Integrated Risk Management Plan Update Community Safety Committee

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Integrated Risk Management Plan Update Community Safety Committee OFFICIAL Integrated Risk Management Plan Update Community Safety Committee Date: 22 July 2016 Agenda Item: Submitted By: Director of Service Support 5 Purpose To update Members on progress against the wide range of initiatives approved as part of the current Integrated Risk Management Plan (IRMP) Recommendations That Members note the progress made in implementing the approved IRMP initiatives. Summary This report provides Members with the very latest information on the progress of each project. Due to the number of new Members sitting on the Authority this year, it is felt appropriate to repeat some of the background information supplied previously. During 2011 and 2012, following extensive public consultation and negotiation, the Authority approved several proposals as part of its Integrated Risk Management Plan. The proposals are a fundamental part of how the Authority is responding to reductions in funding and the reducing levels of risk and demand across West Yorkshire. The report provides Members with details of progress against each IRMP initiative approved since 2011 which will deliver significant annual savings. The report also highlights the scale of the changes currently being developed and implemented. Local Government (Access to information) Act 1972 Exemption Category: None Contact Officer: GM M Langan – Strategic Development Team Background papers open to inspection: None Annexes: Annex A – Summary table of IRMP initiatives Annex B - Summary of establishment changes Annex C – Glossary of Terms 9 1 Introduction 1.1 West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Authority (WYFRA) has utilised its Integrated Risk Management Planning (IRMP) process to deliver more efficient, effective services for a number of years. In recent years the focus has been on delivering major efficiencies and limiting any negative impact on community and firefighter safety. 1.2 A comprehensive review of emergency cover was commenced in 2011, with the first phase of the review forming a series of proposals which, following extensive public consultation, were approved by WYFRA in December 2011. Prior to this, in June 2011, some other changes had been approved by the Authority, changing duty systems and certain types of fire appliances. The second phase of the emergency cover review was completed in 2012 and, in December of that year, again following extensive public consultation, the Authority approved a further set of proposals. 1.3 In September 2012, the Authority approved the procurement of a fifth Combined Aerial Rescue Pump (CARP) for Leeds Fire Station, completing the transition from Aerial Ladder Platforms to CARPs across West Yorkshire. In October 2014 the Authority approved revised proposals for Rawdon and Otley following difficulties identifying suitable land for a new fire station at Menston. These revised proposals will see Rawdon and Otley fire stations remaining open. Rawdon will operate the Wholetime Day Crewing duty system to deliver similar levels of efficiencies as the original proposal. 1.4 In December 2015 the Fire and Rescue Authority was provided with a detailed report on the current progress of IRMP implementation with a look to the future. A further update was provided for the Community Safety Committee in April 2016. This report now provides the Community Safety Committee with information on the current position. 2 Information 2.1 All approved IRMP proposals are established as formal projects using the Authority’s Project Management Framework. The overall programme is monitored by the Change Management Board, chaired by the Chief Fire Officer. The Establishment Planning Group (chaired by Director of Service Support) and the Capital Programme Monitoring Group (chaired by Chief Finance and Procurement Officer) support the Change Management Board in ensuring resources are in place to deliver the changes. 2.2 The planning and procurement elements for the projects can be lengthy and complex, being subject to significant uncertainty and challenges outside the control of the Authority mainly due to the involvement of third parties including local authority planning officers. Information on the progress of each of the approved initiatives is provided in a summary table (Annex A). 3 Financial Implications 3.1 Details of the financial efficiencies have been supplied to Members on a number of occasions, most recently at the April 2016 Community Safety Committee. In summary the current approvals will deliver on-going salary savings of almost £14.0m once fully implemented. 3.2 As part of the process the Authority will close 15 of its existing stations and build 7 new stations, a replacement fire station has been built on the existing Rothwell site. A full refurbishment has been completed at Castleford Fire Station along with the construction of close call facilities. It is anticipated that this programme will deliver significant savings to station running costs. 3.3 In order to deliver these savings almost £27m in capital investment will be required. The Authority has already received a grant of £11.25m from central government towards this investment. In addition, the Authority received a further £3.5m which was allocated based on population, providing total grant income of £14.7m. Once the schemes are completed they will release spare 10 land which will be used to generate capital receipts which will be used to further offset the building costs. 3.4 There is no doubt that the Authority will have to borrow to fund a significant proportion of the building costs, however the capital grants, capital receipts from sale of surplus land and current positive cash flow will limit the amount of new borrowing in 2016/2017. 3.5 Tight control of expenditure on individual project budgets is exercised through the programme management structure and whilst there remain a number of financial risks to individual projects, for example the cost of street works procured by local authorities (where the Authority has little control), the overall programme remains within approved expenditure levels. 4 Equality and Diversity Implications 4.1 Detailed information on the changes to establishment has been previously supplied to Members on a number of occasions. In summary, the IRMP initiatives in this report result in reductions of 369 wholetime firefighter posts and 42 Retained firefighter posts. The introduction of IRMP initiatives is however, where possible, planned to align to the leaver/retirement profile, ensuring service delivery is not adversely affected and compulsory redundancies are all but eliminated. Details of the equality and diversity implications arising from these initiatives were reported at the time of approval and again at the Fire and Rescue Authority meeting in December 2014. Equality and diversity will be considered and monitored throughout the development, implementation and evaluation of each individual project. 5 Health and Safety Implications 5.1 Details of the health and safety implications arising from these initiatives were reported at the time of approval and again at the Fire and Rescue Authority meeting in December 2014. Health and safety will be considered and monitored throughout the development, implementation and evaluation of each individual project. 6 Service Plan Links 6.1 IRMP initiatives help to support the four strategic priorities set out in the Service Plan. These are: Deliver a proactive fire prevention and protection programme Deliver a professional and resilient emergency response service Provide a safe and competent workforce Provide effective and ethical governance and achieve value for money in managing resources. 6.2 The Authority’s 2016/17 IRMP Action Plan includes specific objectives to implement several of the initiatives contained in this report. 7 Conclusions 7.1 There continues to be good progress in implementing a programme of major change, delivering efficiencies, matching resources to risk and demand and limiting the impact of reductions in funding. Whilst there have been and continue to be challenges in identifying and procuring land and obtaining planning consent to build new fire stations, the flexibility in the programme ensures that service delivery is not adversely affected, delivering the best possible service within the Authority’s budgetary constraints. After some early delays the programme is now progressing well, remains within the approved budgets and in many cases is ahead of schedule. 11 Annex A Project Old Site F&R Committee / Status Information FA Approval Date Dual crew a fire Completed Dual crewing the High Volume Pump at Stanningley has worked well with no adverse impact on appliance and a April 2012 the community. June 2011 specialist appliance at Stanningley fire station. Remove one of the two Completed Silsden remains a very low risk area. The single remaining appliance attended just 82 incidents in fire appliances from June 2011 April 2012 13/14 Silsden fire station Replace one of the two Completed The FRU has been relocated to Stanningley fire station in line with current risk analysis and fire appliances at July 2012 operational activity for Leeds District. It is proving to be an effective response to lower priority Moortown fire station June 2011 calls, including small fires, ensuring that front line fire engines are available for more serious with a Fire Response incidents, training and community safety activity. Unit (FRU) Change the whole-time Completed The Day Crew Close Call crewing system has been successfully implemented, delivering the duty system at October required
Recommended publications
  • The Yorkshire Association of Change Ringers
    The Yorkshire Association of Change Ringers Newsletter Autumn 2014 Issue Number 15 2015 Dates for your diary 7 February General Meeting, Leeds & District Branch 27 to 29 March The Harrogate Residential or 10 to 12 April Ringing Course 9 May AGM and Inter-Branch Striking Contest, Scarborough Branch 17 to 19 July The Storthes Hall Park Residential Ringing Course, Kirkburton 19 September General Meeting and Final of Sunday Service Bands Striking Contest, Sheffield & District Branch Also in September The White Rose Shield Striking Contest for 12-Bell Bands. In November The Snowdon Dinner Additionally, the Beverley & District Society is hosting the 2015 Central Council Meeting in Hull, 23 to 25 May. In 2015, in addition to the two residential Courses, the Education Committee plans to hold a Ringing Up & Down in Peal Course, a Tower Maintenance Course, a Conducting Course, a Handbells for Beginners Course and a Tune Ringing on Handbells Course. It also plans to hold a Course on Leadership in Ringing, with the intention of attracting younger ringers. 2 Yorkshire Association Newsletter Autumn 2014 EDITORIAL In the last edition about a year ago I said that we hoped the Newsletter might join the 21st Century in its presentation to members. This was discussed by the Association’s Standing Sub-Committee in February when it was decided that the Newsletter should continue in a paper format (as well as being on-line) so all members could readily browse through it at tower ringing. So this is what I’ve actioned. Holly Webster of York, originally from Easingwold, has very kindly filled the breach left by Jean Doman and has dealt with the layout and the new printing firm.
    [Show full text]
  • „Kolíska“ Šťastia Sagan Skončil!
    Piatok 9. 7. 2021 75. ročník • číslo 156 cena 0,90 pre predplatiteľov 0,70 App Store pre iPad a iPhone / Google Play pre Android Sagan skončil! Černák píše Hokejista Tampy Bay je prvý Slovák, históriu ktorý obhájil Stanleyho pohár Strana 22 Strany 20 a 21 Peter Sagan odstúpil z Tour de France. Cyklista tímu Bora-hansgrohe skončil pre zhoršujúce sa zranenie kolena, ktoré utrpel po páde v závere 3. etapy. Neustále musel byť pod dohľadom lekára. FOTO BORA-HANSGROHE Strany 3 – 7 „Kolíska“ šťastia Anglicko zdolalo v semifinále ME Dánsko 2:1 po predĺžení. Hráči z kolísky futbalu si prvý raz zahrajú o cennú trofej na kontinentálnom šampionáte. V nedeľu nastúpia proti Taliansku. FOTO TASR/AP FOTO INSTAGRM (eč) Prvý zápas 1. predkola Konferenčnej ligy: MŠK Žilina – FC Dila Gori 5:1 (2:0) 2 NÁZORY piatok 9. 7. 2021 PRIAMA REČ MARTINA PETRÁŠA Zaslúžené finálové obsadenie Finále európskeho šampionátu obsta- futbalistom, ktorí sa stotožnili s jeho filo- „ O trofej zabojujú dva tímy, ktoré že palce držím Taliansku, kde som nielen rajú Taliansko a Anglicko. Absolútne za- zofiou. Mužstvo predvádza fantastický hrával, ale stále tam trávim veľkú časť slúžene. O trofej zabojujú dva tímy, ktoré futbal v duchu moderných trendov. Hráči na turnaji predvádzajú najlepší futbal. svojho života. V krajine vládla podobná na turnaji predvádzajú najlepší futbal. Ve- majú okrem fyzického fondu aj kvalitu eufória naposledy v roku 2006, keď sa dú ich tréneri, ktorí dokázali zmeniť dl- a pritom Taliansko nič nestratilo zo svojej na tých istých postoch ako v národnom tí- reth Southgate rovnako ako jeho náproti- stali majstrami sveta.
    [Show full text]
  • Tour De Yorkshire
    Gough&Kelly Case study Tour de Yorkshire The customer Following the successful Tour de France stage start York hosted a 20km circuit around the city centre, which in York in 2014, City of York Council was selected as cyclists completed 2½ times, ending at a picturesque finish ocial host city for the Tour de Yorkshire stage two line near York Racecourse. Over 400,000 spectators were finish on Saturday 2nd May 2015 (during the Bank expected along the route in York, with the entire event Holiday weekend). televised live. The challenge To provide a security, response and stewarding team of over 300 personnel to eect over 50 road closures, to look after the safety of spectators, cycle teams and VIPS throughout the event, which left many residents land-locked for over eight hours over a Bank Holiday weekend. Gough&Kelly Railsfield Mount, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS13 3AX www.gough-kelly.co.uk Call: 0844 880 7100 Email: [email protected] Gough&Kelly Case study Tour de Yorkshire The solution G&K worked hard with the event safety team to devise a plan All aspects of the event were discussed in detail with various groups, and put procedures in place. We ensured that everyone including the Emergency Planning Team, Police, Ambulance and coming to the event could enjoy the experience in complete directors of City of York Council to ensure that responsibilities were safety, and that any issues were dealt with eciently. coordinated and understood, and that there was complete confidence within the team. We also produced a comprehensive handbook to ensure that everyone was fully aware of their responsibilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Leeds Action Plan 2015-16
    LEEDS DISTRICT ACTION PLAN 2015 – 2016 DELIVER A PROACTIVE COMMUNITY SAFETY PROGRAMME We will: Our action: Ensure the authority’s statutory fire protection duties are discharged efficiently and Carry out the planned 2,135 Operational Risk Visits in line with the WYFRS’ Risk Based Inspection Programme effectively in order to reduce the risk of fire and the effects of fire should it occur Target high rise, residential care, multiple occupancy, properties as part of the Operational Risk Visit programme Assist Leeds District in undertaking Operational Risk Visits at sites with specific risks including timber framed buildings Work with partners to reduce the risk of fires, road traffic incidents, other Deliver a point’s total of 108,600 by carrying out Home Fire Safety Checks (HFSCs) across the district, targeting the most emergencies and enhance community well-being vulnerable members of the community Deliver a targeted and planned Home Fire Safety Check Integrated Risk Management Programme (IRMP) in Gipton and Stanks station area Develop strategic working relationships with Leeds Adult Social Care and Leeds and York NHS Foundation Trust through the secondment of Watch Manager Bs (WMBs) into those organisations Continue to work with Leeds City Council Housing Standards team to target private rented accommodation within Leeds to deliver Home Fire Safety Checks and raise housing standards Strengthen links with Leeds Dementia Alliance and implement interventions to manage fire related hazards Deliver planned campaigns throughout the year including Chief Fire Officers Association (CFOA) Water Safety and Drowning Prevention week (April), CFOA Road Safety Week (May), Gipton Safety Rangers (July), CFOA Older Persons Week (October) and BRAKE Road Safety Week (November).
    [Show full text]
  • Wakefield Cathedral: Nave and Quire Roof Repairs (1 of 3 Projects Funded) Awarded £220,000 in November 2014
    Wakefield Cathedral: Nave and Quire Roof Repairs (1 of 3 projects funded) Awarded £220,000 in November 2014 The need The lead roofs of the nave and quire, installed around 1933, were leaking. The 2013 Quinquennial Inspection had highlighted a significant number of splits in the leadwork. Their condition worsened significantly over the winter of 2013-2014. Very cold weather before Christmas meant the leadwork became even more brittle and cracked further. This was then followed by the wettest period of weather over a 6- to 8-week period anybody could remember. The result was significant water penetration through the roof coverings, particularly the nave roof, necessitating buckets to collect drips within the nave, where new Work in progress on the nave roof. Photo credit: Wakefield lighting, floor and redecoration had recently been Cathedral. carried out as part of a £3 million project supported by the Heritage Lottery Fund. Emergency patching works with flashband were undertaken, during which far more splits in the lead were discovered than had been identified only a few months previously. The roof coverings needed urgent replacement if the mediaeval timber ceilings in the quire and roof bosses in the nave were not to be put at immediate risk of damage and loss. The failure of the roof coverings over such a short period of time was assessed as the most significant risk to the Cathedral’s historic fabric at the time of application. Outcomes The mediaeval timber ceilings in the quire and roof bosses in the nave are no longer at risk. Water can no longer penetrate so the new lighting, flooring and decoration are no longer threatened.
    [Show full text]
  • Reported Road Casualties in North Yorkshire: Annual Report 2015
    Reported Road Casualties in North Yorkshire: Annual Report 2015 Report published: September 2016 Version 1 Reported Road Casualties in North Yorkshire: Annual Report 2015 Highways and Transportation County Hall North Yorkshire County Council Northallerton North Yorkshire DL7 8AH This publication may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium for non-commercial research, private study or internal circulation within an organisation. This is subject to it being reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged and the title of the document/publication specified. This publication can also be accessed at the Roadwise website. For any other use of this material please contact [email protected] Prepared for publication by: Paula Dea Honor Byford Darren Griffiths Allan McVeigh Acknowledgement The partnership extends its grateful thanks to North Yorkshire Police and their officers for their contribution towards reducing road casualties, including the collection of STATS 19 data upon which this publication is based, and without which the partnership and road safety organisation would be much less well informed. Reported road casualties in North Yorkshire: Annual Report 2015 Contact us – [email protected] 01609 532846 2 Reported Road Casualties in North Yorkshire: Annual Report 2015 Reported road casualties in North Yorkshire: Annual Report 2015 Contact us – [email protected] 01609 532846 3 Reported Road Casualties in North Yorkshire: Annual Report 2015 Reported
    [Show full text]
  • Sport Floats on a Sea of High-Carbon Sponsorship
    Finding pathways for rapid transition to a fair economy that thrives within planetary ecological boundaries. www.newweather.org The mission of KR Foundation is to address the root causes of climate change and environmental degradation. www.krfnd.org Evidence based hope for fair climate action at the speed and scale the world needs www.rapidtransition.org Possible is a UK based climate charity working towards a zero carbon society, built by and for the people of the UK. www.wearepossible.org 2 This paper was first published in March 2021. Permission to share This document is published under a creative commons licence: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 UK http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/uk/ 3 About the authors Emilie Tricarico is a researcher and writer into social and ecological transitions and is cofounder of SEEKonomics. @EmilieTricarico www.seekonomics.co.uk Andrew Simms is co-director of the New Weather Institute, coordinator of the Rapid Transition Alliance, author of several books on new and green economics and co-author of the original Green New Deal (he’s also a keen member of his local running club). @AndrewSimms_uk www.newweather.org 4 Contents 1. Introduction and summary: Sport floats on a sea of 6 high-carbon sponsorship 2. Why does high-carbon advertising and sponsorship 13 matter? a. Fossil fuel emissions 13 b. Clean air and health 19 c. The impact of climatic upheaval on sport 21 d. Sports’ contribution to climate change 23 3. Normalising polluting lifestyles: how sport 24 sets social norms and why it matters a.
    [Show full text]
  • Education Pack
    EDUCATION PACK VIRTUAL RACE PACK KS1, KS2 & KS3/4 6th edition TOUR DE YORKSHIRE 2020 Foreword Hello and thank you for downloading this Tour de Yorkshire Education pack! We hope it will provide you with a wealth of information about the race and give you a whole host of fun and exciting ways to get involved. The pack is designed for teachers, community groups and parents of children aged between 5-16, and I’d like to thank Nathan Atkinson, for his hard work in developing it. We hope you find this pack useful and can’t wait to see everyone cheering from the roadside on the four days of action! James MASON Chief Executive, Welcome to Yorkshire Making the most of this resource It is intended that the resource can be used in a variety of different ways. Schools are wonderfully creative places with talented staff who can interpret ideas in amazing ways, so please use the resource to match the skills of your team and the needs of your pupils. Look out for the chance to win a VIP experience in the section that covers the issue of Sustainability and cycling! The pack can be used in the following ways: • Information only • Follow the pack as a whole package for a whole school, a whole year group, a class or even a small group • Follow the pack and use some of the activities • Use the info to create your own lesson plans Most importantly, make the most of the opportunity to raise awareness and interest in cycling among your pupils and wider community.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 UCI Road World Championships
    2019 ROAD WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS YORKSHIRE GREAT BRITAIN yorkshire2019.co.uk 21 - 29 SEPTEMBER 2019 @yorkshire2019 #yorkshire2019 CONTENTS Media information . 3 Forewords . 4 Competition and media events schedule . 5 Introducing the UCI . 6 Introducing Yorkshire 2019 . 8 The Yorkshire 2019 Para-Cycling International . 10 Introducing the UCI Road World Championships . 12 Introducing the Rainbow Jersey . 16 A nation of cyclists . 17 Yorkshire: The Rainbow County . 18 UCI Bike Region Label . 19 History makers . 20 Host towns . 22 Harrogate maps . 24 Other host locations . 26 Main Media Centre . 28 Media parking and broadcast media . 30 Photographers . 31 Mixed Zone . 32 Race routes . 34 Race programme . 35 02 DAY 1 Yorkshire 2019 Para-Cycling International . 36 DAY 2 Team Time Trial Mixed Relay . 38 DAY 3 Women Junior Individual Time Trial Men Junior Individual Time Trial . 42 DAY 4 Men Under 23 Individual Time Trial Women Elite Individual Time Trial . 46 DAY 5 Men Elite Individual Time Trial . 48 DAY 6 Men Junior Road Race . 50 DAY 7 Women Junior Road Race . 52 Men Under 23 Road Race . 54 DAY 8 Women Elite Road Race . 56 DAY 9 Men Elite Road Race . 58 Follow the Championships . 60 UCI Commissaires’ Panel . 62 Useful information . 63 MEDIA INFORMATION Union Cycliste Yorkshire 2019 Internationale (Local Organising Committee) Louis Chenaille Charlie Dewhirst UCI Press Officer Head of Communications louis .chenaille@uci .ch Charlie .Dewhirst@Yorkshire2019 .co .uk +41 79 198 7047 Mobile: +44 (0)7775 707 703 Xiuling She Nick Howes EBU Host Broadcaster
    [Show full text]
  • TOUR DE YORKSHIRE 2018 Virtual Race Pack for Schools KS1, KS2 & KS3/4
    TOUR DE YORKSHIRE 2018 Virtual Race Pack for Schools KS1, KS2 & KS3/4 PRODUCED IN PARTNERSHIP WITH 2018 FOREWORD Hello and thank you for downloading this Tour de Yorkshire Education pack! We hope it will provide you with a wealth of information about the race and give you a whole host of fun and exciting ways to get involved. The pack is designed for teachers, community groups and parents of children aged between 5-16, and I’d like to thank Nathan Atkinson, for his hard work in developing it. I’d also like to thank Yorkshire Bank Bike Libraries for partnering with us on it. In case you don’t know, Yorkshire Bank Bike Libraries allow children right across our county to borrow bikes, free of charge, just like they would a library book. We launched the initiative as a legacy of the 2014 Tour de France and asked people to donate their old or unwanted bikes which we could then refurbish and bring back to life. So far, over 5,500 bikes have been donated and 50 libraries have opened across the county, providing over 50,000 opportunities to ride! I am immensely proud of this success and our goal is to give every child in Yorkshire access to a bike for free. If you’d like to find out more, you can find more information at the back of this pack. We hope you find this pack useful and can’t wait to see everyone cheering from the roadside on the four days of action! Sir Gary Verity Chief Executive, Welcome to Yorkshire SCHOOL’S VIRTUAL RACE PACK KS1, KS2 & KS3/4 2018 MAKING THE MOST OF THIS RESOURCE The pack is set out to follow the pattern and key features of a bike race.
    [Show full text]
  • Tour De Yorkshire 2016 Final Report
    Version No AGENDA ITEM 11 TOUR DE YORKSHIRE 2016 FINAL REPORT Report of the Chief Executive Ward(s) affected: All 1. Purpose of Report – To report back to Members on the impact of the Tour de Yorkshire in Craven, drawing on the Tour de Yorkshire Economic Impact Study 2016 and reporting back on the financial impact for Craven District Council 2. Recommendations – Members are recommended to: 2.1 Note the contents of the report. 3. Report 3.1 Background 3.2 On Friday 29th April 2016 Settle hosted the finish of Stage 1 of the 2016 Tour de Yorkshire. Welcome to Yorkshire and the Amaury Sport Organisation(ASO) supported by British Cycling launched the three day cycling race - ‘Tour de Yorkshire’, approved by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) with a 2.1 European Tour Classification following the highly successful Grand Depart in July 2014. There is a 10 year agreement in place for the race to take place annually. The race is already becoming a flagship cycling event in the UK and an outstanding cycle race in the international calendar. The race takes place during the first bank holiday weekend in May with a different route through Yorkshire every year. 3.3 Cycling in Yorkshire is becoming synonymous with large crowds, stunning scenery and great sport. The participation of top international teams and cycling stars as well as national TV coverage adds to the excitement surrounding the race. The Tour de Yorkshire supports the Council’s Tour de France Legacy plan adopted on March 3rd 2015, POL 652, which has amongst its specific aims developing cycle events in the district.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainability in Engineering Design and Construction
    Sustainability in Engineering Design and Construction Sustainability in Engineering Design and Construction J. K. Yates Daniel Castro-Lacouture Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20150527 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-3392-2 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmit- ted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.
    [Show full text]