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Nipigon Bay Remedial ~ Ction Plan

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Nipigon Bay Remedial ~ Ction Plan . : '1 ,. ,Nipigon Bay Remedial ~ctionPlan . 'I... stage 2: ~emedialstrategies. for' '. ... Ecosystem Restoration . i I October 1995 , I (reprinted Februaty 1996 with Implementation Annex) Prepared by: Nipigon Bay Remedial Action Plan Team with assistance from: Nipigod Bay kblic. Advisory Cdimk , ' . " . ' ' . > NIPIGON BAY . NORTH SHORE . OF LAKE SUPERIOR ' I : REMEDIAL ACTION PLANS . ~ . 1''', . , . I '1 . 1.:. .... I The N~pigonBay Stage 2 document was prepared by the North Shore of Lake Superior RAP Team Members of the RAP Teams and their affiliations are: Ken Cullis (coordinator, Mipigon Bay) Ontario Ministry of ~aturalResources, Lake Superi~rManagement Unit . Jim Murphy (Coordinator. ~ackfishBay) : Ontario Ministry of ~nvironmentand , ' . Energy..Nolthem Region Jake Vander Wal (Coordinator, Thunder Ontario Ministry of Environment and . .. Bay and Peninsula. ~ Harbour) EnergylEnvironment Canada . John deBakker Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy John Kelso Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans Linda Melnyk-Ferguson . Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. ' . Nipigon District . Ian Smith Ontario Ministry of Environment and . Energy Patrick Morash Lake superior Programs The RAP Teams would like to thank the North Shore Public Advisory Committees (PACs) for their assistance in preparing this document. Nipigon Bay PAC members are as follows: . ~ike~outilier Betty Brill - .. Rob Clark Ontario Hydro Public Domtar Packaging . avid Crawford Maureen Dampier William Heitanen Nipigon River Waterfront . Nipigon Tourism Public 'Development and Nipigon Chamber of Commerce Red Rock Indian Band - . avid 'Nuttall. ' Ll'oyd Roy Joe Procunier Kama Point Cam,pe?s Public ' , Red Rock Fish and Game Association Club ' Doug Mowat Tom Murphy ' Bruce piitchaid Township of Red Rock Public Municipal Economic . Development Agency PAC members provtded invaluable assistance in investigating and evaluating remedial options. They developed Water Use Goals which laid the foundation for choosing remedial options and provided suggestions on how to achieve these Goals. Through the PAC, the RAP Team is better able to prov~deand implement a Remed~alAction Plan that fulfils the goals and expectations of the community. The work of PAC facilitators, whose involvement is crucial to the RAP process. is also recognized: . Cindy Tulk Todd Hurdon Special thanks to JimRusak (Northshore of Lake supen& Remedial AUionPlans), the primaw architect of this document. ... ... ,.. i.: . ... This report has beeri,prepared under'the airspies of the ~anada-Ontario~rbat . I Lakes Remedial Action Plan Program. Financial support for the preparation of this . ., report was provided by the Ontario Ministry of Environmerit.and Energy, the Ontario . , ' Ministry of Natural Resources,. the. Department of Fisheries-andOceans, and . ' .I .. Environment.Canada: . I . :' . EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...:..... :...:. : ......... .:. .: 1 ......: .................... i ... introduction .................... ., ...; . .#.. .:.. .... :.... 1.. .........:...... .i 1. :The Nipigon.Bay Ecosystem .... , . : ....1. :. ;.. ......... .: ........:... iii Nipigon Bay Impairments and Goals: ... .,.......... : . ; ......; ............ iii . Remedial Strategies for Ecosystem Restoration :.- .......... I . .'-.. ;.. .... : . iv I:O INTRODUCTION .......... .-: .............................. ................ 1 1.1 Stages of ttie Plan . .;.. : ..... ... .' .. .:.............. : ...: ........ 1 . 1.2 PAC lnvolve,ment ... ..............i :..... .:. .... ; . ;......... ; ........... 2 . ; .: . 2.0 THE NIPIGON BAY ECOSYSTEM .:..... ; .......................................1 4 I. .. 2.i.:Physical'~eatures .... ..; . .'. : ........................, ...... ; . :. .........4 . .. 2.2 Biol~gicalFeatures ..............................I :. '......... ..: .. :', 6 . , ... 2.3 Socioeconomic Profile ..: . ; ........ : ...: .............. :............. 9 2.4 Sources of Pollution ........................ I . ;. .....:............ .:. .... 10 .. 3.0NlPlGON BAY IMPAlRMENTSANDGOALS. .d.:. ; ::. ., ........................ 12 3.1 Nipigon Bay.lmpairments' .....: : ....:............., , , ..........:..... 12 .. 3.2 Nipigon Bay PAC Water-Use Goals ........... , ....................... 17 .. ... : : 4.0 REMEDIAL STRATEGIES FOR ECOSYSTEM~RESTORATION...... : ......... 24 .. '4.1 Fish and Wildlife Population ~~namid~and~abitat Loss ...: .. ;.:. , . : 27 ... 4.2 Benthic population Dynamics:and Habitat Loss . : ...: ........ : ........ 40 ... ... 4.3 Aesthetics ................. :.. ........................................ 46 4 . '4.4 Education and Stewardship ...; .........................................50 I .. , 4.5 Future .Concerns ......... : ................... ... .:. ...:.. ...; ........ 55 . ... REFERENCES ...................:. ..:... .-.I. ........ ;. ..................... 56'.. .. .I. APPENDICES ............................................................ ; ....1 60 ..IMPLEMENTATION ANNEX .:......... ;....... : .......... : ..................... 92 ... LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES . ... Table. A.GtWQA, A comparison in Nipigon of "im&irme"tsBay (impaired of =.I, beneficial not impaired uses",. = asNI, definedrequires by'thi. further , . assessment = RFA). ........... .': ................................... Figure I. TheNipigo"B.y Area Of Concern. AOC sediment sampling areas .I , are indicated by' lightly-shaded'ellipses. ...... : ........................... able 1'; The definition and current status of problem areas through an. integration of use-impairments with PAC water use goals. ........ i ... 1 .. Table 2. A summary of remedial actions required to restore fish and.wildlife habitat and population dynamics with.associated criteria for targets; .. timetables, monitoring; and proponent involvement.' ;..................... Table 3. A summary of remedial actions required to restore benthic habitat,and population dynamics with associated'criteria for targets, timetables, I monitoring and proponent involvement. .................. : : ..; .... : ....... Table4. A summary of remedial actions required to restore aesthetics with. associated criteria for targets, timetables, monitoring and proponent I involvement. ............................... :. ... ;. .................... Table 5. A summary of remedial actions required to enhance education and : encourage stewardship with associated criteria for targets, timetables, . I monitoring and proponent involvement. :.. :. ; ..:........ : ............ : ... LIST OF APPENDICES . ' '. ... I . ~ Appendix 1.. ~i'~i~on:~a~RAP activities from September 1991 - May 1995. ...... Appendix 2A. Fauna of the Nipigon Bay AOC- Birds. ..................: ......... Appendix 2B. Fauna of the Nipigon Bay AOC -~'erpetiles(~m~hibiansand: ' : . Reptiles) ......... : .......... ;......................................... Appendix 2C. Fauna of the Nipigon Bay AOC - Mammals. ..................... Appendix 2D. Fauna of the Nipigon Bay AOC - Fish. .............................. Appendix. 2E. Flora of the ~ipi'gonBay A0.C and the corresponding habitats in ' , which they are commonly found. : .... : .................................. Appendix 3. A Stage 2 summary of GLWQA u~e~impairments.. Impaired stafus is defined as impaired (I), not impaired (NI).or requires further'. .. I .: assessment (RFA). .................................................... : Appendix.4: A'collection of factsheets detailing the rationale and data,used to remove impairments of beneficial uses in the Nipigon Bay AQC. .......: .. Appendix 5. A chronological summaryof accomplishments by fiscal year (*complete). ............................ , ..................... : ......... ~ppendix'6.Summary of the Nipigon ~iverWater ~anagementPlan preferred option. .:.. I .................. ;.: ....../ ....................: ....; ......,. .. Appendix 7. Dry weight sediment data from 1.988 and 1991 samples (Kirby ... unpublished data). Surface values are the range for 6 samples. Core. data are the mean of 2 samples taken fidm 28.1 - 30.0:cm below sediment surface. ..... 1.: .:. : ........:. j. :... : :.... ; ................... Appendix 8. Organic and total mercury levels in' surficial (< 10 cm) sediments adjacent to the omt tar outfal! (Murphy unpublished data). ........ ..: .....: Appendix 9: Sediment PCB congener resui'ts (ngg dry wt.) for the area . ,- immediatelyadjaceht'to the Domtar mill obtfall.(~ur'~h~unpublished 'data). The PSQG for total PCB is 70 nglg.' ....: ...... : .................. Appendix 10. Background levels of metals in sediments ofthe Great ~akes (from PSQG, MOEE 1993). Values are measured as dry weights and are, . based-on analyses of Great Lakes preco~bnia~sediment horizon. ........... EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . Introduction As a direct result of the Canada - U.S. Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement of 1978 and its 1987 revisions (GLWQA), participating federal, state and provincial agencies, in cooperation with the International Joint Commission (IJC), identified 43 polluted areas on the Great Lakes as individual Areas of Concern (AOCs), for which a cleanup or Remedial Action Plan (RAP) was required. Seventeen AOCs are in Ontario, and four are located on the north shore of Lake Superior. Nipigon Bay is the lake's most northerly AOC. The Stage 2 document Remedial Strategies for Ecosystem Restoration, building on the remedial actions selected in the Discussion of Remedial Options in the Nipigon Bay AOC, outlines stakeholder commitments and implementation timetables necessary to restore the impaired beneficial uses identified in Stage 1 Environmental
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