Sustainability in Engineering Design and Construction
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Sustainability in Engineering Design and Construction Sustainability in Engineering Design and Construction J. K. Yates Daniel Castro-Lacouture Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20150527 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-3392-2 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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Dr. Castro-Lacouture dedicates this book to his wife Paula and his children Eva, Matias, and Camilo. Contents Preface....................................................................................................................................xix Acknowledgments...............................................................................................................xxiii Authors....................................................................................................................................xxv Chapter 1 Introduction ..........................................................................................1 1.1 Importance of Understanding Sustainability in Engineering Design and Construction Operations ....................1 1.2 Sustainable Development ..........................................................2 1.3 Corporate Social Responsibility ................................................2 1.4 Triple Bottom Line ....................................................................3 1.5 Sustainability in Engineering and Construction Operations .....3 1.6 Implementing Sustainable Practices during Engineering and Construction Projects..........................................................5 1.7 Definitions .................................................................................6 1.7.1 Sustainability and Industrial Sustainability .................6 1.7.2 Sustainable Development .............................................6 1.7.3 Corporate Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility ...............................................................7 1.7.4 Sustainable Construction and Green Building .............8 1.7.5 Supply Chain Management and Integrated Chain Management .................................................................9 1.7.6 Environmental Collaborations .....................................9 1.7.7 Sustainability Stakeholders ........................................ 10 1.7.8 Industrial Ecology ...................................................... 10 1.7.9 Pollution Prevention ................................................... 10 1.7.10 Environmental Management ...................................... 11 1.7.11 Energy Auditing ......................................................... 11 1.7.12 Embodied Energy ....................................................... 11 1.7.13 Eutrophication and Acidification ............................... 11 1.7.14 Other Terms Related to Sustainable Development .....12 1.8 Sustainability Research in Engineering Design and Construction Operations .......................................................... 13 1.9 Organization of This Book ...................................................... 17 1.10 Summary ................................................................................. 18 1.11 Key Terms................................................................................ 19 1.12 Discussion Questions ............................................................... 19 References ..........................................................................................20 vii viii Contents Chapter 2 Sources of Information on Sustainability Requirements ...................23 2.1 Sustainability Requirements ....................................................23 2.2 Early Adopters of Government Sustainability Objectives ......24 2.3 Drivers for Implementing Sustainable Development Practices...................................................................................25 2.4 Barriers to Implementing Sustainable Practices and Liability Issues.........................................................................26 2.4.1 Liabilities Related to Designing and Constructing a LEED-Certified Building ..................27 2.5 Sustainability in the Building Sector ......................................28 2.6 Sustainability in the Construction Sector ................................29 2.7 Pollution and Waste Management ........................................... 31 2.8 Global Environmental Treaties ................................................ 31 2.9 Foreign Government Environmental Regulations ...................32 2.10 Domestic Environmental Regulations ..................................... 33 2.11 Summary ................................................................................. 33 2.12 Key Terms................................................................................ 33 2.13 Discussion Questions ...............................................................34 References ..........................................................................................34 Chapter 3 Sustainability Issues in the Engineering and Construction Industry ... 37 3.1 Obstacles to the Implementation of Sustainable Development Practices ............................................................37 3.2 Sustainability Global Reporting Initiatives .............................39 3.2.1 Global Reporting Profiles ...........................................42 3.2.2 Corporate Structure Governance ...............................42 3.2.3 Contents of Global Sustainability Reports .................42 3.2.4 Core Sustainability Indicators .................................... 43 3.2.5 Social Performance Indicators ...................................44 3.3 Social and Community Impacts of Construction Projects ......44 3.3.1 Calculating the Loss of Productivity Due to Adjacent Construction Projects ..................................46 3.3.2 Calculating the Impact on Project Values ..................46 3.3.3 Calculating User Delay Costs .....................................46 3.3.4 Calculating Average Traffic Delay Costs ................... 47 3.4 Global Impacts Caused by Construction Projects ................... 47 3.4.1 Noise and Particulate Pollution Impacts ....................49 3.4.2 Ecosystem Encroachment ..........................................49 3.4.3 Use of Unauthorized Landfills ...................................49 3.4.4 Environmental Impacts of Construction Operations .50 3.4.5 Construction Waste Generation ..................................50 3.4.6 Producing Lower Levels of Waste.............................. 52 3.5 Responsible Supply Chains and Procurement Practices ......... 55 3.5.1 Supply Chain Management ........................................ 55 Contents ix 3.6 Resource Efficiency: Reducing Energy Consumption During Construction ................................................................56 3.7 Renewable Energy ...................................................................58 3.8 Mining, Metals, and Minerals Industry ..................................59 3.9 Oil and Gas Industry ...............................................................60 3.10 Summary ................................................................................