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Smoking Behavior and the Use of Cigarette Types Among University Student
E-ISSN 2240-0524 Journal of Educational and Social Research Vol 10 No 5 ISSN 2239-978X www.richtmann.org September 2020 . Research Article © 2020 Arisona et.al.. This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) Smoking Behavior and the Use of Cigarette Types Among University Student Amalia Arisona Laili Rahayuwati Ayu Prawesti Habsyah Saparidah Agustina Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia DOI: https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2020-0100 Abstract The number of smokers is increasing every year in Indonesia. Cigarettes can cause several health problems and can even cause death. Aside from conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes and shisha are starting to get the spotlight. The types of cigarettes include conventional cigarettes, electric cigarettes and shisha can cause health problems to both smokers and the people around them. The purpose of this study was to determine smoking behavior and the use of cigarette types in students. This research was quantitative descriptive. The population in this study were students who have smoked either the conventional, electric or shisha. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling with 384 students as the samples. The instrument in this study used a questionnaire that was independently developed by researchers with a total of 14 questions. The results of the data obtained were then analyzed using descriptive analysis presented in the form of a percentage. Based on the results of the study it was found that non-health students (90.6%) were more likely to smoke than health students (9.4%). -
Philippa H Deeley Ltd Catalogue 17 Oct 2015
Philippa H Deeley Ltd Catalogue 17 Oct 2015 1 A Pinxton porcelain teapot decorated in gilt with yellow cartouches with gilt decoration and hand hand painted landscapes of castle ruins within a painted botanical studies of pink roses, numbered square border, unmarked, pattern number 300, 3824 in gilt, and three other porcelain teacups and illustrated in Michael Bertould and Philip Miller's saucers from the same factory; Etruscan shape 'An Anthology of British Teapots', page 184, plate with serpent handle, hand painted with pink roses 1102, 17.5cm high x 26cm across - Part of a and gilt decoration, the saucer numbered 3785 in private owner collection £80.00 - £120.00 gilt, old English shape, decorated in cobalt blue 2 A Pinxton porcelain teacup and saucer, each with hand painted panels depicting birds with floral decorated with floral sprigs and hand painted gilt decoration and borders, numbered 4037 in gilt landscapes with in ornate gilt surround, unmarked, and second bell shape, decorated with a cobalt pattern no. 221, teacup 6cm high, saucer 14.7cm blue ground, gilt detail and hand painted diameter - Part of a private owner collection £30.00 landscape panels - Part of a private owner - £40.00 collection £20.00 - £30.00 3 A porcelain teapot and cream jug, possibly by 8A Three volumes by Michael Berthoud FRICS FSVA: Ridgway, with ornate gilding, cobalt blue body and 'H & R Daniel 1822-1846', 'A Copendium of British cartouches containing hand painted floral sparys, Teacups' and 'An Anthology of British Teapots' co 26cm long, 15cm high - -
General and Collectables Tuesday 20 July 2010 10:00
General and Collectables Tuesday 20 July 2010 10:00 Frank Marshall & Co Marshall House Church Hill Knutsford WA16 6DH Frank Marshall & Co (General and Collectables) Catalogue - Downloaded from UKAuctioneers.com Lot: 1 Lot: 12 A large decorative terracotta cylinder form umbrella/stick stand Two boxes of assorted hard back books predominantly on vase horse racing Estimate: £20.00 - £40.00 Estimate: £20.00 - £40.00 Lot: 2 Lot: 13 A 19th century copper and brass coaching horn A cased Riosa mother of pearl effect cased accordion Estimate: £10.00 - £15.00 Estimate: £30.00 - £50.00 Lot: 3 Lot: 14 A three section collapsible walking stick with brass handle A collection of assorted boxed and loose collectors cars to Estimate: £5.00 - £10.00 include Dinky, Matchbox, Lledo, Solido etc Estimate: £20.00 - £40.00 Lot: 4 A 20th century quarter section wooden walking stick with Lot: 15 bulbous handle, length 85cm A mixed lot of Oriental sundries to include coffee service, Estimate: £40.00 - £60.00 sundry ornaments, also a Caithness Prima Ballerina Sugar Plum paperweight no.Z54292, boxed etc Estimate: £10.00 - £20.00 Lot: 5 A Border Fine Arts figure of a golden retriever lying on a cushion, also a Royal Tudorware chintz pattern ginger jar, Lot: 16 Alfred Meakin Rosa pattern dish, floral decorated jug, Victorian L W Daniels; framed poster entitled 'Derbyshire', also, Kenneth cut glass celery vase etc Steel; advertising poster entitled 'Constable Country', these Estimate: £20.00 - £40.00 posters were displayed in the now closed railway museum 'Dinting Glossop' -
Cigarette Smoking-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches
Cigarette Smoking-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Tamer M. Abdelghany Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology The Ohio State University 2013 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Jay L. Zweier, MD, Advisor Dr. Arthur Strauch III, PhD Dr. Amal Amer, MD PhD Copyright by Tamer M. Abdelghany 2013 Abstract Cigarette smoking (CS) remains the single largest preventable cause of death. Worldwide, smoking causes more than five million deaths annually and, according to the current trends, smoking may cause up to 10 million annual deaths by 2030. In the U.S. alone, approximately half a million adults die from smoking-related illnesses each year which represents ~ 19% of all deaths in the U.S., and among them 50,000 are killed due to exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The crucial event of The CVD is the endothelial dysfunction (ED). Despite of the vast number of studies conducted to address this significant health problem, the exact mechanism by which CS induces ED is not fully understood. The ultimate goal of this thesis; therefore, is to study the mechanisms by which CS induces ED, aiming at the development of new therapeutic strategies that can be used in protection and/or reversal of CS-induced ED. In the first part of this study, we developed a well-characterized animal model for chronic secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) to study the onset and severity of the disease. -
Newsletter 49
CARLTON WARE NEWSLETTER #49 From Ian Harwood & Jerome Wilson June 2010 It has been quite a few months now since we published our last Newsletter and much has happened since then. On January 1 of this year, when we could see that we had a few days break in the winter weather, we hit the road south out of Calgary, on our way to Florida! We had a house rented for January 15, so we had 2 weeks to get there. Our plan was to drive south as fast as we could, to get below the snow belt, and then turn east and drive across the U.S.A., stopping here and there on the way – for antique shopping, of course! Our fast drive south, out of the winter weather, did not give us time for any shopping. Our first day’s drive got us out of Canada and into Montana and a stop for the night in Great Falls. The second day we crossed into Idaho and then into Utah and stopped for the second night in Ogden. The third day saw us drive south of the snow line in southern Utah, briefly cross into the top corner of Arizona and then into Nevada, where we stopped for a couple of days on the Las Vegas strip. You can always find a cheap, first class room in Vegas – just find an hotel that isn’t holding a convention and the best rooms can be had for as little as $45 a night. We stayed at Bally’s, right in the middle of it all. -
Marion Leatherdale Donation Name Description Catalogue Number Measurements Estimated Value Child Plate Image of Man with a Tray of Pies and a Young Boy
Leatherdale | 1 Marion Leatherdale Donation Name Description Catalogue Number Measurements Estimated Value Child plate Image of man with a tray of pies and a young boy. 2019-040-0003 Diameter: 20 cm “Simple Simon Met a Pieman” is printed in a banner above. The alphabet is printed around the raised edge. Child plate Image of a boy wearing a blue hat, jacket, pants, and 2019-040-0004 Diameter: 19.3 cm socks. He is holding a horn and sitting on a fence. There is a cow in the background. “Little Boy Blue” is printed underneath. The alphabet is printed around the raised edge. Baby plate Image of a man standing beside reeds with a mallard 2019-040-0005 Diameter: 19 cm duck on the other side. Underneath is “There was a Little Man.” The alphabet is printed around the raised edge. Baby plate Image of “Hey Diddle Diddle” nursery rhyme. There 2019-040-0006 Diameter: 17.5 cm is a cat playing a fiddle, a cow jumping over the moon, a dog laughing, and a dish running holding hands and running with a spoon. Royal Winton Grimwades, England stamp Baby plate Image of a bird shooting another bird in a tree with an 2019-040-0007 Diameter: 16.6 cm arrow. Both birds are wearing suits, ties, and hats. “Who killed cock robin? “I” said the sparrow” is printed on the bottom. James Kent Ltd. Made in England Stamp. Baby plate Image of a boy playing a bugle. Boy dressed in blue 2019-040-0008 Diameter: 19.9 cm jacket, pants, shoes, and hat. -
The Filter Fraud: Debunking the Myth of “Safer” As a Key New Strategy Of
THE FILTER FRAUD: DEBUNKING THE MYTH OF “SAFER” AS A KEY NEW STRATEGY OF TOBACCO CONTROL Alan Blum, MD, University of Alabama Center for the Study of Tobacco and Society, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA ([email protected]) Thomas E. Novotny, MD MPH, San Diego State University, Cigarette Butt Pollution Project, San Diego, CA, USA ([email protected]) Background Filters are a Health Hazard Although efforts have been made to eliminate the use of misleading • As with flavorings such as menthol, filters facilitate nicotine descriptors such as “low tar,” “lights,” and “mild” from cigarette addiction by making smoking less harsh and thus easier for marketing, the elimination of the cigarette filter, which is on 99.7% youth to start smoking. For existing smokers, the tobacco of cigarettes sold in United States, has been largely overlooked as a industry fostered consumer complacency and false security tobacco control strategy. The 2014 U.S. Surgeon General’s Report on about the implied protection that the filter could confer, the Health Consequences of Smoking and the 2001 U.S. National diminishing the urgency to quit smoking. Cancer Institute Monograph 13 report that the near-universal • Lung cancer risks among smokers have doubled for men and adoption by smokers of filtered cigarettes since their introduction in increased by almost 10 times for women from 1960-1980; the 1930s has not reduced these consumers’ risks for cancer and relative risks for and incidence of the more aggressive other diseases (1). Moreover, the non-biodegradable filter is the adenocarcinoma increased from 4.6 to19.0 among men and from main component of tobacco product waste in the environment. -
Cigarette Mainstream Smoke: the Evolution of Methods and Devices for Generation, Exposure and Collection * By
Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International Contributions to Tobacco Research Volume 27 @ No. 4 @ October 2016 DOI: 10.1515/cttr-2016-0015 Cigarette Mainstream Smoke: The Evolution of Methods and Devices for Generation, Exposure and Collection * by Hubert Klus 1, Barbara Boenke-Nimphius 2, and Lutz Müller 3 1 Oriongasse 9,3100 St. Pölten, Austria 2 Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International, Chausseestraße 51A, 10115 Berlin, Germany 3 Stralsunder Straße 1, 01109 Dresden, Germany SUMMARY (filters and traps) developed over time - some for very specific purposes - and refers to the perpetual problem of The objective of this review is to support tobacco scientists artifact formation by aging. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 27 when evaluating information published on smoking ma- (2016) 137–274] chines, and on cigarette mainstream smoke (in vivo and in vitro) exposure systems and collection devices. The intriguing development of smoking machines (mainly ZUSAMMENFASSUNG for cigarettes) is followed for more than 170 years - from the first simple set-ups in the 1840s to the sophisticated and Es ist die Intention dieser Übersicht, auf dem Gebiet des fully automated analytical smoking machines available Tabaks arbeitende Wissenschaftler zu unterstützen bei der today. Systems for the large-scale production of smoke Bewertung publizierter Informationen über Rauchmaschi- (condensate) for preparative work are equally considered. nen sowie über Systeme zur experimentellen Exposition (in The standardization of machine smoking methods and test vivo und in vitro) mit Zigarettenhauptstromrauch und pieces has solved several technical problems and produced Apparate zu dessen Sammlung. sensible rules but, at the same time, given rise to new Die sehr interessante Entwicklung von Rauchmaschinen controversies like the compatibility of artificial and human (vornehmlich für Zigaretten) wird über einen Zeitraum von smoking, and the implementation of more intense machine mehr als 170 Jahren nachgezeichnet - von den ersten ein- smoking regimes. -
Release of Carbon Granules from Cigarettes with Charcoal Filters
1997;6:33-4Q 33 Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tc.6.1.33 on 1 March 1997. Downloaded from Release of carbon granules from cigarettes with charcoal filters John L Pauly, Sharon J Stegmeier, Andrew G Mayer, Joel D Lesses, Richard J Streck Abstract Keywords: cigarette filter; charcoal; fibres; gas Objective~~-To inspect cigarettes with a Most (more than 95%) of cigarettes marketed triple granular filter for charcoal granules 1 5 on the cut filter surface and, if present, to today in the United States have filters. " We determine whether the charcoal granules believe that the smoker perceives the filter of a on the filter are released during smoking. cigarette to be both safe and efficient. Design—400 Lark cigarettes in 20 packs However, recent observations in our laboratory were examined individually by each of challenged this view. For example, we have observed the release of cellulose acetate fibres three investigators for the presence of 1 charcoal granules on the cut surface of the from cigarette filters.' These filter fibres were: cellulose acetate filter. Without removing (a) observed trapped between the cellophane the cigarettes from the pack, the filters wrapper and the unopened pack of cigarettes; were examined with a stereo zoom micro- (b) present in the residue at the bottom of scope for charcoal granules. The percent- packs; (c) discharged from the filter when ciga- age of cigarettes that had charcoal rettes were tapped from a height of 3.5 cm or granules was defined, and charcoal dropped from 15 cm; (d) liberated when the granules on each filter were counted. -
European Ceramics, Doulton and Beswick, Decorative Arts, Oriental Ceramics and Ivories, Glass Wares Tuesday 01 November 2011 12:00
European Ceramics, Doulton and Beswick, Decorative Arts, Oriental Ceramics and Ivories, Glass Wares Tuesday 01 November 2011 12:00 Capes Dunn & Co Capes Dunn & Co 38 Charles Street Manchester M1 7DB Capes Dunn & Co (European Ceramics, Doulton and Beswick, Decorative Arts, Oriental Ceramics and Ivories, Glass Wares ) Catalogue - Downloaded from UKAuctioneers.com Lot: 1 Lot: 6 STEPHAN DEFON SMALL WILEMAN & CO., (The GOLDSCHEIDER, AUSTRIAN Foley China) 'INTARSIO' POTTERY FEMALE FIGURES, POTTERY SQUAT TWO 'Sitzende Lesende Junge Dame HANDLED VASE, decorated with (auf Buchersockel)', depicted encircling border of fish, with reading a book seated on, two scallop shells and wave pattern, large books, signed 'Dakon', 8" containing the aquatic theme, high impressed number 7561F, design registration No. 330286, circa 1936 pattern No. 3035, 3 1/4" high Estimate: £80.00 - £120.00 (one handle repaired) Estimate: £70.00 - £90.00 Lot: 2 STEPHAN DAKON Lot: 7 GOLDSCHEIDER, AUSTRIAN TWO IDENTICAL CLARICE POTTERY FEMALE FIGURE CLIFF (NEWPORT POTTERY) 'Sitzendes Madchen mit Buch 'CELTIC HARVEST' PATTERN (auf Bucherregal/Sockel)' MOULDED JUGS, with depicted seated with legs polychromed handles and crossed and book on her lap, pouring lips, 11 1/4" high (one seated on a low bookcase, 9 1/2" with damaged and repaired foot) high, impressed number 7226, Estimate: £100.00 - £150.00 circa 1935 (af) Estimate: £40.00 - £60.00 Lot: 8 A.G. RICHARDSON & CO, Lot: 3 CROWN DUCAL WARE STEPHAN DAKON CHARLOTTE RHEAD GOLDSCHEIDER, AUSTRIAN DESIGNED WALL PLAQUE, POTTERY FEMALE -
Filter Presence and Tipping Paper Color Influence Consumer Perceptions of Cigarettes Richard J
O’Connor et al. BMC Public Health (2015) 15:1279 DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-2643-z RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Filter presence and tipping paper color influence consumer perceptions of cigarettes Richard J. O’Connor1*, Maansi Bansal-Travers1, K. Michael Cummings2, David Hammond3, James F. Thrasher4 and Cindy Tworek5 Abstract Background: Cigarettes are marketed in a wide array of packaging and product configurations, and these may impact consumers’ perceptions of product health effects and attractiveness. Filtered cigarettes are typically perceived as less hazardous and white tipping paper (as opposed to cork) often conveys ‘lightness’. Methods: This study examined cigarette-related perceptions among 1220 young adult (age 18-35) current, ever, and never smokers recruited from three eastern U.S. cities (Buffalo NY, Columbia SC, Morgantown WV). Participants rated three cigarette sticks: two filtered cigarettes 85 mm in length, differing only in tipping paper color (cork versus white), and an unfiltered 70 mm cigarette. Results: Overall, the cork-tipped cigarette was most commonly selected on taste and attractiveness, the white-tipped on least dangerous, and the unfiltered on most dangerous. Current smokers were more likely to select white-tipped (OR = 1.98) and cork-tipped (OR = 3.42) cigarettes, while ever smokers more commonly selected the cork-tipped (OR = 1.96), as most willing to try over the other products. Those willing to try the filtered white-tipped cigarette were more likely to have rated that cigarette as best tasting (OR = 11.10), attracting attention (OR = 17.91), and lowest health risk (OR = 1.94). Similarly, those willing to try cork tipped or unfiltered cigarettes rated those as best testing, attracting attention, and lowest health risk, respectively. -
Nicotine & Tobacco Research
This article was downloaded by:[Canadian Research Knowledge Network] On: 7 February 2008 Access Details: [subscription number 770885181] Publisher: Informa Healthcare Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Nicotine & Tobacco Research Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713439766 Digital image analysis of cigarette filter staining to estimate smoke exposure Richard J. O'Connor a; Lynn T. Kozlowski b; David Hammond c; Tammy T. Vance a; Joseph P. Stitt d; K. Michael Cummings a a Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY b Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA c Department of Health Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada d Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Online Publication Date: 01 August 2007 To cite this Article: O'Connor, Richard J., Kozlowski, Lynn T., Hammond, David, Vance, Tammy T., Stitt, Joseph P. and Cummings, K. Michael (2007) 'Digital image analysis of cigarette filter staining to estimate smoke exposure', Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 9:8, 865 - 871 To link to this article: DOI: 10.1080/14622200701485026 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14622200701485026 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article maybe used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.