May 20, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14085 The committee recommends that the au- . PURPOSE lishing a customs Cooperation Oouncil. thority be continued. It believes, however, This bill would change the name of the The Council is the major international that the authority should not be made per- · Army Medical Service to the Army Medical manent because the justification for use of organization for improving and simplify­ Department. ing oust.oms procedures. It started out as this authority in Vletnam might not neces­ EXPLANATION sarily exist in other ·areas where a permanent largely a European organization. Now 53 authority could apply. The Army Organization Act of 1950 changed countries are members. Almost all our the name of the Medical Department of the COST Army to the Army Medical Service. The pur­ major trading partners participate in its The average transportation cost for a pose of the change was to eliminate the pos­ work. member of the uniformed services who ex­ sible confusion that might result from use The objectives of the Convention are tends his tour of duty under the authority of the term "Department" when this term to assist international trade by working this bill would extend is approximately $570. was also used in connection with the De­ for: This cost is offset by reductions in the partment of Defense and the m111tary de­ -uniformity and simplicity in the transportation of replacements and in the partments. customs systems of its members; relocation of dependents of replacements. The 1950 change has had an opposite ef­ -solutions to customs administration The Department of Defense considers that fect from the one intended. The term "med­ this authority pays for itself in savings on ical service" is used within the Army to refer problems; replacement costs. If two persons extend to parts of a hospital that provide care in -cooperation among governments in for 6 months each and are paid their trans­ specific fields of medicine. Another source of these matters. portation and are given their leave, the cost confusion ls that one of the six corps con­ The Council's recommendations are is approximately the same as to send one stituting the Army Medical Service ls called not binding but they are widely accepted person to Vietnam, to resettle his family, and a Medical Service Corps. by most of our major trading partners. to return him to the United states 1 year Returning to the name of the Army Medi­ They have an increasing importance for later. cal Department that was used for 132 years United States trade. before 1952 ls intended to eliminate mis­ The title was amended, so as to read: understandings about the terminology for The United States sends observers to "An act to extend the authority to grant medical personnel and units of the Army. meetings of the Council and its Commit­ a special 30-day leave for members of the tees. I believe that accession to the Con­ uniformed services who voluntarily ex­ vention would be of clear advantage to tend their tours of duty in hostile fire CONVENTION ESTABLISHING A CUS­ the United States. We would have in­ areas." TOMS COOPERATION COUNCIL­ creased opportunities to participate in REMOVAL OF INJUNCTION OF SE­ the Council's recommendations and to CRECY benefit from its work. ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. President, As the world's largest trading nation, The bill (H.R. 15863) to amend title in we would be better able to do our part as executive session, I ask unanimous to 10, United States Code, to change the consent that the injunction of secrecy in helping improve customs procedures name of the Army Medical Service to the be removed from Executive G, 90th Con­ so as to expand international trade. Army Medical Department was con­ gress, second session, the Convention I recommend that the Senate give fa­ sidered, ordered to a third reading, read Establishing a Customs Cooperation vorable consideration to United States the third time, and passed. Council, together with the protocol con­ accession to this Convention. Be it enacted by the Senate and House cerning the European Customs Union LYNDON B. JOHNSON. of Representatives of the United States of Study Group, signed in Brussels on De­ THE WHITE HOUSE, May 20, 1968. America in Congress assembled, That title 10, cember 15, 1950, transmitted to the (Enclosures: 1. Report of the Acting United States Code, is amended by striking Secretary of State, 2. Certified copy of the words "Army Medical Service" wherever Senate today by the President of the the Convention Establishing a Customs they appear in sections 711a, 3064, 3067, 3210, United States, and that the convention, Cooperation Council, together with the 3296, 3579, and 4624, and in the text of the together with the President's message, be Protocol concerning the European Cus­ catchlines and corresponding analyses to sec­ referred to the Committee on Foreign toms Union Study Group, signed iri Brus­ tions 3067 &nd 3579, and inserting the words Relations and ordered to be printed, and sels on December 15, 1950.) "Army Medical Department" in place there­ that the President's message be printed of. in the RECORD. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without RECESS UNTIL 9 :30 A.M. TOMORROW Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. Presi­ objection, it is so ordered. Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. President, to dent, I ask unanimous oo:nsenrt have The message from the President is as in accordance with the order previously printed in the RECORD an excerpt from follows: entered, I move that the Senate stand in the report (No. 1135), explaining the recess until 9: 30 a.m. tomorrow. purposes of the bill. To the Senate of the United States: The motion was agreed to; and (at 6 There being no objection, the excerpt Today I ask the Senate to give its ad­ o'clock and 5 minutes p.m.) the Senate was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, vice and consent to aiccession by the recessed until tomorrow, Tuesday, May as follows: United States to the Convention Estab- 21. 1968. at 9: 30 a.m.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS STUDENTS EDIT BURLINGTON I commend their reading to my col- some type of exchange of ideas. The more HAWK-EYE FOR A DAY leagues: discussion, the greater the understanding and GENERATION GAP the narrower the rift. Today many families seem to be afraid to HON. FRED SCHWENGEL (By Gretchen Funck of the P. & G.) talk to each other. "They wouldn't listen or "Generation gap" ... For centudes youth pay attention anyway" or "I'd just be laughed OP' IOWA and adults have disagreed. Socrates com- at and considered and old fogey" are two IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES plained that young people had "bad manners, widely-used excuses. Monday, May 20, 1968 contempt for authority, and disrespect for This lack of communication has been their elders." Yet many sociologists feel the criticized by many popular songwriters. Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, on gap is wider and d·eeper now than eveT before. Simon and Garfunkel in "The Sounds of Friday, May 10, the senior members of As the folk song "The Tim.es They Are Silence" see communication as existing on the Purple & Gray Burlington High A-Changin'" says " ... better &tart swim- only the most superficial level. "She's Leav­ School student newspaper, helped edit ming or you'll sink like a stone, for the times ing Home" by the Beatles discusses parents' they are a-changin'." Later, the song tells lack of understanding as to why their daugh­ their city's newspaper, the Burlington mothers and fathers " ... your sons and ter left after they had given her everything Hawk-Eye. your daughters are beyond your command" money could buy. The ·experience was educational and and "please get out of the new one (road) Yet the outlook is not all bad. Parents worthwhile. The students were up to the if you can't lend a hand." must realize that, because of TV and radio, challenge. Editorials by· Gretchen Funck While there are many aspects to a gener.a- their views must contend with news from tion gap, the communicatlo~ gap plays an . all over the cou;ntry and world. Besides par- _ and Kathy McAllister were particularly important part. Much depends upon under- ents, these two mass media are strong ln­ good. sta,nding, and this can't come about without fiuences for teenagers. 14086 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May · 20, 1968- Teens, on the other hand, should be aware Kans., letter carrier rescued him from cees' salute to the Armed Forces lunch­ of the fact that their parents have been an extremely uncomfortable situation eon. In his very fine talk, Secretary around longer and have more experience in life in general than they have. The particu­ and quite possibly saved his life. Brown raised many topical questions on lars may differ, but some things hold true The constituent, Mr. Frank M. Powell, the U.S. Strategic Forces-questions of under any circumstances. was working in the trunk of his car when vital importance in today's world. Know­ Both adults and. youth ll\USt get in the a gust of wind slammed the lid shut, ing that many Members of the House swing of things and break the silence. Some trapping him in the trunk. His cries for will find these remarks of great value to parents may be surprised to find that their help went unheeded until the mailman, their understanding of our defense kids agree with them on many points. Teens Mr. Walter Clyde, approached on his policy, I insert Secretary Brown's ad­ will be surprised to learn that their parents daily round and promptly responded to dress in the RECORD at this point: weren't born in the Dark Ages and drinking and pre-marital sex were problems when the cries for help and freed Mr. Powell U.S. STRATEGIC FORCES they were young too. in a matter of moments. I. INTRODUCTION No one should fear criticism. It can be Mr. Powell was most grateful and ex­ During Armed Forces Week we have a healthy and helpful. A reevaluation of criti­ pressed the hope that this incident would chance to look at your military forces and cized ideas can bring out bad points and be brought to the attention of the public. policies and consider some of the critical ultimately solutions. However, no one should I wish to commend Mr. Clyde. I ask issues that are so important to our country. criticize ideas he doesn't understand. This unanimous consent that Mr. Powell's In maintaining our defenses as the neces­ can ruin everything previously established. letter relating the incident be printed in sary shield for freedom, we must give major "What we have here is a failure to com­ emphasis to defenses against the most violent municate" as Luke of "Cool Hand Luke" says. the RECORD. form of warfa4'e---;s.trategic nuclear war. I If all adults and young people would try, the There being no objection, the letter would like to discuss with you today our generation gap could be closed a little. While was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, strategic forces and the issues associated with it Will never be closed completely, and as follows: them. shouldn't be,- a sturdy bridge can be built SHAWNEE MISSION, KANS., Specifically, there are three related ques­ over it so ideas can be freely interchanged. May 9, 1968. tions which we must all seriously consider: Hon. JAMES B. PEARSON, Should we work for a first-strike capability WHERE THE GANG Is Senate Office Building, that would permit us to attack an enemy and (By Kaithy McAllister) Washington, D.C. not be hurt ourselves? HONORABLE Sm: Undoubtedly your desk is Should we adopt a policy of minimum de­ "To go where the gang is" is pretty im­ portant to today's high-schooler. Whether it continually heaped high With a multitude of terrence or parity in numbers of weapons? means meeting at the youth center, theater, letters of every predictable nature but I doubt How can we guarantee deterrence ·in a or dark country road, teen-agers like the if the one I now bring to your attention ls world of rapid technological and political security of knowing they're doing the "in" covered by any of these, since it is one of change? thing. praise for a government employee--0ur Letter U. STRATEGIC DETERRENCE Approximately 25 years ago the Spider Web Carrier. There can be no successful aggression by Youth Center was opened for just that pur­ A few weeks ago while working in the means of strategic nuclear war today. And pose. It served very well for a place for kids trunk of my car imagine my surprise when the job of our armed forces is to see to it to have what adults classify a.s "good clean the exceeding high wind slammed shut the that nuclear aggression against the U.S. or lid trapping me within the confines of my its Allies remains as unprofitable in the fu­ fun." However, Within the past year or so, own car. attendance has drastically fallen until 1-t is ture as it is now. necessary to seriously look at the situation. All my screams, knocks, yells, etc., fell on The success or fall ure of deterrence will A normal Saturday night no longer includes deaf ears and I now found myself in a posi­ depend on hard calculations in the minds the Web in its agenda for many high-school­ tion from which there seemed to be no escape. of enemy leaders. They must conclude that ers. My continual efforts to spring, break or re­ 1f they attack us they will themselves suffer The Web certainly is still a fine youth cen­ lease the lock from the inside failed and the an unacceptable level of damage from our ter, but there are two main reasons why the hour or more I was a prisoner in my own retaliation. As to what level of potential dam­ older teens have left it. The first reason has car seemed an eternity. age would prevent a war, Mr. McNamara been the admittance of much younger stu­ Fortunately for me, however, along came stated to the Congress this year that the dents. The forms of entertainment which are our regular Letter Carrier-Walter Clyde­ question cannot be answered precisely. He enjoyed by junior high school students are on his regular rounds with our mail; heard judged, however, that a capability to de­ not easily compatible with senior high stu­ the commotion from the inside of the trunk stroy 20 to 25 % of the Soviet population dents. of my car; knocked on the door, obtained and 50% of her industry would serve as an Overcrowding, the second factor, is a direct the keys to the trunk lid from my Wife and effective deterrent. result of the first. More space is needed for released me into the bright, wonderful world. Of course, the threat of even 25 % Soviet the ever-increasing youth. Needless to say I was becoming a bit wor­ casualties might not be enough to prevent Along with the tentative plans for im­ ried, confused and troubled at being shut up war if prospective U.S. casualties, as judged proving the waterfront, a civic center has in such small quarters for such a long period by the Soviets, would be disproportionately been included. On the order of a student of time as I am rather large in proportion higher. Soviet leaders may grossly overesti­ union, this would serve the teenagers, but to the small 3pace which I had been forced mate their ability to eliminate U.S. weapons. the age problem would probably still exist. to occupy. For example, we should consider a serious Besides, today's youth may be in need of Surely an organization as large as the Post confrontation-involving, let us say, a Euro- . senior citizen facilities by the time such a Office Department must have some arrange­ pean crisis in which each side believed its project could be completed. ments that reward outstanding and meritor­ vital interests were involved. In such a case, A place for the older teens is needed now. ious service that ls performed by its em­ the Soviets may be willing to accept heavy We need a place to study, dance, and just ployees, and what can be more outstanding population losses and industrial damage, if get together and talk without paying a large than that of saving a life? There ts no doubt they think they have a chance of achieving price for admission. The Web should con­ but that this Letter Carrier saved my life. complete dominance. To the extent that we tinue as it is now, but for the 13 to 17 age Please use your influence to see that this believe that such calculations affect behavior group. This would eliminate both reasons action on the part of an alert and observant in a crisis-and I do-we should insure for decreasing attendance. Letter Carrier is brought to the attention of that such calculations show ratios of surviv­ The Youth Development Committee and the proper authorities. - ing population and industry not adverse to a few private individuals are currently work­ Sincerely, the United States and a surviving military ing on the idea, but the entire community FRANK M. POWELL. balance in our favor. is needed to give the center the push it needs. U.S. forces that can guarantee these re­ sults should be sufficient to deter attack and inhibit nuclear blackmail, even in grave crises. And if deterrence should fail, a fav­ SECRETARY BROWN ON U.S. orable surviving military balance could make LEITER CARRIER RESCUES STRATEGIC FORCES it easier for us to negotiate an end to the war TRAPPED MAN and limit further damage to the United States. HON. CHARLES H. WILSON To put this another way, we must deter HON. JAMES B. PEARSON OF CALIFORNIA nuclear attack by being ready to deliver un­ OF KANSAS acceptable damage in return if an attack . IN THE HOUSE· OF REPRESENTATIVES should come. And our strategic forces should IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Monday, May 20, 1968 be capable of fighting a nuclear war in any Monday, May 20, 1968 of the more likely. ways in which such a war Mr. CHARLES H. WILSON. Mr. could unfold. Mr. PEARSON. Mr. President, I re­ Speaker, on May 14, the Honorable The qll;estion is, how can we provide this cently received a letter from a constit­ Harold Brown, Secretary of the Air necessary level of strategic capablllty? Many uent '- relating how a Shawnee Mission, Force, addressed the Los Angeles Jay- distinguished and thoughtful men claim we May 20, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS are lagging behind in strategic weapons, and can we determine the composition and ex­ We plan our forces to insure against a soon will be in danger of strategic attack. tent of our strategic forces? Soviet first-strike capability. We maintain Other equally distinguished and thoughtful V. THE ISSUE OF PARITY IN NUMBERS OF both a bomber force and a missile force­ people tell us that we have a weapons cul­ WEAPONS either of which now, and in the next few ture that buys more armaments than lt years, will provide enough retaliatory capa­ needs. Some scholars have argued that we should bility to assure deterrence. Therefore, each As usual, the extreme positions each have base deterrence on a standard of parity in provides insurance against degradation of the attractive aspects. It would be politically and numbers of weapons-that we should seek other as a result of unexpected Soviet de­ militarily satisfying to know that we held to , maintain about the same numbers of velopments. Our alert bombers can be complete nuclear dominance ln the world missiles and bombers as the Soviets. Those launched with only a few minutes warning and could overwhelm any combination of who take this position believe that the So­ and a large percent would be able to pene­ threats that man could conceive. Or, on the viets would feel less threatened if they were trate Soviet defenses. Our land-based mis­ other hand, it would be economically satisfy­ allowed to achieve parity, and that arms siles are in hardened silos below ground, and ing if we could safely maintain only a very control measures might then be possible. our Polaris force is dispersed under the small strategic force. Unfortunately, relative numbers in them­ seas. They can survive attack and can pene­ selves ten us very little· abowt the actual ID. WHY NOT A MASSIVE FIRST-STRIKE trate the present very modest Soviet ABM capability of forces and the danger of and air defense systems. CAPABILITY? strategic attack. In other words, this argu­ For the longer run, we are providing many Let's consider the first extreme: the de­ ment considers only quantity and not choices for force improvement. We carry out sire for an overwhelming first-strike. It is quality. research and development to insure our true that once we have strategic forces that For example, the Soviet Union is gradually leadership in technology. This gives us a high can guarantee deterrence, we do not try to approaching the U.S. ilil numbers of inter­ probability of being the first to discover any provide the additional weapons needed to continental missiles. But their accuracy is major new concepts in strategic weapons. It launch a first-strike attack that would de­ such that it would take a large number of also insures that we can offset any particu­ stroy the Soviets and prevent any damage their most numerous type of missile to lar advances that the Soviets may make. And to ourselves. destroy a single U.S. missile silo. As a result we have the capability to deploy additional There are two principal reasons why we they could not hope to eliminate our forces of existing kinds, in less time than stop at the level of a completely adequate retaliatory forces by llliasile attack-even if the Soviets can significantly increase the deterrent force, instead of going on to build they had many times as many missiles as threat. forces for a massive first-strike. the United sta.tes. In determining what resources to assign In the first place, the massive first strike On the other hand, if the Soviets should to development projects or to additional de­ has proven not too useful for a democratic develop a high degree Oif accuracy and multi­ ployments, we consider each system's promise country that rejects aggression. We had a ple warheads for their missiles, we would of effectiveness, related enemy fotce im­ first-strike capability after World War II need to better protect our missile silos, even provements, and our best estimate of the when we possessed nuclear weapons and the if we had many more missiles than they have, added insurance necessary for our deterrent Soviets didn't. But we were not willing to to assure the survival of a residual force. capability. use that sort of power-at least for any cause In other words, we might have fewer mis­ Last year; for example, we observed the other than a major and direct aggression siles and still maintain deterrence, or we testing of the new Soviet-fractional orbit against ourselves or against Europe. could have more and still be unable to main­ bombardment system. The FOBS ls essen­ Second, 'a massive first-strike capability is tain it. Thus parity in numbers alone is a tially a missile that sacrifices payload and no longer a practical goal to pursue. We can­ poor guide for policy. It becomes a worse accuracy to achieve surprise through a low not maintain the necessary force to destroy guide when we consider that Soviet forces are trajectory. We have not deployed a FOBS an enemy and not be destroyed ourselves, if not symmetrical to our own. They have fewer ourselves, because it is less efficient for de­ that enemy has economic and technical re­ heavy bombers and ICBMs, but many more terrence than the ICBM. The Soviet FOBS sources at the level available to the Soviet medium bombers and medium range Inis­ was probably designed to provide a surprise Union, and exercises good planning. There is sile&-the latter aimed mostly at our allies. attack capability against our bomber alert no question that, at least over the long run, Also, many of their Inissiles have a larger force, and perhaps also to reduce the effec­ such an opponent could take the necessary payload than ours, and they have placed tiveness of future area ABM defenses. and air counter-measures to insure that a consider­ more emphasis on missile defenses. But the Soviet FOB~ didn't affect our de­ able number of his nuclear bombs and war­ VI. MAINTAINING DETERRENCE terrent because for some time we had been heads would reach their targets. conducting extensive development work on Thus, for sound political, economic, and In maintaining deterrence, the danger that face.s us ls that, for reasons of their own, the over-the-horizon radars. These radars, which military reasons we have determined that to can detect launch· of FOBS, were already be­ pursue the illusion of an overwhelming first­ Soviets might try to achieve a first-strike capability. Of course, this goal will not be ing tested when the new Soviet weapon ap­ strike is a waste of our national resources and peared in development. They now have an an unnecessary acceleration of the arms race. feasible for them, as long as the United States takes the necessary countermeasures. operational capability which prevents a sur­ IV. WHY NOT MINIMUM DETERRENCE? The Soviets have gone ahead with major prise FOBS attack against our bomber bases. But i! we cannot fight a strategic war with­ improvements in their strategic forces. It Along with FOBS, the Soviets are attempt­ out unacceptable damage to ourselves, why may be that this results from a policy of ing to use improved air defenses to chal­ do we maintain such large forces? Why not prudent self-defense and that they are seek­ lenge the bomber portion of our deterrent. seek a minimum deterrence level using only ing only to reduce their own vulnerability. Our countermeasures in this case are the a few large missiles, perhaps a few bombers, But these steps could lead to strategic offen­ SRAM air-to-surface missile and the high and some POLARIS submarines-just enough sive forces that would threaten the U.S. de­ performance FB-111 bomber which will re­ to throw some doubt on whether an aggressor terrent-either completely, or sumciently to place our older model B-52's. could achieve a successful first-strike? This obtain what they would consider an exploit­ But if Soviet air defenses become heavier would free several billion dollars every year, able imbalance. They may e:icpect that their and more sophisticated, a new advanced and undoubtedly some of it could be well improved submarine-based missile force and bomber will be our best and cheapest method used in domestic programs. their fractional orbit bombardment system, of insuring bomber survival. Such an aircraft Unfortunately, this extreme is no more or FOBS, will catch U.S. bombers on the would have more payload, better defense feasible than the first. Greatly reduced de­ ground. They may plan to deploy enough penetration aids and faster speed. We are terrent forces would clearly invite an enemy missile warheads, and develop the necessary continuing preliminary work on the aircraft to prepare a first-strike himself. Bombers, if accuracy, to eliminate many of our missiles technology and penetration aids needed for unwarned, can be destroyed on the ground. in their silos. Their new attack submarines, such a new bomber. Missile sites can be destroyed if each is at­ surface forces, and naval air units, which are In addition to threatening the bomber tacked by several large enemy missiles, even at present capable of only a 111odest anti­ portion of our deterrent system, the Soviets with current missile accuracies. Submarines submarine role, may have the goal, for the have deployed an anti-ballistic missile sys­ can be destroyed. And surviving missile war­ midi-1970s, of neutralizing our POLARIS tem. There is no doubt that this step can heads, and bombers, if limited in numbers, submarines. Finally, they may hope that be a serious destabilizing influence on the could be eliminated by an anti-missile sys­ their anti-ballistic missile system and im­ strategic balance. It is still a very limited tem and air defenses. proved air defenses will be able to eliminate system-but it is definitely oriented toward A minimum deterrent approach depending most of the remaining U.S. retaliatory U.S. missile approaches. The United States on only a few weapons might stimulate en­ weaipons. is still trying to reach an arms control agree­ emy arms production as much as an effort If, however, they have actually been con­ ment with the Soviets that would stop con­ to achieve a U.S. first-strike. But in this templating the serious possibility of obtain­ struction of such systems on both sides­ case the result would probably be not merely ing an effective first-strike capability, they and limit offensive forces as well. an arms race, but a lost arms race, ending probably are now becoming aware that they In response to the Soviet ABM system, we in the defeat and subjugation of the United cannot succeed. F'or it lies wlthin our power are improving the capability of our missiles States. to deny them such a capability. OUr own forces by developing penetration aids and We do not want to court the disaster of force developments are specifically designed multiple warheads. The number of multiple insufficient deterrence, nor waste our re-" to accomplish this. At the present time, we warheads we deploy will depend on the ex­ sources in attempting to achieve an over­ could eliminate over two-fifths of the Soviet tension of the Soviet ABM system. We would whelming first-strike capability. How, then, population after absorbing a first-strike. hope that our development of countermeas- 14088 EXTENSION:S OF llEMARKS May 20, 1968 ures will help to persuade the Soviets that us. from vulnerable ground radars ~nd .will The maelstroms of violence, destruc­ further costly . extension of -µieir strategic provide a gOOd capability against lQw level tion,· bloodshed,- fire, and pillage· that capabilities will not be worthwhile. attack. It will also permit us to phase out The danger of a . snowballing arms race many present radars and interceptors, re­ roared through a score of American cities developing from the Soviet AB_M is _appar­ sulting in an actual reduction in overall this year-and three score last year­ ent. We must :pave enough missile payload cc>sts. ~ are a horrifying omen of our present fail­ tci insure penetration of an ABM system. If the Soviets improve their bomber forces, ures and future disasters if our inertia And, if they extend that system, we may we may want to add some new F-12 Mach continues in the face of widespread hard­ require a much larger advanced missile to 3 interceptors. But since a highly effective core unemployment, the accelerated de­ provide the additional payload. The Soviets missile defense is not feasible, we should cay of slums, inadequate medical care, may now wonder whether we are deploying not put disproportionately large resources multiple warheads or new missile only to into air defenses. What we need is a mod­ malnutrition, hunger, and even slow protect our deterrent by countering their erate level of air defense that contributes starvation. ABM system, or whether we are also going to deterrence, prevents a "free ride," and The Subcommittee on Employment, for a first-strike capability against their mis­ has some capacity to limit damage if an Manpower, and Poverty, of the Commit­ sile silos. What is for us insurance for our attack occurs. tee on Labor and Public Welfare, for 2 deterrent could seem to the Soviets a grave VII. CONCLUSION months now, has been re exploring the threat to their deterrent. It would have been extent and depths of the poverty prob­ much better for all concerned to have agreed In summary, we are working on many on an arms limitation to include limitation ways to improve our strategic forces so that lem and the urban crises. Hearings held of ABM deployment. they will remain the shield of freedom. We by the subcommittee have centered on Turning to the Soviet build-up in ICBMs, are deploying new forces as necessary to the Emergency Employment and Train­ increases recently reported have been ex­ provide a high level of insurance. We are ing Act of 1968-S. 3063-which was in­ pected. However, several hundred of their not, however, threatening the Soviets with troduced on February 29 by the senior missiles have high payload that could systems designed for a surprise first-strike. Senator from Pennsylvania with the co­ threaten our missile silos if they are able to The Soviets, on their part, are testing a FOBS, and deploying an ABM system, a sponsorship of 11 other Members of the deploy multiple warheads and increase ac­ Senate. curacy. As a countermeasure, we have begun heavy air defense, and heavy missile payload. development of a superhard missile silo, in All of these measures taken together under­ Support for this legislative proposal which we could deploy additional Minute­ line the fact that we will have to keep work­ to create 2,400,000 jobs among the Na­ man missiles in a few years or a more ad­ ing quite hard to maintain our own deter­ tion's hardcore unemployed has come vanced missile in a longer time. rent. from a number of outsitanding leaders of Another means of protecting our missile We are countering Soviet advances with public opinion, and from noted officials of sites against Soviet offensive missile improve­ our over-the-horizon radars, improved bomber penetration capability, missile pene- · labor, religious and interracial organiza­ ments would be ABM defenses around our tions. These have included the top of­ missile fields. tration aids, and development of superhard Properly designed active defenses are nec­ silos. These are aimed at retention of an as­ ficial of the National Advisory Commis­ essary for effective deterrence and should not sured deterrence capability. Our multiple sion on Civil Disorders, Gov. Otto Ker­ be confused with the much more extreme missile warheads, which are needed to coun­ ner, chairman; Mayor John V. Lindsay, a.nd useless attempt to provide a near per­ ter the Soviet ABM, will not suggest a first­ vice chairman; and Senator FRED HARRIS fect defense. strike threat, because we are not deploying a of Oklahoma, and President I. W. Abel As I mentioned earlier, war-fighting capa­ massive ABM and air defense system. of the United Steelworkers of America, bilities, relative damage levels, and surviving How far we must go with our options to protect our deterrent depends on how hard both commission members. military forces are relevant in preventing The testimony received by the subcom­ strategic war. U.S. strategic defenses se.rve to the Soviets work on a first-s•trike capability. make a coordinated surprise attack on our My view of our strategic forces is one of mittee from President Abel on May 15 retaliatory capability far more difficult. confidence tempered with caution. Certainly was a searching and sensitive statement we could destroy any aggressor at the present With regard to anti-ballistic missile de­ exploring both the problem and its reso­ fenses, we are preparing to deploy the Sen­ time. Moreover, I am confident that our de­ lutions with realism and sound common­ tinel system-a thin system to counter the velopment programs and American produc­ sense. Because I believe that all Mem­ tive capacity can offset any threat to our expected Chinese Communist threat in the strategic forces in the future. bers of Congress and all readers of the mid-70s. But today a large-scale ABM system CONGRESSIONAL RECORD can benefit by a capable of reducing damage to acceptable I continue to hope that in the long run we can reach effective agreements with the reading of President Abel's impressive levels against large-scale Soviet attack would testimony, I ask unanimous consent that not be feasible in light of current technology. Soviets that will permit us to use our re­ The Soviets could develop and deploy means sources for more rewarding purposes than his statement be printed in the RECORD. to penetrate our defense at substantially buying weapons. But Soviet actions do not There being no objection, the state­ lower cost than we could build it. And since yet warrant our letting this hope serve as ment was ordered to be printed in the even a few penetrating missiles could do a substitute for strength. I believe the most RECORD, as follows: likely way to prompt the Soviets to accept great damage, we could not expect anything I. W. ABEL BACKS EMERGENCY JOB LEGISLATION approaching full protection for our popula­ meaningful arms control is to insure that they can never achieve strategic dominance Mr. Chairman, my name is I. W. Abel, and tion. I am President of the United Steelworkers However, lesser levels of ABM defense, lo­ over the United States. In this sense it is clear that carefully thought-out improve­ of America. oated around our missile fields, could serve My purpose in appearing before you is to make an attack on our retaliatory force ments in our strategic forces contribute to world stability and to peace. to express the support of the Union for more difficult. If Soviet missiles improve, it the principle of providing job opportunities may be desirable to deploy such defenses for low-income and unemployed workers as for our land-based missile force. But we have is embodied in S-3063, introduced by you not reached that point yet. The superhard and eleven (11) other Senators. silo is our best first step. In a sense, the new STEELWORKERS PRESIDENT I. W. silo will be a form of ABM defense. ABEL BACKS EMERGENCY JOB RIOT COMMISSION We should also maintain a reasonable level LEGISLATION The social stirrings of the past few years of defense against aircraft. Air· defenses play have put severe strains upon our nation a. critical role in complicating the enemy's to meet the challenges of those who have, attack problem and in limiting the ultimate HON. JOSEPH S. CLARK for far too long, been deprived of the ad­ level of damage to the United States. Unop­ OF PENNSYLVANIA vantages of our society. posed enemy aircraft could make multiple Actually, our national determination to attacks and deliver weapons against hardened IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES provide equal rights and opportunities for targets much more accurately than could Monday, May 20, 1968 all is being doubted. As a member of the missiles. If U.S. air defenses were very weak, President's Riot Commission, I came face the Soviet might try to eliminate our missiles Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, the urban to face with the everyday frustrations of with bomber attacks. Or, they might feel crisis continues unabated in our cities. It people who are unconvinced that the prom­ free to use all their missiles against our mis­ has, in fact, probably deepened and be- ise of America can be translated into re­ sile silos, counting on their bomber force to . come more menacing as an increas­ ality for them. destroy our cities or hold them hostage. ing number of antipoverty programs As was indicated in our Report: "Dis­ . We therefore must have air defenses that throughout the country have been cur­ orders are not simply a problem of the e.re adequate to insure that large numbers racial ghetto or the city.... They are symp­ of enemy aircraft cannot operate freely tailed and thousands. of former partici­ toms of social ills that have become evi­ against U.S. targets. We currently plan to pants in such programs as the Job Corps, denced in our society and now affect every deploy a new combination of airborne warn­ the Neighborhood Youth Corps, and vari­ American-black or white, businessman or ing and control aircraft and improvements ous training projects find themselves cut factory worker, suburban commuter or slum in our F-106 interceptor force. This will free loose and adrift. · dweller.'' ·· · May 20, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14089 Whether we a.re, in fact, "moving toward economic activity can absorb the low-skilled that we have the coincidence of an unused two societies, one black, one white--separate unemployed. · manpower and unmet social needs. These and unequal" depends a great.deal upon the In 1966, I was one of the signatories of public services represent a new dimension for ability and the w11lingness of Congress to re­ the "Freedom Budget", advocated by A. expansion of the job market. spond to these problems. Philip Randolph. In his report, he indicated: Howard Hallman, staff director of the Pov­ In all frankness, in spite of predilections of "While there can be no doubt that we need erty Program Study of this subcommittee, dire consequences to constitutional rights of even better programs of training and retrain­ identified the range of some of these jobs: the privileged, Congress has moved steadily ing than we now have, we must reject most "Three examples can serve as an illustra­ along the road of enacting civil rights legis­ emphatically the proposition that the main tion, but the choice is by no means limited lation, culminating last month in the pas­ reason for excessive unemployment resides to these. They are the use of professional sage of the open-occupancy provision for in the personal characteristics of the unem­ aides; conservation and recreation facllities; nondiscrimination in housing. These have ployed. This fallacy rests upon failure to dis­ and housing rehabilitation. Each can pro­ been great achievements, not only because tinguish between the reasons why too many vide socially useful work. Each can give they represent the enactment of just laws are unemployed and the reason why partic­ communities across the nation a means of but, most important, they stand as an indica­ ular people are selected for unemployment reaching the unemployed directly and thus tion that the political system is responsive, when there are not enough jobs to go to individualize a national program for em­ and accomplishment of social justice is pos­ around.... The fact that Negroes tend to ployment. sible through the political process. be the first fired and last hired when jobs "The first area for increased public serv­ are insufficient should not prevent us from ECONOMIC JUSTICE ice employment is as professional aides. These recognizing that this phenomenon, so cen­ are positions which assist professional work­ We are now, however, at the same cross­ tral to the racial problem, would not exist ers, such as schoolteachers, nurses, social road that many industrial workers were be­ if there were jobs for all." (Underscore sup­ workers, recreation supervisors, probation of­ fore the advent of unionism. Could a social plied) ficers, and the like, by performing, under democracy have any meaning without eco­ In creating job opportunities for the dis­ supervision, various tasks which can be nomic democracy? In the 1930's the economic advantaged, I think an aggressively expan­ learned on the job or through short-term system was sorely tested because the work­ sionary fiscal policy is absolutely necessary. training. In other words, a minimum of ers were convinced that without economic This, I realize, requires a changed public formal training is required. justice, social rights were meaningless. attitude or tolerance toward inflation. "Such agencies as settlement houses have I submit, Mr. Chairman, that today our As Congress moves to adopt a deep spend­ used neighborhood re_sidents in these roles social institutions hold no meaning for ing cut--deeper than the one advocated by for years. The U.S. Office of Economic Op­ many of the unemployed because the eco­ the President--as a price for the tax increase, portunity (OEO) has encouraged the expan­ nomic system is not providing them with the I wonder whether the price wm, in reality, be sion of this field of employment, and in the opportunity to be gainfully employed. heavier unemployment in our core cities. spring of 1967 40,000 were working as sub­ Your Committee is well aware of the professionals under the community action statistics of long-term unemployment among EMERGENCY EMPLOYMENT PROGRAM The labor movement is, therefore, com­ program. The Scheuer amendment to the the minority groups, the entrapment in pov­ Economic Opportunity Act has added another erty of the working poor or the so-called un­ mitted to increased government spending in the public sector. It is within the context of 15,000, which apparently will be used pri­ deremployed, and the tragic circumstances of marily for training purposes. the unemployables. this over-all economic policy, which alone can increase job opportunities, that I want "The National Commission on Technology, GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY t'o make a few comments on the emergency Automation, and Economic Progress esti­ The labor movement is an instrument for employment b111. mated that educational institutions could combatting poverty through the exercise of It is most significant that this Committee absorb 1.1 million new workers and medi­ its right to collectively bargain for workers. is deliberating upon the necessity dr useful­ cal institutions and health services another But, it proves to be an effective instrument ness of this concept at a time when the Poor 1.2 million. only because its members are already gain­ People's Campaign is already in Washington. "For instance, teacher aides could be em­ fully employed. It uses economic pressure to Although the vast majority of the marchers ployed by the tens of thousands, particularly seek a better share of the wealth of ,the na­ are Negroes, it is essentially a protest move­ in schools serving children from poor fami­ tion. However, when its members are unem­ ment of the economically deprived. In a very lies where the school has to compensate for ployed, collective bargaining has little in­ dramatic and, I hope, successful way, they home deficiencies. While theoretically it fluence. Under that circumstance, the labor are petitioning their elected representatives might be desirable to alter the ratio of 1 movement must apply political pressure to to act favorably upon this bill. To that peti­ teacher for a classroom of 30 pupils to 1 encourage the application of the fiscal and tioning, I join the voice of the United Steel­ for 15, or even as low as 1 for 10, there are monetary powers of the government. workers of America. neither the teachers nor the classrooms for I make this comment because we are all The bill attempts to seek an immediate-­ such an approach. But every elementary conditioned to accept and, surely, to expect indeed an emergency-response to the high teacher in poor neighborhoods could easily government intervention when there is mas­ levels of unemployment in certain areas. use two teacher aides, not merely to take roll sive unemployment. The President's Riot Commission has made and help put on coats, but to help with read­ No less valid, then, is the necessity of fed­ a direct link between civil disorder and un­ ing, arithmetic, and spelling, and other su­ eral involvement in the tragic problems of employment. The National Urban Coalition pervised teaching tasks. AfteT all, at one time unemployment among the hard-core disad­ was formed upon a platform of creating job most elementary school teachers did not have vantaged in our vast urban centers and opportunities in both the public and private college degrees. While today we should insist some rural communities. A man must have a sector of the economy. S-3063 would provide that the teacher in charge should have a job before he can give meaningful expression jobs and job training in both sectors for 2,- college education, he or she could profitably to his role as a member of his society and 400,000 hard-core unemployed during the. use aides who are high school graduates (and the head of his family. next four (4) years, at a cost of about 10.3 two out of five of the unemployed have a billion dollars. The first year appropriation high school education). · MANPOWER TRAINING AND FISCAL POLICY would be for 2 billion dollars. "Hospitals could use many nurses aides This Committee has performed a most sig­ 1. Public sector jobs and laboratory assistants. Homemaking edu­ nificant role in the fight against poverty by cation, which sometimes needs to be taken exploring the methods of making job op­ Title I of the bill is a genuine attempt at directly to the home, can readily be con­ portunities a reality for the poor. creating new jobs. The concept of "govern­ ducted by women who have had 20 · years By enacting the manpower training b111, ment as employer of last resort" has been of successful experience with their own fami­ one bridge from unemployment to employ­ growing during the last few years. The report lies. Home care for the elderly could absorb ment was built for those who could cross of the National Commission on Technology, thousands of workers. Consumer education over it. I say "for those who could cross Automation and Economic Progress specifies among the poor, a hardly scratched but over" because the assumption of the Man­ that there are at least 5.3 million public badly needed field of service, can be carried power Development and Training Act is that service jobs capable of being created. These out by professional aides. Schools can be unemployment is a personal characteristic of jobs are distinct from the so-called public kept open evenings, weekends, and summers the jobless. The worker has become struc­ works employment--which provide job op­ for programs led by recreation aides. Over­ turally 111-equipped to compete in the job portunities for the more skilled craftsmen­ worked probation ofilc.ers could have nonpro­ market for jobs which do exist. Through in that it is the public service employment fessional assistants. Most social agencies are training, he wm be able to correct his defi­ which is the most effective means of rapidly understaffed in clerical positions. On and ciencies and qualify for a job. increasing stopgap employment for the lowly on the list could be expanded. To the extent that we have a full-employ­ skilled. "A second area for job creation in public ment economy, certain structural unemploy­ At the same time, the performance of service employment is conservation and ree­ ment will be eradicated by effective train­ these services will satisfy a very definite need reation area development. Again, these are ing. However, I wish to indicate, as we indi­ in our great metropolitan areas. The more neglected fields of service which can absorb cated when the original MDTA was passed, affluent our society becomes, the more is large numbers of semiskilled workers. that job training is successful only when the demand for services which uplift the "In National and State parks and forests, the economic policy of the nation is geared quality of life. From both an economic and a thousands of campsites and other recreation to a tight labor market in which aggregate social point of view, we are indeed fortunate facilities should be created to serve a ·grow- 14090 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 20, 1968 1ng population which has more money to service jobs opens up a real possibility for a worker whom he would not otherwise em­ travel, more free time, and more need to re­ meaningful work presently n~ded in our ploy because of lack of basic qualifications, treat from the city to natural surroundings. communities. Title I offers an opportun,ity the employer will receive a cost displacement Of all the facilities constructed under the to enrich the new career approach, and it at the rate of $3,500 for each employee. accelerated public works program, this type ought to be designed to take advantage of th_e The essential ingredient in the experiment was about the only one in which a majority possibilities. is on-the-job training at remedial levels far of the jobs created could be filled by semi­ In order for a job to be considered mean- below occupational training. I should re,late skilled or unskilled workers. ·ingful, there must also be built into it the to you two experiments in which the Union "The same concept could be applied to concept of upward mobility. Whether joined and the steel industry is engaged: many of the great urban parks created since to a new career position or not, promotional 1. Adult Basic Education for Employed and 1850. Central Park in New York City, Fair­ opportunities should exist. All community­ Unemployed Steelworkers mount Park in Philadelphia, Rock Creek employment programs should, therefore, be Park in Washington, Lincoln Park in Chi­ expected to include training activities so that One involves a $1 million MDTA grant to cago, Swope Park in Kansas City, Golden all participants will be given the education, provide remedial training for two groups of Gate Park in San Francisco, to mention a training, and supportive services while em­ employees. One group represents those work­ few among many, all could benefit from im­ ployed to prepare them to be not only em­ ers in the plant who are entitled to promo­ provements and restoration. Add to this the ployable but competitive in order to move tional opportunities but are unable to effec­ neglected playgrounds and squares, and the upward in either public or private sector jobs. tively exercise these rights because they lack job potential is further increased. We.seek, therefore, to strengthen the work­ basic literacy skills. A selected sampling from "Land conservation, forest restoration, sea­ er's occupational mobility. various mills are now undergoing training shore preservation, and the newest thrust, Although initial placement in public serv­ with the objective in mind that they will be highway beautification, all are tasks where ice employment may serve as a holding oper­ able to exercise their seniority to achieve labor is a high proportion of the budget, and ation, a heavy dose of basic education in a higheT job cla ssification. It is indeed a most of the jobs can be filled with unskilled basic literacy skills {half-time at work and tragedy to have a worker locked into a job persons, who can be trained on the job or in half-time at training) will guard against while others with less seniority are able to advance around him. short-term courses. A small start has been considering these jobs as "dead-end" ones. I would also caution against considering Under this pilot program, about 1600 em­ made under the Nelson amendment to the ployed Steelworkers in the Chicago and Bal­ Economic Opportunity Act. Easily a million these jobs to be low-wage ones, because we timore areas are attending adult basic edu­ workers could be so employed. would only be shifting the hard-core unem­ cation classes at their plants to improve their "A third field in which many jobs could ployed from the public welfare rolls to a communications and mathematical skills. be created is housing rehabilitation. There a.re status of "kept" low-wage workers in public The program is a joint effort of the United 8 to 10 million dwelling units in the United employment. There must be the opportunity Steelworkers of America, seven major steel States which need improvement greater than for upward movement, and training oppor­ companies and the Labor and HEW Depart­ what is expected for annual maintenance. tunities will provide that ladder. Further­ ments. Two-thirds of these units a.re in metropolitan more, as we open u p these jobs to the un­ Training is being provided by the Boord areas, mostly in the inner city and occupied employed, we should be very mindful that for Fundamental Education, a nonprofit or­ by low-income families. It so happens that the underemployed who may already be em­ ganization. A joint study, pursuant to the the unemployed are concentrated in the same ployed in these jobs should be given the 1965 contract settlement between the Coor­ locations. Thus, ways should be found to opportunity to participate in the training dinating Committee of the steel companies combine the need for housing rehabilitation programs. and the Steelworkers Union, led to the devel­ and the need for more employment oppor­ In summary, therefore, we endorse the opment Of the program. tunities. concept of the "government as a last resort The aim of the program is to raise the "Professional aides, recreation facilities employer" to employ those workers who, even educational levels of the workers so that they and conservation, and housing rehabilitation now, need jobs or those who, after some might be able to qualify for training and a.re by no means the limit of possibilities for training, cannot find private-sector jobs. As job opportunities when available. Trainees public service employment. Each community the Automation Commission remarked: are given six hours of classroom instructions should have the option of determining what "When all that is done, there remains an­ a week for approximately 26 weeks. Classes it needs and wants most." other possibility: to begin at the rear of the are scheduled on the workers' own time just These a.re the jobs that can be done right (employment) line and create employment before or after their work shifts. now in many communities. It is here that opportunities tailored to the abilities of The second group represents those workers the federal government could move in im­ those with serious competitive disadvan­ who failed to qualify for entry jobs. They mediately and place people in these jobs. The tages." also are being given special training to see Clark bill contemplated 300,000 participants My main enthusiasm for the public sector whether they can be equipped to satisfy very in one year and 1.2 million in four (4) years. title of this bill lies in the fact that it actu­ basic entry requirements. Because of the nature of these jobs and the ally creates new job opportunities for the If the program for the employed Steelwork­ urgency of the situation, Congress should unemployed while, at the same time, it satis­ ers is successful, more entry level jobs will establish a priority to meeting this commit­ fies a need in our communities to have this become available for these unemployed per­ ment in line with the financial resources work performed. Since the public sector, sons. The pilot program, when completed, will available. through the tax system, is underwriting the provide educational opportunities for some If a choice is to be made between the im­ cost of the jobs, it is most fitting that the 300 persons in Illinois and Indiana. The basic mediate creation of jobs in the public sec­ public sector is the direct beneficiary of the education courses are designed to raise them tor and a program to reimburse employers work performed. However, I hasten to add to a level of acceptability for employment in for training workers for entry-level jobs in that the public sector always benefits when the steel industry. the private sector, then, the priority should a worker is removed from public assistance. be expressed in favor of job creation. What 2. Private sector jobs 2. Jobs Now. Program we need now more than ever are new jobs Title II of the Clark bill encourages private The second experimental program is one for the disadvantaged. enterprise to take an active part in com­ which was recently agreed to in a supple­ The immediacy of these jobs, both in terms bating the ravages of unemployment among mental understanding with the industry. of their availability and qualification re­ the disadvantaged. The role of the business Basically, it gives option to the local union quirements for the worker, should not be community is an essential one in the war on and the plant management to extend the taken to mean that these jobs are either poverty. The Urban Coalition is a visible ex­ probationary period for special employees so temporary or deadend. As a matter of fact, pression of the determination of businessmen as to provide "greater employment opportu­ legislative intent should definitely declare to move in this area. Last January, the Presi­ nity for persons disadvantaged with respect that those workers who are assigned to pub­ dent issued a call for a new partnership be­ to employment because of lack of sufficient lic-sector jobs should be placed in direct tween government and private industry to basic educational qualifications.... Current contact with regular public service employ­ hire and train the hard-core unemployed. The employment can be provided on the condition ment opportunities. Through training and JOBS (Job Opportunities in the Business that participants actively pursue a course of supportive service, they should be given the Sector) was inaugurated in the Labor Depart­ study designed to rectify their educational chance to progress in promotional sequences. ment to be assisted by the National Alliance deficiencies." A worker must have the hope of bettering of Businessmen. The President's Riot Com­ (I submit a sample of such agreement for his status. It would be a mistake, therefore, mission strongly urged such business involve­ the record.) for these jobs to be looked upon as oniy ment. The Clark bill gives a legislative base It is too early to tell what our experience stopgaps. to the JOBS experiment. under these two programs will reveal. The Testimony already given to you by the The main objective of Title II is to help latter arrangement is a response to the JOBS AFL-CIO urges that the language of the the hard-core to become employable. There program and can apply to the job opportunity bill be corrected so that these jobs can be are incentives on both sides. The worker is section in Title II of the Clark bill. recognized just as meaningful, productive, given an opportunity to earn money while I recognize that Title II does not create and competitive as those in the private sec­ he is achieving a skill to improve his employ­ any new jobs in the private sector. As I tor. ability so that he can become competitive in mentioned earlier, only an aggressive eco­ I concur in that recommendation. Further­ the labor market. The employer is reimbursed nomic policy can accomplish that objective. more, the Scheurer concept of new careers at for the cost of training the worker so as to However, it does increase the possibility th~t the subprofessional level for certain public make him a productive employee. By hiring the "mix" of the employed will be changed. May 20, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14091

Under the stimulation of the subsidy to in­ JAMESTOWN DAY, 1968 ma.ke such a tot.al commitment-the seeds dustry, more· of the disadvantaged will be If history does not actually repeat itself, for such a commitment having been sown in employed-at least temporarily-than would there a.re at least occasions when the cycle sel!-saorifice of those who had their day at otherwise under current hiring policies. of present· events brings us back to points Jamestown. If training on the job is assured, their em­ of origin. From these points we can measure · As a matter cxf hist.ortcal fact, the impor­ ployability will be improved, thereby en­ the distance we have come. tance of education, in the successful estab­ hancing the permanency of their jobs. This is the real purpose of our annual com­ lishment of the Jamestown Colony was per­ Access to a job environment and the oppor­ memoration of the coming of our forefathers ceived from earliest times, and was taken tunity to train, while at the same time re­ to this island more than three hundred and for granted as a counterpart to established ceiving take home pay from the paymaster sixty years ago. If we recall their many hard­ government when, with the so-called "great at the plant rather than a relief check from ships, we also remember their persistent charter"-actually, the instructions-of 1618, the government. may provide the added dreams. If we have long outlived the par­ providing for the calling of a legislative as­ motivation needed to move the disadvantaged ticular hardships that beset them in their sembly, provision also was made fo.r the into a more positive job-oriented attitude. time, we must on this annual commemora­ establishment of several different forms of While it does not increase the total supply tion ask ourselves if we have finally attained learning and instruction. It is this concept of jobs, it does give, as was indicated by the their goals and ideals in our own time. of education conceived at the very beginnings Director of the Michigan Employment Se­ It is appropriate on Jamestown Day to of this Republic that I commend to your curity Commission, "special consideration compare the American problems of 1968 with attention on this observance. to those who have historically been at the those first American problems encountered This year marks the 350th anniversary of an back of the line." ' here in 1607 and the Jamestown Period. idea which found expression in 1618-the The private sector must be engaged in th~ Fewer than two hundred men came ashore idea of a school to educate the Indians in effort to open up job opportunities for the upon this island on that day. both Christian religion and basic English disadvantaged. It will do so only so long as No one can truly assess the hardships and education. In the instructions to George there are actual jobs available. I would hope privations endured in those early years with­ Yeardley dated November 18, 1618, King that the funds made available to industry out feeling that surely here were men who James I advised that the London Company will result in an aggressive hiring policy. dared "to dream the impossible dream and was authorized to "ratify, confirm and or­ Your Committee should specify the legislative to reach the unreachable star." Within a dain that a convenient place be chosen and intent on this matter since the testimony of century these "Englishmen born to become set out for the planting of a Univezsity at a previous witness, Garth Mangum, indicated Americans" had settled from Massachusetts . . . Henrico in time to come and that in that "it will be difficult to assure that those Bay to the Sea Islands of Georgia; within the meantime preparation be there made for employed are significantly more disadvan­ the next century they had created a new the building of (a) Colledge ..." taged than those who would have been em­ nation, "conceived in liberty and dedicated Within six months-even before the in­ ployed in the absence of the program. . . . to the proposition that all men are created structions on the calling of the first assem­ Subsidies to private employers to encour­ equal"--Jefferson's fundamental conviction bly were carried out-the Company had age hiring of the disadvantaged substitute reaffirmed by Abraham Lincoln. shipped to Virginia 100 "tenants for the Col­ for education and training to make them Then, a.t the end of the third century ledge lands," along with 130 to work the more attractive to employers without sub­ after the landing here, these men whom Walt Company's own lands, 80 to work the gov­ sidy." Whitman called the "restless breed" had ernor's lands, and 50 tO work the glebe lands On balance, however, the twofold ap­ crossed the continent, far from the spot of the church. You may also recall that to proach of providing jobs in both the public where the Susan Constant and her sister complete the process of civilization, there and the private sector is the least that this ships had ended their Atlantic voyage, where also came 90 "young maids to make wives" country should do for the poor. Certainly, a new and greater ocean in the West marked for at least 90 of the 260 tenants who had the nation must "generate a new will" as the end of one road and the opening of been "sent for publicke and other pious uses" the Riot Commission stated. But, the Con­ another. Now, more than halfway through in the colony. gress is the vehicle for expressing that will. the fourth century since that day in 1607, By November 11, 1619, the new government It can do so by enacting this bill. It is no our band of fewer than two hundred has of Jamestown found the enthusiasm of the wonder then that the Executive Board of the grown to more than two hundred million. London Company for shipping over tenants AFL-CIO unalterably opposed the expendi­ Is it any cause for wonder that our prob­ to work the College lands was overtaxing the ture cuts contemplated by the House-Senate lems, our challenges and our hopes should economy. The council complained that the tax conferees. have proliferated in proportion? latest shipment of newcomers had brought As was expressed in the statement of the There have been many cycles of history with them only five months' supplies of food. Executive Boa.rd, "essential programs must in this peninsula. where we have gathered Since the colony would have to support them be maintained and expanded." 8-3063 is an toc:La.y. One hundred and seventy-four yea.rs, for at least fourteen months before the "col­ example of a needed expansion of a social from 1607 to 1781, stretch beitween Jamestown lege plantation" would be ready, emergency program. As Resurrection City is being and Yorktown-but only about twenty miles plans for housing and training them were erected on the Potomac Flats, as a syml:)ol of of distance. Next year we shall celebrate the discussed. three a:nd a half centuries since the estab­ the poor's desire for a better share in Amer­ Before the end of another year, plans for ica's prosperity, I urge Congress to enact lishment here, in 1619, of the first legislatdve the establishment of the seat of learning at the Emergency Employment and Training a.s&embly in the New Warld-a memorable Henrico had advanced materially. Among the Act of 1968 as a concrete expression that event that launched representative govern­ shipments to the colony by the Earl of South­ dreams do become reality and frustration ment in the New World. ampton in 1620 was noted "A Gift" of "cer­ is not a permanent way of life. This year marks an.other anniversary which tain good Bookes of Divinitie, by an un­ also embod!es some of the mosrt cherished known person," for the use of the College. dreams of the men who overcame the pri­ The men of that day recognized, with Car­ mordial dangers here at Jamestown. This is lisle, that a true university is a great library the 275th anniversary of the founding of the of books; for in May 1622-before word had JAMESTOWN DAY, 1968 College of William and Mary, that original reached England of the vanishing of this first dream of a seat of learning which might have great dream-the Earl of Southampton noted died with the great massacre of 1622 had not two more gifts for the College-"a Library other men of vision come after, undismayed valued at 100 Marks," by the late Thomas HON. THOMAS N. DOWNING by civil outbreaks in this colony and in the OF VIRGINIA Bargrave, a "preacher in Virginia;" and a mother country, until at last a charter was companion gift of "divers Bookes, and an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES granted by those same constitutional mon­ exact map of America." Monday, May 20, 1968 archs who had assented to the English Bill Memorial gifts were not unknown in those of Rights. days, either. Southampton's 1622 inventory Mr. DOWNING. Mr. Speaker, on Sun­ We like to think that there is a definite noted that "the Gentlemen and Mariners day, May 12, 1968, at Jamestown, Va., in intellectual relationship between the guar­ that came in the 'Royall James' from the my district a traditional ceremony was antees of fundamental liberties set out in East Indies ... gave towards the building held commemorating the 361st anniver­ the English Bill of Rights, and the charter of of a free Schoole in Virginia, to be called the sary of the landing of English colonists Their Majesties' Royal College of William 'East Indian Schoole,' the sum of 100 and Mary in Virginia in 1693. Certainly these pounds." and the founding of the first permanent were the "rights of Englishmen" upon which There was every reason for optimism. The settlement. the revolutionists of 1776 insisted, and their previous May 15, 1621, Planter George Thorpe The principal speaker for the occasion demands were articulated by m:any of the had written to Sir .Edwyn Sandys that "the was one of the great educators of our men who had been educated at the College. whole people have begun to plant vines" Nation, the distinguished president of "We hold these · truths to be selfevident," (tobacco) this year, and he himself had the College of William and Mary, Dr. wrote Jefferson at Philadelphia-and to these "planted for the Colledge near ten thousands truths the representatives of thirteen colonies and do intend, God Willing, every year to set Davis Y. Paschall. His remarks should pledged their lives, their fortunes and their more than double that number." be read by every American, and I am sacred hono!r. It is only to things that matter Church, state and education being inter­ pleased to insert them in the RECORD. more than all else that men a.re willing -to related in that era, 1t was a significant sign CXIV--888-Part 11 14092 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 20, 1968 of broadening support of -the university proj­ faith--even as we a.re a.ware that we a.re 1705, and the fires of 1859 and 1863, the ect that, among other inventories of items confronted with problems, different in kind ideal has persisted and risen like the Phoe­ sent to Jamestown. "A person unknown gave from theirs but equal in magnitude. nix. It has reached in our time the propor­ for the use of the College a Communion cup There are many reminders, in this small tions of a system of education which now with a cover, and a plate for the Bread, of island, of the travail through which we have seeks to bring the resources of learning to silver gilt," as well as "a crimson velvet Car­ passed and the moments of truth yet to be every geographic area in the Commonwealth pet with gold lace and fringe, and a linnen encountered. The Confederate fortifications and naition, and to all sorts and conditions damaske Tablecloth," all valued at 30 not far from our presen.t meeting place un­ of men. pounds. derline a chapter in our history which is America's most vital need today is a high Then, on March 22, 1622, came the fateful only a century qld. The major military and level of informed intelligence as a basis for Indian uprising that wiped out all of the naval installations a few miles down the electoral judgment and action. Our govern­ fine plans. The doleful report to the Company James and around the Hampton Roads oom- ment is representative in form, and its safest in London listed seventeen "Slaine of the . plex reflect our national involvement in the guarantee of sincere and responsible lead­ Colledge people, about two miles from major international conflicts of the present ership lies in an informed rank and file as Henrico-Cittie." With the pulling back of century-and the great research center rep­ will enable them to: other exposed settlers to the safety of James­ resented by the facilities of the National (a) choose leaders wisely, and town itself, the Henrico dream expired. Aeronautics and Space Administration at (b) scrutinize their programs intelligently. But the capacity to rise above defeat was Langley Field and the Space Radiation Ef­ Such a need was recognized at Jamestown already manifesting itself. In concluding the fects Laboratory with its synchrocyclotron when representative government was insti­ report on the massacre, the survivors wrote to at Oyster Point are unmistakable evidence of tuted, and later by Jefferson when he said, the Virginia Company that the apparent mis­ how completely we a.re committed to the "I know of no safe depository of the ultimate fortune might "rather be beneficial to the age of nuclear science and space exploration. powers of society but the people themselves; Plantation than impair it, since now the time Thus far we have come-so much farther and if we think them not enlightened is most seasonable and advantageous for the we have to go. From the tobacco plantation enough to exercise their control with a reaping of those benefits which the Planta­ of the 1800's to the urban technology of wholesome discretion, the remedy is not to tion hath long _promised." Alerted to the today, we have proceeded past a succession take it away from them, but to inform their dangers around them, the survivors proposed of points of no return. Nathaniel Bacon discretion by education." to clear the enemy from the whole area and burning Jamestown, the British troops burn­ This establishes a major responsibility for plant their outposts more boldly than .ever. ing Norfolk, the Peninsula Campaigns de­ our educational system at all levels, and par­ The long march across the continent had stroying the ante-bellum economy of this ticularly in those studies that involve an begun. . tidewater area from which only in our own understanding of the basic principles under­ This is the heritage of determination, of times have we seen recovery-these have lying our form of government and our eco­ conviction in the power of learning and its been some of the milestones along the route nomic way of life. service to a civilized society, that I suggest to the present. With each age that died, the Such a responsibility recognizes that on this 275th anniversary year of the College men of the following generation had to fash­ American destiny is already being moulded of William and Mary we have preserved from ion new policies and new ideas to flt a new in the classroom. The hope or the disillu­ the 350th anniversary of that "great charter" age. Each generation, as Franklin D. Roose­ sionment; the glory or the despair; the of democratic ideas-education and self­ velt said of his generation thirty-five years statesman or the demagogue; the patriot or government--that we also celebrate this year ago, has a rendezvous with destiny. Through the traitor; the sunshine of a republican and next. it all, that early seed of an appreciation for form of government or the blackness of au­ For the intimate contacts between educa­ education pla.nted at Jamestown has flour­ thoritarianism-are all there in potential. tion and government in the Virginia Colony ished and must be nurtured today more than Which of these alternatives prevail will continued long thereafter. When, at a place ever before. depend on how well the student of today­ called Middle Plantation, at last a center So in 1968 the people of Virginia and of the citizen of tomorrow-answers the ques­ of "good arts and sciences" was founded by the United States confront another of the tion: What has made America great, and their Majesties King William III and Queen series of challenges and travail which have what are the forces that would destroy this Mary II, the government of the same colony marked our steady growth as a people. On greatness? Its full and intelligent answer in would soon thereafter follow. There in Wil­ the national scene, in the face of the racking the minds and hearts of our young people liamsburg, on two occasions, the government problems that touch on every aspect of will, above all else, determine the future actually was in residence at the College-­ our national welfare and security-military, quality of Western civilization and the des­ from 1700 to 1704, and again from 1747 to social and economic-we approach the most tiny of the American dream. In the objective 1754. momentous presidential election in thirty or pursuit of this answer lies our greatest hope The story of the men from William and more years. The remarkable sequence of for the allegiance of the. future citizen to Mary who performed the great deeds in the events which have attended the candidacies those principles that safeguard this coun­ movement for independence, then for state­ of men in both parties, looking toward nomi­ try, and must be protected at all costs if hood and finally for nationhood-all this is nating conventions unparalleled in their freedom is to endure. well known. But again the close and vital re­ importance in this generation, only serve Thus, in 1968, we have come to a moment lationship between the studies of "good arts to emphasize that "the old order changeth." of truth in the progression of events since and sciences" and the art and science of good For, whoever is chosen to assume the Jamestown in 1607: For the question now is, government was demonstrated in the new burdens of our national leadership next whether we shall prove equal to the' crisis center of learning that emerged in 1779. fall, one thing is already obvious-that confronting state and nation in our time, as Thomas Jefferson, then governor of the Com­ within his administration we as a nation successive generations before us have dealt monwealth and a member of the William and shall have had ..o dispose of issues upon with the peculiar challenges of their tim'es. Mary board of visitors, led the board to which our national survival may well be There is truly . . . a tide in the affairs of undertake its historic reorganization of the determined. In any event, a response will men which, taken at the fiood, leads on to College curriculum-again to serve more ef­ have had to be made to the issue of our fortune; omitted, all the voyage of their life fectively the needs of the new nation which involvement in southeast Asia and else­ is bound in shallows and in miseries. On was emerging. where abroad, to the issue of an economy­ such a full sea are we now afloat and we must Thus Jefferson led in the creating of many both domestic and international-based take the current when it serves, or lose our of the great priorities of the College of Wil­ upon gold or dollars or some new standard ventures. liam and Mary with this end in view-in of exchange, to the riotous turmoil of teem­ introducing the study of science, medicine, ing cities whose discontent is a pressure modern languages, and in establishing the mounting steadily against the safety valves OCEANOGRAPHY AND THE NAVY­ first chair of law in the United States. From of our society. this fertile soil of a new nation, many more INDUSTRY TEAM leaders were to come--John Marshall, the These issues have their counterparts great Chief Justice of the United States; within Virginia itself, of course, demanding Spencer Roane, his great antagonist on the of the people a willingness to face the harsh HON. WARREN G. MAGNUSON Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals; St. realities of present needs and the fact that George Tucker, one of the first commentators the past, with all its lessons, is not retriev­ OF WASHINGTON on the Constitution and the first editor of able. The best that can be, and ought to IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES be, done is to preserve and reapply those American notes on the common law, and Monday, May 20, 1968 many others. standards from the past which offer the best solutions to the issues in our age. Of Yes, here upon this bank and sh~ of time, Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, Rear we discern the traces of great events which those, one in particular demands to be con­ Adm. 0. D. Waters, Jr., oceanographer have made America. The men of vision in sidered paramount. of the Navy, recently addressed a forum 1618--350 years ago-knew the value of Of all the ideals which have persisted from the age of Jamestown to the present, on oceanography sponsored by Hayden bringing education to the New World. The Stone, Inc. The forum, held in Wash­ massacre of 1622 destroyed their efforts for education has been the most enduring. From seventy years-but their dream never died. the ashes of a dream which might have ington, D.C., was attended by more than Today, we feel at the College of Wlllia.m and been a university at Henrico in 1622, from a thousand interested citizens, includ­ Mary that we have struggled. to keep their the ashes of the first Wren building fire in ing many members of the armed services. May 20, 19-68 "EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14093 : Meanwhile we are sharpening our -technol­ sign. Porpoises, for instance, have -a. built-in The title of Adinira.I Waters' ·address sonar in the lower pa.rt of their heads which Navy­ ogy and increasing our pool of marine was "OCeanography and · the scientists. serves both as detector and range finder. Industry Team," and in it the oceanog­ Money, of oourse, is a factor. Private capi­ They have extraordinary skill as navigators rapher of the Navy outlined a number tal will come in, in direct relation to the in- and a highly developed homing sense. . of the Navy's programs currently under­ -creasing profit possib1lities. Federal money MARINE SURVEYS way. is another story since. oceanography must The world-wide Marine . Geophysical pro­ This is a subject of particular interest compete with other pressures on the budget. gram begun in 1966 is still underway. These to the-Pacific Northwest, as, in May 1969, Here again I look for a slow but steady growth. If I had to make a prediction I surveys, conducted under Navy contract with the Navy will hold in Seattle its sixth would say that the federal oceanographic two commercial geophysical companies, will annual symposium on military oceanog­ budget will increase at about the rate of the when completed, have covered 16 million raphy, the only annual Navy conclave gross national product. This year the Presi­ square nautical miles or 15% of the total devoted exclusively to military applica­ dent has recommended a federal oceanog- ocean. Data on conditions in deep _water masses and at the water/bottom interface tions. . raphy budget of 516 million dollars which in­ cludes a Navy budget of 287 million dollars. needed to enhance the effectiveness of newly Dr. J. E. Henderson, director of the developed sonars are being collected. applied physics laboratory at the Uni­ And while we are talking about the federal versity of Washington, will be host to role in oceanography I recommend that all SATELLITES this major scientific convention, the first of you take time out to read the President's Our newly developed satellite navigation second report to the Oongress on Marine Re­ system has increased the accuracy of posi­ of its kind ever held in the Northwest, sources and Engineering Development. It can tion for ships at sea to a point that would sponsored by the oceanographer of the be had from the U.S. Government Printing not have been believed a few years ago. The Navy. Office for a dollar per copy and it's a bar­ military value is obvious and we have now Not only will the progress of the pro­ gain--even without green stamps. made the system available to the merchant grams discussed by Admiral Waters be You will note that the Navy gets better shipping community. We are also cooperat­ detailed at the Seattle symposium, but than one half of the national oceanographic ing with NASA in the experimental use of budget. This is because as the agent for the satellites to gather certain types of ocean­ many of the Navy's new endeavors in Department of Defense the Navy is respon­ military applications will be reported. ographic information. Satellites, of course, sible for almost all oceanographic work in have obvious limitations as ocee.nographic Admiral Waters' address at the Wash­ the national security area. platforms but in a field where time is often ington forum touches on the Navy's en­ Here briefly are some of the programs we the essence it is worth reflecting tha.t they gineering and technological goals and have currently underway: can photograph a shifting river delta or a the important role that industry has and ASWEPS meandering current in less time than it takes will have in the programs to achieve This is an acronym for Antisubmarine to set the special sea details and get a. sur­ them. Warfare Environmental Prediction Services. vey ship underway. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ It was developed by the Oceanographic Office Using a variety of sensors including, of sent that Admiral Waters' presentation, and taken over operationally in 1966 by the course, photography a.nd radar, they can re­ Naval Weather Service. Data are collected port on sea ice, sea state, thermal conditions, entitled "Oceanography and the Navy­ atmospheric effects a.nd other large scale Industry Team," be printed in the on water temperature, sound velocity struc­ ture, surface wave actions and meteorologi­ phenomena. on a global basis and with quick RECORD. cal conditions. It provides an ASW com­ repeatability. There being no objection, the address mander with the three-dimensional environ­ DEEP SUBMERGENCE was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, mental information he needs both for plan­ The largest effort, identifiable as a single as follows: ning and for immediate tactical decisions. project, is our Deep Submergence Systems 0cEANOGRAPHY AND THE NAVY-INDUSTRY We are constantly working on field programs Project, known as DSSP for brevity. The need TEAM and on new instrumentation to improve for such an engineering project became ap­ (By Rear Adm. 0 . D. Waters, Jr., oceanog­ ~SWEPS on a global basis. parent with the development of the deep rapher of the Navy) SEA SURFACE PREDICTION running nuclear submarine but it took the Mr. Chairman, gentlemen, it was almost Since surface conditions a.re much easier loss of the THRESHER to generate financial backing for a comprehensive, priority pro­ · a. year a.go when I ha.d. the pleasure of a.t­ to study than the subsurface we have nat­ ls - tending a. Hayden Stone forum on oceanog­ urally moved faster in that area. Our studies gram. The grand objective of DSSP to give raphy a.t the University Club in New York of sea ice, both in the Arctic and Antarctic, us the capability to operate at any depth, at any time and at any location within the City. enable us to forecast the ice conditions which affect navigation, with considerable reliabil­ ocean. Nothing so ambitious and imagina­ I opened my remarks on that occasion by tive has been undertaken since the inaugura­ saying, "I am not sure that Wall Street is ity. Our prediction of both ocean waves and beach surf is also relatively accurate and very tion of our space program. The picked group r·eady for oceanography, or even that of Naval officers, engineers, and scientists oceanography is entirely ready for Wall important to us in amphibious planning as well as general operations. One of our most guiding DSSP are moving ahead in the fol­ Street." lowing areas: For some reason this simple declarative successful programs in this area. is our Op­ sentence was picked up by both the Wall timum Track Ship Routing System, a. method SUBMARINE LOCATION AND RESCUE street Journal and the financial section for steering ocean shipping through the most What we are doing here is developing a of the New York Times. And I noted re­ favorable seas, currents a.nd weather. This small submersible which can be carried by cently-that it had even found its way into system weighs and forecasts a.ll measureable air and piggy-back on fleet submarines and so austere a publication as Hayden Stone's environmental conditions between the point will be capable of locating a. disabled sub­ "Special Institutional Study on Oceanog­ of departure and destination and then recom­ marine and rescuing its crew by mating ac­ raphy." I am .looking forward to seeing it mends the safest, fastest route. It has saved cess hatches. Fortunately we seldom have a next in Bartlett's "Familiar Quotations." - us millions of dollars in our MSTS operations submerged and disabled submarine in peace­ I have repeated it here, not to depress the alone. time and this submersible is designed to do m.arket in oceanographic stocks but just MARINE BIOLOGY useful research work a.s well. In fact the because it still has a kernel of truth in it. Another area we keep constantly working entire DSSP program is geared to serve the For several reasons oceanography, in my at is marine biology. Marine organisms foul overall needs of the Navy, particularly in the opinion, ls not going to be a pillar of fl.re ship's hulls and pier pilings and degrade oceanographic field. blown skyward. One of the reasons is a sonar equipment. They a.lso deflect sound DEEP-SEA SEARCH AND SMALL OBJECT RECOVERY dearth of skilled marine scientists and tech­ and reflect as false targets on sonsr. PROGRAM nicians. Another is the plain fact that the One of the puzzling phenomenon we This aims to develop a submersible capa­ ocean, particularly the deep ocean, is the are concerned with 1s the so-called "deep ble of searching the undersea environment most hostile environment on earth, more scattering layer". This horizontal band of down to 20,000 feet, a depth that accounts hostile perhaps than the moon, and it will concentrated micro-marine life is present for roughly 90 % of the ocean floor. It will not yield to us easily. over much of the world's oceans. It rises to­ have more speed, range and endurance than But there is a brighter side. While oceanog­ ward the surface at dusk and sinks with the any of our existing search vehicles such as raphy may not be destined to make the kind coming of daylight. We are using deep sub­ Alvin or Trieste and will feature a manipu­ of great leap forward that some might wish, mersibles to study these organisms, their lator arm capable of retrieving objects it certainly is going to go forward at a steady acoustic characteristics, their geographic and weighing several hundred pounds. Our ex­ pace. For the truth is that the well publicized seasonal distribution and their mystifying perience in successfully recovering that un­ riches of the continental shelf and even of diurnal rhythms. armed nuclear bomb off Palomares, Spain, the deep ocean are actually there. As our Our interest in everything that lives in the has been a help in designing this vehicle. population increases and our dry land sup­ sea extends especially to sharks and por­ plies of chemicals, minerals and food become pqises. We expect our studies of these re­ LARGE OBJECT SALVAGE increasingly scarce we are going to have to markable anim.als to lead us to improvements The goal here ls to develop a salvage sys­ go to the·inexhaustible sea fo replenish them. in underwater weapons, ship and sonar de- tem involving diver8, pontoons and associated 14094 J:XTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 20, 1968 surface equipment with muscle enough to for deep submergence. Also, for operations at 1968. Each year at this time we in Michi­ raise ships or submarines up to 1000 tons great depth we need structural materials with gan strive with a special vigor to tell dead w~ight. a high strength to weight ratio. Believe it or others of the uniqueness of our home NUCLEAR-POWERED VEHICLE (NRI) not, glass is a major contender. We are work­ ing on tandem propellor - propulsion to State. This is a joint Navy and Atomic Energy achieve high maneuverability and on sea­ The effort takes on a special signifi­ Comm!ssion project to develop a nuclear­ water hydraulic systems for improved relia­ cance this year. Americans are being powered deep submersible. Its endurance will bility of machinery. DOT will also be con­ be limited only by its life supporting sup­ urged to discover and rediscover their cerned with all of the problems involved in own country in 1968. It is hoped that plies and the stamina of its crew. It will the construction of a shirt-sleeve sea bottom perform many research tasks beneficial to habitat at a depth of, say, 6,000 feet to be­ they will do so and that they will get both military and non-military programs. gin with. For an example of a more immedi­ to know better both their fellow citizens MAN-IN-THE-SEA ate project assigned to DOT there is the and the heritage that is theirs. I have been talking about machines. But CURV, the unmanned vehicle which virtually We hope that Michigan will be a part Inachines are operated by men, men who surpassed the state of the art when, respond­ of that experience. must be able to work both inside and out­ ing to remote commands, it attached the re­ No other State has such a variety of side of their vehicles in an environment as covery line to the Palomares bomb. The year-round, natural and manmade at­ hostile as the world offers. To be certain that CURV is now being re-engineered to increase our men are equal to the advancing sophis­ its depth capability by nearly three fold to tractions. Its land is varied, its distances tication of our machines we have instituted 7,000 feet. A 20,000 foot CURV is on the draw­ are great, and the change of seasons is a Man-in-the-Sea program as an integral part ing board. most dramatic. In the spring, Michigan of DSSP. This program is developing the tech­ To carry out these programs we have a is a cornucopia of emerging life. During nology, the equipment and the conditioning variety of platforms and facilities. Right now the summer, endless stretches of sandy needed to permit our "aquanauts" to live and we have 31 research and survey ships. We beaches, deep and clear blue lakes, green work on the ocean floor for long periods of have a ship that stands on end and another forests, towering cliffs, mountains and time. Our biggest breakthrough in this area that lowers its instruments through the came with the development of a Navy doctor bottom of the hull. We have monster buoys valleys, and picturesque isles make the of "saturation diving". Using standard and fixed towers and even a fioating ice State America's own Mediterranean. In methods a diver, let us say, spends 30 minutes island in the polar north where our scientists the fall, Michigan is a gigantic pallet of at 300 feet underwa.ter. In returning to the live and work. natural color and a crystalline play­ surface he needs three hours of decompres­ In addition to a variety of specialized ground in the winter. Boating, swim­ sion. With saturation diving the aquanaut is laboratories we cooperate in maintaining a ming, hunting and fishing, and skiing provided with a sea.floor habitat pressurized world Da.ta Center and we operate an In­ are all available in Michigan. to equal the outside pressure and he is fur­ strumentation Center whose services are nished a carefully balanced mixture of available to industry. But Michigan is so much more than breathing gasses which permeate his system. This means that we have a great deal of a fantastic vacationland. Result, he lives in a dry underwater house information coming in, getting processed No other State offers such hospitality and laboratot-y and can go exploring in the and going out to the flee~particularly to and cultural diversity. Our people are surrounding sea without passing through our antisubmarine warfare forces. imaginative, friendly, and industrious. locks or requiring any decompression what­ All of this uses taxpayers dollars-dollars ever until he returns to the surface weeks given to us by the Congress to further the There is music, art, and theater for all or months later. military defense of the nation. But oceanog­ tastes throughout the State. Michigan is SEALAB raphy, almost alone among military pro­ home to some of the world's truly great The best known project in our Man-in-the­ grams; has a broader significance. Not only universities and to the National Music Sea effort is our series of SEALABs; combina­ do we rely on industry to assist us in our Camp at Interlochen in my district. tion laboratories and living quarters set right projects, every bit of information that we gather has a secondary value to the nation's Few States offer such varied industry on the ocean floor hundreds of feet below and such exciting industrial opportu­ the surface. This is the most ambitious effort economy-and incidentally a good 90 % of yet to work and live in such an environment. our raw data is unclassified and available. nities. Michigan is an international From these well equipped headquarters teams Our ASWEPS program, for instance, with port-of-call within America's heartland. of trained astronauts carry out tasks in its ability to predict advance oceanic en­ vironment makes it possible for fishermen Natural resources abound. The State's oceanographic research, salvage, underwater transportation network is without construction and biology and tests of both to go where the fl.sh are instead of hunting human and equipment performance. Two for them blindly. Joint experiments with equal. members of a five-man aquanaut team, get­ the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries have al­ Few States are as forward-looking as ting ready for their next SEALAB experi­ ready demonstrated. that the fish catch can Michigan in both industry and educa­ ment, recently set a wocld record of 1,025 feet be doubled and sometimes quadrupled. Our Optimum Ship Routing System prom­ tion. Nwnerous research facilities are for a simulated open ocean dive. The other maintained across the State to apply the three team members accompanied them to a ises to save millions of dollars for commer­ simulated depth of 825 feet. cial shippers. most modern science and technology to After the record depth of 1,025 feet was Our Deep Submergence program with its industry and to the pursuit of a better reached and sustained for 13 minutes, all five Man-in-the-Sea project is developing tech­ life. A third of our citizens are either remained at 825 feet for close visual and niques that will be valuable to the offshore enrolled in educational programs or are medical observation. The 48 hours spent at oil industry and, as it comes along, to the the 825 foot level was a second world's rec­ underwater mining industry. Other oceano­ employed in the fields of education. ord-the longest time ever at such a depth. graphic studies will contribute to the ex­ Few States havc as rich a history as The divers wore standard neoprene "wet traction of new drugs from the sea and to does Michigan, and that historic past is suits" and Mark VIII breathing apparatus the growth of our great maritime recrea­ tion industry. skillfully preserved in musewns and employing a balanced mixture of oxygen and many restored sites so it can be con­ helium. They suffered no ill effects. SEALAB I could go on listing the actual and poten­ is also our principal laboratory for many tial contributions of Navy oceanographic tinually enjoyed and can serve as a les­ phases of our growing effort in the field of programs to the economic welfare of the son for the future. biomedicine. Our study of the stresses, both nation and the free world. We are willing and In Michigan, Nature has provided the physiological and psychological, put on the able to play our role in this expanding field beauty and serenity of sandy beaches huinan body by the underwater environment and the Defense Department concurs. To do is already having wider medical applications. so we need the continued backing of the two and gentle waves, and the turbulent se­ For just one example, subjecting patients to other members of our traditional three man renity of cascading waterfalls. She has oxygen under high pressure has been found team. The academic world and the great provided plains and mountains, and val­ a successful means of treating gangrene and American industrial community. leys, lakes, and rivers. To Nature's en­ in purging body tissues of carbon monoxide. dowment man has added the warmth of DEEP OCEAN TECHNOLOGY (DOT) a small town and the excitement and op­ Our Deep Ocean Technology program now MICHIGAN WEEK HERALDED portunities of a big city. And he has done in an intensive research phase is designed to advance the long-range development of tech­ so without destroying the gift of nature. nology leading to the occupation and exploi­ HON. GUY VANDER JAGT In Michigan, man and Nature together tation of the deep sea.. A priority problem is have created a wonderful place to live, the development of power sources for deep OF :MICHIGAN work, learn, and play. diving vehicles. We need quiet, reliable long IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES We cordially invite our friends from endurance operation for highly maneuverable Monday, May 20, 1968 vehicles, and those power sources now avail­ across this great country and from over­ able are too limited in capability or too ex­ Mr. VANDER JAGT. Mr. Speaker, seas to share Michigan with us. A warm pensive. Improvement in this field is a "must" today is the first day of Michigan Week welcome is waiting for all. Ma,y · 20;_1968 ·_ EX:fENSIONS OF REMARKS . 14095: A TIME FOR INITIATIVE SLOVAK NATIONALISM CONTRIB­ America, Stephen J. Tkach, is from UTES TO THE-DOWNFALL OF STAL­ Wilkes-Barre. . INISM IN CZEqIOSLOVAKIA So that all Members of Congress may HON. HUGH SCOTT learn more of the aims of the Slovak League of America, I include in the REC­ OF PENNSYLVANIA ~ HON. RICHARDS. SCHWEIKER IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES ORD the manifesto of the league dated OF PENNSYLVANIA February 26, 1963, found in the league's Monday, May 20, 1968 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES most recent edition of its annual publi­ Mr. SCOT!'. Mr. President, so that Monday, May 20, 1968 cation, "Slovakia": citizens deeply concerned with the pres­ MANIFESTO OF THE SLOVAK LEAGUE OF AMERICA ervation of our natural resources may Mr. SCHWEIKER. Mr. Speaker, in the city of Pittsburgh today and tomorrow, Americans of Slovak descent have always have an opportunity to re~d it, I ask expressed their loyalty to the United States unanimous consent that the excellent the Slovak League of America is holding of America, in harmony with their traditional statement entitled "A Time for Initia­ its jubilee congress. This congress com­ effort of preserving peace and order and help­ tive,'' prepared for Soil Stewardship memorates the Pittsburgh Pact of May ing to strengthen the principles for which 30, 1918, an agreement between the our democracy stands. A very large segment Week, which began yesterday, be printed of the Slovak nation is thankful to Almighty in the Extensions of Remarks. Czech and the Slovak peoples assuring equal representation and national rights God for having found a home in this our free There being no objection, the state­ and great republic, not only because we can ment was ordered to be p:finted in the for the Slovak minority in the new state freely express our private views and wishes, RECORD, as follows: of Czechoslovakia being formed at that but also because we can speak freely time. in behalf of a nation which has so many times CONSIDER THE TIME Despite the language of the Pittsburgh looked upon the Slovaks in the United States Across the nation, in our villages and Pact, and despite the hopes of the Slovak as their only hope for freedom and salvation. towns as well as in our cities and suburbs, people for national autonomy within · a A great milestone in the life of Americans a deep-rooted change is taking place. Natural of Slovak descent was the signing of the Pitts­ resources once taken for granted are being federative framework, the Slovaks have burgh Pact on May 30, 1918 in Pittsburgh, regarded with increasing importance. Clean had to struggle within Czechoslovakia for Pennsylvania where the Slovak League of water and air, along with trees and the their national freedom. This struggle fi­ America, representing the Slovaks in the soil, are taking on a new meaning. People nally led to the secession of Slovakia United States, met with their Czech counter­ are discovering these resources are not only from Czechoslovakia in 1939 and the for­ parts under the leadership of Thomas G. limited and vital, but vulnerable to fouling, mation of an independent state of Slo­ Masaryk. The basis of the Pittsburgh Pact lies waste, and ruin. They are awakening to the vakia until 1945, when Slovakia returned in this assertion: needs for better stewardship. On all s_ides "Slovakia shall have her own administra­ there is a new climate for conservation. to Czechoslovak government. tion, her own asseJibly, and her own courts." It is a time for initiative-for ten million Now, as the Slovak League of America This was the resul,t of the spirit of self­ actions great and small to set in motion a meets in Pittsburgh, for the first time in determination which started at the initiative tide of resource care, converting desires into Czechoslovakia's history a Slovak is the of the United States. In this spirit not only deeds and opportunities into accomplish­ most powerful political leader of that bi­ American Slovaks, but the Slovaks in Slo­ ments. national state. He is Alexander Dubcek. vakia demanded their right to a free nation, It is a time for courage--to examine your Not by coincidence, Dubcek's leadership and sincerely desired to reach an agreement conscience and measure how well you are with the Czech nation, with whom, accord­ meeting your responsibilities to God for the is helping Czechoslovakia break away ing to the Pitts,burgh Pact, they were to live care of His resources. from the Stalinist authoritarian type of in a federation. It is a time for self-examination-to iden­ government that it has had in the past. It is a historical fact that it was not the tify what new or added steps you can take The struggle of the Slovaks for full fault of the Slovaks that the spirit and letter as a responsible citizen to protect and de­ recognition has definitely contributed to of the Pittsburgh Pact was realized only at velop the resources around you. the new liberal climate of the country. the end of 1938, when there was no longer It is a time to speak up for resources­ In a recent article in the U.S. Informa­ any possibility of even a federation for the because participation is the essence of democ­ tion Agency's journal, Problems of Com­ Slovak and Czech peoples. The European and racy and the surest safeguard against dic­ world political forces dictated a new devel­ munism, the editor made this observa­ opment, which neither the Slovaks nor tation. tion: Czechs could influence. The only chance pre­ No one of us can forecast the future, but The Slovaks have long considered them­ sented to the Slovaks was to look for new each of us can look forward to what is pos­ approaches and opportunities to preserve sible and probable. selves the disfranchised of the two major ethnic groups that comprise this small their own Slovak entity. This salvation was There are clear signs of oncoming re­ Central European country, and their strug­ found, though the Slovak nation as well as source requirements. Widespread hunger is gle against the oppressive practices of the the Slovak people in the United States had on the horizon for large areas of the world. government in Prague, first inspired by spe­ hoped that this salvation would have come At home, the demand for jobs and improved cifically national grievances, has over the from the west, and especially from the income must be met partly through re­ years become both the symbol and the sub­ United States. source development. Competition for the use stance of the overall struggle against the After the second world war Slovaks found of resources of all kinds is growing and the authoritarianism of the Novotny regime. themselves under the domination of com­ need for resource products is bound to in­ munism and Czechs. Again as in the case of crease. The editor concludes that Slovak the Pittsburgh Pact, Prague leaders did not It is a time for initiative--because great nationalism is "a force that more than keep their word and the principle of self­ values are in the balance. Changes are being any other has contributed to the spec­ determination was not realized in Slovakia. tacular debacle of Czechoslovak Stalin­ On the contrary, this principle of self-deter­ made in the use of resources and more are mination was oppressed not only by the coming. What is happening is worthy of your ism." And it is this cause, Slovak na­ Czechs, but by the Soviets as well, who concern and needs your attention. tionalism, that has brought together the mercilessly stopped any attempt and expres­ It is a time to join in planning-to bring jubilee congress meeting now in the city sion for a free and democratic way of life. your experience and views to bear, along with of Pittsburgh. Remembering with reverence and admira­ those of your neighbors, on the inventory of Mr. Speaker, I am proud to note that tion our predecessors who signed this his­ resources, the identification of development the Slovak League of America-with torical document in Pittsburgh, we must ex­ possibilities, and the establishment of re­ 288,000 members---has many firm ties to press our position on this occasion, the 50th source goals in your own community and my home State of Pennsylvania. Its head­ Anniversary of the Pittsburgh Pact, nego­ watershed. tiated by the Slovak League and those Amer­ quarters is in Middletown, Pa., where the ican-Slovak organizations who joined her in It is a time to become involved-because Slovak Sisters of SS. Cyril and Method­ inaction is usually an evidence of fear or the furtherance of this Slovak objective. ius also have their headquarters. In the To the question asked here in the United apathy and neither is creditable to· a man of States and in Slovakia, "What is the position honor or a servant of God. Pittsburgh and Wilkes-Barre area live sizable communities of Slovak descent, of Americans of Slovak descent concerning It is a time of leadership---because the job Slovakia today?", the following is our re­ to be ·done is as large as the nation and the complete with their organizations and sponse: years for doing it are short. newspapers in the Slovak language. The The principles of justice, freedom, and Consider the time. Consider it well. current president of the Slovak League of democracy as represented by American 14096 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 20, 1968 thinking and action a.re sacred and un­ consider Federal bid sets aggregating $50 just started when the war .broke o.ut. Pinsk touchable to the Slovak League of America. to $100 million, and attend symposiums on was a.t that time a strategic point. It changed "The welfare, security, and preservation research and development activities and the hands as much as twice a week. Our prop­ of the future of the United States ls our ut-­ bid preparation process. erty was confiscated and th~ hotel destroyed. I most objective sincerely encourage you to join me dur­ LIVED IN RUDE CAVE "No sacrifice ls too large when the very ing Expo Week in promoting this interna­ foundations of American institutional life are tional "Think Pennsylvania" campaign for "We were forced to live- in a rude cave-­ involved, as well as the security of private· the advantage of our Commonwealth's in­ first for necessity and second for safety. The ownership. The spread of the good name · of dustrial climate. town was bein.g attacked dally and shells the United States is word, but especially in Sincerely, ripped the buildings to pieces. All during deed, in the press and by example ls primary HUGH ScOTT, the war we lived in the cave. It was hard with the Slovak League U.S. Senator. but we survived. "Bearing in mind that the Slovak nation "All during the war we never heard from was, is, and always will be a.n ally of the west, my father, but when the Armistice had been and especially the United States, giving Amer­ signed we received letters. He said that he was almost ready for us to come to America ica almost half her sons and daughters and, SUCCESS THROUGH HARD WORK ''Following and closely scrutinizing the de­ and Memphis. In 1921 we left Pinsk for War­ velopments in Slovakia., and knowing that IS OLD STORY saw, where we stayed five months making freedom ls a. gift from God, The Slavik League arrangements. Then by trains to the ·coast of America endorses the hlghegt right of the HON. DAN KUYKENDALL and third-class passenger berths to the land Slovak nation, and requests for Slovakia. a.n of opportunity." independent Slovak Republic, which govern­ OF TENNESSD Young Wener started to school in Mem­ ment and judicial system wm be chosen by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES phis at Christine Grade School. During the first few weeks he showed the teachers that the Slovak people in a. free and democratic Monday, May 20, 1968 election." he was ready for more work, despite his ln this behalf, so help us God! Mr.KUYI{ENI>ALL.Mr.Speaker,very handicap in English. He was placed in the February 26, 1968. · often we excuse the inability of some of fifth grade and later to the sixth. He found STEPHEN J. TKACH, English slightly difficult at first and would our present-day generation to make good have recited his lessons in German, Polish, President. on the frustrations created by the war Dr. JosEPH PAuco, Russian or Hebrew if his teacher would have Secretary. and the failure of society to provide permitted. RT. REV. THEODORE KoJIS, 0.S.B. proper opportunity. In apologizing for He completed the eight years• work in two JOHN A. SABoL, the failures we overlook the fact that and one-half years, finishing third in his JOSEPH PRUSA, success has always come only through class. He entered South Side High School JOSEPH KRISTOFIK, work, dedication, and the will to get and finished the four-year course in a record Executive Committee. time of two and one-half years. He was third ahead. again in his class. He also won a medal for Just to remind some who are sure that being the best drilled and dressed cadet in the only way we can now make people Memphis in R.O.T.C. competition while he INVITATION TO PENNSYLVANIA successful and happy is to provide for was at South Side. MANUFACTURERS TO ATTEND all their needs through public charity, The year 1926 found him studying at the FEDERAL-STATE PROCUREMENT that the road to success has never been University of Tennessee for a B.S. degree. CONFERENCE OF PENNSYLVANIA easy, I would like to include as a part He finished a four-year course in two yea.rs INDUSTRY EXPOSITION and ranked among the leaders in his class. of these remarks a remarkable story Now Wednesday he will have completed his which appeared in the Memphis Com­ work for his M.D. degree in a period of three mercial Appeal on December 14, 1931: years and two months. He ls again among HON. HOWARD H. BAKER, JR. POLISH YOUTH TOPS BARRIERS To GAIN DE­ the class leaders. OF TENNESSEE GREE IN 10 YEARS: IN 1921, SAMUEL ISA­ F-01'1.owing commencement he will serve an IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES DORE WENER ENTERED GRADE ScHOOL HERE-­ internship at the Lutheran Hospital at Des HE Wn.L RECEIVE DEGREES AT UNIVERSITY OF Moines, Iowa. Monday, May 20, 1968 TENNESSEE WEDNESDAY Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I am Ten yea.rs a.go a. Polish youth, 13 and bash­ pleased to call attention to the invita­ ful, walked hesitatingly into the first-grade tion extended to Pennsylvania manu­ classroom at Christine Grade School. Wednes­ REVEREND DR. ABERNATHY EX­ facturers by the distinguished Senator day afternoon the same youth-slightly PLAINS GOALS OF POOR IN RES­ from Pennsylvania [Mr. ScoTT]. Govern­ taller and bespectacled-will receive his doc­ tor of medicine and bachelor of science de­ URRECTION CITY ment procurement has become an im­ grees at the commencement exercises at the mense factor in today's industrial pic­ University of Tennessee, College o! Medicine. ture. In recognition of the manufac­ He ls Samuel Isadore Wener, san of Mrs. HON. JOSEPHS. CLARK turer's need to know how to deal with Taube Wener, 255 South Parkway, East. OF PENNSYLVANXA Government procurement, Senator ScoTT Wener has conquered the 20-year barrier o! IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES has issued an invitation which I ask study to his medical degree, which led from unanimous consent to have printed in the his poverty stricken oave home in Pinsk, Monday, May 20, 1968 Poland, during the World War, to Memphis, RECORD. in 10 years. Not only that, but he has always Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, a great There being no objection, the invita­ been an honor student. many Americans are deeply bewildered tion was ordered to be printed in the about the Poor People's Campaign which RECORD, as follows: WORK AND SACRIFICE is now burgeoning in Washington near DEAR FRIEND: I have watched with great "It hasn't been so hard to make it," Wener the Lincoln Memorial. At least 3,000 poor interest the progress ot the Pennsylvania In­ says, "but it has meant work and sacrifice." people from the four corners of the dustry Exposition during the past year. The "You see, I was so used to working ha.rd show ls now just a few short weeks away, when I lived in Poland that when I came to Nation are expected to be living in West and I believe it to be an industrial event America I just kept on working ha.rd and Potomac Park by the time the plywood of international significance which you will fighting to catch up with the other young encampment, known as Resurrection want to attend. men of my age. I had a 13-year handicap City, reaches its peak population toward Your company may have special interest when I started-but I'm one up on some of the end of the month. in the Federal/State Procurement Confer­ them now!' What do the marchers want, these poor ence being held June 25 and 26 during the Born in Pinsk in 1908, he was the first son people from the Mississippi Delta and the Expo's Trade Show Days. There are two com­ of Mr. and Mrs. Wener. His father, an auto­ plimentary tickets enclosed which admit you mobile salesman in Pinsk, heard of the op­ slums of New York City? What are the or your representative to both the Trade portunities in America and in 1910 left his goals of these poverty-stricken men and Show and the Procurement Conference. two sons with his wife and ea.tne to Memphis· women from the ghettos of Los Angeles, The Procurement Conference will bring to seek his fortune. Chicago, Atlanta, and Memphis? Pennsylvania manufacturers up-to-the­ "My mother assisted my uncle in running Reading their newspaper stories about minute information on what products all a hotel in Pinsk, while my father was getting the Poor People's Campaign and watch­ government agencies are buying and how to located in Memphis," Wener said. "It was ing the television reports on Resurrection succeed in bidding. in that way that she was able to support us About 17 Federal Civilian and Defense for it took a long time for my father to get City, most Americans are aware that Agencies, 12 State agencies and 30 prime to America and get started in business. the marchers seek a great measure of contractors are to participate in the Pro­ "Everything seemed to be going along fine social and economic justice, jobs, larger curement Conference. You will be able to until 1914. I was enrolled in school. I had opportunities, and dignity. May 20, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14097 But beyond that probably most Amer­ great care is _taken to make sure that a.n the richest and most powerful corporations environment is created where animals can be in the world-can we do all these things, and icans are vague about the intentions and happy and feel at home. Are the poor citizens yet not provide a Job that pays a living wage, the objectives of the Poor People's Cam- of this land entitled to any less consideration a decent house, the food to make a child paign and the marchers. · by their government? healthy and strong? In order to clarify the goals of the The unemployment rates in our rural and Pending in this Subcommittee is a bill to marchers, the Subcommittee on Em­ urban ghettos are of alarming proportions. protect farm workers through collective ployment, Manpower, and Poverty invit­ This Commission knows better than anyone bargaining. We urge its immediate enaction ed as its principal witness on April 30, that, despite America's widely publicized af­ with maximum safeguards for the workers. 1968, the Reverend Dr. Ralph D. Aber­ fluence, hundreds of thousands of Americans Members of this Subcommittee have held daily drag out their lives in depths of an poverty hearings all over the country. nathy. The Poor People's Campaign was economic Depression as crippling as this You went to Mississippi. You went to conceived by the martyred Dr. Martin country has ever known. Appalachia. You heard about what hunger Luther King. The man who succeeded the There are those who like to salve their does and you saw some of its scars with your Reverend Dr. King as leader of the march consciences and confirm their prejudices by own eyes. And then you came back to and as head of the Southern Christian saying that most of the poor really don't Washington. - Leadership Conference is the Reverend want to work, that poor people really prefer We have come here to see you today to Dr. Abernathy. I ask unanamous con­ the shabby and insulting handouts which tell you that the people you heard, the sent that the Reverend Dr. Abernathy's represents Welfare in too many cities and children you saw, are still where you left counties in this country. We are here to tell them-and they are still hungry. testimony before our subcommittee be you that this is not true. We are here be­ There are programs to be sure. But a food printed in the RECORD. cause we want to work. But we are tired of stamp program doesn't feed people who don't There being no objection, the testi­ being told that there are no jobs for which have the money or the jobs to help them buy mony was ordered to be printed in the we are qualified. We want training pro­ stamps-however low you cut the costs. RECORD, as follows: grams. But we are tired of training pro­ The food stamps do not even offer a bitter STATEMENT OF THE REVEREND DR. RALPH grams that either screen us out by discrim- pill to swallow for the poor people who live DAVID ABERNATHY, PRESIDENT OF THE SOUTH- ination or meaningless tests, which ask our in some 256 of the neediest counties of this ERN CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE BE- families to suffer from inadequate support country that are without any food program FORE THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON EMPLOY- While we are in training. But the most bitter at all. We do not understand how this can :MENT, MANPOWER, AND POVERTY, APRIL 30 mockery of all is to find that either there is be tolerated in a land as rich as ours. 1968 ' no job at all waiting at the end, or that The Citizens' Board of Inquiry into Hun­ ger and Malnutrition in the United States Mr. Chairman and members of this com- we are once again condemned to exchange has documented the extent of extreme hun­ mittee, we appreciate the opportunity to our manhood for dead-end jobs which pay ?er in this country. Many federal officials, oome before you today. We come to you as a boy's wages. including the officials of the Department of representatives of Black, Indian, Mexican- Existing programs for creating jobs sim­ Agriculture, do not deny the accuracy of this Amert.oan, Puerto Rican, and White-Amert- ply are not working. The Concentrated Em­ report. cans, who ·are the too-long forgotten hungry ployment Program which the Labor Depart­ In the face of this overwhelming evidence, and jobless outcasts in this land of plenty. ment predicted would produce 150,000 jobs we do not understand why the Department We come because poor fathers and mothers by January 1968 produced only 8,000 jobs. of Agriculture hesitates. We do not under­ want a house to live in that will protect their Why? What went wrong? Can it be that we stand how the Department of Agriculture children against the bitter winter cold the , are still trying the same old approaches and could turn back to the Treasury $220 million searing heat of summer and the rain 'that the same people to try to solve the problems that could be used to feed the hungry merely now too often comes in through the cracks of the poor? We cannot answer these ques­ by declaring what everyone admits is true-­ in our roofs and walls. We have come here tions. We can only say that we need those that a serious emergency exists in these to say that we don't think it's too much to thousands of still uncreated jobs. We need counties. ask for a decent place to live in at reasonable them badly. We need them now. We need to We do not understand why the Surgeon prices in a country with a Gross National have money in our pockets, to be able to hold General has not yet begun to s,tudy the ex­ Product of 800 billion dollars. We don't think our heads up and make our families proud tent of hunger and malnutrition in this it's too radical to want to help choose the of us. We need a minimum of one million country as directed by this committee many type of housing and the location. we don't jobs in the public and private sector this months ago. think it's asking for pie in the sky to want year and another million jobs over the next Does this country care so little for us? And to live in neighborhoods where our families four years. If we are serious about wanting if we count for so little, how can our country can live and grow up with dignity, surround- to provide economic opportunities for the expect us to continue to care for it when it ed by the kind of facilities and services that poor, then we must see to it that the welfare is so unmindful of our most basic needs to other Americans take for granted. And we trap is sprung for the able-bodied, so that survive? want to play a productive pa.rt in building they can get out of poverty and stay out. We ask your assistance. those houses and facilities, and in helping to At the same time we must provide for, not We request that this Committee obtain provide some of those services. punish through restrictive rules and pitiful information from the Department of Agri­ It is a cruel fact that too few of our fellow allowances, those mothers who may choose to culture on the steps it has taken to alleviate Americans know or care that existing housing stay at home and raise their children as other conditions of hunger and malnutrition programs for poor people are totally inade- mothers do. We must insure support at a within the last twelve months. We request quate. But then maybe too few of them have civilized level for those who are too young, that you ask the Department of Agriculture 8een with their own eyes the reservations the too old, or who are physically or mentally dis­ what action it will take in the immediate Inigrant camps, the shacks and lean-~s in abled. We need an immediate income mainte­ future to bring food to the neediest counties rural Mississippi and Alabama, the teeming nance program. At a bare Ininimum this and the neediest people of this nation. ghettos and barrios of the North and West Congress should set a fair Federal standard We ask that this Committee give serious where we and our children are literally per- ?f need for welfare payments. And we must, and prompt consideration to the recom­ ishing. Can it really be believed that we m the name of God, repeal the forced work mendations of the Citizens• Board of Inquiry really don't care that our children are bitten program for mothers and the freeze on AFDC into Hunger and Malnutrition in the United by rats, that we are packed into barren mothers contained in the Social Security Act States: cubbyholes, plagued by roaches, our health of 1967. A declaration that a national emergency threatened by roaches and garbage? surely it We have heard all our lives that there are exists; must be understood that we must not we no gains without pains. And all our lives we An emergency food program in the 256 cannot, we will not continue this way. ' have had to endure the pains without gains. hunger counties; We call upon the Congress to pass legisla- Is it too much to ask that this time if taxes Access to food programs on the basis of tion that will provide for the thousands of are raised and expenditures cut, it not be need, not on the basis of place of residence; new units of low income housing so desper- done at the expense of the poor? While we Proposal of a free Food Stamp Program ately needed this year, and for the thousands regard the Clark bill now pending before keyed to income, dependents and medical more that must be added in the next three Congress as only a beginning, we want it to expenses; or four years if all of our people are to be pass. But why do those who ask, "Where will Special recognition of the dietary needs of housed like human beings. We ask that Con- the money come from?" look always to the children, pregnant women, the aged and the gress give the solid support and all the neces- programs that will help those who already sick; f d t have least? We ask those who would wield School lunch programs that are available to sary un s o make the rent supplement pro- the meat ax on appropriations to think a every child; gram the stabilizing force it can be; we ask hi that Model City programs be expanded from w le this time before they wield it against If you can do these things, you will have the black and brown and white Americans made a small start. neighborhoods to eommunities and that pro- whose children too often go to sleep with­ The poor and the hungry of this nation grams be passed which will give poor people out having had either meat or bread. Must cannot understand how you can do less. a chance to be home-owners rather than we support a multi-billion dollar space pro­ We do not believe that it should be too slum-renters. gram, a massive defense budget, Inillions for hard to know where the choice of a wise and we have heard that when zoos are planned, supersonic pleasure planes, tax advantages to just Government must lie. 14098 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 20, 1968 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND to devote to the important field of agricul­ 1ng character of industry. Great progress has HEALTH ACT OF 1968 tural health. been made in protection against mechanical A shortage of trained, qualified personnel hazards but the shift from a mechanical to exist.a in the 1leld of occupational health. a broadly diversified chemical industry has HON. FRANK THOMPSON, JR. Many job vacancies are evident in various introduced a truly kaleidoscopic array of state and local health department programs. new hazards. Each year over 500 previously OF NEW JERSEY There is not a qualified industrial hygienist unknown or unutilized chemicals are intro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES out of work in the United States today-the duced into industry, usually without ade­ Monday, May 20, 1968 demand is so great and personnel so few! quate knowledge about their potential tox­ Postgraduate training as would be provided icity. Especially is this the case in small in­ Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey. Mr. in H.R. 14816 is badly needed. In a small dustries that possess no facilities for inde­ Speaker, I recently testified before the way, we in the New Jersey State Department pendent study. Thus as fast as the hazards Select Subcommittee on Labor in sup­ of Health are endeavoring to provide refresher incidental to use of one chemical are recog­ courses for industrial nurses of which there n~zed and suitable protective measures port of H.R. 14816, the Occupational are about 800 in our State. During the past adopted, others of unknown potential are Safety and Health Act of 1968, which, I year we gave two ten-week courses, each lim­ introduced. To a high degree this is a never­ believe, will aid in establishing sound ited to an attendance of 25 nurses. All courses ending battle. Control agencies cannot rest standards for safe and healthy places of have been greatly oversubscribed, and the on their laurels or even slacken their vigi­ work. presently planned course was filled long be­ lence; on the contrary, expanded controls Also testifying in behalf of the bill was fore announced. must be established in anticipation of even Dr. Miriam Sachs, director of the New The medical-engineering team approach more complex problems. to occupational health in New Jersey has An additional facet of the problem is to be Jersey Office of Comprehensive Health evolved largely as an activity of the State found in the much neglected area of agri­ Planning on the actual operation -of the Department of Health. A written agreement ~ultural hazards. Until recent years, atten­ occupational health program in my own exists between the New Jersey State Commis­ tion was directed almost exclusively to urban State. I include at this Point the text of sioner of Health and the Commissioner of industry, with complete neglect of the needs Dr. Sach's testimony before the sub­ Labor and Industry which places major re­ of the farm worker. He has always been ex­ committee: sponsibility for industrial safety in the Labor posed to certain hazards, such as those inci­ Department and for occupational health in dental to weather and association With ani­ Occ~ATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT OF 1968 the Health Department. mals, far less easily regulated than those. of (Statement by Miriam Sachs, MD., director Each Department assists the other when a closed and supervised factory environment. of the Office of Comprehensive Health requested. We believe health matters func­ Current trends toward mechanization of ag­ Planning, and E. Lynn Schall, chief of the tion better in health departments and that riculture and increasing use of synthetic Occupational Health Program, New Jersey greater progress in preventive aspects of dis­ chemicals as fertilizers or as pesticides have State Department of Health, Roscoe P. ease has been made because health special­ introduced many new hazards. The character Kandle, M.D., commissioner, before the ists have dealt with health problems. of these hazards and the extensive use of Select Subcommittee on Labor, House Com­ It is with a great feeling of satisfaction unskilled and often migratory labor have mittee on Education and Labor, on H.R. that we have noted that H.R. 14816 mandates made control doubly difficult, especially since 14816, February 28, 1968) a similar working arrangement between the the rural areas where these hazards exist are Mr. Chairman and members of the Com­ Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare in general served by smaller and less highly mittee, my name is Miriam Sachs and I am and the Secretary of Labor. organized health services than are the cities, a physician with the New Jersey State De­ "A necessary ingredient in a sound safety a.nd many areas enjoy almost no local service. partment of Health. program is a comprehensive research effort. H.R. 14816 recognizes this in its assignment URGENT NEED FOR RESEARCH For eight years I was in charge of the Bu­ of responsibilities to the Secretary of Health, An inseparably associated requisite f.or the reau of Occupational Health for the New Education, and Welfare. The Secretary of future, therefore, is the need for research. It Jersey State Health Departm.ent; I then be­ Health, Education, and Welfare would con­ is relatively easy to envision the potential came District State Health Officer in the duct, either directly or by grants, research in effect of the many increasing hazards of the Metropolitan State Health District, covering the field of occupational safety and health. environment. It is equally obvious that just our five most urbanized and industrialized "With this research, the Secretary of as these hazards are by-products of modem counties, and I am currently Director of the Health, Education, and Welfare will develop scientific progress, so must their control re­ Office of Comprehensive Health Planning (the criteria for the Secretary of Labor to use in quire complicated technological procedures. 314(a) State agency under 89-749, Partner­ establishing the safety and health standards. Unfortunately, however, effective and prac­ ship for Health). With such research and criteria, the Secretary tical procedures for the removal of all cur­ I have qualified myself in some detail be­ of Labor's development of up-to-date and rent hazards are not known. Procedures that cause I wish it quite clear that my training operative safety and health standards Will be were effective in control of yesterday's rela­ and background are the basis for full sup­ greatly facilitated." tively simple environmental hazards are not port and accord with the concepts of H.R. To assess the extent of the need for in­ necessarily applicable today when modern 14816. dustrial health and safety services, it is chemical industry releases into the environ­ In these days of scarce manpower, we must necessary to know the incidence and trends ment, in plant and out of plant, a con­ conserve the manpower that we have, and in industrial disability. Evidence on this sub­ stantly changing variety of substances, many what is more important, increase the produc­ ject is derived from four sources: of which are of unknown physiological sig­ tivity of that manpower by maintaining their 1. Statistics of industrial accidents nificance. Nature has provided no model for health, and providing the safest possible en­ 2. Statistics on the evidence of occupa­ their removal from water, air or food, nor can vironment for their working hours. It is our tional diseases it be expected that a procedure devised to­ deepest obligation to ensure as safe and 3. Data on the extent of the exposure of morrow and etrective against a particular healthful a work place for the industrial and workers to occupational hazards potentially chemical would be equally effective against agricultural workers as it is to conduct school dangerous to their health, and all. The problems of protection against cur­ health programs and prevention of school and 4. The statistics of differential mortality rent or future hazards are vastly more diffi­ playground accidents for our children. and morbidity by income group and occu­ cult than those of yesterday, yet no one can I wish to comment on bill H.R. 14816 "Oc­ pation. say that they are scientifically insoluble nor cupational Safety and Health Act of 1968.'' In none of these fields do available data economically impossible. The New Jersey State Department of Health approximate adequacy. The studies and dem­ Quite obviously the answers will be found has conducted an Occupational Health Pro­ onstrations authorized in H.R. 14816, and in research. The scientific mind that can gram since the year 1942. We have served some set up ultimately as standards, will, I am unravel the atom, determine the chemical 32,000 industries employing in excess of two sure, correct these deficiencies and give us bases of life and inheritance, or explore the million workers. Nowhere in the world will a sound foundation for planning a compre­ reaches of outer space can confidently be you find as great a divergence of products hensive health and safety program for expected to find etfective ways to regulate manufactured as in our State, often termed workers. the environment to the extent necessary to the "industrial crossroads of the world." We THE GROWING PROBLEM eliminate or minimize its hazards. But re­ have worked diligently in an effort to prevent About thirty years ago, a survey conducted search is both costly and time consuming. No or control diseases in industry. We have been by the Division of Industrial Hygiene of the future program of environmental control, no plagued with a lack of funds and too few National Institute of Health, in fifteen states matter how logically structured, politically, personnel to adequately perform our duties. and covering almost 1,500,000 workers in 1'6,- socially, or economically, can succeed unless Fifty-two percent of all reported industrial 800 plants listed the important materials it provides for generous support of research. diseases represent dermatitis, a condition to and products used in the industrial life of This also is beyond the bounds of small which we cannot give attention because re­ the United States. population units, whether commercial, aca­ quests from industrial plant management, In the intervening years, especially since demic or governmental. While one may con­ organized labor and others, for assistance in the advent of the nuclear age and the laser fidently anticipate that industry will make detecting and preventing harmful conditiona beam, the number of chemicals and mixed major contributions in research leading to utilize all available time and analytical equip­ exposures has increased astronomically. The new methods of environmental control, and ment. We have never had time nor facilities problem is further complicated by the chang- that the application of much of this will ac- May 20, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14099 crue to the financial benefit of industry, one A. The Department of Health in perform­ At the time he and the late Speaker cannot fail to recognize the ultimate re­ ing its health functions, including the initia­ Sam Rayburn alternately directed the sponsibillty of the Federal government, for tion of surveys and studies of occupational the results of such research will be for the health problems, Will continue its practice destinies of the House of Representa­ benefit of all the people. of recommending action to industry and will tives, that legislative body was never higher in prestige. NEED FOR TRAINED MANPOWER send routinely to the Department of Labor and Industry data it may obtain in the Joe Martin was a fine, fair, and able Inseparably connected with the develop­ course of its surveys pertinent to the func­ public servant. ment of effective control and research pro­ tions of the Department of Labor and In- grams is the problem of qualified manpower He was my longtime friend. The Na­ dustry. · tion misses his wisdom and advice, as do and its training. The increasing complexity B. The Department of Labor and Industry of the environmental problems awaiting solu­ 1ri performing its functions of plant inspec­ those like me who respected him and tion cannot be resolved by generalists with a tion, correction and enforcement, will send were devoted to him. smattering of knowledge in many diverse routinely to the Department of Health data areas but a mastery of none. Positions of it may obtain in the course of its inspections responsible leadership will demand the serv­ p ertinentt to the functions of the Depart­ ices of engineers with specialized knowledge, m ent of Health. JOHNSTOWN KIWANIS CLUB of chemists, of physicists, meteorologists, C. Instances of occupational disease where veterinarians, microbiologists, food technolo­ investigation by the Department of Health gists and various other professional groups, is deemed necessary or desirable by the De­ HON. JOHN P. SAYLOR each with advanced and highly technical partment of Labor and Industry, the De­ OF PENNSYLVANIA knowledge in a particular field. partment of Labor and Industry will request IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The provision of educational training facil­ the Department of Health to conduct the ities is an obvious responsibility of the uni­ survey or study. The Department of Health Monday, May 20, 1968 versities, which must develop expanded pro­ will complete the requested investigatio.n as grams not only of research but also of pro­ soon as feasible and Will transmit its findings Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, in these fessional education in the many faceted to the Department of Labor and Industry. days of government paternalism that at­ problems of environmental health. But the The Department of Labor and Industry will tempts to assett its influence in as many universities cannot be expected to accom­ forward the original report of the Depart­ homes as possible through the age-old plish this without the closest possible asso­ ment of Health With the report from the De­ selling technique of gifts and promises, ciation with control agencies, for while partment of Labor and Industry to the re­ private charity and community service fundamental scientific knowledge may be sp ective industrial plant involved. A copy of acquired within the academic world, its ap­ receive far less attention than they the complete report from the Department of merit. plication to the community problems can Labor and Industry will be forwarded to the usually be learned best through experience Department of Health. Whenever the find­ True, the average wage earner has with community control programs. It is not ings of such a survey or study revoo.l non­ little left to contribute to the better­ idle theory to envision these programs, staffed compliance with established law, codes or ment of his needy neighbor and his with well-trained scientific personnel, serv­ regulations, the corrective or enforcement neighborhood after government has ex­ ing essentially as extensions of the academic procedure necessary to effoot compliance Will acted its tribute, yet somehow Ameri­ classroom and laboratory far more than is remain within the jurisdiction of the Depart­ the case at present. cans find it possible to salvage the where­ ment of Labor and Industry. withal to support humanitarian orga­ H.R. 14816 as presently written under D. Whenever the Department of Health is Section 17 authorizes the Secretary of Labor of the opinion, on the basis of plant survey, nizations that are so essential to the to make grants up to ninety per centum of that need exists for enforcement action, it brotherhood and health of every com­ the states' total cost to assist in identifying will so no tify the Department of Labor and munity. their needs and responsibilities in the area Industry of the netld for such aotion. The Kiwanis International is recognized as of occupational safety and health and de­ Department of Labor and Industry will initi­ a vibrant group of business and profes­ velop programs. These grants can be made ate appropriate proceedings to effect remedial sional men dedicated to promoting the until the year ending June 30, 1971. If these action as may be necessary as soon as feasible Federal funds are withdrawn completely at best interests of their localities. Often and will report progress in this regard to the overlooked, however, are many accom­ that time, state programs could not be ex­ Department of Health. pected to continue to function efficiently. We E. The Department of Health and the De­ plishments of service clubs and individ­ urge that consideration be given to continua­ p artment of Labor and Industry will jointly ual members directed at helping young­ tion of support beyond 1971. develop and publish rules, regulations and sters to become better citizens and to Thank you, Mr. Chairman and members informational bulletins designed to prevent improve moral standards. of the Committee, for the opportunity of or control the contraction of occupational Kiwanis has designed programs to presenting our views. illness by industrial employees. build respect for law and order, to foster F. The Department of Labor and Industry safety on the highways and in the home, AGREEMENT OF COOPERATION BETWEEN THE and the Department of Health Will exchange and to encourage national and interna­ DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY AND occupational disease statistlcs and other re­ THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALT H OF THE STATE lated data pertinent to the functions of each tional friendship and understanding. The OF NEW JERSEY Department. Methods and forms to be used mentally ill, the aged, and the socially Whereas the laws of New Jersey (R.S. 34:6- in accomplishing this exchange will be jointly maladjusted have also become a Kiwanis 48) give to the Department of Labor and developed and instituted as quickly as responsibility, and the organization's in­ Industry the authority and responsibility of feasible. terest extends to preservation of the na­ administering and enforcing the requirement We do further agree that nothing in this tional heritage and conservation of natu­ that every employer shall, without cost to Agreement is intended to alter in any way ral resources as well as public forums his employees, provide reasonably effective the powers, duties and responsibilities of and participation in civic affairs. devices, means and methods to prevent the either Department as set forth in the New contraction by them of any illness or disease Jersey Statutes. Next May 22 the Kiwanis Club of incident to the work or process in which Witnesseth: Johnstown Pa., will observe its 50th an­ they are engaged; and, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY niversary. My own father was a charter Whereas the laws of New Jersey (Chapter RAYMOND MALE, member of this club, so I was witness to 177 P.L. 1947) delegate authority and respon­ Com missioner. much of its good work long before I sibility to the Department of Health to DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH could become a member. What has been formulate comprehensive policies for the ROSCOE P. KANDLE, M.D., recorded in Johnstown over the years promotion of public hoo.lth and the preven­ C.ommissioner. may admittedly be small by comparison tion of disease Within the State, and to ad­ Dated: September 29, 1960, Trenton, New minister or supervise a program of industrial Jersey. to the contributions of Kiwanis clubs in hygiene, encourage the establishment of metropolitan cities, yet I question medical, dental, environmental engineering whether any group could surpass our and nursing services in all industrial plants SPEAKER JOSEPH W. MARTIN, JR. membership in the devotion and energy in the .State, and to cooperate With the De­ that has been invested in community partment of Labor and Industry in formulat­ service. The history of Kiwanis of Johns­ ing ·rules and regulations concerning in­ HON. STUART SYMINGTON town can be an inspiration to citizens dustrial sanitary conditions; and, OF MISSOURI everywhere, and for this reason I in­ Whereas we, the Commissioners of the two Departments desire to perform our du­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES clude the following brief recording of our first 50 years in the CONGRESSIONAL ties and ~sponsibllitles pursuant to statute Monday, May 20, 1968 in the most economical, a.nd expeditious man­ RECORD: ner. Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President, HISTORY We do hereby agree to coordinate our ac:­ Speaker Joseph W. Martin, Jr., was one The first meeting to establish a Kiwanis tivities a.B follows.: of the great Americans of this century. Club in Johnstown was held on February 5, 14100 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 20, 1968 1918. In attendance were twelve men who vol­ program in helping to eliminate the isola­ the land is forested. Its mountains offer some unteered to assist in starting the club. The tion which pas lessened the ability of the of the most beautiful landscapes in America, growth was very rapid during the next few Appalachian region to participate in the readily lending themselves to tourism ahd weeks and on April 15, 1918 the membership recreation. reached 100 in number. At that time perma­ fullest economic progress of the Nation. "Yet this natural endowment has benefited nent officers were elected. The charter was I share with Mr. Bridwell the belief that too few of the 15.3 million people of Appa­ presented at a Charter Night Party held in these roads will improve the social and lachia." the Chamber of Commerce rooms, Fort Stan­ economic well-being of the people of our · But in 1965, through enactment of the wix Hotel, on May 22, 1918. region and will pay substantial dividends Appalachian Regional Development Act, Many sn:all projects were completed during to the rest of the Nation as a result. I Congress took affi.rmative action aimed at the first five years of the club. The final proj­ commend Mr. Bridwell's remarks to all opening the region to development. Among ect of this period was an industrial exposi­ in other things, the Act provided for a system tion held for the purpose of improving the who are interested solutions to re­ of roads throughout Appalachia that would business understanding of the community gional economic development and I am augment the Interstate and Federal-aid pri­ and surrounding area. It was a tremendous particularly appreciative of his deep com­ mary and secondary systems. During the success and the.club found the treasury was mitment to a successful Appalachian course of committee hearings preceding the increased by $9000.00 With this money the highway program. · approval of the Act, it became obvious from club established the Tiny Tim Club, Inc. Dur­ Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ the testimony of witnesses that what Appa­ ing the past 45 years the Tiny Tim Club, Inc. sent that Mr. Bridwell's speech and a lachia needed above all was an adequate has rendered approximately $100,000 worth Logan Banner news article describing the highway system that would penetrate the of assistance to underprivileged youth and region's isolation. adults of the Greater Johnstown Area. Money meeting be printed in the Extensions of This view was shared by the President's to carry on this work is raised through mem­ Remarks. Commission which said: "The remoteness bership campaigns, pancake days, personal There being no objection, the items and Isolation of this region lying directly and estate gifts and other fund-raising proj­ were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, adjacent to the greatest concentrations of ects. Every cent raised is used to rebuild a as follows: people and wealth in the country is the very physically handicapped youth or adult who REMARKS OF LOWELL K. BRIDWELL, FEDERAL basis of the Appalachian lag." The Commis­ cannot finance their needs to live a normal HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATOR, AT THE LOGAN sion emphasized the need for highways by life. All expenses required to operate the Tiny COUNTY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ANNUAL pointing out: "Its (Appalachia) penetration Tim Club, Inc. are borne by the Kiwanis BANQUET, LOGAN COUNTY, W. VA., MAY 7, by an adequate transportation network is the Club. 1968 first requisite of its full participation in in­ In addition to our Tiny Tim Club activity, dustrial America." much has been done for the privileged youth I am happy to have this opportunity to As you know, the 1965 Act authorized $840 of our area through sponsoring a AAABA discuss with you the Appalachian Highway million in Federal funds for the construc­ baseball team, Girl Scouts, Boy Scouts, Key Program both because of what it means to tion of 2,350 miles of development highways Clubs and a Circle K Club at the Johnstown you and because it is a classic substantiation and 1,000 miles of local access roads over a Center of the University of Pittsburgh. of the philosophy that underlies highway six-year period. States included in the pro­ · Our comradery and good fellowship over building. gram were Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, the luncheon table is all the more happier To those concerned with supplying the Maryland, New York, North Carolina, Ohic', due to the knowledge that we have been Nation with the highway transportation fa­ Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, building boys and girls into wholesome citi­ cilities it needs, there is a direct link be­ Virginia and West Virginia. The Act was zens. Our history is one of many accomplish­ tween a road improvement and the socio­ amended in 1967 and authorized an addi­ ments performed by fun-loving men who take logical and economic well-being of the Unit­ tional $175 million in Federal funds for the pleasure and pride in their service in Kiwanis. ed States. constructon of 350 more miles of develop­ The advantageous effects are first felt by ment highways and 600 more miles of local those living in the immediate vicinity of the access roads. Mississippi was added to the roadway. Benefits are then enjoyed by those list of States. llving in the corridor traversed. And like a The 2,700 miles of development highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRA­ pebble dropped in a body of water, the rip­ will improve accessibility of the region, and TOR LOWELL K. BRIDWELL DIS­ ples spread far and wide until the State and reduce both the time and cost of high­ CUSSES APPALACHIAN ROAD Nation reap the benefits resulting from im­ way transportation to and within Appalachia. PROGRAM AT LOGAN COUNTY, proved accessibility and mob111ty. We anticipate that when they are com­ W. VA., CHAMBER OF COMMERCE For too many years, Appalachia has suf­ pleted, they will help accelerate the overall BANQUET fered from an insuffi.ciency of highway trans­ development of the region. The reduction in portation. Here is a beautiful area of our cost of transportation will be reflected in the country, bountifully endowed with natural price of goods and thereby wm place Appa­ resources but with a virtually untapped po­ lachian industrial plants on a better com­ HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH tential for tourist, recreational, commercial petitive basis with industries elsewhere. The OF WEST vmGINIA and industrial development partially because same wm hold true for agricultural and for­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES of the lack of adequate transportation fac111- estry products. Within Appalachia, the ties. worker will be able to accept desirable em­ Monday, May 20, 1968 The Appalachian Mountain range stretch­ ployment at distances from his home which Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, on ing in a general northeast to southwest di­ now are virtually closed to him because of Tuesday, May 7, it was my privilege to rection has been and still is a barrier to the transportation difficulties. introduce Lowell K. Bridwell, Federal east-west and north-south movement of The 1,600 miles of access roads will serve Highway Administrator, at the banquet goods and people. special recreational, residential, commercial Much has been written about Appalachia and industrial needs, and will facmtate of the Logan County Chamber of Com­ in the past. But probably the best descrip­ school consolidation programs. These roads merce. tion I have read was in the report of the may provide feeder links to development The chamber of commerce banquet is President's Appalachian Regional Commis­ highways or Interstate routes. Some are local an annual highlight in Logan County, sion published in 1964 which said: service routes to industrial parks. Some will and this year's meeting was another "Appalachia is a region apart--geographi­ exploit the potential of new investments in highly successful event--with approx­ cally and statistically. It is a mountain land recreation. You in West Virginia have an important imately 300 persons in attendance. Th~ boldly upthrust between the prosperous eastern seaboard and the industrial Middle stake in this program. With $1.015 billion organization is an active and effective West--a highland region which sweeps authorized by Congress for highways within force for projects and programs for the diagonally across 11 States from northern the region, $945 million is to be used for betterment of Logan County and our Pennsylvania to northern Alabama. Its ridges construction of the development system. The State. The members of the chamber have and twisted spurs and valleys measure to 165,- Appalachian Regional Commission has al­ an intense interest in what is being done 000 square miles-an area 10 times the size loted $261,908,000 or 27.7 percent of the $945 and what is being proposed to assist our of Switzerland. million to West Virginia. communities and our citizens. "Appalachia has natural advantages which This is a sizable share of the total amount. Speaking to this public-spirited orga­ might normally have been the base for a Your State will have about 428 miles or thriving industrial and commercial complex. about 15.9 percent of the 2,700 miles au­ nization, Federal Highway Administrator Below its surface lie some of the Nation's thorized by the Appalachian legislation. Bridwell embraced the opportunity to richest mineral deposits, including the seams For the construction of local access roads, stress the importance of the Appalachian which have provided almost two-thirds of West Virginia has been allocated $5,371,159 highway program as an essential ele­ the Nation's coal supply. The region receives of the $70 mill1on authorized by Congress ment in securing economic development. an annual rainfall substantially above the for this type of highway. He cogently described the merits of this national average. More than three-fifths of The normal Federal share of Appalachian May 20, ,1968 :eXTENSIONS OF ~MARKS , 14101 funds 1s 70 percent, except for the develop­ enough to leave for fields of lusher employ­ planning will start this year; actual con­ ment highway system where funds for con­ ment opportunities. As a result, these areas . struction in 1969, with completion of the struction of 4-lane highways is· limited to often are ·abandoned by the youth whose ini­ highway in 1971. 50 percent. · tiative, imagination and energy are so impor­ The federal roads chief added a note of To date, $50.2 million has been made avail­ tant to the welfare of an area. · caution in stating that West Virginia "is able to West Virg~nia for expenditur~ on the What is tragic about this whole problem is now free to go ahead as fast as it is able to development highway system, and your State · that the young people frequently leave beau­ go" on its federal road programs, since final has obligated $34.1 million of this amount. tiful parts of the country such as you have decisions have been made in Washington on Local access road funds made available by in Appalachia for urban areas with their ten­ the whole Appalachian and interstate system Congress for immediate expenditure have sions, congestion, pollution, and high crime in the state. been limited to $1,833,000, which includes · rates. "This means action on your part to see that $1,333,000 to be used toward replacing the I don't mean to imply that improved roads the State Road Commission has public sup­ Point Pleasant Bridge that collapsed into alone would halt the urban gravitation that port and the resources to carry its share of the Ohio River last December, taking 46 lives. has been underway for some time. But I do . the federal-state partnership," Bridwell said. The total cost of the bridge and its ap­ feel that many would prefer remaining home "The state can not conceivably conduct a proaches has been estimated at $17 million. if they were not so isolated, and if there were highway program unless the proposed ($350,- In addition to Appalachian funds, the bridge greater economic opportunities for them. 000 bond issue is passed this fall." will be financed with money from the Federal The Appalachian Highway Program should Bridwell prefaced this remark with an ex­ Highway Trust Fund, and money from the prove a boon to the 13-State region that will planation that he did not "think it proper States of Ohio and West Virginia. benefit. The new highways that are planned that I come into the state and tell you what Total obligations for local access roads will eliminate some of the restraints that to do,'' but he emphasized that the state's stand at $387,030. have socially and economically isolated sec­ ability to complete the Appalachian and in­ To you in Logan County, the development tions of the region. terstate highways depends upon its ability highway system should prove of incalculable You may be interested in the progress of to match federal money. the program. As of March 31, Federal and M. R. (Sy) Hamil, State Road commis­ importance. Your county will have 24 miles sioner, said at an informal meeting before of the 84-mile-long Corridor G extending State funds totalling $410 million were ob­ ligated for development highways and local the Chamber dinner that the route for Corri­ from the Kentucky line near Williamson dor G through Logan County has been es­ northerly to Charleston where it will be a access roads. The Federal share was $244 mil­ lion. tablished and a copy of the map will be sent 4-lane divided facility with the cost of con­ to The Banner as soon as possible f<;>r pub­ struction estimated at $133 million. About 464 miles were completed or under construction, an increase of 70 miles since lication. The schedule for Corridor G calls for the Bridwell stated during his talk that West acquisition of right-of-way this year and December 31, 1967. Completed mileage to­ taled 87 for development highways and 58 Virginia had received a larger share of the next year, while construction will start in Appalachian highway money and mileage 1969 and continue into 1971. for access roads. Engineering and right-of­ way acquisition were underway on 1,145 than any other state in the region because Even though there ultimately will be 3,750 the federal planners felt the state's needs miles of the Interstate Oystem in Appalachia, miles. Construction haS begun on 233 miles of for better transportation were greater. The this mileage will :i:iot have a major effect whole system includes 2,350 miles of high­ on the more isolated and undeveloped areas development highways. Preliminary engi­ neering and right-of-way acquisition were ways with 1,000 miles of access roads. of the region. But the Appalachian develop­ Sen. Randolph, in remarks before he in­ ment system consisting of 21 route corridors underway on an additional 1,001 miles, and centerline locations had been approved for troduced Bridwell, said that Logan Oounty will form a regional network Of highways eventually will have an airport, a goal set by complementing the Interstate System. These another 338 :rp.iles. Of the 368 miles of local access roads ap­ the chamber of commerce. He said, however, routes, integrated with other Federal-aid that "the ultimate decision rests with you highways, will provide access to areas not proved to date, construction had begun on 86 miles, preliminary engineering and right­ people" but did not expand on this state­ served by the Interstate System. ment, although the interpretation by the Corridor G will figuratively bring Logan of-way acquisition were underway or com­ pleted on an additional 143 miles, and center­ audience was that the county will have to County closer to the Interstate System, en­ raise money to match federal airport funds. abling your county to take advantage of the line locations had been approved on 12 Interstate's many benefits. With improved miles. The senator also said that West Vir­ transportation, there is a strong possibility In terms of engineering and construction, ginians must talk more "positively" about that the decrease in population your county it is plain to see that the program in Ap­ their state's resources and do more promot­ has experienced will be reversed. I under­ palachia is making progress. But you can't ing of its advantages to keep it progressing stand that the population has fallen :rrom measure the progress here with traditional economically. 61,570 in 1960 to an estimated 56,425 in yardsticks. We really won't know how well Other guests at the meeting included 1965. this experiment in Appalachia has worked George Samuels, assistant State Road com­ I am sure many of those who left did so to until it has had time to work. missioner; Richard T. Southerland, manager seek employment elsewhere. As I mentioned When we finish a beltway around our large of area re-development, southern region, earlier, a good highway will enable job seek­ cities these days, we know that as soon as State Department of Commerce; Thomas C. ers to cover a wider radius, and if successful we cut the ribbon and jump back, the road Gannaway, executive director, Southern they can commute from their homes. It will will be a.swarm with autos and trucks. We West Virginia Economic Development Corp.; no longer be necessary to move away to find know that isn't going to happen immedi­ Bob Hilmon, human resources specialist with employment in another area. ately when we _open up Appalachia with the department; President Gene King of the I am sure you .have heard it said that tl::ese splendid new highways-but we are Tug Valley Chamber of Commerce, and Mrs. America does not have. its excellent hlghway betting that it eventually will. King; Fielding H. Lewis, director of indus­ transportation system because we are a rich Whether our bet pays off is up to the peo­ trial development for the State Department country, but that we. are affluent because of ple--those of the region and those attracted of Commerce, and Mrs. Lewis; Ronald L. Wil­ our unsurpassed highway system. to it. No one can be absolutely sure that it liams, utilities engineer for the State Road This may be overstating the case some­ will happen as planned. But a trip through Commission; S. F. Berger, SRC utility co­ what, but the statement does contain much the majestic mountains and countryside of ordinator; R. M. Jones, SRC railway-highway more than just a kernel of truth. I doubt West Virginia leaves me with the feeling that coordinator, and W. C. Matthews, of Charles­ that the United States could have attained it can't miss. ton, formerly of Logan, president of the its high standard of living without a high­ American Society of Highway Engineers. way transportation system that enables [From the Logan (W. Va.) Banner, May 8, Chamber President James A. Muscia pre­ people and goods to move efficiently. 1968] sided at the dinner and introduced the new The converse certainly is true. Those areas officers, including Attorney Thomas S. Smith of the United States which lack an adequate "IF" STATE BOND ISSUE PASSES-COMPLETION Jr., the new president, who introduced Sen. highway transportation system invariably OF CORRIDOR G SEEN IN 1971 Randolph. Other chamber officers for the en­ hurt and hur.t badly. In a sense they are cut (By Charlie Hylton) suing year are Cecil Davis, vice president, and off from the mainstream of American life An "iffy" assurance that Logan County's Joe Eros, treasurer. and are unable to share in the benefits that segment of Corridor G of the Appalachian C. H. (Pat) Murphey, managing director the most affluent society in history has to Highway System will be completed in 1971 who planned the dinner, is a patient at offer. Economic growth is stunted because was given last night to Chamber of Com­ Logan General Hospital and was unable to business and industry are disinterested in merce members and guests by Lowell K. Brid­ attend. areas without the transportation facilities well, federal highways administrator who was Special recognition awards were made by they must have. As a result, these areas suf­ the principal speaker at the chamber's an­ Muscia to R. R. Elland, Logan businessman fer, even though _they may have the potential _nual dinner meeting at Logan High School. for approximately 55 years; Rex Browning, for economic development. Bridwell, who was introduced by U.S. Sena­ past president of the Logan County Commu­ Not only are. such areas economically de­ tor Jennings Randolph, D-W. Va., said that nity Chest; Circuit Judge C. C. Chambers, pressed but they are sociologically disadvan­ the acquisition of rights-of-way for the 24 also a. past Community Chest president and tages as well. Young people impatiently look miles of Corridor G in Logan County will be a former president of Chief Cornstalk Coun­ forward to the time when they will be old carried out this year and next; construction cil, Boy Scouts of America; Mayor H. H. Cud- 14102 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May-20, 1968· den of Logan; Mrs. Alice Cooke, executive Puerto Rico. His responsibilities also in­ outs; on the contrary, they were seeking a secretary of the Logan County Crippled Chil­ clude direction of important State and place to find work, where they could smile dren's Society, and Howard Collln, member at the end of a long- day because they were of the Lions Club of Logan who has worked private cooperative forestry programs weary from honest labor. in many civic and charitable projects. and a national program of forestry re­ There were no motels or hotels along the Corridor G will be approximately 80 miles search. way. They had no militia to fend off hostile in length, running from the Kentucky bor­ In his role as Chief of the Forest Serv­ Indians. If they became discouraged they der at Williamson to Charleston by way of ice, he has guided the agency during a could not ship home their mules and wagons the Logan area. Most preliminary surveys period of unprecedented growth and and catch the next bus. Some walked, some indicates that the highway will enter the change in the scope and dimensions of rode, but everyone worked, everyone stood county in the Holden 22 mountain area, fol­ pressures upon forest and related lands. loyal, everyone did his share with magnifi­ lowing closely the present route of state 65 to cent pride. Logan. From Logan to Chapmanville, the To meet the challenge of change, he has Many died, but nobody yelled for medicare highway is expected to be constructed gen­ provided notable leadership in planning ~ to bury the dead. Often the clergy led the erally along state route 10, then follow the and directing exps.nsion of recreational, way, but nobody screamed angry epithets of Dan ville Road to Madison. watershed, timber, wildlife, and other hatred and violence. Hunger prevailed, but programs. In doing so, he has shown a they planted their food, killed their meats, keen interest and skill in protecting and shared their subsistence; not one rose up to enhancing the esthetic values of natural demand surplus hand-outs, food stamps, re­ U.S. FOREST SERVICE CHIEF CLAIMS resources. In addition, his agency has lief checks. And when they reached that unknown des­ TOP FEDERAL CAREER AWARD extended help to hundreds of foresters tination, they used their mighty schooners representing dozens of nations of the as homes until they could build their own, HON. HAROLD T. JOHNSON world. He personally assisted with for­ not with a low-rent subsidy from a gen­ estry programs in South Vietnam and erous government, but with materials they OF CALIFORNIA the Dominican Republic. tore from an angry wilderness and with crude IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ed Cliff also holds the Department of tools they had made and brought along-. They Monday, May 20, 1968 Agriculture's highest honor, the Distin­ worked under the power of nothing more guished Service Award, and an honorary than faith and pride, spurred on by the vision Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. of building, not destroying. Never was there doctorate from his alma mater, Utah Speaker, a short time ago, one of our a thought of a minimum salary, work or State University. outstanding public servants, Edward P. no work, .simply because they were in a rich, To a long-time friend who has done new land, a land just as aflluent then as it Cliff, who rose from junior range exam­ is by standards today. Charity they practiced iner on national · forests in the State of such a magnificent job for the U.S. Forest Service, may I add my personal congratu­ among themselves; never did they demand it. Washington to one of the top land man­ So, let those who woµld go to Washington agement jobs in the world, received a lations and "well done." in a covered wagon to demand this or de­ singular honor. Ed Cliff, who has been mand that, who would swell their ranks with Chief of the U.S. Forest Service since lackeys intent on nothing more than sub­ version and destruction, who would class 1962, received the coveted National Civil A PITIFUL IMITATION Service League's Career Service Award. themselves as "poor" and as pioneers--let them look to the four corners of this nation Ed Cliff was named by the nonpartisan, and see what those who drove schooners be­ nonprofit citizens' group for this recog­ HON. GEORGE W. ANDREWS fore them accomplished. nition very recently. In naming the re­ OF ALABAMA Let them realize it was a true pioneer cipients of the award, Mortimer M. Cap­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES spirit that shaped this great nation that now lin, president of the league and former allows them the unbridled freedom to run Commissioner of Internal Revenue, said Monday, May 20, 1968 a.muck, to back demands of "gimmee, gimmee, the selections again revealed the excep­ gimmee," with unadulterated acts of coer­ Mr. ANDREWS of Alabama. Mr. cion. tionally high caliber of leadership in the Speaker, on May 16, the Alexander City, Wagon train, indeed! Let it go to Washing­ Federal service. Ed Cliff is the fourth Ala., Outlook published an editorial, "A ton. But let those who lead it there know U.S. Department of Agriculture employee Pitiful Imitation." This editorial pre­ that this nation sees through their gaudy and the second for the Forest Service sents an excellent comparison of the pageantry and hangs its head in shame at to be honored by this noteworthy a ward. wagon trains on which our American their pitiful imitation. His career of 38 years with the Forest heritage is based and the so-called wagon Service spans more than half the history trains of the Poor People's March. Our of the agency which was established in forefathers built a country out of a 1905 by President Theodore Roosevelt wilderness. Now it seems a small segment WILL CASTRO SOON BE with the legendary Gifford Pinchot as its of our population wants to make a wil­ OVERTHROWN? first Chief. derness out of the Nation's Capital. For After working his way through Utah the benefit of my colleagues, I am insert- HON. E. ROSS ADAIR State Agricultural College, Mr. Cliff ing the article in the RECORD at this OF INDIANA joined the Forest Service in a full-time point: role as a junior range examiner at Leav­ A PITIFUL IMITATION IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES enworth, Wash., in 1931, the same year We are delighted that the Southern Chris- Monday, May 20, 1968 he received his college degree in forestry. ttan Leadership Conference chose the covered Mr. ADAffi. Mr. Speaker,-recently Hu- During college, he had worked summers wagon mule train as its mode of travel to as a Forest Service administrative guard. Washington, D.C., in its latest comedy-farce, man Events published an article on Cuba the "Poor People's March." by Mr. Paul Bethel entitled: "Will Castro Showing great ability and dedication, By using these southern-styled schooners, Soon Be Overthrown?" he moved through the positions of range they only proved how ill-conceived is their This article, by the executive director examiner, regional forest inspector, and dramatic peacockery, and how truly hollow of the Citizens Committee for a Free forest supervisor in Oregon. He made his are their means to whatever end they are CUba points out the growing resistance first appearance at the Washington, D.C., trying to achieve. to Castro by the little man in CUba. level as Assistant Chief of the Division More than a hundred fifty years ago an- other type of covered wagon turned its Therefore, I commend this hopeful ar­ of Range Management in April 1944. In wheels across this nation. Holding the reins ticle to the attention of my colleagues 1946 he became assistant regional for­ that guided teams of mules, oxen and horses and may we all live to see a free Cuba ester in Ogden, Utah; was promoted to were the hands of men and women who again. regional forester at Denver, Colo., in 1950. knew they had little in worldly goods, but The article follows: He was named Assistant Chief of the who called themselves anything but poor. - REBELLIOUSNESS RAMPANT ON THE ISLAND: F orest Service, responsible for national What is more, they did not set out for a Wn.L CASTRO SOON BE OVERTHROWN? f orest administration, in 1952. known destination, nor were they guided by Ed Cliff became Chief of the agency road maps, super highways, or a spearhead- (By Paul D. Bethel) ing state trooper car. Their only compass Rebellion, terror and repression. These in March 1962. Since then he has was the stars and their only destination a three words sum up Cuba's internal situa­ been charged with operation of a vast new land where they could build for them- tion. Even Fidel Castro admits it--and in public holding of 187 million acres in selves with the strength of their own muscle terms that raise the distinct possibility that the national forest system, stretching and by the sweat of their own brow. They an uprising may be brewing. from coast to coast and from Alaska to were not looking for a promised land of hand- Castro said on March 13 that the Central May 20, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF -REMARKS 14103 Committee of the Communist party had car­ destined for North Viet Nam; aboard a Soviet Apparently fearing that too much rum and ried out a quiet investigation Or the atti­ vessel. He saw two platoons of soldiers sur­ too much talk might ignite a conflagration tudes of people-in Havana's bars, · among round them, force them onto trucks and whose- end he fears to contemplate, Castro street vendors and "hole in the ·wall" busi­ take them to dreaded LaCabana fortress. reacted with the reflexes of the dictator. nesses. Regarding the poor street vendors, This happened in February and no word_-_of His repressive response to discontent and re­ Castro thundered: "Ninety-five per cent of their fate has been released. Since the Gon­ bellion, to the point of depriving people of them a.re counter-revolutionaries!" As for zalez Baez eyewitness- report, four other in­ making even a street vendor's meager ex­ the habitues and owners of Havana's bars, dependent sources have confirmed the story. istence, is bound to increase the already spec­ Castro said the inv~tigation "found that · Senora Ortiz Garcia tells about a riot in tacular anti-government·percentages. 72 per cent a.re against our revolutionary the small town of Guines: The Cuban farmers, the campesinos in process." A cross-section of people living in "My neighbor, Senora Eneida Almedia, whose name Castro's revolution was made, the whole of Havana Province, Castro ad­ stood in _line to buy _ electric light _ bulbs. have refused to work for their Communist mitted, turned up a figure of "77.7 per cent" When the government store opened, there masters. They responded to attempts to herd against his regime. was only one light bulb to be purchased. them to work on farms by nearly burning The crackdown was not long in coming. Women began to fight over it, and then Cuba to the ground, reducing the sugar pro­ On March 14 Castro announced that 955 mobs gathered and an anti-government duction from 5,788,100 tons in 1958 to 3.8 bars and 6,452 businesses· had been closed demonstration developed. Soldiers were or­ million tons in 1963. Since then Castro has by decree, and the remaining bars, "state dered in, and my friend and another woman tended to leave them alone, permitting them and private," were soon shuttered through­ were arrested, taken immediately before a to migrate to the cities where they eke out out the country. 'Popular Tribunal' and sentenced to two a living in one menial job or another, in­ In a sweeping attack on his rebellious sub­ months' hard labor on a state farm." cluding street vending and running small jects, Castro stopped the national lottery, Senora Leonardo Morales describes an ugly open air bars. ordered the government to intervene in 25 brawl that broke out in mid-January in the It is for this reason that Castro has had "a.rt centers because those attending do not interior city of Sancti Spiritus: to mobilize city workers, empty government meet revolutionary norms" and banned the "A crowd of about 100 people waited in offices, close down entire cities and send peo­ Cuban peasant's favorite sport, cockfight­ line all night to purchase shoes which were ple to the fields to cut sugar cane, harvest ing, because "people who conduct cock­ to have been placed on sale. The government beans and pick cotton. The most recent fights are enemies of the revolution." Sud­ manager seemed to be afraid to open the crackdown does not, as Castro tried to make denly, and without explanation, the rice doors, but finally did so about 2 :00 p.m., the outside world believe, affect the free en­ ration for families of military personnel was and then announced that no shoes had been terprise or remaining money class, but the cut from 12 pounds to three a month, the delivered to him to sell. People in the line very lowest economic and social strata of national average. exploded in anger and tore the store apart. Cuba. Castro's problems are not new. They a.re Soliders came running and were cursed by a deep and abiding. Even his Russian masters growing crowd. It turned into an anti-gov­ Castro's latest move is an attempt to force have expressed fear that their political base ernment demonstration and the soldiers the campesinos back to the land, not as own­ may be slipping out from under them. were afraid to shoot. Many seemed to be in ers of small plots of land as he had promised Old-line Communist Anibel Escalante and sympathy with the people. Finally, many many years ago, but as day workers on state members of the Soviet Embassy in Havana more were ordered in and the demonstrators farms. This move is pure dynamite and may had for years been assessing Castro's dimin­ physically overwhelmed and taken away." well blow· up in his face. ishing popularity and concluded that Fidel With no night club acts or bars to brighten Taken together with impressive evidence Castro's bungling hands had to be removed the grim lives of Cubans, the government of rebellion in other- segments of Cuban life, from the machinery of government or the announced on March 27 that it would stage the Communist regime in Cuba is now country might well collapse. "swinging jazz" concerts free of charge, a tempting tlie gods. The "objective condi­ Armed Forces Minister Raul Castro un­ departure from Havana's propaganda bar­ tions" (in Communist parlance) for us to get covered this conspiracy and nipped it in the rage. But the determination of the govern­ rid of Castro and communism have never bud. He told the Central Committee of the ment to continue its repressive measures been better. Were the situation reversed, our party in January that Escalante's Russian has risen, not abated. Castro has mounted more vigorous Communist enemies would contact Rudolph P. Shliapnikov, had what he calls a "revolutionary offensive" never pass up such an opportunity. warned, "In Cuba, conditions are present for against "parasites and counter-revolution­ a new Hungary . . . internal dissension is aries." Vilma Espin de Castro (Raul's wife), great," and had declared th_at Castro's police head of the Federation of Cuban Women, set DO WE HAVE AN ATTORNEY state apparatus was riddled with "petite the tone with this March 23 declaration: GENERAL? bourgeoisie." Shliapnikov was Russia's top "We have to crush the counter-revolution." security agent in Cuba until removed last Milk is virtually unobtainable in Cuba and June. more than one ration line has erupted _when HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE A purge followed the uncovering of the none turns up for sale. As the stevedore OF TEXAS strike indicates, many believe that Cuba's conspiracy in which thousands of bureau­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES crats, military officers and lesser party mem­ milk is being sent to North Viet Nam. Senora bers were accused of being "enemies of the Castro's answer to this is: "If the milk is Monday, May 20, 1968 state" and dropped from government pay­ for Viet Nam, then they can have all of it." rolls. Hundreds of others, including the The Committees for the Defense of the Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, to members of what Raul Ca~tro described as a Revolution (CDR), nefarious packs of neigh­ the following "Letters the Editor" ap­ "micro-faction" of 37 top conspirators, were borhood informers, have been instructed "to peared in the April 26 edition of the jailed. It was this conspiracy, plus Shliap­ hit in the mouth all who speak bad about Evening Star. They are representative nikov's grim warning that prompted the the revolution" and to "maintain increased of the feeling throughout the District of party to conduct its poll. vigilance in all of the neighborhoods." Gov­ Columbia and environs. Is it any wonder Despite the purge, moreover, Castro's most ernment officials have been warned that if anyone in their families turns out to be less that our law officers stand idly by and recent admissions show that the rot now ·watch the looting and arson. Again I permeates a major part of the Cuban popu­ than 100 per cent for the revolution they lation. He admitted as much in his March will feel the full force of "revolutionary would ask Mr. Speaker, "Do we have an 13 speech when he said: "There are many justice." Attorney General?-,, protests. Yes, protests of discontent, a cer­ Each day now, Cuba's radio stations exhort The letters follow: tain confusion and bad feeling concerning the populace: "Down with the pessimists!" LE'ITERS TO THE EDITOR Report all counter-revolutionaries!" More the problem of food and clothing." (NoTE.-Published letters are subject to From all accounts there is more than mere interesting still, Castro militants have been ordered to "shut the mouths of those who condensation, and those not selected for "discontent" in Cuba today. Refugees say publication will be returned only when ac­ that it is now common to find anti-Castro talk against the revolution in buses, ration lines and places of work." Refugees say that companied by stamped, self-addressed enve­ and anti-Communist slogans scribbled on lopes. The use of pen names is limited to the walls and buildings of Havana, in public the order is in response to open and vocifer­ ous criticism of both Castro and commu­ correspondents whose identity is known to rest rooms, cafes and even in government-run The Star.) factories. The least obscene among them nism. As one put it: "Virtually nothing else say: "Fidel, You Have No Mother!" "Fidel, is talked about in Cuba today." POLICE OFFICER LORRAINE You Are a Traitor!" What appears to have happened is this. SIR: After reading about Pvt. Albert C. More immediately important, signs such Cubans cannot have social gatherings in theil Lorraine of the Metropolitan Police Depart­ as the.se have not appeared since the summer homes without first receiving a perml t from ment and his shooting of a looter during the of 1963 when desperate anti-Castro resist­ the local CDR, which then spies on their ac­ recent disturbances, I wonder why any ance was snapped by a U.S. crackdown on tivities, often inviting themselves in. As a .young man in his right mind would want to Cuban exiles who were supplying the under­ result, bars, carbarets and local bodegas become a Washington policeman. Their guns ground with food, money and arms. (small grocery store-bar establishments) are virtually useless, and if they ·do happen Gilberto Gonzalez Baez was present when have become the meeting places where, Castro to shoot someone in the line of duty or to 70 stevedores at the Port of H&vana refused now reveals, Cubans give vent to their anti­ preserve their own lives, they have llterally to load food, powdered milk and medicines, Castro sentiments. "had it" career-wise. 14104• EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS- May 20, 1968.

Of course if the shoe were on the other Sm: A young District policeman to be in­ Second, H.R. .16025 also amends existing, foot and the looter killed the policeman, the vestigated by a grand Jury !or the supposed Veterans' Educational benefit laws to allow courts would bend over backward to excuse "murder" of a looter. Good Heavens! And the war orphan to avail himself of an addi­ him, and all the bleeding hearts in the city people wonder why crime runs wild in the tional 12 months of educational benefits would rush to his aid! streets I based on his own milttary service, after re­ What kind of justice is this? I am fully aware that the Negro poor, in ceiving 36 months of benefits under the pro­ JAMES ENGLES. fact the poor of all races, have many justi­ visions of the War Orphans Educational As­ GAITHERSBURG, MD. fied complaints and that they should sistance Act of 1956. promptly be taken care of. But, just because Many Vietnam veterans, who lost fathers Sm: How can we, of our society, justify a man is poor and suffers disadvantages, this in World War II, will be the beneficiaries the actions contemplated against this omcer does not give him license to burn, loot and of this provision. of the law, who took a life during the of­ kill. Finally, I wish to emphasize those provi­ ficial performance of his duties? Have we The law should, in fact must, be justly ap­ sions allowing a disabled veteran to take overlooked the fact that Lorraine killed plied to everyone, be he white or black! part-time vocational rehabilitation assist­ only because he knew, in a split-instant, CONCERNED CITIZEN. ance as provided by H.R. 14954. Some vet­ that he must for his own safety and the erans are physically incapable of partici­ safety of every other person in the imme­ Sm: When Lorraine's commands to halt pating in full-time vocational rehabilita­ diate area of the armed hold-up; that he were not heeded, he was forced to make a tion training, due to the severe nature of was a witness to a felony? I wish that the split-second decision: Let the looter fiee, or their disabilities. This legislation recognizes police omcer could get just half Of the sup­ stop him in the only way he could. The this particularly acute problem, and moves port that the looters and arsonists have patrolman must now go before a grand jury to solve it. gotten: so far, for this officer is charged with to answer for the charges placed against him, upholding our own laws? all for doing his job! URGE SPEEDY ADOPTION DoNALD D. BELCHER. DENNIS C. ANDERSON. In conclusion, all four bills being consid­ DISTRICT HEIGHTS, MD. ered today of benefit to veterans are highly Sm: The jury could have come to one of laudable. The cost is minimal. But the bene­ Sm: I suggest that Chief of Police Layton three verdicts: accidental homicide, justifi­ fits--0ften going to those who have borne and Mayor Washington walk a beat each able homicide, or homicide (murder). It took the brunt of battle, or their dependents-are night, and shake a finger at the stabbings, only 15 minutes to reach a verdict of homi­ timely and greatly needed. muggings, rapes, etc. that occur every night cide. Do they really mean it when they call I urge speedy adoption of these measures in the District, and just say "Naughty! this justice? What next? by the Congress. Naughty!" READER. MONTGOMERY COUNTY RESIDENT. Sm: Title 4, section 175 of the D.C. Code Sm: How are our policemen going to help (1967 edition) makes it a crime for any po­ THE RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE stamp out crime if they are to be tried when liceman or anyone else to assent to the es­ GREAT CITIES PROGRAM FOR they take a just action. Are our policemen to cape of anyone committing any unlawful act. SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT URGES stand by and watch the crimes being D.C. CITIZEN. committed? PASSAGE OF VOCATIONAL EDU­ POLICE WIFE. CATION LEGISLATION

Sm: When the law protects the looter and STATEMENT OF CONGRESSMAN BOB arsonist, and prosecutes the protector of the DOLE ON VETERANS' LEGISLA­ HON. JOHN BRADEMAS law, there is no law! TION OF INDIANA Mrs. PHYLLIS HINELY. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES UPPER MARLBOROUGH, MD. HON. CHESTER L. MIZE Monday, May 20, 1968 SIR: A Washington policeman is brought OF KANSAS Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, under before a coroner's jury and charged with unanimous consent I insert at this point homicide. At the same time a Negro leader IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES proposes that businessmen in the inner city Monday, May 20, 1968 in the RECORD the text of a letter I have should give Negroes 51 percent of their busi­ just received from the executive vice nesses or the stores will burn again. Mr. MIZE. Mr. Speaker, my colleague president of the Research Council of the Both of these cases are beyond belief. from Kansas, Congressman BOB DoLE, is Great Cities Program for School Im­ GILBERT D. BARKIN, M.D. unavoidably absent because he had provement urging passage of legislation previously accepted an invitation t.o to strengthen our vocational education SIR: The charge of homicide brought speak at commencement exercises today programs in this country. against Lorraine is one more shameful chap­ on our State. He has asked me t.o enter This research council represents 16 of ter in the history of recent events in this city. his views on the Veterans' legislation be­ the largest urban school districts in the The miracle of our times is that we have any fore the House today in the RECORD, and dedicated police left to protect us; for there United States and because these districts is surely no more thankless or dangerous job I am pleased t.o do so at this point: are confronted with the most pressing today. Mr. DoLE. I am pleased the House is today problems in the area of vocational edu­ Mrs. R. CARPENTER. considering four bills of great importance to cation, I believe that their views are the Veteran. H.R. 16025 will provide com­ worthy of the most careful considera­ Sm: Why should the duty of an omcer to pensation and educational assistance to tion. bring a criminal to justice be in question? widows and children of Veterans, H.R. 16902 The text of the letter follows: What kind of police protection is the public will provide care and treatment for Veterans in State Veterains' Hospitals, H.R. 7481 will THE RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE going to get in the next riot? GREAT CITIES PROGRAM FOR Q . D. STEPHEN-HASSARD. provide nursing home care for certain vet­ erans, and H.R. 14954 will improve voca­ SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT, tional rehabilitation tra.ining for the service May 9,1968. Sm: If an award were to be given for dis­ Hon. JOHN BRADEMAS, service to our Police Department, I believe connected disabled veteran. I support all these measures, I wish to House of Representatives, your paper would receive it for the three­ Washington, D.C. column spread on Pvt. Lorraine on April 16. emphasis three elements Of special merit, deserving strong support. DEAR CONGRESSMAN BRADEMAS: The Re­ WILLIAM K. NORWOOD. search Council of the Great Cities Program (EDITOR'S NoTE.-The Star's April 16 article THREE ASPECTS OF SPECIAL MERIT for School Improvement, representing six­ was a factual news report of the proceedings First, I commend H.R. 16025, improving teen of the largest urban school districts in during the coroner's inquest.) benefits to the widow. Over 22,000 veterans the United States, strongly urges the passage have given their lives in Vietnam to date. of legislation to strengthen the vocational Sm: The recent civil disorder experienced Often the widow, left without vocation.al education program. Pending legislation rep­ was not caused by Negro or white society but skills, needs educational assistance to accept resents a major step in recognizing the criti­ by the lawless element that exists in our so­ the full responsibility of becoming the bread­ cal needs of urban school districts, where ciety. The looters, particularly those looting winner for the family. This legislation is, in large concentrations of disadvantaged youth liquor stores, became a part of this lawless part, the result of a recommendation of the and disproportionate numbers of unemployed element. To persecute the police, whose duty U.S. Veterans' Advisory Commission-a. blue out-of-school youth exist. The provisions of it is to combat this element, is not compre­ ribbon panel with representatives from all this proposed legislation would substantially hensible to me particularly when my very the Veterans• organizations and the Veterans' strengthen the capability of urban schools to existence and well-being depend on such po­ Administration included as members. This develop continuing programs to prevent large lice protection. legislation, showing compassion for the number of drop-outs and more realistically JOSEPH G. MARON. vocational adjustments of the Veteran's guide youth with salable skills and knowl­ SILVER SPRING, MD. widow, is long overdue. edge of the world of work that will promote May· 20, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ~ 14105

individual pride, dignity, self-reliance and taxes, no regulations, no interference, no national level, "no federal statute exists productive citizenship. change. The navy has signed a pre-annexa­ which deals directly or effectively with it," New programs that will provide substantial tion agreement, and now is in position to the Crime Group continued. "In our view authorizations beginning in 1969 should petition for annexation. this constitutes a serious gap in the law." focus upon critical needs and should provide The village will benefit, school children will The GOP bill makes it a federal crime to the necessary resources for urban schools to benefit, taxpayers will benefit, and the lend money at illegal rates of interest when­ vigorously attack the explosive problems con­ county will benefit. The only people hurt by ever such a loan interferes with or affects fronting the inner city. We particularly en­ the annexation will be hit-and-run builders interstate commerce, or whenever any pa.rt of dorse the provisions for exemplary programs, who hit the community with maximum the loan transaction or efforts at collection cooperative vocational education and special density housing, overload the schools, and cross state lines, It is based upon the loan vocational education for socially, economi­ run off with their profits to hit another for a charge prohibited by State law. "If cally, physically and culturally disadvantaged community. there is no initial violation of State law, youth, residential vocational schools, and Gov. Kerner, Sen. Percy, and Rep. Rums­ there is no violation of Federal law," a Task teacher training. Furthermore, the provision feld, who represents the district in Congress, Force spokesman said. for continuation of vocational work study all have pleaded the Glenview cause. The The bill is sponsored by Rep. Richard H. programs should be significant in providing sooner the navy signs this good neighbor Poff (R.-Va.), the Task Force Chairman, by support fo:r a. program that has shown great pact, the better. the thirteen other members of the Task promise in reaching unmotivated and often Force, and by GOP Minority Leader Gerald alienated youth. R. Ford (R.-Mich.), Rep,. William M. Mc­ The crisis confronting urban communities TRUTH-IN-LENDING BILL Culloch (R.-Ohio), Ranking Minority Mem­ requires tha.t priorities be established to as­ ber of the House Judiciary Cominittee, and sure that a great proportion of vocational Rep. William B. Widnall (R.-N.J.), Ranking education monies are distributed to areas of HON. GERALD R. FORD Minority Member of the House Banking and high youth unemployment. It is therefore OF MICHIGAN Currency Committee. imperative that vocational education legis­ Among the benefits that will result from lation be passed now. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the new law is increased jurisdiction "for Sincerely, Monday, May 20, 1968 federal agents to investigate loan-shark al­ ALVA R. DITTRICK, legations," the Task Force explained. And, Executive Vice President. Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, they added "the mere thought that they last week the House and Senate conferees may now be involved in a federal crime might came to agreement on the truth-in­ be enough to drive many loan-sharks out of lending bill. A major feature of this leg­ business, without anything more." ANNEXING NAVAL AIR STATION islation is the loan-shark amendment authorized and sponsored by House Re­ HOUSE REPUBLICAN TASK FORCE ON CRIME: publicans. STATEMENT-LOAN-SHARK. LEGISLATION HON. DONALD RUMSFELD At this point I would place several According to the President's Crime Com­ OF ILLINOIS documents in the RECORD outlining the mission, "loan-sharking'', the lending of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES history of this amendment and demon­ money at illegal interest rates, is a source of revenue for organized crime, second only to Monday, May 20, 1968 strating its importance to effective law enforcement and the war on crime. gambling. The annual "take" from loan­ Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, many sharking has been estimated by many knowl­ First. Policy statement and news re­ edgeable law enforcement officials to be in residents of Illinois and the village of lease of House Republican task force on the "multi-billion dollar range." Glenview have been working for over 2 crime, December 11, 1967. The Commission noted that gamblers bor­ years with the Department of the Navy Second. Statement of House Republi­ row to pay their losses and addicts borrow to establish a mutually acceptable agree­ can policy committee, January 30, 1968. to purchase narcotics. They also found that ment to provide for the orderly annexa­ Third. News release of House Repub­ the same men who take bets from or sell tion of the U.S. Naval Air Station at lican task force on crime, February 15, policy slips to employees in the mass employ­ Glenview to the village of Glenview. The ment industries, on the docks for example, 1968. lend them money to pay off the gambling following Chicago's American editorial Fourth. News release of Minority of May 15, 1968, presents a reasonable debts or to meet household expenses. Small Leader GERALD R. FORD, May 17, 1968. businessmen borrow from loan sharks when and thoughtful assessment of the case Fifth. "Issue of the Day,'' National legitimate credit channels are closed to them for prompt action on the part of the Republican congressional committee, and in this regard, Congressional Committee Navy. I would hope that this long drawn­ May 20, 1968. reports are filled with testimony concerning out matter might be brought to a suc­ Sixth. P. & R. memo, planning and re­ small businesses which have been taken over cessful conclusion. lock, stock and barrel by the syndicate after search committee, House Republican it got its foothold through a loan shark. The editorial follows: conference, May 20, 1968. ANNEXING NAVY Am STATION The Crime Commission determined that GOP CRIME GROUP OFFERS ANTI-LOAN-SHARK interest rates vary from 1 to 150 percent a Controlled, orderly development of the open BILL week but that the classic 6 for 5, or 20 per­ spaces in Cook county is essential to the well­ WASHINGTON, D. C.-As the first of three cent a week, was most common with small being of the entire Chicago area. There still steps in its "comprehensive legislative at­ borrowers. They observed that the loan shark are thousands of acres of raw land in the un­ tack" on the major sources of income for is usually more interested in perpetuating incorporated areas of the county. All is cov­ organized crime, the House Republican Task interest payments than in collecting princi­ eted by builders. Force on Crime today introduced a bill spe­ pal and that force or threats of force of the For 10 years the village of Glenview has ifically aimed at "loan-sharking.'' most brutal kind are used to effect interest been trying to work out an agreement with Last week the GOP Crime Group an­ collection, eliminate protest when interest navy officials whereby the 1,100-acre naval air nounced plans for a legislative program di­ rates are raised and prevent the harassed station adjoining Glenview to the north may rected at gambling, narcotics trafficking and borrower from reporting the activity to en­ be annexed to the village. loan-sharking, "the three major money forcement officials. There is very good reason for such an an­ makers of organized crime,'' whose "take" Despite the wealth of documentation con­ nexation. Illinois laws provide that a munici­ they estimated at "nothing less than $10 cerning the evils of loan sharking and its pality may exercise control over subdivisions billion a year." clear relation to organized crime on a na­ and land development within a Inile and a Calling "loan-sharking", or the lending of tional level, no federal statute exists which half of its borders. If the navy station is money at illegal rates of interest, "a source deals directly or effectively with it. annexed to Glenview, the village will be able of racket income second only to gambling ... Two federal statutes have been used from to control the growth of thousands of acres. in the multi-billion dollar a year range," time to time against loan sharks, but they This means the land will be used in accord­ the Task Force cited findings by the Presi­ are applicable only where actual collection ance with standards existing in the village dent's Crime Commission that typical loan­ methods amount to provable extortion. These itself. shark victims are marginal, small business­ statutes are generally anti-racketeering stat­ There would be two immediate benefits. men and wage earners in mass employment utes aimed at extortion, among other things. The Signode steel plant has indicated a desire industries. They said that the classic rate At the time they were enacted, Congress did to annex, but may do so only if the navy, of interest charged was "20% a week." The not have loan sharking specifically in mind. between the plant and the village, annexes. Task Force pointed out, among other things, In our view, this constitutes a serious gap in Then Glenview would be able to annex the that "Congressional Committee reports are the law for the very practical reason that 80 acres of Glenbrook South High school, filled with testimony concerning small busi­ while extortionate collection may be implied giving that school village police and other nesses which have been taken over lock, in any loan shark situation, in the over­ services. stock and barrel by the syndicate which got whelming majority of cases extortion simply It has ta.ken Glenview 10 years to convince its first foothold through a loan shark." cannot be proved. navy officials that the annexation will not Despite this and the fact that loan shark­ The dock worker who borrows from the affect the navy in any way. There will be no ing is clearly part of organized crime on a well-known neighborhood loan-shark to pay 14106 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ~ May 20, 1968. for family sickness may not· be told and does that are. now available. Full disclosure of local law enforcement officials Jn their pros­ not have to be told precisely what will hap­ credit charges, add ons, fees ~ service ecution of loan-sharks. pen to h1m 1f he doesn't pay on time. The charges would permit the Corisumer to com­ A second legal milestone is the Witness-im­ clothing store operator who borrows to keep pare and decide for himself the reasonable­ munity provision incorporated in the Repub­ up with legitimate creditors during slack ness of tbe overall charge and to determine lican loan-shark iroendment. This strikes seasons may not be beaten up by the polite the payment method best suit ed to h is p ar­ at the Ach1lles' heel of organized crime. The yet menacing hoodlums who inquire as to the ticular financial situation. President's Crime Commission and other status of payments. He too knows what the As reported from Committee, R.R. 11601. proponents of criminal law reform long have message is. These are the typical situa­ 9,oes not meet the problem of loan sharking recommended modernization of our anti­ tions-the threat merely implied but none­ Which preys so heavily upon the poor. A Re­ quated and conflicting statutes on witness theless real and effective simply because the publican amendment will be offered that Will immunity. syndicate lurking in the background is make it a violation of federal law_ for anyone The Truth-in-Lending Bill is designed to known to be involved. Under existing federal engaged in interstate commerce to lend protect the typical consumer through dis­ law, extortion could not be proved in either money at rates of interest held to be illegal closure of legal credit terms. The Republican situation. under the statute of the State in which the loan-shark amendment is designed to pro­ The House Republican Task Force on transaction takes place. This will permit fed­ tect the victim of a racket. Although the poor Crime, as the first step in its legislative pro­ eral law enforcement to assist the States in are often the prey of the loan-shark, the gram against the major sources of income ridding our Country of loan sharking and person who has suffered financial reverses, the for organized crime, has drafted and intro­ in denying to organized crime one of Hs person who has physical ailments, the person duced in the House of Representatives, a bill principal sources of revenue. who has encountered setbacks in his small specifically aimed at loan sharking. It is in~ This amendment and the Consumer Credit business, the person who has been drawn into tended to expand federal jurisdiction over Protection legislation merits the broadest gambling, the person who is addicted to this activity and to make it a federal crime possible support. We urge its adoption. narcotics are also ruthlessly and regularly to lend money at illegal rates of interest, victimized by the loan shark. wherever such a loan affects or interferes NEW EVIDENCE SUPPORTS GOP AUTHORIZED The President's Crime Commission said in With interstate commerce. It is thus a two­ LOAN SHARK AMENDMENT February 1967 that loan-sharking is the sec­ part bill which approaches loan sharking WASHINGTON .-Rep. Richard H. -Poff (R.­ ond most lucrative activity of the multibil­ from two well-established bases of federal Va.) Thursday said "new evidence" shows lion dollar empire of organized crime: jurisdiction. Both parts amend the existing that Organized Crime is infiltrating Wall But nothing was done to cure this can­ anti-racketeering statutes which we have Street, and "this gives added weight to my cerous growth until the House Republican previously note

The poor will benefit most from this bill, WESTINGHOUSE COMMENTARY No. 21, FRIDAY, want most of all is to be free· of responsibility Ford points out, since .. they_ ~re _ freq~ently MAY 3, 1968 ior their behavior. In some cases they have the victims of unscrupulous operators. . (By_Carl T. Rowan) _ used violence. In other instances they have Criminal authorities have estimated that used blackmail ... threats ... sit-ins and loan-sharking is the second most lucrative The Poor People's March has l,legun. other devices. A minority of college stu­ activity of organized crime. It started with a. rag-tag procession out o~ dents-and we emphasize that it is a Memphis, Tenn. It will reach its peak in a REPUBLICAN LoAN-SHARK AMENDMENT minority of the students-seem to think couple of weeks when thou!sands of the nal that they have rights no one else can exercise. The "Truth-in-Lending" bill, as agreed tion's poor converge upon Washington, D.C. But they are wrong. upon by the House-Senate Conferees, con­ In Congress, and in the public at large, We think our universities have indulged tains a major prov1sl.on wholly authored and there are many who view this march with disruptive students long enough. No one has a sponsored by House Republicans. hostility-or at best, a lack of sympathy. right to commit violence. There is no such . Title II, captioned "Extortionate Credit No one can be without some sympathy 1t thing as a right to threaten the peace and Transactions" and otherwise known as the he has seen the rat-infested hovels of the safety of others. Nor is there any right to "Loan Shark Amendment," is the final prod­ big city Negro ghettoes. If he has seen the damage property. uct of the combined efforts of the House bloated bellies and match-stick legs of hun­ We do believe that students ha.ve a right Republican Task Force on Crime under the gry rural whites. If he has seen the wretched­ to dissent. It is an essential right in our Chairmanship of Rep. Richard H. Poff, of ness of human want in the Puet"to Rica.n free society. But dissent must be balanced the Minority Members of the House Banking sections of New York. If he has seen the with responsibility. You cannot have rights and Currency Committee under Rep. Wil­ hopelessness of Indians isolated in the bleak without responsibilities. liam B. Widnall, and of Rep. Joseph M. Mc­ wastelands of America. If he has seen the We strongly believe that in almost every Dade. The Amendment received strong sup­ pathos of poor Mexican-Americans who are case where there has been a confrontation port from the very beginning from the in, but not of, America. between schools and their students, there has Leadership under Minority Leader Gerald R. What American of humanity and compas­ also been a student failure to understand how Ford and the Policy Committee under Rep. sion can fault these poor for trying to move advances are made. They are made by both John J . Rhodes. from the garbage room to at least the ante­ sides meeting in an atmosphere of mutual Rep. Ford has called the loan~shark room off the banquet hall? respect. Real advances are made only when amendment a "major breakthrough in the Yet, the poor people's march does offer each side tries to understand the other. war against organized crime" and has hailed many reasons for uneasiness. Largest of these Students do not have a right to use force or the witness immunity provision as a "legal is the likelihood that either marchers or their blackmail. milestone" which "strikes at the Achilles critics will get out of hand and provoke an­ heel" of the syndicate, witnesses who are other. rash of urban violence. able to testify against the "bigwigs behind Sure.ly not lea.st is the fear that the march GOVERNMENT CREATES THE PROB­ the rackets:• will be an exercise in futility. There is no LEMS THAT IT IS TRYING TO SOLVE Rep. Poff has noted th~t loan-sharking is real prospect that Congress will respond by "a multi-billion dollar a year business ... offering the kind of relief the poor people second only to gambling as a source of reve­ want. So this demonstration may end with HON. E. Y. BERRY nue for organized crime" but that until now the marchers more hopeless, more angry and "no statute existed enabling the federal gov­ more inclined to desitruction than they are OF SOUTH DAKOTA ernment to deal directly or effectively with now. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it." He has also pointed to the fact that , One is compelled to ask: Is there not some Monday, May 20, 1968 loan-sharking is frequently a major factor in :µiore orderly, rational way to prod the Con­ "syndicate take-overs of legitimate busi­ gress and the country to do what justice and Mr. BERRY. Mr. Speaker, I would nesses." decency require? urge my colleagues to read the following Rep. McDade has declared that "the vic­ This is Carl Rowan in Washington. editorial entitled "Government Creates tims of loan-sharking are almost always the the Problems That It Is Trying To urban poor" or "small, marginal local busi­ Solve," which recently appeared in the nessmen in the concentrated areas of the Daily Plainsman, Huron, S. Dak. The poor. When the victims cannot repay," he has PROTESTS ON CAMPUS said, "they are threatened with violence" and closure of these two reservation factories may "resort to criminal activity or permit because of lowering tariff barriers and organized crime to take over their busi­ HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI increased minimum wage requirements nesses." OF ILLINOIS will idle 90 Indians and it is indeed ironic Rep. Widnall has termed the loan-shark that a Government policy designed to amendment "an outstanding example of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES help these people succeeds only in in­ teamwork among House Republicans. In Jan­ Monday, May 20, 1968 creased unemployment. The editorial uary the chances for passage of any legisla­ tion in this area were very slim" he said, Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, this ~tates: "but the expenditure of a great deal of time, weekend saw the latest victim in the de­ GOVERNMENT CREATF..s THE PROBLEMS THA'l' effort and cooperation by many people, from liberate destructive attacks on our edu­ IT Is TRYING To SOLVE the Minority Leader on down, has resulted in_ cational institutions, Ohio University in Closure of two fishhook factories on the an achievement of which all Republicans Athens, Ohio. Pine Ridge Indian reservation is just one can be proud." more example of the manner in which the There will be new victims of anarc:hy federal government creates problems that it unless student use of force is immediately is trying to solve. and effectively halted. A very timely edi­ The Wright-McGill Co. which closed the torial dealing with student protest was plants listed lower tariff barriers and the in­ THE POOR PEOPLE'S MARCH carried on May 15 by WBBM, the CBS crease of minimum wage requirements as outlet in Chicago, which I believe is a determining factors in the decision. very objective and pertinent view of the While minimum wages went up, the com­ HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM pany said, tariff barriers went down, with OF NEW YORK situation. another 25 per cent cut set for this summer. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The editorial follows: As a result, an official said, Japanese com­ PROTESTS ON CAMPUS panies are selling a card of snelled fishhooks Monday, May 20, 1968 for as low as eight or nine cents while Wright­ Once upon a time, college students went Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, I should McGill needs to have 48 cents for the same around wearing racoon coats and straw hats. product to break even. like to oall the attention of my colleagues Then they decided to swallow goldfish. Some It is expected that the closed plants will and other readers of the CONGRESSIONAL years later they engaged in panty raids. And throw about 90 workers out of jobs and RECORD to an excellent commentary on this year's prevailing campus fad seems to swell the reservation's unemployment, which the Poor People's March recently made be the protest demonstration. Exactly what is now stands at 45 per cent. by the distinguished commentator and being protested varies from campus to These, we are sure, are not the only small former Ambassador Carl T. Rowan. campus. plants that have been closed as a result of At Northwestern University the protest ap­ government policies which destroy their Since the march is a reality, I believe we peared to be a demand that some students must take seriously Mr. Rowan's refer- competitive position. should enjoy more equa~ity of opportunity · But with all of the emphasis being placed . ence to ."the fear that the mar.ch will be than other students. At Roosevelt University lipon creating jobs for minority groups that an exercise in futility" and must press it appeared that some students wanted to lack sufficient skills or education, it is ironic for congressional action so that it will decide just who would be hired as instructors. that a government policy designed to help not be. But under it all, it seems to use that what these people succeeds only in destroying their Mr. Rowan's commentary follows: the students and their self-appointed leaders jobs. CXIV--889-Part 11 14108 EXTENSIONS . OF REMARKS. May . 20, 1968 IDGHWAYS VERSUS RF.sOURCES: tunnel at Red Buffalo Pass on the edge of the Miss SHERRILL RAE PETERsoN ROADS TO NOWHERE primitive area and westward to Glenwood Miss Sherrill Rae Peterson, 22, is a senior Springs and beyond. at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Cham­ The road was to be an alternative to re­ paign. Sher majored in Spe.nlsh and plans to building the existing trans-mountain Route go on in graduate study and to become a HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER 6, which twists over Vail Pass at an elevation college teacher of languages. OF NEW YORK of 10,603 feet. Blind since birth, Miss Peterson spent two IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COST ESTIMATES CITED undergraduate years a.t Valparaiso Univer­ Monday, May 20, 1968 Mr. Freeman said it was not for him to sity. At the University of Illinois she ls in decide on an alternative road. But he noted the top ten per cent of her class, is a. James Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, in recent that private and governmental estimates of Scholar, and has been elected to Phi Beta months I have put a number of articles the costs of the byway of Red Buffalo Pass Kappa, national scholastic honor society, Phi into the RECORD describing various af­ were about $76.3-million compared with Kappa Phi, scholastic honor society, and $27.6 for upgrading the Vail Pass road. Sigma Delta Pi, Spanish honor society. fronts to our sensibilities committed by During the current school year, she has those who, wittingly or not, are con­ "The proposed highway would destroy or seriously erode the wilderness resource on been practicing teaching in Urbana Junior tributing substantially to a degraded en­ approximately 5,300 acres of land suitable High School. This summer she plans to study vironment. I would have been happy to for adding to the national wilderness sys­ in Mexico, then go on to graduate study in show that there is another side to the tem," he said. "It would isolate and destroy the University of Illinois, preparing for a ledger, but have been prevented by a lack the wilderness value of another 4,800 acres career as a college teacher. of material. by cutting it off from the main area. She has traveled abroad a number of times "The public benefits of preserving this and is an avid sports enthusiast. She swims, It is with particular pleasure, there­ water skis, and skates. fore, that I noted an article in the New priceless wilderness far outweigh any other consideration." She is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Paul York Times of Saturday, May 18, in­ Mr. Freeman ordered studies of the impact Peterson, 849 Monroe Street, Galesburg, Illi­ dicating that Agriculture Secretary Or­ of the road on natural values after Western nois. ville Freeman has struck a blow for the conservationists objected. The Forest Serv­ I had the privilege to meet and talk, at good guys by rejecting a Colorado High­ ice, Agriculture Department analysts and the length, with Miss Peterson, and it is with ways Department request for a super Department of the Interior's Bureau of Out­ great pleasure that I congratulate her and door Recreation made separate studies. Mr. exten4 to her my best wishes for continued highway through a beautiful and as yet success. undeveloped area in the Rocky Moun­ Freeman said they had reached separate tains. In so doing, Secretary Freeman is conclusions against the road. Western economic interests succeeded in reported to have censured what he 1964 in having the 7,000 acres of the primi­ ARITHMETIC OF ACQUIESCENCE termed the "highway mentality," owned tive area excluded from the Wilderness Act by those seeking to destroy existing nat­ for a possible road. This, however, was subject ural values. He is said to have expressed to review by the Secretary. HON. JACK BRINKLEY to reporters his hope that his decision The act set up a national wilderness sys­ OF GEORGIA in the matter would set a precedent for tem and authorized the Secretaries of Agri­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES keeping roads out of other areas that culture and Interior to review primitive and other areas for inclusion. Mr. Freeman will Monday, May 20, 1968 should be preserved in the public in­ recommend to Congress that the Gore Range terest. area be put into wilderness status. Mr. BRINKLEY. Mr. Speaker, I was Secretary Freeman is to be congrat­ Mr. Freeman's decision recalled that late shocked to learn that during normal ulated for his courage and foresight. I last year he won approval of a road through times there are an average of 875 serious share his hope that his action may serve six miles of Sequoia-Kings Canyon National crimes committed in Washington, D.C., as a turning point-a road sign to the Park in California to make possible a private each week. I am not surprised that this highway builders that direct economic summer and winter sports resort at Mineral rate shot up to 1,034 per week after the cost is not the only criterion by which King, adjacent to Sequoia National Park. April riots. Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall This graphic lesson cries out for atten­ the value of a highway may be gave in to Mr. Freeman although he and judged. In my own State of New York, many conservation groups wanted to have tion; a policy of acquiescence, the sugar­ an equally myopic department of trans­ Mineral King become a part of the national coated definition of which is "restraint," portation is seeking to blacktop a por­ park. Mr. Udall has jurisdiction over national does not save lives-it costs lives! The tion of the shores of the Hudson, with parks. Mr. Freeman is chief officer of national tragedy is heightened when the lives no visible concern for "'.;he natural values forests. saved have been those of the criminal such a road would permanently destroy. element, and those taken have been the More power to Secretary Freeman­ lives of innocent victims. there should be more like him. We could MISS SHERRILL RAE PETERSON The policy of "restraint" was sought to use a few in New York today. be justified by Washington officials by pointing to the minimal loss of life during The article in the New York Times HON. TOM RAILSBACK the riots. Figures show that only 11 follows: OF ILLINOIS deaths occurred as a result of this policy. FREEMAN REJECTS ROAD THROUGH IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But now the second chapter is being writ­ PRIMITIVE AREA Monday, May 20, 1968 ten-159 additional murders, rapes, ar­ (By William M. Blair) sons, robberies, and other felonies per WASHINGTON, May 17.-Secretary of Agri­ Mr. RAILSBACK. Mr. Speaker, Re­ week. culture Orville L. Freeman decided today cording for the Blind, Inc., is a nonprofit During the riots we were treated to the that saving highway travelers 10.9 miles was organization that provides recorded spectacle of mass looting and burning not worth violation of a national primitive textbooks to blind students. Each year while the police stood silently by under area. this corporation awards $500 to each of He denied a request to run a segment of orders not to take human lives. This atti­ three blind students who are graduating tude continues. One of today's Washing­ Interstate Highway 70 through the Gore from colleges anC: universities all across Range-Eagle's Nest primitive area separating ton headlines reads: "Don't Resist in the Arapaho and White River National For­ the country for distinguished academic Hold-up." This encourages the criminal ests in western Colorado. achievement. and nurtures the idea that we are oper­ Mr. Freeman blamed a "highway mental­ President Johnson recently presented ating under the rule of the jungle rather ity" for seeking to destroy natural values, these awards to this year's winners in than the rule of law. and expressed the hope to reporters that ceremonies at the White House, and I As for me and my District, we want to his decisions would set a precedent for keep­ am quite pleased that one of the recipi­ get tough-shooting tough, if necessary­ ing roads out of other areas that should be is preserved in the public interest. ents, Miss Sherrill Rae Peterson, from with lawbreakers. We do not agree with The Colorado Department of Highways had the congressional district I represent. At the philosophy, "Better Red than dead." sought permission to construct the interstate this point, I insert in the RECORD a brief We think that people should have segment from northwest of Dillon through a biographical sketch of Miss Peterson: BACKBONE-whatever the cost. May 20, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14109 THE LATE HONORABLE.LOUIS was a member of the Queensboro Council mire character and conviction wherever GARY CLEMENTE for Social Welfare, and. a director of it exists. Certainly, this Nation as well both the Angel Guardian Home in Brook­ as the Republican Party has lost a great lyn and Mary Immaculate Hospital in ·American. In this time of crisis in the HON. JAMES J. DELANEY Jamaica. Also, he was an active member history of this Nation, we can ill afford OF NEW YORK of the American Legion, Catholic War to lose men of the character and stabil­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Veterans, Knights of Columbus, Catholic ity of the Honorable Joseph W. Martin, Lawyers Guild, and the Catholic Char­ Jr. Tuesday, May 14, 1968 ities of Queens. Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, in a re­ As an outstanding and competent cent testimonial to the Honorable L. member of the legal profession, he won LAW DAY COMMENTS Gary Clemente, our distinguished former the high regard of his peers, and served colleague, Mary Immaculate Hospital as a director of the board of managers of described him as "A Man for All Sea­ the Queens County Bar Association and HON. ROBERT E. JONES sons." I think this sums up in a few words was a member of the advisory board of OF ALABAMA the true character of this great and the American Bar Association. He was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gentle person, who was one of God's admitted to practice in the State and Monday, May 20, 1968 noblemen. His untimely passing on May Federal courts, including the U.S. Su­ Mr. JONES of Alabama. Mr. Speaker, 13 was a severe and sorrowful shock to preme Court and the U.S. Court of Mili­ the distinguished probate judge of Mor­ those of us who knew him. tary Appeals. He was vice president of gan County, Ala., the Honorable T. C. It was my privilege and good fortune the Unexcelled Chemical Corp., and Almon, has asked that I place the re­ to know Gary for many years, and I was served in executive capacities with a marks of the Honorable Thomas B. Hill, honored to be numbered among his many number of other companies. Jr., of Montgomery, Ala., in the CoNGREs­ friends. Unfailingly friendly with every­ As a young man he was a superb sIONAL RECORD. Judge Hill spoke before one he met, he always had a ready smile athlete, excelling in football and baseball the Kiwanis Club in Decatur, Ala., in and delighted his friends and colleagues in college. Many Members will recall his commemoration of Law Day, May 2, 1968. with his quick wit and sparkling humor. enthusiastic and outstanding perform­ As an extension of my remarks at this As a husband and the father of nine chil­ ances as catcher with the Democratic point, I include the letter from Judge dren, he naturally had many problems team during a number of the annual con­ to worry him, yet was ever ready to listen gressional baseball games. He maintained Almon and the remarks of Judge Hill: to and console others with a few sage a deep interest in young people and was DECATUR, ALA., May 14, 1968. comments concerning the bright side of an active member of the board of the Hon. R. E. (BoB) JONES, life. No matter what my day was like, I Queens Council of Boy Scouts, and Member of Congress, House Office Building, always felt better after meeting with worked with the Queens Committee for Washington, D.C. Gary for several moments. Boys Town of Italy. DEAR BOB: On May 2, 1968, the Kiwanis He was a man of exceptional talents, Gary was a very good friend and inti­ Club commemorated Law Day, as they usu­ possessing a deeply inquisitive mind and mate companion of our late beloved ally do each year. an unusually good memory. He did every­ President, John F. Kennedy, who ap­ The Speaker on that occasion was Honor­ him able Thomas B. Hill, Jr., Of Montgomery, thing with great zeal and intense dedica­ pointed as Special Ambassador to Alabama. tion. A graduate of Georgetown Univer­ Argentina. Before his illness his name I am sending you a copy of his address with sity and the Georgetown Law School, he had been sent to the White House as a the hope and request that you will have it practiced law for 10 years in the District candidate for the judgeship of the East­ placed in the Congressional Record. of Columbia and New York City prior t.o ern District Court of New York, a posi­ Your friend, being commissioned a second lieutenant tion which has not been filled. T . C. ALMON, in the U.S. Army in World War II. Dur­ As a close personal fri~nd, !join with Judge of Probate. ing his wartime service he performed his many other friends in expressing my [Enclosure] with honor and distinction in the mili­ deepest sympathy to his family, his wife ADDRESS BY THOMAS B. HILL, JR., IN COM­ tary intelligence corps and rose to the Ruth; his five sons, Gary, Stephen, Mi­ MEMORATION OF LAW DAY, DECATUR, ALA., rank of colonel. chael, John, and Peter; his four daugh­ KIWANIS CLUB, MAY 2, 1968 Gary was a leading citizen of his com­ ters, Christina, Catherine, Barbara, and Mr. President, Fellow Kiwanians, My munity, Jamaica, Queens County, N.Y., Patricia; and his sister, Mrs. Joseph Colleagues of the Morgan County Bar As­ and was held in high esteem by his Frument.o. Their loss is a great one. The sociation, Ladies, and Gentlemen: friends and neighbors. As an expression Nation. the community, the county of I deeply appreciate the kind invitation ex­ Queens, and all who knew Gary share in tended to me by my good friend John Cad­ of their great confidence in his wisdom dell to visit with you today in your charm­ and ability they elected him to represent their sorrow. He will always be in our ing and gracious and progressive City of them on the New York City Council from memory and our prayers. Decatur. I am particularly grateful for the 1945 to 1948, and thereafter elected him compliment Of being invited to participate to Congress to which he brought a wealth with you in the celebration of Law Day, a of intelligence and resourcefulness and day set aside each year to commemorate, served with distinction. TRIBUTE TO THE HONORABLE a.nd pay homage to, the rule of law in this Because of his broad experience and good land of ours. Since the earliest days of JOSEPH W. MARTIN, JR. our Republic, there has endured, and we intimate knowledge of the military, he have proudly proclaimed a shibboleth, that: was in a position to liberally share his in­ "Our's is a government of laws, and not of sight into military problems with his HON. WALTER B. JONES men." This has been our boast, and for al­ colleagues on the Armed services Com­ OF NORTH CAROLINA most two centuries, it has been true. mittee. Chairman Vinson relied heavily IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But, in these troubled times through on Gary's fresh viewpoint and penetrat­ which we are now, and have in recent ing intelligence, and valued highly his Monday, May 20, 1968 months been living, when we a.re threatened counsel and recommendations. While Mr. JONES of North Carolina. Mr. in our country with a complete breakdown of law and order, when we see so many in­ much of his work went unheralded, Speaker, I was not privileged to know the stances and manifestations of a treasonable those who served with him had a deep Honorable Joseph W. Martin, Jr. but for attitude on the part of so many of our respect for his many significant contribu­ a brief period of time. But it did not take people-such a.s the desecration of our flag, tions to the welfare and security of our long t.o understand why he was held in the burning of draft cards and the like, Nation. the high esteem and respect that was when anarchy and arson and looting and In addition to his service in public of­ accorded him by his many friends. He rioting are so rampant throughout the land, fice, Gary devoted much of his available it gives cause for us to pause and take stock was a man of strong conviction and un­ of ourselves and see just what is wrong in free time t.o civic activities and was an compromising principle. Although of a our beloved country. It is appropriate that outstanding layman in h1s church. He different political faith, it is easy to ad- we stop and reappraise once again the price- 14110 --EXTENSIONS OF~ REMARKS May 20, 19"68 less heritage which our forebears forged for ·specified in the Constitution as being subject caused us to depart from the sound philos­ us in the fiery crucible of the American to Federal jurisdiction. They delegated to the ophy and principles of good government en­ Revolution, and sought to perpetuate for us Executive Branch, headed by the-President, shrined in the Constitution by Washington, in the Constitution of the United States; for whose election they provided, the power Jefferson, Hamilton and those other noble that we examine ourselves closely to see if and the obligation to enforce the laws so patriots, but also has in large measure di­ we are proving faithful to their trust; if made. They delegated :to the Judicial Branch, minished-if not destroyed-the reverence we are worthy custodians of their legacy to the Supreme Court and such inferior courts and respect which Americans have tradi­ us; and, if we are making sure that this as Congress might ordain and establish, the tionally accorded the Constitution of the precious heritage that is America will be power to construe those laws, not to enact United States as the organic law of the land. transmitted, unsullied and undefiled, to them. Daniel Webster said: those who are to come after us. So long as the three branches of the Fed­ "Hold on, my friends, to the Constitution And, may I say in the beginning that I eral Government thus created continued to of the United States of ·America and to the come before you today, not as an advocate act within the bounds thus prescribed for Republic for which it stands. Miracles do of any particular political philosophy or them, respectively, by the Constitution, ours not cluster. What has happened once in six group, but only as a private American citi­ was a sound and healthy government, a gov­ . thousand years may never happen again. zen who loves his country, and who is proud ernment, if you pleaise, of laws and not of Hold on to your Constitution for, if the Con­ Of its history and achievements, and who men, a government of vigor and strength, stitution shall fall, there will be anarchy resents disloyalty and subversion and trea­ with a happy and prosperous people, a land throughout the world." son w1th a passion. of domestic tranquillity and peace. It has been said that, if we lose this way It is iillteresting to re-examine briefly, in Now, my friends I could consume the re­ of ours, the traditional freedoms guaranteed the light of present conditions and circum­ mainder of the time allotted me in pleasing to us by the Constitution of the United stances, the hlstory of the formation of our platitudes and assurances that our Nation States, history will report with the greatest National Government and the plans and and our Government are properly fulfilling astonishment that those who had the most concepts of those who were charged with the their destiny, that all is well and we have to lose, did the least to prevent it happening. responsibility of laying the foundations and nothing to fear. But, I cannot be so de­ And, to those who have violated and de­ building the structure. It will be remembered ceitful. I wish to God it were true. But, spoiled this sacred document, let us arise in tha.t they were both weary and leery of tyran­ I say to you that this Nation, wl;l.ich each righteous indignation and in language that nical rule. They had just finished the war of us loves so well, is truly in peril today. cannot be misunderstood, demand that they of the Revolution, in whioh they had won I am deeply concerned, as Senator Byrd, give us back the Constitution of our fathers, the right to be free of George III and his Democrat of West Virginia, expressed him unsullied and undefiled by infamous Judicial tyranny, and they set about to guarantee self recently on the floor of the United States legislation dictated by political or sociological and perpetuate for the thirteen separate and Senate, for my country. I feel that we can see considerations. And, let us resolve that, when newly independent colonies the Uberty and ample evidence of destruction of our Nation, time and progress and changing conditions freedom which had been so dearly bought. from within. make necessary its amendment, as inevitably And, they determined that the surest and We have seen, particularly within the past they must, then such amendment shall be moot effective way of aohieving that objec­ thirty-five years, a gradual transition in our accomplished by the people and through the tive would be to form a federal union of beloved country, from a government of laws orderly process designed by its framers, and states, by a compact or agreement in which to a government of men. We have seen a not by judicial fiat of nine men in black and each member agreed to subordinate its power repeated and continuing violation by the sombre robes, who would arrogate to and to that of a central authority or government three branches of our Government of their usurp for themselves this forbidden in common and foreign affairs, retaining, respective powers and functions as prescribed authority. however, their respective power aind author­ by the Constitution. We have seen the Con­ Let us never forget the words of wisdom ity in internal domestic affairs. gress repeatedly invade the field of internal spoken by President George Washington in And, there emerged from this determina­ affairs of the several states and pre-empt . his farewell address, when he said: tion what the great Gladstone described as legal authority exclusively within state juris­ "If in the opinion of the people, the dis­ "The greaJtest document ever struck off at a diction. The most recent example is the tribution or modification of the Constitu­ given time, by the brain and purpose of so-called open housing law, enacted about tional powers be in any particular wrong, let man-the Constitution of the United States"; two weeks ago, which seizes for the Federal it be corrected by an amendment in the way the preamble of which clearly defines, in Government the power to come into Decatur, in which the Constitution designates. But lainguage that cannot be misunderstood, the Alabama, and tell you to whom you must let there be no change by usurpation; for al­ scope and powers which the arehitec.ts of and must not rent or sell your home. We though this in one instance may be the in­ our Government intended to confer upon have seen the Executive Branch of the Gov­ strument of good, it is the customary weapon the central or Federal Government: ernment arrogate to itself the powers con­ by which free governments are destroyed." "We, the people of the United States, in ferred upon the Legislative Branch. If you As the result of the ever-increasing tend­ order to form a more perfect union, establish require proof, I have but to refer you to ency toward the usurpation and consolida­ justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide Section 8 of Article I of the Constitution, tion of power in the Federal Government, we for the common defense, promote the general which confers upon the Congress alone the are travelling rapidly down the road toward welfare and secure the blessings of liberty power to declare war, and to remind you totalitarianism and dictatorship, a road to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and that we have become involved in two wars which has already led to the creation of a establish this Constitution of the United in Asia, the Korean war and the war in Viet­ gigantic centralized government in Washing­ States.'' nam, by Presidential Proclamation and with­ ton, whose tentacles are ever reaching out They specifiied in that sacred document out benefit of a Declaration of War by Con­ like a giant octopus to dominate and control, the so-called common affairs, i.e., affairs gress. We have seen the Judicial Branch of more and more, the internal operations of which could best be administered by a cen­ the Government, and I refer specifically to the several states and the lives of the citi­ tral of Federal Government, such as the lay­ the Supreme Court, to whom the finger of zens therein. Let us never forget that the ing and collecting of taxes to pay the national guilt must be pointed for this aberration, Federal Government is a government of dele­ debt; providing for the common defense and assume the prerogatives of the Congress and gated powers only, aJ:?-d that any encroach­ general welfare of the United States; regu­ of the state legislatures, under the guise of ment by the Federal Government upon the lating commerce among the several states; "interpretation," to enact infamous judicial powers and authority not delegated to it by declaring and waging war; coining money legislation dictated by political and sociolog­ the states is usurpation, despotism and and establishing and maintaining post offices ical considerations, which affect the lives tyranny. and post roads and the like. (And, I might and property of every individual citizen. It is well to remember the words of Mr. call to your attention that domination and I refer specifically among others, to the long Justice Sutherland: oontrol of the public schools was not so in­ line of decisions, beginning with Brown vs. "Do the people of this land-in the Provi­ cluded.) And, to be doubly sure that the Fed­ Kansas, decided in 1954, whereby the Federal dence of God, favored as they sometimes eral Government should have only the pow­ Court has seized the control and now domi­ boast above all others in the plentitude of ers and authority expressly delegated to it, nate the operation of the public school their liberties-desire to preserve those so they spelled it out in plain English, in Ar- systems of the several states, even to the ex­ carefully protected by the Bill of Rights? If -ticle X of the Bill of Rights, the Tenth tent of arranging their athletic schedules, in so, let the'Ill withstand all beginnings of en­ Amendment to the Constitution, that: order to force integration of the races in the croachment. For the saddest epitaph which "The powers not delegated to the United school systems. This Court has repeatedly can be carved into the memory of a vianished States by the Constitution, nor prohibited in the last twenty years, and. in innumerable liberty is that it was lost because its pos­ by it to the states, are reserved to the states, other cases, in effect amended or rewritten sessors failed to stretch forth a saving hand respectively, or to the people." various provisions of the Constitution in the while yet there was time." _ And, in that Constitution, they established . name of "liberalism," by reversing precedents There are many other grave problems three separate and distinct branches of that of many years standing which have construed which oonfront us today: and which con­ centralized government--the Legislative, the those provisions and which constructions and stitute serious threats to the continuing Executive and the Judicial. They delegated interpretations have long been rec0gnized safety and preservation of our country. Not to the Legislative Branch, the Congress, the as the law of the land. And, by attributing the least of these perils is the tremendous power to make laws; but, that power to make such fiexibility to the meaning Of such con­ increase in the national crime rate in our laws was definitely restricted to the subjects stitutional provisions, the Court has not only country in recent years. Did you know that May 20, 1968 · EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14111 the overall national crime rate, and I mean but on our military bases all over the world much one billion dollars is? I! you should crimes of violence, has, according to an edi­ and upon our ~ips sa.lling the seas, wblle give your wife one bllllon dollars, and tell torial in a recent edition o! the Mont­ every potential candidate for President o! her to go out and spend it at the rate o! gomery Advertiser, risen by an all but un­ the United States, save one, George Wallace, $1,000 a day, and not come back until it's believable 88% since 1960. Did you know ran a footrace to Atlanta to condole with his all spent, you wouldn't see her again for that the total take of organized crime in the widow. 2,739 years. Our state tax revenues have com­ United States annually is more than forty Never before in our history has there been parably increased. billion dollars-more than the total after­ such a display of violence and looting and In spite of this fantastic tax income, I taxes profits of all the corporations and busi­ burning and wanton destruction of property, would like to remind you that our National ness enterprises in the United States of all of which went unpunished because of the debt today exceeds the tremendous sum of America? Do you know that, according to apparent cowardly reluctance of the states 380 billion dollars, an increase of more than a recent news release, in Washington, D.C., and national leadership to interfere for fear 352 billion in the past thirty years, i.e., since the secretaries working in the Pentagon are of depriving the Negro of his civil rights; the beginning of the Franklin Roosevelt era; forbidden to go from the ofilces to their cars could it have been the fear of losing the Negro and, yet today, enjoying the greatest National in the adjacent parking lot after dark un­ vote? Since when, I ask you, did rioting income and burdened with what constitutes, accompanied by an armed guard to protect and burning and looting of stores and steal­ I believe, the highest taxes in any period ex­ them? Did you know that the crime of rape ing of merchandise and sniping and murder cept when we were involved in an all-out is of such frequent occurrence in the City o! become a civil right? And, we are promised war, we nevertheless increase every year our Washington, our Nation's capital, that a by one element of the Negro leadership that National debt by spending more than our public clinic has been set up by the we are to expect a longer and hotter sum­ National tax income--deficit spending. In governing authorities for the post-rape mer this year, with violence the like of the past fiscal year, the deficit was nine a.nd treatment of victims? This is tragic and which we have not seen before. seven-tenths billion dollars. Do you know frightening, but it is true. History has shown But, what can we expect.when the enforce­ that the interest which we are now paying that the first indication of the decline and ment of law and order in our country is under each year on our National debt is three times fall of a nation is disregard of law and order the control o! our present Attorney General, the total a.mount of our National debt when on the part of the people. one Ramsey Clark, who, when questioned Franklin D. Roosevelt became President of Treason, anarchy and sedition, the tools while arson and looting was at its height in the United States? Lenin, the great prophet with which the Communists ply their trade, Washington, D.C., and the city was afia.me of Communism, wrote, in the early stages of have become rampant in our country in re­ and the merchants were being robbed openly, the Bolshevik Revolution, that the way to cent months, and we see little or no action as to what he WM going to do about it, re­ achieve the primary Communist objective, by our Government to forbid it or to punish plied,, acoording to the press, that he "had the destruction of America, was to cause it those who openly advocate sabotage and re­ the matter under consideration." to spend itself into bankruptcy. Are we going bellion, and even assassination of certain of And, I say to you that it is also nausea.ting - to vindicate his prophecy? Khrushchev once our public officials. Take, for instance, the and disgusting to hear the political leader­ said: "I am convinced that tomorrow the speech of H. Rap Brown, freely quoted in ship in those communities where rioting and Red flag will fly over the United States; but, the public press and on television, which was arson and looting have gone unpunished, at­ we will not fly it; it will be the Americans made, of all places, in a Washington Episco­ tribute the criminal tendencies of the rioters themselves." pal Church, in which Brown is quoted as say­ to the fact tha.t they live 1n slums and I cannot close without calling to your at­ ing: ghettos. Well, tbey don't have to live there; tention the ever-quickening trend of our Na­ "We'll make the Viet Cong look like Sun­ there is an opporunity in this land of ours tion in recent years toward a socialist or wel­ day School teachers-violence is necessary. for everyone to improve his economic status fare state. We have but to look at England, Get you some guns-and burn this town if he has the will and determination to do once the greatest and most powerful nation down." so. And, such proclamation by the politicians in the world, whose proud boast was that create in the minds of the rioters the con­ "This town" was Washington, D.C., the "the sun never sets upon the British Em­ viction that rioting is expected of them a.nd pire," to see the result of this pernicious na­ capital of the United States of America. And, ls excusable because of their environment, this they have done, as he demanded. On tional anemia. Our country is being internally and they are thereby encouraged to resort to seduced and gutted by this same poisonous another occasion this same Rap Brown said rioting and violence. It has been demon­ in a speech: bacteria. Our people are being brainwashed strated in some communities that they to believe that they should look to the Gov­ "If America don't come around, we're going understand the meaning of force, and in to burn America down, Brother, we•re going ernment for everything. The men who gave those communities in which the governing us our way of life did not subscribe to the to burn it if we don't get our share of it." authority has given warning that such vio­ socialistic philosophy that the Government Equally venomous and threatening have lence Will not be tolerated, but will be met owes everyone a living; they bequeathed to been. the ravings of Stokely Carmichael, and with the necessary force to restrain a.nd pre­ us a way of life that provides an opportunity other adherents and advocates of the Com­ vent, there has been no violence. I refer you for everyone willlng to work to make the most munist-inspired Black Power movement, who to the City of Mia.ml, whose Police Chief of what he has, and to earn a livelihood for have visited in Moscow, Hanoi, Havana and warned that looters and arsonists would be himself. This was their legacy to us. Many other Communist nations, at will, and shDt on sight; and, there has been no looting years ago someone asked James Russell Low­ though in violation of Federal laws have not or arson there. ell the question: "How long will the Ameri­ been arrested or paid any penalty therefor. Another peril which confronts us, and can way of life endure?" The wise statesman But, the Justice Department has been both which ls equally as grave and as dangerous and poet replied: "Only so long as the ideals deaf and blind insofar as their actions and as the unprecedented rise of the national and philosophy of the man who made it con­ conduct are concerned. After all, they are crime rate, is the very serious economic plight tinue dominant in the minds and hearts of negroes advocating "civil rights" and as such in which we find ourselves today and which ea.ch generation." can do no wrong in the eyes of the leadership is the result of the fiscal irresponsibility to Our forebears had no Federal subsidy, nor in our country today. which we have been subjected by our na­ did they seek any. All they had was charac­ The rioting and open defiance of law which tional leadership in recent years. Our leading ter. All they did was work. I wonder what we witnessed in so many of the larger cities economists tell us that we face at this they would think if they could return to us of the North and East and West last summer, time the most serious financial crisis for a little while and were told that forty and within the past month, was unprece­ of the century; the spiral of uncon­ milllon people in America today are drawing dented. Do you realize that there were more trolled inflation has devalued the dollar; welfare checks, or are living on Government than 150 riots or outbreaks of violence in our gold reserves are depleted; we are told relief, or draw subsidies of one kind or an­ 120 cities in the United States last year? that, unless our taxes are increased by the other from the Government? And, this record has already been exceeded imposition of a 10% surtax on income across And, the internal, moral decay which is this year, as a sequel to the shooting of the board and unless Government spending becoming so manifest in our country ls be­ Martin Luther King, the most notorious ad­ is curtailed, a ruinous depression ls inevita­ ing accompanied by a commensurate loss of vocate of civil disobedience and rabble­ ble; and, yet we find such items in the Fed­ prestige and respect for our country, which rouser in the land, who precipitated violence eral budget for the coming year as appro­ has been so evident through the yea.rs in the wherever he went, while falsely professing to priation of $60,000 to a college in Florida eyes of the world at large. It was a sad day oppose violence; and, who publicly pro­ to finance a study of the social life of the in the history of our country, but is truly claimed by radio and television that he would black bird. indicative of the low levels to which the Na­ obey those laws and court decrees of which I would call to your attention, and please he approved, and would contemptuously dis­ mark this well, that, during the first 155 tional prestige of the United States is now regard and violate those of which he did yea.rs of the life of our National Government, sinking among the nations of the world, not approve. And, I may say to you that it from 1791 to 1946, the Federal Government when a third-rate pygmy of a. nation like was nauseating to see the President of the collected in taxes the aggregate sum of 179 North Korea can seize an Am.erlcan ship, the United States and the others in authority in blllion dollars; and, as compared to that Pueblo, and its crew upon the high seas and this country deify this arch traitor by declar­ amount, in the twenty-year period from 1947 then thumb its nose at us and ask us what ing a day of mourning over his death and to 1967, the total taxes collected by the Fed­ we are going to do about it; and, we don't ordering the flag Of our country to fiy at hal!­ eral Government was the astounding sum do anything about it, except plead wtth mast, not only throughout the United State& of 1,657 blllion dollars.. Do you realize how them to return our crew. We fought a war 14112 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 20, 1968 with England in 1812 for less than that; but MR. CONFEDERACY engaged in writing a complete history of after all, that was 156 years ago. Aiken County. He also teaches in_St. John's All those, and many more perils of equal Sunday S

_Alliance bf Businessmen estim@-ted that there YOUNG· MARINES URGE RENEWED to our nation's greatness. Freedom was a.re between 1,800 and 2,000 "ha,rd-core un­ PRIDE, SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY handed down to us by past generations and employed" in Honolulu now. it is up to us to keep it and build on it. He defined the hard-core unemployed as Freedom doesn't come free and each of us high school dropouts, those who are men­ HON. JAMES C. CORMAN has the duty to. 'Work to keep it. · tally disttµ"bed, without motivation to work, OF CALIFORNIA · Sincerely, or on welfare. · KENNETH R. SCHLAUDRAFF. He said that a nationwide drive started in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HARVEY, ILL. January by President Johnson and under the Monday, May 20, 1968 ROBERT E. MORROW, III. leadership of Henry Ford II is dedicated to NORTH HOLLYWOOD, CALIF. finding jobs for thousands of high school Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, I would NORVIN T . J. FAYARD. dropouts and other hard-core unemployed. like to share with my colleagues in the LOUIS, MISS. The goal here was to find jobs for 1,000 House today, a letter I recently received Sgt. MICHAEL SWEENEY, USMC. high school dropouts and 400 fulltime jobs from Vietnam. It is signed by five young VIETNAM (hometown, Van Nuys, Calif.) in September for hard-core unemployed. Marine Corps servicemen, three of MARVIN BROWN. But yesterday's announcement that the EMPORIA, KANS. Hawaii Hotel .t\ssociation will attempt to whom have completed their tour of duty train and employ some 1,200 more than ex­ and are now returned as civilians to their ceeded the Hawaii objective, Ching said. It families in the United States. is the first pledge received. While in Vietnam, all of these young THE GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP Simon Schmidt, representative from the men were radio operators in reconnais­ Hawaii Metropolitan Office of the NAB, said sance at the demilitarized zone and saw that the Hawaii Hotel Association is trying to meet a May 15 deadline to the U.S. Depart­ a good deal of action. HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM ment of Labor for financial assistance in the They are concerned young men who 01' NEW YORK training of the unemployed. are troubled by many of the attitudes IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Under the terms of the contract, private of American youth today, and who have employers may be eligible for subsidies to expressed this concern in their letter to Monday, May 20, 1968 assist in training unemployed. The unem­ me. Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, I would ployed will be trained as domestic help, bus I hope this letter will be as thought like to call the attention of my colleagues boys and for hO'Usekeeplng, fOOd preparation provoking for my colleagues as it was and other jobs such as clerks and account­ and other readers of the CONGRESSIONAL ants, Sohmidt said. for me. RECORD to a new book which offers val­ Thomas Rohr, chairman of the Pacific DEAR CONGRESSMAN CORMAN: We are Ma­ uable suggestions for the improvement Training Council, stressed that the jobs for rines serving in Viet Nam who are writing of our foreign aid and trade programs. the unemployed will not merely be "entry­ because of our concern with the attitudes The book is entitled "The Global Part­ level" jobs such as those for housekeepers, of American civilians. ' nership: International Agencies and Ec­ housemen or assistant cooks. It is difficult for us to understand why onomic Development" and has just been "While the unemployed will be trained for people are not busy trying to improve con­ published by Frederick A. Praeger, Inc. -entry-level jobs," Rohr said, "the training ditions instead of bitterly complaining about It will also be designed for upward mobility. taxes while they expect the government to is coedited by Riobard N. Gardner, Definite 'career ladder' jobs are available. do everything for them. We read and see former Deputy Assistant Secretary of "This means we are not just training peo­ an abundance of negative news and criticism State for International Organization Af­ ple to be dishwashers,". he said. "All training but rarely any constructive criticism. What fairs, and now professor of law and in­ is designed to provide each worker with the has happened to patriotism? And love and ternational organization at Columbia opportunity to go as high in the organization pride in our great country? Why are the University, and Max F. Millikan, direc­ as he desires." voices of the complainers so important while tor of MIT's Center for International Rohr said all the unemployed hired to the millions of Americans who have faith in Peace Foundation. The ideas presented wotk in the hotel industry will be paid the our United States are not being heard? We in this volume are particularly timely. "prevailing wage in Hawaii." He said this ls know that honest disagreement is healthy "far above the wage for any other hotel in­ and normal but nowadays dissension seems As Professors Gardner and Millikan dustry in the world." to be all we ever hear. write in their preface: It was also revealed yesterday that the We have some suggestions that we would In a world divided by deep national, ideo­ Chamber of Commerce has agreed to encour­ like to get across to the youth of America­ logical, and racial antagonisms the concept age its members to participate in the pro­ they aren't new ideas; they are a returning of a global partnership to abolish poverty has gram to alleviate unemployment on a mini­ to the ones of our Amerioan forefathers, a decidely utopian sound. Yet such a part­ mum basis of each company's hiring one brought up-to-date. Our basic thought is nership is in the making and provides one of hard-core unemployed person. for each individual to work for a better the notable victories for international cooper­ "It is the Chamber's hope that industry world and not to wait for someone else to ation in an age marked by national conflict. participation will extend beyond the large carry the burden. Each of us has the respon­ The essays in this volume chart the growth companies and reach smaller organizations sibility of being an active citizen. The energy of this global partnership and the work of that may be in a position to hire at least expended now in negative activities can be the various international agencies through one," a press release read. put to excellent use in helping to improve which it works. At a press conference yesterday, Gov. John conditions here and around the world. This Everyone knows what international agen­ A. Burns said all groups working together generation of ours should be building instead cies have failed to do; what they have suc­ to hire and train the unemployed deserve "a of tearing down. We should put all of our ceeded in doing is still largely unknown­ great deal of credit." efforts into proving that an American is first and therefore needs telling. But the purpose The hard-core unemployed are one of the an American-with any adjectives coming of this volume is not to celebrate past ac­ saddest refiections on our way of llfe and second. complishments. It is rather to examine, in American system of anything we have, Burns While some of our generation are fighting a critical and realistic way, the potentialities said. to keep America free and to honor our com­ and the limitations of international agencies "The announcement by the Hawaii Hotel mitments, the rest of us have the work to in the struggle for economic development. If Association to make those jobs available is improve conditions at home and we should the examination lends no support for un­ most important," he said. "I don't know of get on with it. Everyone of us should be relieved pessimism, neither does it encourage anything more important to our community." willing to give two years to the cause of facile optimism. As these essays make clear, Also present with Gov. Burns and Ching freedom in one way or another. We think the efforts of rich and poor countries alike at the press conference was Robert Rinker, that every young person should have the are still grossly inadequate when measured executive vice president of the Hawaii Hotel experience of accepting the challenge of against the problem to be solved-the Association, and Robert R. Grunsky, presi­ working with people less fortunate. We urge achievement of standards of living in the less dent of the Hawaii Employers Council. young Americans not serving in the armed developed countries compatible with human Grunsky said the Council's board of Gov­ forces to get with it and work in Vista or dignity. If the international war on poverty ernors is encouraging members to hire the the Peace Corps. is to succeed, an entirely new level of effort unemployed. What we are saying is that our generation will be needed on the part of both developed The ILWU was represented by Eddie Tan­ should be known as the "positive" genera­ and less developed countries. How success­ gen, and the Hotel Workers Union of the tion and every young_ American shpuld take fully international agencies can stimulate AFL-CIO by Arthur A. Rutledge. pride in it and be willing to work his heart this effort and administer programs in the Schmidt, of the NAB, said that persons out to make our generation the greatest. common interest is a vital question. The wishing to become involved in the programs We urge them to get involved in community answer will do much to determine the pros­ should get in touch with the Hawaii Employ- service or Vista or the Peace Corps so that pects for mankind in the remaining one- ment Service. · our generation will make its contribution third of this ce·ntury. ' 14116 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 20, 1968 THE QUESTION OF HIGH a home improvement loan from one of the sure this will be on the agenda of my OVERHEAD centers. The warrant for his arrest was based committee." on code violations recorded by a building in­ spector who checked the property to see what [From the Chicago (Ill.) Tribune, May 14, HON. DONALD RUMSFELD improvements would be covered by the low 1968] OF U.LINOIS interest loan. CITY BUILDING OFFICER TIED TO Two FIRMS­ In another case, a. property owner told in­ ADM:ITS BUSINESS CONNECTIONS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vestigators that a rehabilitation adviser so­ (By William. Jones) Monday, May 20, 1968 licited and received several hundred dollars for processing a. loan. The money would in­ A key administrator in the city building Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, it was sure that no building code violations would department's multi-million-dollar federal disclosed this week through an investi­ be found after the construction work was home iinprovement loan program has ad­ gation undertaken by the Chicago Trib­ completed, the property owner said he was mitted having business connections with at une and the Better Government Associa­ told. The home owner said he was told the least two construction firms doing business tion that it has cost nearly $2 million in shakedown funds could be ta.ken from the in the program, the Tribune learned yester­ overhead expenses to distribute less than loan amount by permitting the contractor day. to ignore certain work to be done under con­ He is Charles V. Harris, 8035 Crandon av., $800,000 in home improvement loans tract specifications. who is in charge of administering loan ap­ under the federally funded neighbor­ plications and opening construction bids in hood service center program in the city RULE NOT EXCEPTION the vital West Lawndale urban renewal area. of Chicago. "These glaring discrepancies appear to be OWNERSHIP IS DENIED The neighborhood service center pro­ the rule rather than the exception in the An investigation revealed that Imperial gram in Chicago is the responsibility of building department," said Mahin. "The in­ Construction company, 855 W. 79th st., has vestigation already has disclosed slumlords offices in the same suite where Harris said the Department of Housing and Urban immune to prosecution of their blighted he operates the Imperial Real Estate Ap­ Development. Under HUD's program 312, buildings while working as administrators in praisers, a real estate firm and bowling pro­ Federal funds are made available for the department. Now it appears that the motion venture. The Imperial Construction loans and grants for the rehabilitation small property owner who wants to improve company has done construction work in the of housing in keeping with Public Law his home with funds made available by the program., according to city records. Harris 89-117, the Housing and Urban Develop­ federal government is being subjected to the denied owning any interest in the construc­ ment Act of 1965. worst kind of harassment and intimidation." tion company. Abel Swirsky, deputy city building com­ "I did pay for advertising display on the The Chicago Tribune and the Better missioner and director of the neighborhood side of construction equipment of Imperial Government Association have been in­ service centers, defended the overhead costs and Harrell Builders," said Harris. "But the vestigating the Chicago Building Depart­ of the program while admitting that the pro­ estate appraisal. It doesn't do me any good ment, through which the neighborhood gram has moved slowly. ads merely included the name of my real service center program is operated, Swirsky was appointed director of the now, but I thought the appraisal ads might since the first of the year. The disclo­ centers in March by executive order of Mayor help my business if I ever leave here [the sures resulting from this investigation Daley. The centers previously operated as a city building department]." are most alarming. separate unit under the federal grant, but Harrell Builders, 6248 S. Harper ave., is the mayor's order placed it under the control listed in the building department's approved In a series of articles, the Chicago of the building department. contractor's file and has done extensive work Tribune is detailing information result­ in the neighborhood service center program. ing from this investigation. I offer the REDTAPE A PROBLEM: COM:PLAINTS TURN UP first three articles in the series for the "One of my direct instructions is to ex­ pedite the loans as soon as possible,'' saJ.d Tho Harris denied any other connection RECORD. Swirsky. "The administration is very anxious with the two construction firms, the investi­ The articles follow: to expendite the program, but one of the gation disclosed complaints by a real estate (From the Chicago (Ill.) Tribune, May 13, problems is red tape. We're not satisfied management firm that Harris solicited work 1968] with what we've achieved, and I might say for Imperial from the management company. NEW Bun.DING DEPARTMENT ScANDAL TOLD­ the Federal government feels the same way." Miss Frances M. Denier, owner of the James SPEND $2 MILLION TO LoAN $800,000 Swirsky said that in addition to providing H. Martin real estate management firm, 7851 Ashland av., told investigators Harris solicit­ (By William Jones) low interest loans, and direct grants for property improvements in urban renewal ed repair work while renting the 79th street Mismanagement and massive overhead areas, the service centers also advise resi­ office from her firm. costs in a 5-million-dollar home improve­ dents. The office sites are used once a month Miss Denier said Harris identified himself ment loan program run by the city building to conduct building code compliance as an urban renewal administrator and sug­ department have been uncovered by the hearings. gested she give work to his company. Tribune. Swirsky said he does not know why the Investigators also found that the tele­ The continuing investigation of the scan­ Uptown service center, which has 20 em­ phone listed for Imperial Construction was dal-ridden building department by the ployes, has made only two improvement loans recorded in Harris' name and that he pays Tribune and the Better Government associa­ since 1966. all rents and telephone bills in the office. tion [B. G. A.J disclosed that nearly 2 mil­ "However, we also have an intensive code Other tenants in the building identified Har­ lion dollars has been spent for overhead costs enforcement program in that area," said ris as owner of the construction company to distribute less than $800,000 in home im­ Swirsky. He saJ.d he did not know when the and said he occasionally was in the office provement loans since the neighborhood last loan was approved in the Uptown office. during the day to conduct business. service center was funded in February, 1966. When Swirsky first was questioned about TELLS OF COMPLAINING The B. G. A. investigation is under the direc­ the amount of loans made in relation to the "I never go to that office until after 5 p.m.," tion of George Mahin, its executive director. high overhead costs, he said nearly 2 million A department administrator said that most said Harris. "I know all about the construc­ dollars in loans and grants had been ap­ tion company phone being listed in my name of the overhead costs have been for payrolls, proved. He later said the amount was less which have been loaded with politically spon­ and I complained to the telephone company than $800,000, however, when investigators about it." sored employes since the centers were orga­ pointed out he was' lumping urban renewal nized. The nine centers operate in deterio­ Meanwhile, Mayor Daley defended the 2- loans with those approved by the service million-dollar overhead cost of the home rated sections of the city which have been centers. designated urban renewal areas. loan program, claiming the program serves CRITICISM FROM SW ANSON other functions beyond property improve­ OWNERS RAP PROGRAM The loans are made at 3 per cent interest ment loans. Daley said relatively few loans The probe also revealed widespread crit­ to be paid back over periods of several years. have been approved because of mortgage icism of the program by property owners Also available under the program are direct delays and the need to train qualified per­ who have received loans and grants. They grants of up to $1,500 for property improve­ sonnel. complained of long delays in construction ment if a home owner's annual income is less George Mahin, executive director of the work while they were paying on the loans than $3,000. Better Government association [B.G.A.], an­ and nriticized the quality of work. Others The disclosure also brought strong criti­ nounced that his organization has contacted said service center advisers frequently sided cism from. State Sen. Arthur R . Swanson [R., the entire Illinois congressional delegation, with contractors in talking property owners Chicago], chairman of the Senate committee seeking an investigation of the handling of out of specific rehabilitation work listed in investigating builddng department opera­ millions of dollars in federal funds thru the federal loan contracts. tions. program. The bizarre mismanagement of the multi­ "I'm not surprised at the revelations," said DmECTED BY swmsKY million-dollar federal program also resulted Swanson. "But I am appalled at the addi­ Mahin acted after the Tribune and B. G. in an elderly diabetic being jailed for build­ tional evidence of the total breakdown in A. disclosed Monday that nearly 2 million ing code violations soon after he applied for building department operations. You can be dollars in federal funds have been spent May 20, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS '14117 in overhead costs in nine neighborhood serv­ They said Harris had tried to get more GWENDOLYN CARTER PICTURES ice centers to administer less than $800,000 in from them than the $210 but that they had AFTERMATH OF STUDENT DEM­ home improvement loans and grants. The refused to make any additional payment. ONSTRATION AT NORTHWESTERN service centers are controlled by the build­ Investigators have obtained a copy of a $2·10 ing department under the direction of Abel check signed by Pearson and indorsed by Swirsky, deputy building commissioner, and Harris. HON. BARRATT O'HARA were formed in 1966 under a $5-million-dollar MAKES F,REQUENT LOANS OF ILLINOIS federal grant. Harris, who has denied any knowledge of The centers operate in deteriorated sec­ or participation in shakedowns in the federal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions of the city that have been designated loan program, said he indorsed Pearson's Thursday, May 16, 1968 as urban renewal areas. The loans are made check as a favor to another contractor. The at 3 per cent interest to be paid back over check is made out to "Contractors and Build­ Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, several years. Also available under the pro­ ers." Harris said this was a firm which Northwestern University in Evanston, gram are direct grants of up to $1,500 for had done extensive work in the federally Ill., recently figured in the news of mani·· property improvements if a home owner's an­ funded program. f estations of student unrest sweeping the nual income ls less than $3,000. "I frequently loan money to contractors Nation. Northwestern, while its program In this letter to the congressional delega­ and run errands for them, and that's probably tion, Mahin asked for a thoro investigation of why this check contains my indorsement,'' of African studies is among the highest "mismanagement, corruption, overloaded Harris said. ranking in the Nation and is equally payrolls, and other w~stes of federal money However, Pearson said he wrote out the acclaimed in Africa and in the United running into millions of dollars. check last month after receiving the first States, has a relatively low Negro student "What we have found in Chicago, is, in all phase payment for work performed in im­ enrollment and scant Negro faculty probab111ty, true in other areas thruout the proving his brother-in-law's property. membership. country," Mahin said. "In view of the critical "Harris took us both to a bowling alley and Following the recent demonstration the financial condition of the federal government explained that he wanted a percentage of and of the announced intent to cut federal each of the checks received from the improve­ university administration readily agreed spending, it 1s obviously imperative that ment work,'' Kruel said. to make a drive for a student body waste of federal funds be eliminated. It is Police records show that Harris was arrest­ more equally divided along racial lines even more imperative in this case since this ed Jan. 9, 1963 for contempt of court and last and a much larger faculty representation involves housing, which is a critical problem, Nov. 20, on charges of being keeper of a of Negro educators. It also undertook as evidenced by the Kerner commission re­ gambling house. Harris was discharged on the social reforms aimed at the elimination port." last count, records show. of racial discrimination and to provide a Harris is the ninth city employe suspended dormitory for Negro students comparable [From the Chicago (Ill.) Tribune, May 15, by the scandal unlocked by the evidence un­ to the other dormitories on the campus, 1968] covered by the Tribune and the B. G. A. of slumlords on the city pay roll and of phony and this in some quarters raised the CITY AIDE ARRESTED IN SLUM Quxz--CHARGE question of whether a dormitory exclu­ THAT HE SOLICITED A $210 BRIBE-SET building department inspections. $1,000 BAIL IN NEW PROBE sively for Negroes was not as much segre­ gation as quarters exclusively for whites. (By Wllllam Jones) Gwendolyn M. Carter is the inter­ Staite attorney's police yesterday arrested Charles V. Harris, 42, a city rehab111tation TWO MARYLAND SOLDIERS national ~y renowned director of African supervisor in the West Lawndale urban re­ KILLED IN VIETNAM studies at Northwestern Ur..iversity. newal area, on charges of official misconduct Members of the African Subcommittee of and bribery. the House Corr.nlittee on Foreign Affairs Harris was released last night on $1,000 HON. CLARENCE D. LONG count her as a personal friend and value bond for appearance May 22 in Felony court. OF MARYLAND her counsel as given at sessions of the Meanwhile, the county grand jury opened subcommittee. What does she, eminent an investigation into charges by two men IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES American educator, and recognized in all that Harris solicited and received a $210 Monday, May 20, 1968 of Africa a::; a stout friend of that con­ bribe to insure that construction work would pa.s.s the city's building code. Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, tinent, think of what has happened at Sp5 Michael L. Brewer and Sp4 Frederick Northwestern, the sudden demonstration CHARGE TIE TO BUILDERS and the prompt and favorable action by Harris was arrested a few hours after the A. Barclay, two fine young soldiers from Maryland, were killed recently in Viet­ the university authorities? Tribune and Better Government associa­ I am confident my colleagues will be tion presented evidence to Sidney Smith, nam. I wish to commend their bravery city building commissioner, linking Harris and honor their memories by including interested in a letter I have just received to the alleged $210 payoff. The information the following article in the RECORD: - from Miss Carter, and which by unani­ mous consent I am extending my re­ included photostats of the check the two SILVER SPRING, FREDERICK SOLDIERS KILLED men claim was given to Harris "to avoid marks to include, as follows: IN VIETNAM any problems with city building code viola­ NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY, tions." Earlier in the day, Smith had sus­ Two more Maryland soldiers, a paratrooper Evanston, Ill., May 15, 1968. pended Harris after disclosures that Harris from Silver Spring and an artilleryman from Hon. BARRATT O'HARA, has business connections with two con­ .Frederick, have been killed in Vietnam, the Subcommittee on Africa, House Foreign struction firms doing business in the pro­ Department of Defense reported yesterday. Affairs Committee, R_oom 2312 House gram. STATIONED IN HUE Office Building, Washington, D.C. Smith said that Harris' activities also were They were: Spec. 4 Frederick A. Barclay, DEAR REPRESENTATIVE O'HARA: As one of the under investigation by Thomas S. Mcinerney, 20, son of Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Barclay, Friends of the African Studies Program we city commissioner of investigations. He said, of 4511 Gridley road, Silver Spring; and Spec. would like you to know that both faculty however, that Mcinerney's investigation be­ 5 Michael L. Brewer, 23, husband of Mrs. Rita members and students enrolled in this pro­ gan only after the Tribune had made in­ J. Brewer, of Trail avenue, Frederick. gram as well as very many outside of it feel quiries about operations of the federal loan Specialist Barclay, a member of the lOlst that the agreement reached between the uni­ program. Airborne Division, stationed in Hue, was versity administration and our black stu­ The multi-million dollar home improve­ killed May 5. His father said no details of dents is a constructive basis on which to de­ ment program, financed thru a 5 mlllion dol­ velop cooperative working together. Few of lar federal grant, 1s administered by the his death were given. Mr. Barclay said his son had been in Viet­ us realize the indignities and indeed dangers city's building department. Harris, who lives that some of our black students were suffer­ at 8035 Crandon av., has been a key adminis­ nam since December 8, 1967. Specialist Bar­ clay received a shrapnel wound of the leg in ing at the hands of white fraternity men. trator in this program. These incidents, authenticated by the cam­ January and returned to combat in March. CHARGE $210 BRIBE BID pus police, had not been reported to our A graduate of Wheaton High School in Ivory Pearson, 1828 S. Avers av., a contrac­ highest authorities and came to their notice Silver Spring in June, 1966, Specialist Bar­ only with the demonstration that followed tor, and George Kruel, Pearson's brother-in­ clay enlisted in the Army in November, 1966. law, of the same address, told Tribune and the lack of response to a petition filed some­ He took basic training at Fort Benning, Ga., what earlier. B. G. A. investigators last week that Harris and then went to Fort Gordon before return­ solicited a $210 payment by Pearson to insure The atmosphere at Northwestern since the that construction work on a building Kruel ing to Fort Benning for paratroop training. agreement was reached has been astonish­ owns at 1830 S. Avers av. would be approved He was first stationed with the 82d Air­ ingly good. I have the word of the academic under the city building code. Two loans to­ borne Division at Fort Bragg, but last Sep­ vice-president that there was never any acri­ taling $20,000 have been made under the tember was transferred to the lOlst at Fort mony on either side in the course of the dis­ federal program to improve the building. Campbell. cussions between the administration and the 14118 . EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 20, 1968 black students. We know that the agreement Three years of appropriations under ESEA there are no books, .magazines or news­ is only a step on the way tO making North­ Title II have served to high-light the im­ papers in his home. There may be no one western a fairly integrated institution in portance and potential of a good school with the time or inclinatfon · to take him to which black and white together can play the library as a teaching and learning resource, tlie public· library, even if there is an invit- most constructive roles. We in African Stud­ even as it began to become a reality. Teachers . ing one nearby. · ies are particularly reminded of the old say­ are learning to make learning more effective 3. Chiidren from homes where parents are ing of Dr. Aggrey, a noted educationalist of when children have daily access to a wide va­ . intellectually underdeveloped · must depend the Gold Coast (now Ghana) that "You can riety of books and other materials. Improved .even more than other children on motiva­ play a tune of sorts on the white notes of the libraries, or new ones where there were none tions sparked in the classroom to begin the piano and a tune of sorts on the black notes before, have helped teachers to break out learning process. Such motivation can be but you need both for harmonies". We be­ of the lock step approach to teaching, to followed up extensively ox:.ly where there is lieve that we have a far better chance to find new ways of helping children, especially a good school library accessible at all hours move towards that kind of cooperative har­ urban and disadvantaged children, to learn. of the day, before and after school and at mony in all aspects of university living than Trying to spread $46 million over the 50 lunch period. before the administration and black students states, the District of Columbia, the Terri­ 4. An elementary school with a really good sat down together to face our common prob­ tories and the Indian Schools would bring library is apt.to have a special sort of "hum", lems. the improvements in teaching and learning a more interesting and individualized cur­ While none of us like the notion of segre­ virtually to a halt. Because of rapidly grow­ riculum, a sense of "everybody doing it" gated housing for black any more than for ing enrollments, many schools, especially in which is especially important to children white, the key to future dormitory arrange­ slum neighborhoods, have just begun to from homes where reading is not ranked ments is not, I believe, the provision in the make real headway, and some 36,000 public high (or at all) on the scale of useful or agreement for black corridors or even a black elementary schools still lack libraries. enjoyable activities, and where adult models dormitory but the attitude of the white stu­ The ill effects of the cuts would fall most often do not read easily, if at ·all. dents to their black fellow students and the heavily on the children who most need 5. The reading potentials, actually the in­ black students toward their white fellow stu­ books and flexible tailored programs of learn­ terest potentials, of disadvantaged children dents. Some of us have the hope that the ing-the children of the urban centers, are frequently underestimated by their teach­ change will be made to a sufficient degree to whose schools, both public and private, had ers. Such children, lacking verbal facility, remove the sense of isolation and, at times, the greatest lack and the greatest amount images, concepts, may not do well on tradi­ danger, of the black students and thus make of catching up to do. tional tests measuring ability but may be their self-imposed segregation unnecessary. New library and instructional materials potentially gifted. The presence of a good If you have particular questions about the have been made available to approximately school library and an empathetic school implementation of the agreement or would 43 million children and 1.7 million teachers librarian gives children a chance to stretch like to meet some of the students most con­ in public and non-public schools in FY 1966. beyond the narrow confines of the curricu­ cerned with it--Jim Turner, the leader, was Collections of materials in both newly es­ lum, the classroom or any one teacher's imag­ a Program of African Studies fellow and tablished and expanded existing public ination. A good school librari an can be a k ind works closely with us-we would be most school libraries also served 3.1 million pri­ of intellectual ombudsman for the hard­ happy to arrange a meeting. We would al­ vate school pupils who received loans of pressed slum child in his over-crowded school. ways welcome your participation in any of materials through the improvement of exist­ 6. We believe that children of all races, our activities and above all greatly appreci­ ing libraries or the organization of new economic levels and home environments will ate your interest. libraries. grow in their response to the unfamiliar Cordially yours, Children living in cities and attending through exposure to all kinds of books. Ne­ GWENDOLYN M. CARTER, non-public schools-and an estimated 80% gro children living in ghettos need, perhaps D i rector. of the children attending all Catholic pa­ initially, to have available to them books that rochial schools for example, do live in ci ties­ reflect something of their own lives and would be especially hard hit. The hard concerns; but they must not be limited to THE EFFECTS OF SCHOOL LIBRARY pressed and overcrowded city public school material that is supposed to appeal to them system would, realistically, with the pro­ because they are Negro and urban, or Indian CUTS posed budget cut, have so few books and and rural, or Puerto Rican. A good school other library resources to loan to private library provides a ready smorgasbord. HON. JAMES G. FULTON school children that the lending program 7. The development by a ghetto child of a would be almost meaningless. For example: new image of life, perhaps of himself, through OF PENNSYLVANIA Ohio, with its many cities, would be cut contact with a school library, can infect an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from the estimated 1968 allocation of $5,- entire family with the "reading bug." Young­ 357,489 down to $2,483,468; the allotment for Monday, May 20, 1968 er children, even parents, may learn. for the Kentucky, with a mostly rural poor popula­ first time something of freedom, the new Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania. Mr. tion, would fall from $1,505,814 down to competence that good reading ability brings Speaker, under leave to extend my re­ $698,021; while the already pitiful allotment with it. for the Indian Schools would drop from marks in the RECORD, I include the fol­ $141,807 to $63,959. lowing news release of the Catholic Li­ And yet, good school library resources, es­ brary Association: pecially in these critical times, constitute the KIRKLAND, WASH., GIRL NAMED MISS U.S.A. THE EFFECTS OF SCHOOL LIBRARY CUTS-AN ounce of prevention that is worth a pound OUNCE OF PREVENTION WORTH A POUND OF of cure: the cost of providing a good school CURE THREATENS To BECOME A DROP library is far less than the cost, in both eco­ HON. THOMAS M. PELLY Establishment and expansion of school li- nomic and human terms, of providing basic braries, especially those at the habit-forming, remedial training for the hordes of adult, OF WASHINGTON hard-core jobless illiterates, who are increas­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES skill-building elementary school level, is ing by the day. Here are some other reasons being severely threatened by the proposed why, even in a year when budget cuts are Monday, May 20, 1968 budget cut in the appropriation for Title II required, that the level of school library re­ Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, the State of of the Elementary and Secondary Education sources provided by Title II of ESEA must be Act for the Fiscal Year 1969, beginning July maintained since these materials support Washington today is justly proud of one 1, 1968. The budget request is for only $46 quality of education, which is essential for of her young people, 20-year-old Didi million as compared with the authorization all children but urgently needed for d:is­ Anstett, who last Saturday night was of $162.5 million for FY 1969 for School Li­ advantaged children. Good readers are not named Miss U.S.A. The entire Nation brary Resources, Textbooks and other In:­ apt to be rioters. watched their television screens as Didi structional Materials. This $46 million is less 1. Reading is the key. Good reading ability, than half of the appropriation made for the achieved this great title, which enables Fiscal Year 1968, as follows: a degree of literacy adequate to the increas­ her now to represent the United States ing demands of the job market is the result in the Miss Universe contest later in the Appropriation fiscal year 1968 __ $99, 234, 000 of good instruction in reading plus regular Budget recommendation, fiscal and continuing practice that deepens skills year. year 1969 ______46,000,000 while it also exercises and enlarges intel­ Didi is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. lectual capacity. Learning to read means de­ Francis Duane Anstett, 309 Lake Avenue Decrease ______53, 234, 000 veloping the reading habit. It requires daily West, Kirkland, Wash. She began her trip access to an ever-widening supply Of things Such a cutback would deal a serious blow to this well-deserved fame by winning to read. Minimal reading skill quickly atro­ the title of Miss Kirkland which made it to an entire educational system that is al­ phies if not related to habit and need. ready woefully deficient in its resources of 2. The school library in his elementary possible for · her to represent her home-:­ books and other instructional inaterials that school may provide the only exposure to town in the Miss Washington Universe can provide truly individualized instruction books that the slum child has in his forma­ contest 2 weeks ago. for children of widely varied learning tive years--the years in which he is re­ As Washington's candidate to the Miss abilities. ceiving instruction in reading skills. Usually U.S.A. pageant, Didi was poised, con- May fJ1, 1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 14119 ft.dent, and an outstanding represent.a. .. Tolliver and his stepfather and mother, Mr. tortion operation," Inspector Thomas I. Her­ tive of her home State. and Mrs. Robert Mays, of Bel Air. lihy, head of the police Intelligence Division, It is with a great deal of pride that I Private Kidd graduated from the North said today. call to the attention of my colleagues Carroll High School and enlisted. in the Ma­ The division has had numerous complaints rine Corps in June, 1967. He took his basic from businessmen who report being contacted in the House of Representatives, the training at Parris Island, S.C. and moved on in person and by telephone by solicitors. name of Miss Dorothy Anstett as Miss to Camp Lejeune, N.C. In cases of solicitations being backed by U.S.A. The United States can be pleased After completing advanced training at threats of arson, Herlihy said, "Obviously with her newly named representative. Camp Pendleton, Cal., he shipped out with there have been some who have paid off and a ritle platoon in the 2d Battalion, 5th Ma­ not reported it." . rines, 1st Marine Division. Private Kidd arrived in South Vietnam in STORE OWNER WAVES GUN SOLDIER, MARINE DIE IN VIETNAM January, according to his mother and served A store owner in the 1800 block of 7th at Da Nang and Hue. While on patrol at Phu Street, contacted by The Star, said he had Loe he received fragmentation wounds from waved a pistol at one such solicitor when HON. CLARENCE D. LONG an explosive. He died May 3. the man demanded $50. The man ran out Besides his parents, he is survived by a of the store. OF MARYLAND brother, Timothy L. Kidd, and two sisters, The owner, who asked that he not be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Patricia A. Kidd and Cathy D. Kidd. identified, said a well-dressed Negro entered his store at about 11 a.m. Monday and said, Monday, May 20, 1968 Also surviving are Mr. and Mrs. Walter Zepp, of Rooks, Harford county, his maternal "Give me $50 and I'll tell them not to burn Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, grandparents and Mrs. Howard Kidd, of up your building." The owner then pulled Sp4c. Larry L. Tolliver and Pfc. Michael Baltimore, his paternal grandmother. out the gun and the man tled. Services will be held at 2 P.M. today at the "I built this store myself 37 years ago," L. Kidd, two fine young men from Mary­ the owner said. "But I'm not going to pay land, were killed recently in Vietnam. I Tipton-Eline funeral establishment, Hamp­ stead. Burial will be in Mount Zion Ceme­ somebody not to burn it down." wish to commend their bravery and tery. Numerous merchants said they had been honor their memories by including the asked by members Of the Student Nonvio1ent following article in the RECORD: Coordinating Committee to contribute small­ SOLDIER, MARINE· DIE IN VIETNAM er amounts-not, however, under threat. "A SNCC worker came in Thursday and A 24-year-old Army specialist and a 19- DO WE HAVE AN ATTORNEY asked for money so they could send kids to year-old marine were listed by the Defense GENERAL? summer camp, or something like that," said Department yesterday as killed in action _in the owner of a grocery store on 7th Street South Vietnam. NW. They were Army Spec. 4 Larry L. Tolliver, "I gave him a check for $5," he added. "I husband of Mrs. Jane E. Tolliver, of Bel Air, HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE would have been crazy not to." and Marine Pfc. Michael L. Kidd, son of Mr. OF TEXAS POSTERS BEING SOLD and Mrs. John E. Kidd, of Hampstead, Carroll IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES county. Many stores throughout the city display Spec. 4 Tolliver, a native of Harford Monday, May 20, 1968 a framed poster commemorating the death county, attended Bel Air High Schoo[ He was of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., whose drafted in June, 1967, and was sent to Fort Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, the follow­ assassination April 4 touched off widespread Bragg, N.C. ing article appeared in the Friday, April arson and looting. He took advanced individual training at 26, edition of the Evening Star. The ar­ The posters have been sold by door-to-door Fort Knox, Ky., after which he was sent to ticle speaks for itself, but again I would solicitors for $1 each. The frame costs $3. South Vietnam and assigned to the 11th ask, "Do we have an Attorney General?" Also being sold are Martin Luther King but­ of Armored Cavalry as commander a tank THREATS OF PAY-OR-BURN POSE PROBLEM TO tons for $1 each. track. POLICE Inspector Herlihy pointed out that solicit­ Mrs. Tolliver said she had received word ing without a permit from the Department Tuesday that her husband had been killed (By Donald Smith) of Licenses and Inspection is illegal. There May 8 near his Xuan Loe base about 60 miles District police are worried that recent at­ have been no arrests in connection with the northwest of Saigon. tempts to solicit money from white mer­ posters and buttons, however, because of a In his last letter, Mrs. Tolliver said, he chants, sometimes under threats of burning lack of complaints. wrote that "he was in a lot of action" and down their stores if the money is not pa.id, He also pointed out that implied threats that his outfit "was constantly on the move." may be growing. such as "I'll be back later" 1f a merchant Besides his wife Specialist Tolliver is sur­ "I'm afraid that if this trend develops fur­ refuses to pay extortion money are difficult vived by his son of 6 months, Phillip Lee ther we're liable to have a Mafia type of ex- to prosecute.

SENATE-Tuesday, May 21, 1968 The Senate met at 9: 30 o'clock a.m., We ask it in that Name which is as an addition to the Navajo Indian Reserva­ on the expiration of the recess, and was above every name. Amen. tion, and for other purposes"; s. 1119. An act to grant minerals, includ­ called to order by the President pro tem­ ing oil and gas, on certain lands in the Crow pore. Indian Reservation, Mont., to certain Indians, The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown THE JOURNAL and for other purposes; Harris, D.D., offered the following Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. S. 1395. An act for the relief of Dr. Brandla prayer: President, I ask unanimous consent that Don (nee Praschnik) ; s. 1406. An act for the relief of Dr. Jorge Let us pray. . the Journal of the proceedings of Mon­ Mestas; O Lord our God, Thy goodness 1s ever day, May 20, 1968, be approved. S. 1483. An act for the relief of Dr. Pedro before us and Thy mercy has followed The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ Lopez Garcia; us all our days. Facing problems and out objection, it is so ordered. S. 1918. An act for the relief of Dr. Gabriel difficulties that test our power to the Gomez del Rio; limit, save us from being cynical or faint­ S. 1968. An act for the relief of Dr. Jose hearted. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT­ Ernesto Garcia y Tojar; S. 2005. An act for the relief of Dr. Anacleto As citizens of a world that carries on APPROVAL OF BILLS C. Fernandez; its sagging shoulders problems of human Messages in writing from the President S. 2022. An act for the relief of Dr. Mario burdens and suffering grewter than hu­ of the United States were communicated Jose Remirez DeEstenoz; and manity has ever borne, make us such men to the Senate by Mr. Geisler, one of his S. 2745. An act to provide for the observ­ that Thou mayest speak to us and that secretaries, and he announced that the ance of the centennial of the signing of the to this bewildered generation we may be President had approved and signed the 1868 treaty of peace between the Navajo In­ broadcasters of Thy voice. dian Tribe a.nd the United States. following acts: On May 18, 1968: Give us courage and strength for the May 17, 1968: S. 948. An act for the relief of Seaman Eu­ vast task of social rebuilding that needs S. 391. An act to amend the act of March gene Sidney Markovitz, U.S. Navy; to be dared if life for all men 1s to be 1, 1933 (47 Stat. 1418), entLtled "An act to S. 1147. An act for the relief of Mariana made full and free. permanently set aside certain lands in Utah Mantzios;