journal Bruno de Andrade (bruno0*luis@g+ail.co+) Editor in Chief (UFPE-Brazil) Claudio Cuevas ([email protected]) Emeritus Editor (UFPE-BR)/ !) C´esar Burgue˜no ([email protected]) Managing Editor (UFRO-CH !E) "os´e!abrin (#[email protected]) $ec%nical &u''ort EDITORIAL BOARD Agarwal R. P. Ladas Gerry Ambrosetti Antonio Li Peter Anastassiou George A. Moslehian M. S. Arad Tzvi Nagel Rainer Avramov Luchezar Nirenberg Louis Benguria Ra ael Pet!ov "esselin Bollob#as B#ela Pinto Manuel Burton T.A. Ramm Ale$ander G. %ardoso &ernando Rebolledo Rolando %arlsson Gunnar Robert 'idier %uevas %laudio S#aBarreto Antonio (c!mann )ean Pierre Shub Michael (laydi Saber Simis Aron (snault *#el+ene S,-ostrand )ohannes &omin Sergey Stanley Richard .alai Gil Tian Gang .ohn )ose/h ). 0hlmann Gunther .urylev 1aroslav "ainsencher 2srael The Department of Mathematics of the Universidad de La Frontera Temuco-Chile and the De- partment of Mathematics of the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife-Brazil, edit CUBO, A Mathematical Journal. CUBO appears in three issues per ear and is indexed in ZentralBlatt Math., Mathematical Reviews, MathSciNet and Latin 'ndex# CUBO publishes original research papers, preferably not longer than )* printed pages, that contain substantial mathematical results in all branches of pure and applied mathematics. CUBO (ISSN 0716-7776) Editorial Office: Departamento de Matem´atica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, CEP 50740-540, Recife-PE., Brazil, [email protected]. CUBO A Mathematical Journal EDITORIAL BOARD Agarwal R.P. Department of Mathematical Sciences agarwal@fit.edu Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne Florida 32901-6975x – USA Ambrosetti Antonio Sissa, Via Beirut 2-4 [email protected] 34014 Trieste – Italy Anastassiou George A. Department of Mathematical Science [email protected] University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 – USA Arad Tzvi Bar-Ilan University [email protected] Department of Mathematics & Computer Science Ramat Gan. 52900 – Israel Avramov Luchezar Department of Mathematics [email protected] University of Nebraska Lincoln NE 68588-0323 – USA Benguria Rafael Facultad de F´ısica rbenguri@fis.puc.cl Pontificia Universidad Cat´olica de Chile Casilla 306. Santiago – Chile Bollob´as B´ela Department of Mathematical Science [email protected] University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 – USA Burton T.A. Northwest Research Institute [email protected] 732 Caroline ST Port Angeles, WA 98362 – USA Cardoso Fernando Departamento de Matem´atica [email protected] Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Av. Prof. Luiz Freire, s/n, Cid. Universit´aria Recife-PE, CEP. 50.540-740 – Brazil Carlsson Gunnar Department of Mathematics [email protected] Stanford University Stanford. CA 94305-2125 – USA Cuevas Claudio Departamento de Matem´atica [email protected] Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Av. Prof. Luiz Freire, s/n, Cid. Universit´aria Recife-PE, CEP. 50.540-740 – Brazil Eckmann Jean Pierre Depart´ement de Physique Th´eorique [email protected] Universit´ede Gen`eve 1211 Gen`eve 4 – Switzerland CUBO EDITORIAL BOARD 15, 1 (2013) Elaydi Saber Department of Mathematics [email protected] Trinity University, San Antonio TX 78212-7200 – USA Esnault H´el`ene Mathematick, Universit¨at Essen [email protected] FB6 Mathematik 45117 ESSEN – Germany Fomin Sergey Department of Mathematics [email protected] University of Michigan 525 East University Ave. Ann Arbor MI48109 - 1109 – USA Kalai Gil The Hebrew University of Jerusalem [email protected] Einstein Institute of Mathematics Givat ram Jerusalem 91904 – Israel Kohn Joseph J. Mathematics Department, Princeton University [email protected] Fine Hall, Washington Road Princeton, NJ 08544-1000 – USA Kurylev Yaroslav Department of Mathematical Sciences, [email protected] Loughborough University. Loughborough Leics LE 11 3 TU - UK – England Ladas Gerry Department of Mathematics [email protected] University of Rhode Island Kingston RI 02881-0816 – USA Li Peter Department of Mathematics [email protected] University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697-3875 – USA Moslehian M.S. [email protected] Department of Pure Mathematics, [email protected] Faculty of Math. Sciences. University of Mashhad. P. O. Box 1159, Mashhad 91775, Iran. Nagel Rainer Arbeitsbereich Funktionalanalysis, [email protected] Mathematisches Institut AUF DER Morgenstelle 10 D-72076. Tuebingen – Germany Nirenberg Louis Department of Mathematics [email protected] Courant Institute of Mathematics Sciences New York University – USA Petkov Vesselin Depart´ement de Math´ematiques Appliqu´ees [email protected] Universit´eBordeaux I 351 Cours de la Lib´eration 33405 Talence – France Pinto Manuel Departamento de Matem´atica [email protected] Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile Casilla 653. Santiago – Chile Ramm Alexander G. Mathematics Department, [email protected] Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506-2602 – USA CUBO EDITORIAL BOARD 15, 1 (2013) Rebolledo Rolando Departamento de Matem´atica [email protected] Pontificia Universidad Cat´olica de Chile Santiago - Chile Robert Didier Universit´ede Nantes, [email protected] Depart´ement de Math´ematiques UMR 6629 du CNRS,2, rue de la Houssini´ere BP 92208 44072 Nantes Cedex 03 – France S´aBarreto Antonio Department of Mathematics, Purdue University [email protected] West Lafayette, IN 47907-1395 – USA Shub Michael Mathematics Department, University of Toronto [email protected] 40 st George Street, Toronto ON, M5S2E4 – Canada Simis Aron Departamento de Matem´atica [email protected] Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Av. Prof. Luiz Freire, s/n, Cid. Universit´aria Recife-PE, CEP. 50.540-740 – Brazil IMB, Universit de Bourgogne (UMR 5584 du CNRS) Sj¨ostrand Johannes 9, Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870 [email protected] FR-21078 Dijon Cdex – France Stanley Richard Department of Mathematics [email protected] Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA. 02139-4307 – USA Tian Gang Department of Mathematics [email protected] Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA. 02139-4307 – USA Uhlmann Gunther Department of Mathematics, [email protected] University of Washington Box 354350 Seattle WA 98195 – USA Vainsencher Israel Departamento de Matem´atica [email protected] Univ. Federal de Minas Gerais Av. Antonio Carlos 6627 Caixa Postal 702 CEP 30.123-970, Belo Horizonte, MG – Brazil Preface Issue dedicated to Professor Gaston M. N’Gu´er´ekata on the occasion of his 60th birthday We are happy and honored to be Guest Editors of this Issue of the “Cubo A Mathematical Journal” dedicated to our friend and colleague Gaston M. N’Gu´er´ekata, professor of mathematics at Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA, on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Professor N’Gu´er´ekata earned a Ph.D. degree in mathematics at the University of Montreal, Montreal, Qu´ebec, Canada, under Professor Samuel Zaidman’s supervision and attended the Uni- versity of California at Berkeley on a postdoctorate program. He is twice tenured as a Full Professor at the University of Bangui in the Central African Republic and Morgan State University in Bal- timore, MD, USA (since 2003). He is a Fulbrighter, African Academic of Sciences Fellow, and a Member of the Council for African American Researchers in the Mathematical Sciences. In ad- dition, he received numerous honors, including the “Dr. Santye Jean McIntire, II, International Award”, “the NAFEO Noble Award”, from France, USA, and the Central African Republic for his contributions to research and higher education. He was also the Claytor-Wooddard Invited Lecturer at the Mathematics Joint Meetings in San Antonio, TX, USA, in January 2006. The research career of Professor N’Gu´er´ekata is inspiring and unique in mathematical world. He obtained his Ph.D in 1980, then went to Africa with almost no research opportunities. He held several very high positions in the government of the Central African Republic, then 15 years later he came back to the Unite States and resumed successfully with research. To our best knowledge, no other mathematician has ever done this. Professor N’Gu´er´ekata has made important contributions in the field of evolution equations in abstract spaces. Especially, by writing his 2001 book on almost automorphic functions with values in Banach and locally convex linear spaces, and its application to differential equations in Banach and Hilbert spaces, he made a resurgence of a theory abandoned for many years since S. Bochner and W. A. Veech, and did influence on the rebirth of applications of almost automorphic functions to 1 evolution equations. He authored over 160 research publications, including 5 research monographs in the areas of evolution equations, harmonic analysis, and the theory of almost periodic and almost automorphic functions. He is the Chief Editor and Founder of the International Journal of Evolution Equations and the Journal of Nonlinear Evolution Equations and Applications, Associate Editor