Initial Environmental Examination Sri Lanka: Northern Province
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Initial Environmental Examination June 2018 Sri Lanka: Northern Province Sustainable Fisheries Development Project: Aquaculture Development ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank AP - Affected person CADEC - Coastal Aquaculture Development and Training Centre CBD - Convention on Biological Diversity CCCRMD - Coastal Conservation and Coastal Resources Management Department CCD - Climate Change Division CCRF - Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries CCS - Climate Change Secretariat CEA - Central Environmental Authority DFAR - Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources DMC - Disaster Management Center DS - Divisional Secretariat DSD - Divisional Secretariat Divisions DWC - Department of Wildlife Conservation EA - Executing Agency EARF - Environmental Assessment and Review Framework EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EIRR - Economic Internal Rate of Return EMoP - Environmental Monitoring Plan EMP - Environmental management plan EPL - Environmental Protection Licensing FAO - Food and Agricultural Organization (UN) UNFCCC - Framework Convention on Climate Change FI divisions - Fisheries Inspector divisions FMA - Fisheries management areas GDP - Gross Domestic Product GND - Grama Niladari Division GRC - Grievance Redress Committee GRM - Grievance Redress Mechanism IA - Implementing Agency IDAY- IBE - Inboard single day boats IEE - Initial Environmental Examination IMUL - Inboard multi-day boats INDC - Intended Nationally Determined Contributions IOTC - Indian Ocean Tuna Commission IPOA - International Plan of Action ISEA - Integrated Strategic Environmental Assessment IUU - Illegal, unreported and unregulated LST - Longshore sediment transport MEPA - Marine Environment Protection Authority MFARD - Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Development MMDE - Ministry of Mahaweli Development and the Environment MSL - Mean Sea-Level NAQDA - National Aquaculture Development Authority NARA - National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency NBSAP - National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Planning NDC - Nationally determined contributions NPSFDP - Northern Province Sustainable Fisheries Development Project NPV - Net Present Value O&M - Operations and Maintenance OFRP - Outboard engine fiberglass reinforced plastic boats PMU - Project Management Unit PPTA - Project Preparatory Technical Assistance SEO - Strategic environmental objectives SMA - Special Management Areas SPS - Safeguards Policy Statement TOR - Terms of Reference UN - United Nations UNCLOS - United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UoM - University of Moratuwa WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ha - hectare kg - kilogram km - kilometer m - meter MT - metric ton This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 1. INTRODUCTION 13 1.1 Background 13 1.2. Aquaculture Development Component 13 1.3 Extent of the IEE Study 15 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 17 2.1 ADB Safeguards Policy 17 2.2 National Environment Laws 18 2.3 Organizational / Administrative Framework 28 2.4 National Environment Policy 31 2.5 International Environment Agreements 33 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 35 3.1 Background 35 3.2 Coastal Aquaculture Development and Training Centre (CADEC) 37 3.3 Mud crab hatchery and larval rearing facility 42 3.4 Sea cucumber hatchery and associated nursery facilities 51 3.5 Seaweed tissue culture laboratory and in-vitro propagation facility 61 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT – BASELINE DATA 70 4.1 Coastal Aquaculture Development and Training Centre (CADEC) 70 4.2 Mud crab hatchery and larval rearing facility in Mannar district 96 4.3 Sea cucumber hatchery and associated nursery facilities in Mullaitivue 121 4.4 Seaweed tissue culture laboratory and in-vitro propagation facility in Jaffna District 139 5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 158 5.1 Introduction 158 5.2 Coastal Aquaculture Development and Training Centre (CADEC) 159 5.3 Mud crab hatchery and larval rearing facility 159 5.4 Sea cucumber hatchery and associated nursery facilities 160 5.5 Seaweed tissue culture laboratory and in-vitro propagation facility 160 5.6 Conclusions 161 6. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 162 6.1 Impact identification 162 6.2 Impact analysis 162 6.3 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures - Generic 164 6.4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures – CADEC 178 6.5 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures - Mud crab hatchery and larval rearing facility 183 6.6 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures - Sea cucumber hatchery facility 191 6.7 Seaweed tissue culture laboratory and in-vitro propagation facility 195 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 200 7.1 General 200 7.2 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation 200 7.3 Environmental Monitoring 201 7.4 Implementation Mechanism 203 7.5 Mitigation and Monitoring Cost 207 8. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION 246 8.1 General 246 8.2 Meetings with government authorities 246 8.3 Public consultation meetings 247 8.4 Group consultative discussions 248 8.5 Future consultation activities 248 9. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 250 9.1 Grievance Redress Mechanism process 250 10. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 253 LIST OF APPENDIXES 252 Appendix 1. Laws and Regulations relevant to the Project Approval Appendix 2. Maps and Drawings Appendix 3. Climate data Appendix 4. Water Quality Details of Previous Boreholes Appendix 5. Impact Identification Matrices Appendix 6. Consultations and Minutes Appendix 7. Sri Lankan Environmental Regulations and Standards Appendix 8. EMP and EMoP Cost Estimates Appendix 9. References List of Tables Table 2.2-1: Relevant National Laws ....................................................................................... 18 Table 2.2-2: Applicability of the National Laws ........................................................................ 25 Table 2.2-3: Summary of procedure for obtaining the main environmental permits required by Sri Lankan law ..................................................................................................... 26 Table 4.1-1: Marine species recorded in the area.................................................................... 76 Table 4.1-2: Key Features of the Wetlands / Lagoons in the Project Areas ............................. 77 Table 4.1-3: Key Findings of Integrated Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment ............ 77 Table 4.1-4: Summary of the Floral Species Recorded during the Study in Project Area ......... 81 Table 4.1-5: Details of Floral Species Recorded in the Proposed Project Area ....................... 82 Table 4.1-6: Summary of the Floral Species Recorded during the Study in Surrounding Area 82 Table 4.1-7: Details of Floral Species Recorded in the Surrounding Area ............................... 83 Table 4.1-8: Number and species of tree that exceed 30cm DBH within the project site ......... 84 Table 4.1-9: Summary List of bird species recorded in coastal wetlands in Mannar as listed in CEB (2016) ......................................................................................................... 86 Table 4.1-10: Threatened Species in the Northern Province ..................................................... 87 Table 4.1-11: Protected Wildlife Areas in the Region ................................................................ 89 Table 4.1-12: Potential Special Management Areas in Northern Coast ..................................... 89 Table 4.1-13: The income distribution pattern ........................................................................... 90 Table 4.1-14: Natural Disasters Recorded in DSD .................................................................... 93 Table 4.1-15: Some of the Historical Earthquakes in & around SriLanka ............................................................................................................................ 95 Table 4.1-16: Damages due to Tsunami ................................................................................... 95 Table 4.2-1: Details of the Borehole at Kondachchi ................................................................. 97 Table 4.2-2: Groundwater quality of the nearest borehole of the WRB database................... 101 Table 4.2-3: Marine species recorded in the area.................................................................. 104 Table 4.2-4: Key Findings of Integrated Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment .......... 105 Table 4.2-5. Summary of the Floral Species Recorded during the Study in Project Area ....... 109 Table 4.2-6: Details of Floral Species Recorded in the Proposed Project Area ..................... 109 Table 4.2-7: Summary of the Floral Species Recorded during the Study in Surrounding Area .......................................................................................................................... 111 Table 4.2-8: Details of Floral Species Recorded in the Surrounding Area