I Driver Globali Sul 5G

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I Driver Globali Sul 5G 2 notiziariotecnico anno 26 1/2017 3 volatilità del mercato finanziario, perché dunque attorno al 5G vi è I DRIVER GLOBALI così tanto interesse e discussione ? Come per tutti i libri di maggiore successo e fortuna nel tempo, il SUL 5G 5G si presta a letture molto diver- se ed ogni stakeholder può trovare Gabriele Elia, Pierpaolo Marchese nel 5G ragioni differenti e profonde di necessità e di sviluppo di questa nuova tecnologia che per le sue va- Introduzione ficilmente appariranno sul mercato con contenuti ultra broadband, e rie implicazioni ed aspettative tra- prima del 2020. Si sta addirittura lo stesso avverrà con le Olimpiadi scende il puro fatto tecnico. Di qui Nell’evoluzione della Industry TLC verificando anche una “competi- di Tokio del 2020 che saranno sicu- anche la varietà dei percorsi che, ed Informatica il 5G è sicuramente zione” tra macroregioni economi- ramente trasmesse a qualità video partendo anche da punti di vista e l’Hype del momento. Qualsiasi ri- che, gli USA, l’Asia e l’Europa. In 8K su reti 5G. aspettative differenti, convergono cerca su Google su “5G” restituisce Nord America AT&T e Verizon han- La Commissione Europea ha lan- verso il 5G. migliaia di riferimenti, ogni bollet- no deciso di anticipare al massimo ciano un piano chiamato 5G Action A nostro parere vari sono i drivers tino tecnico che quotidianamente i tempi, anche nei gruppi di stan- Plan [nota 1] per stimolare, facili- che guidano questi percorsi, ma al- riceviamo comprende almeno un dardizzazione, almeno per poter tare e armonizzare le iniziative in cuni si impongono più di altri: approfondimento 5G. Eppure le lanciare servizi di accesso fisso con ambito europeo, piano che prevede 1) Nuovi service concepts e oppor- specifiche 3GPP del 5G, nella mi- tecnologie radio “5G” entro il 2018. un dispiegamento su larga scala tunità nello sviluppo del Mobi- gliore dell’ipotesi saranno comple- In South Korea ai Giochi Olimpici nel 2025 ed alcuni governi (es UK) le ultrabroadband, lo sviluppo tate solo nel 2018, a parte un an- Invernali di Pyeong Chang sarà mo- indicano benefici socio- economici massivo dell’Internet delle Cose ticipo sulla componente radio e le strato un servizio mobile vero e pro- di forte rilevanza attorno al 2030. – IoT, sia nel settore privato, che prime soluzioni 5G “end to end” dif- prio, forse in parte pre-standard, In un’epoca caratterizzata da visio- ni strategiche di breve termine, os- sessionata dal ROI e dalla 4 notiziariotecnico anno 26 1/2017 5 in quello pubblico (smart city e ders, in cui variabili economiche, da ITU che definisce l’ambito delle Man Use Case amilies¹ Already Identified for 5G Higher Level Adstraction² Digital Agenda in Europa e Italia) maturità tecnologica, situazioni di aspettative 5G. che nella trasformazione del set- mercato e ed aspettative di svilup- Rispetto ad altre fasi tecnologiche Ehace Mobile roaba Higher preformance targets across the board relative Broadband tore industriale (Industry 4.0); po si mescolano in un quadro che recenti, come il 3G oppure il 4G, il to 4G including indoor/hotspot and enhanced mobile Access in Dense 2) Il 5G come fattore tecnologico si definirà via via nei prossimi anni 5G ha dunque l’ambizione di copri- Lifeline broadband everywhere Areas Communication abilitante per un nuovo ciclo di e che quindi oggi può essere solo re classi di servizio estremamente Broadcast-like Massie Machie Tpe oicaio sviluppo macro economico; brevemente schematizzato. eterogenee, dall’enhanced Mobile Services Massive numbers of connected devices with a huge Broadband Ultra-Reliable 3) l processo di trasformazione de- Ultra broadband, ottimizzato per diversity of connectivity requirements ranging low Access Communication gli operatori di telecomunicazio- la trasmissione video e throughput Everywhere Extreme power/small data to high power/big data Real-Time ne e delle loro piattaforme tec- dell’ordine del Gbps (abilitando sce- Massive Communication lra eliable o laec oicaio nologiche all’interno delle nuove nari di Augmented/Virtual reality) , Internet Native spport for use cases having highly divergent Le promesse del 5G High User of Things requirements including mission critical applications, catene del valore; alla comunicazione UltraReliable ed Mobility tactile experiences and Self Driving Cars 4) Il “technology push”, la disponi- Prima di addentrarci nell’analisi dei a bassissima latenza, tipica di molte bilità di nuove tecnologie, in par- drivers può essere opportuno, nel- necessità della Industria e dei mer- [1] Source: NGMN Categorization [2] Source: ITU Categorization ticolare nel Radio e nella softwa- la babele linguistica e mediatica cati Verticali più esigenti (Autono- rizzazione della Rete; che caratterizza il 5G, definire con mous Driving, Energy Management, 5) La sostenibilità economica della maggiore precisione le aspettative Robotica) al Massive Machine Type Rete 5G. tecnologiche legate al 5G. A tale ri- Communication abilitante per gli Nuovi service Artificiale… ); probabilmente avre- rimento dati, come quelli cloud- Questi drivers delineano percorsi guardo può essere utile la schema- scenari di connettività degli oggetti concepts e mo i primi effetti del cambiamento based; anche differenti per i vari stakehol- tizzazione operata recentemente (Smart Cities). opportunità nello climatico globale (le calotte polari la possibilità di costruire reti con sviluppo del Mobile hanno fenomeni di scioglimento bassissima latenza, dieci volte The minimum requirements for downlink peak data rate is 20Gbit/s ultrabroadband, L’IoT relativamente rapido e probabil- inferiore alle reti attuale: que- mente assisteremo a fenomeni di sto sarà importante per classi di The minimum requirements for uplink peak data rate is 10Gbit/s massivo, Industry 4.0 e la Digital Agenda innalzamento del mare e di inon- servizi di massa, p.es. sistemi di Target downlink “user experienced data rate” is 100Mbit/s dazioni o siccità in aree più estese controllo industriale o il futuro dei Come detto, la tecnologia 5G si tro- che in passato); la NASA avrà pro- trasporti e auto a guida autono- Target uplink “user experienced data rate” is 50Mbit/s verà ad essere la tecnologia di rete babilmente portato il primo uomo ma; Downlink peak spectral efficiency is 30bit/s/Hz in introduzione pressappoco dalla su Marte (sicuramente usando il 5G la possibilità di gestire a costi e fine di questo decennio diventando come rete terrestre per il lavoro ne- consumi energetici convenien- Uplink peak spectral efficiency is 15bit/s/Hz dominante per un periodo di 10 o cessario). ti un numero molto maggiore di Minimum requirement for user plane latency for eMBB is 4ms 15 anni, al 2030 o oltre. In base alla È difficile prevedere lo scenario di connessioni, compresi sensori e nostra esperienza recente, possia- “servizi” in cui ci troveremo, ma pro- attuatori che costrituiranno la Minimum requirement for user plane latency for URLLC is 1ms mo immaginare quanto il cambie- babilmente alcune caratteristiche “massive internet of things”; Minimum requirement for control plane latency is 20ms rà in un periodo simile il contesto del 5G saranno importanti per lo la flessibilità e rapidità di confi- sociale e geopolitico ed economici sviluppo degli stessi, in particolare: gurazione e riconfigurazione delle A lower control plane latency of around 10ms is encouraged though – basti pensare che la popolazione a grande quantità di banda che reti, definita dalla applicazione di Minimum requirement for connection density is 1,000,000 devices per km2 mondiale supererà i 7 miliardi di metterà a disposizione, almeno nuovi meccanismi principalmente persone, che saranno tutte con- 10 volte quelle attuali; questo dovuti alle architetture software. Requirement for bandwidth is at least 100MHz nesse; lo stato delle tecnologie di permetterà di sviluppare ulterior- In questo senso, i servizi abilitati o Bandwidths up to 1GHz are required for higher frequencies (above 6GHz) base (si pensi alle nanotecnologie, mente i servizi basati su video e i impattati dal 5G sono spesso rap- alla medicina genetica, lo sviluppo servizi informatici basati su ela- presentati in tre grandi macrocate- Stationary: 0km/h della robotica e dell’Intelligenza borazione distribuita e il trasfe- gorie: Four classes of mobility Pedestrian: 0km/h to 10km/h are defined: Vehicular: 10km/h to 120km/h High speed vehicular: 120km/h to 500km/h 6 notiziariotecnico anno 26 1/2017 7 i servizi del mobile ultrabro- do i costi operativi p.es. con siste- ma degli scenari di autonomia Il 5G come fattore (la stampa, le ferrovie, l’elettricità, (global sales activities) che si presu- adband evoluto (“Enhanced Mo- mi che permettono alle batterire che non sono cosi’ lontani, la tecnologico abilitante Internet). Uno studio IHS in colla- me, nel 2035, saranno associate a bile Broadband” – eMBB”); di durare anni senza sostituzione. connettività cosidetta “Vehicle per un nuovo ciclo borazione con Università ameri- tecnologie 5G, e pari a circa 12300 L’accesso a Internet a banda ul- I settori della trasformazione del- to Vehicle” e “Vehicle to Infra- di sviluppo macro cane prevede un contributo medio B$ (circa il 4% delle transazioni eco- tralarga è sicuramente uno degli la cosidetta industria 4.0, con un structure” (V2X) permetterà di economico dell’ordine di 200 B$ all’anno alla nomiche mondiali previste), distri- scenari possibili. In alcuni merca- automazione delle fasi di produ- trasportare al guidatore e al vei- crescita globale dell’economia nel buite in tutti i settori merceologici. ti, il 5G sarà usato, in sinergia con zione e con una integrazione mol- colo informazioni (e comandi) Grazie alla sua capacità di indiriz- periodo 2020-2035, pari a circa lo reti in fibra per il collegamento to maggiore del ciclo di proget- decisive per ridurre incidentalità zare differenti requisiti, molti ana- 0,2% della crescita annuale del PIL. delle stazioni radio, per soluzioni tazione anche con i subfornitori; e vittime ma anche risparmiare listi economici collocano oggi, con Il valore cumulato è paragonabile al di “fixed wireless access” sosti- dell’agricoltura di precisione e del- tempo e ridurre l’inquinamento.
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