Periodic Table of The Elements Periods 1A Groups 8A 1 18

1 2 2A # of 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A H He 1 2 protons 13 14 15 16 17 1.01 4.00 3 4 Element 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 Li Be B C N O F Ne 6.94 9.01 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18 Atomic Weight

11 12 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B 13 14 15 16 17 18 3 Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S Cl Ar 22.99 24.31 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 39.10 40.08 44.96 47.87 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.39 69.72 72.64 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe 85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 [98] 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60 126.90 131.29

55 56 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 6 Cs Ba * Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn 132.91 137.33 178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.2 208.98 209 210 222

87 88 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 7 Fr Ra ~ Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og 223 226 267 268 271 272 270 276 281 280 285 284 289 288 293 294 294

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Lanthanide Series * La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 138.91 140.12 140.91 144.24 [145] 150.36 151.97 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.04 174.97

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 Actinide Series ~ Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr [227] 232.04 231.04 238.03 [237] [244] [243] [247] [247] [251] [252] [257] [258] [259] 262

Provided by 1 Periodic Table of Elements The Academic Center for Excellence Updated Summer 2019

Periodic Table Key  Group labels 1, 2, 3, etc. are recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC); the labels 1A, 2A, 3B, etc. are more common American usage.  Atomic masses in brackets are the most stable isotope of radioactive elements.  Elements with black font are those that are solid at STP (standard temperature, 0° C, and standard pressure, 1 atm), red elements are those that are liquid at STP, green elements are those that are gaseous at STP, and blue elements are those that are synthetically prepared.  Background colors designate the following: Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, post-transition metal, metallloids, other metals, halogens, noble gases, lanthanoids , actinoids and other nonmetals. Actinium Ac Copper Cu Iron Fe Osmium Os Silver Na Aluminum Al Curium Cm Krypton Kr Oxygen O Sodium Sr Americium Am Darmstadtium Ds Lanthanum La Palladium Pd Strontium S Antimony Sb Dubnium Db Lawrencium Lr Phosphorus P Sulfur Ta Argon Ar Dysporosium Dy Lead Pb Platinum Pt Tantalum Tc Arsenic As Einsteinium Es Lithium Li Plutonium Pu Technetium Te Astatine At Erbium Er Livermorium Lv Polonium Po Tellurium Tb Barium Ba Europium Eu Lutetium Lu Potassium K Tennessine Ts Berkelium Bk Fermium Fm Magnesium Mg Praseodymium Pr Terbium Tl Beryllium Be Flerovium Fl Manganese Mn Promethium Pm Thallium Th Bismuth Bi Fluorine F Meitnerium Mt Protactinium Pa Thorium Tm Bohrium Bh Francium Fr Mendelevium Md Radium Ra Thulium Sn Boron B Gadolinium Gd Mercury Hg Radon Rn Tin Ti Bromine Br Gallium Ga Molybdenum Mo Rhenium Re Titanium W Cadmium Cd Germanium Ge Moscovium Mc Rhodium Rh Tungsten U Calcium Ca Gold Au Neodymium Nd Roentenium Rb Uranium V Californium Cf Hafnium Hf Neon Ne Rubidium Rg Vanadium Xe Carbon C Hassium Hs Neptunium Np Ruthenium Ru Xenon Yb Cerium Ce Helium He Nickel Ni Rutherfordium Rf Ytterbium Y Cesium Cs Holmium Ho Nihonium Nh Samarium Sm Yttrium Zn Chlorine Cl Hydrogen H Niobium Nb Scandium Sc Zinc Zr Chromium Cr Indium In Nitrogen N Seaborgium Sg Zirconium Cobalt Co Iodine I Nobelium No Selenium Se Copernicium Cn Iridium Ir Oganesson Og Silicon Si Provided by 2 Ag Periodic Table of Elements The Academic Center for Excellence Updated Summer 2019

Periodic Table Trends

Electronegativity Metallic Character Atomic Radius

Increasing

Increasing Increasing

Increasing Increasing Increasing

Electronegativity is measured on a unitless scale Metallic character describes how much an The atomic radius is a physical measurement of the that ranges from 0.7 to 4.0 that represents the element exhibits the physical and chemical prop- distance from the center of an atom to the outer likelihood of an atom attracting an electron. Noble erties of metals. shell of electrons. gases are assigned a value of 0 as they do not attract electrons.

Ionic Radius Ionization Energy Lattice Energy

Decreasing

Increasing Increasing

Increasing Increasing Ionic radius follows the same trend as the atomic Ionization energy is the amount of energy (kJ/mol) Lattice energy (kJ/mol) describes the energy that radius. However, in most cases, nonmetals form required to remove an electron from the valence is released when ions combine to form a com- anions and metals form cations, and the difference shell of the atom. The value also increases when pound. Both an increase in an atom’s charge, and in charge affects the radius. Therefore, nonmetals removing subsequent electrons within the atom. a decrease in atomic radius will lead to an in- and metals must be considered independent of each Exceptions: Groups 3A and 6A have lower ionization crease in lattice energy. other. energies as compared to groups 2A and 5A.

Provided by 3 Periodic Table of Elements The Academic Center for Excellence Updated Summer 2019