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The Berkshire Echo Issue 51 l Wallingford Castle surrendered l Soldiers’ graves l Who’s the traitor? l New to the Archives From the Editor From the Editor It seems incredible to think that With stories such as these you begin Dates for Your Diary Berkshire was once a theatre of war, but to get to the heart of why archives so it was less than four hundred years survive, even in time of war. It was not Learn more about the Civil War ago. From the moment that Charles I for our interest that these records were A small exhibition of documents raised his standard in 1642, the county created, nor that the authors wished illustrating the history of Reading in the found itself stuck snugly between us to write about them to recount their Civil War is on display in the Wroughton the Parliamentarians in London and tales. Rather, we are the benefi ciaries Room at the Record Offi ce from 13 April to Charles’s base in Oxford. There were of their desire to ensure that something 31 August 2010. battles around Newbury, skirmishes should never be forgotten. They wrote elsewhere, and sieges of Reading and it down, and kept it, and so we have not Discover what happened at Shaw House Wallingford. Many local people lost their forgotten, even now. near Newbury during the war at a free lives and their livelihoods during the exhibition (‘Tradition Says…’) at the breakdown of law and order. Away from the Civil War, we continue to house every weekend from now until offer our range of special events when 19 December. The exhibits include a This Echo seeks to offer remembrance you can come and take your fi rst steps portrait of Jacob, Lord Astley (Baron for something that none of us can into research. These are very popular Astley of Reading), who was governor remember, and through which only our - the last Family History evening saw a of the Reading garrison, 1643-1644 and ancestors lived. It is diffi cult to connect queue of people snaking around the site commanded the Royalist Infantry at the with the wounded and the dead when at Coley Avenue, waiting for the doors Second Battle of Newbury in 1644. West we can see no sign of them now, and the to open. So please take a look at the the Berkshire Museum is currently raising Civil War has fi rmly passed from memory dates to the right and overleaf, and we money towards the purchase of this into history. Our modern county has hope to see you soon. portrait. enjoyed many years of peace, broken only by some agricultural rioting and Introductory visits the occasional bomb during World War Just getting started in family or local Two. But the suffering of the Civil War history? Come along to one of our free was very real, and because there are introductory visits to see what’s available archives that record it, we can be sure here to help your research. The next that it happened. dates are: 19 April, 12 July and 11 October. To book your place, telephone: (0118) 901-5132 or email: [email protected]. Mark Stevens Senior Archivist The Berkshire Echo Issue 51 berkshirerecordoffi ce.org.uk [email protected] The ruins of Wallingford Castle seen in 1810 (BRO, D/EX2102/2/4) (BRO, seen in 1810 Castle of Wallingford The ruins Wallingford Castle surrendered A small bound volume in the Wallingford There they were to surrender the borough archives held at the Record majority of the horses and arms, and Offi ce (reference W/Z5) reveals the the soldiers were to be disbanded after details of how Wallingford Castle, one of promising not to take up arms again the last Royalist strongholds in England, against Parliament. The soldiers would fell into hands of the Parliamentarians be given safe conducts to go home, who had been besieging the town. It and would be permitted to take their sets out the procedures to be followed own baggage. The troopers were also by the vacating army and what was to allowed to keep their swords, and the happen to the soldiers and the ordinary offi cers horses and arms suitable to townspeople after the handover. their rank. Any horses which had been acquired as ‘lawfull prize of Warre’ were to Wallingford did not actually succumb They would be allowed to take up remain in the ownership of their to brute force, but, as the document military service abroad if they wished. current possessor. However, any reveals, Colonel Thomas Blagge, Up to four offi cers would be allowed household goods which ‘shalle governor of the garrison there, entered to travel to London to negotiate with appeare to the Generall … to have been into a formal agreement for the ‘any Forraigne Ambassadour’, and borrowed by any Offi cer or Gentleman surrender of Wallingford Castle and the remainder wishing to go overseas in the Garrison, for their use and town by to Sir Thomas Fairfax, general would have passes to march to Harwich accommodation in the Garrison, shall of the Parliamentary army besieging or Southampton to take ship. be restored back to the owners’. the town, in July 1646. It was published by order of Parliament on 25 July, a few The ordinary townsmen of Wallingford The castle was demolished in 1652 by days before the actual handover, set for ‘shall not bee troubled, or questioned the victorious Parliamentarians, part Wednesday 29 July, and was obviously for any thing said or written by any of the stone going to build the tower of circulated fairly widely. In fact, the of them, nor the Corporation thereof St Mary’s Church, and only ruins now surrender was brought forward by a few prejudiced for any thing done by any remain as a reminder of the bitter civil days as the royal garrison was on the of them by expresse Command since it war which ripped the country apart over point of mutiny due to lack of pay, and was a Garrison.’ Other inhabitants of 350 years ago. actually took place on the 27th. This Wallingford would be allowed to stay copy appears to have been acquired by freely for a month after the surrender, the borough in the 20th century. and then to have free passage if Dates for Your Diary they also promised not to take arms On the day of surrender, the governor against Parliament. The sick and Free research evenings and all the offi cers and soldiers of wounded could stay until they were Experts from the Berkshire Family the garrison were to march out of recovered. There was a guarantee ‘That History Society will be on hand Wallingford with all their horses and no person whatsoever comprised in to help getting started in family arms, fl ying their colours (fl ags), this Capitulation shall be reproached, history or with elusive ancestors sounding trumpets, and beating drums, reviled, affronted, plundered, or injured at special open evenings at the with each soldier carrying a share of the in their march, Rendezvous, or quarters, Berkshire Record Offi ce. Taking gunpowder, matches and ordnance, to a journies, or places of abode… nor shall place from 6-8 pm, the next dates place of the governor’s choice anywhere be compelled to beare Armes, nor be are 13 April and 13 July. No need to within ten miles of Wallingford (as long imprisoned, restrained, sued, molested, book: just turn up. as there was no royal garrison there). damnifi ed for any matter whatsoever’. The Berkshire Echo Issue 51 berkshirerecordoffi ce.org.uk [email protected] Windsor Castle (BRO, Prints: Windsor Castle 30) Castle Prints: Windsor (BRO, Castle Windsor Aldermaston, 1643 (D/P3/1/1) 18 May A parliament Soldier being a German 22 Sept A parliament Soldier killed at Newbury Soldiers’ graves Windsor, 1643-1649 (D/P149/1/1) 6 June 1643 Henry Peto, Soldier The disruption caused by the Civil War can be seen in 8 June 1643 John Waggstafe, Soldier Berkshire’s parish registers. Baptisms, marriage and burials 9 July 1643 Thomas King, Soldier are all recorded more scantily than at normal times – which is 9 February 1649 King Charles in the Castle of course a major problem for family history. Radley, 1643 (D/P95/1/1) The registers also sometimes bear witness to the war more Thomas Gylburte, captain under Colonel Lunford’s Regiment, directly, when soldiers far from home were buried. Even their was buried July 8 names were sometimes unknown to the local parish clerk Umphrey [sic] Baine, captain Lieutenant under Colonell compiling the records. The dates show how the war waxed Bellasis was buried July 18 and waned across the county. Most distinguished of all the local victims, we have the record of burial for King Charles I Great Shefford, 1643 (D/P108/1/1) at Windsor Castle (actually in St George’s Chapel) after his John Reade, a Welsh man & soldier who was wounded in execution by Parliament, which was entered into the Windsor the fi ght near Newbury, September 20 and died at Anthony parish register. One of the regicides - the men who signed Adams’s house was buried September 21 the order for the execution - was Reading landowner and MP, Daniel Blagrave. Waltham St Lawrence, 1644-1645 (D/P141/1/1) A Soldier buried October the 21sth 1644 Over 30 soldiers (some named) are recorded between A Soldier buried November the 28th November 1642 and February 1644 in the burial register of A Soldier buried December the 2nd Reading St Laurence (on display in our exhibition).
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