THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES jL' TOPOGRAPHY OP <great Mxitmt, OR, BRITISH TRAVELLER'S POCKET DIRECTORY; BEING AN ACCURATE AHD COJU'REHENSIVB TOPOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION OF ALL THE COUNTIES IN WITH THE ADJACENT ISLANDS: ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS OF THE COUNTIES, WHICH FORM A COMPLETE BRITISH ATLAS. BY G. A. COOKE, ESQ. VOL. X. CONTAINING CAMBRIDGESHIRE, HUNTINGDONSHIRE, AND RUTLANDSHIRE, Fiinted, hy Assignment from the Executors of the late C Cooke^ FOR SHERWOOD, NEELY, AND JONES, PATERNOSTER-ROW AND SOr.D BY ALL BOOKSELFERS. TOPOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE. Containing an Account of its Situation, Minerals, Agriculture, Extent, Fisheries, Markets, Towns, Manufactures, Curiosities, Roads, Commerce, Antiquities, River;,, Fairs, Natural History, Civil and Ecclesiastical Jurisdictions, &Lc. To nhich is prefixed, A COPIOUS TRAVELLING GUIDE ; Exhibiting, The Direct and principal. Cross Roads, Inns and Distance of Stages, Noblemen's and Gentlemen's Seats. Forming a COMPLETE COUNTY ITINERARY. Also, A LIST OF THE MARKETS AND FAIRS ; And mi Index Table, Shewing, at One View, the Distances of all the Towns from London, and from each other. BY GEORGE ALEXANDER COOKE, Editor of the Universal System of Geography. Illustrated with A MAP OF THE COUNTY. E-ottcom Printed for C. COOKE. No. 17, Paternoster Row, by Brimmer and Co. Water Lane, licet Street, And sold by ail the Booksellers in the Uaited Kingdom. v. 10 o "0 V w o AN ITINERARY of all Uie DIRECT AND PRINCIPAL CROSS ROADS m HUNTING VONSHIR E. In which are Inckideri the Stages, Inns, and G£^TLEME^i's Seats. jV. Ti. The first Column contai/ii (he Names of Places pa<;sed tJiroitgh; the Figiiren that, follow sheu the Distances from Plact to Place, Town to Timu, and Stages ; and in the last Coiumv ore the vamcs of GenHemen's Seats and In'S. The right and left of the Roads uie disti/tguished hy the letters R arid L. JOURNEY FROM WARDSFORD TO HUXTINGDOX, THROUGH STILTON, Wardsford to 6 iTINERxVRY OF THE Little Stukeley Great Stukeley IIUNT[NGDON 20 Inns — Crann, Founfoi?i, and GcorfiC. on R. a T. R. to Hi n c li i n b rook c,earl <)fSa ?/ d- St. Ni'ots, on L. to ?/;u7i ,• fiiid the Vieus, — JRamsey. Sfiarpe, exq. R. JOURNEY FROM RAMSEY 10 ST. NEOTS. THROUGH HITNTINGDON. Ramsey to IVUlliim Fciloccs, esq. R. Bury Warboys H At Warboys, on L. a T. R. to Wis- beach. Old Hurst H At Old Hurst, on L. a 2\ R, to S'mierfifiam, thence to WUhcach. llanfbrrj, T. G. narttord Hln ri^GDOM Inns — Cioirn, Fountain, At Huntingdon, and (Jeoriie. on H. a T. R. to Steicliley^ on L. to Roj/ston. Hinchinbrookt:, carl ofSand- Rrmnpton n| wich, R. A^ Brampton, on R. a T. R. to Spuldwkli, and 2 vy'iles bci/ond, on J{. a T. R.toAl- ron bury. JUuckdcn 13^ The Palace of tht bishop of Lincoln, L. ROAD^ 8 ITINERARY OF THE JOURNEY FROINI BYTIIORNE TO FENNY STANTON, THROUGH HUNTINSDON. Bythorne to Tu'O rtnles he- yond Bythorne^ on L. a T. R. to Oakham, on R. to KimhoJton. Spaldwic Ellington Creamer's Hut At Crcaj)ia*s Hut on R. a T. R.toSt.Neuts, on L to Alconburrj iniL Brampton H 1 01 J. Richards, esq. R, At Brampton, on R. a T. R. to Buckden Ilichinbrook lU Hichinhrook JJouse, earl of Sandwich, L. The Vieios, George Sharpe^ esq. Huntingdon m Imis — CrO'tn, Tountain^ At Hunting- and Georg,i\ don, on L T. Ks toAlconburyRUlj and Ramsey, Cross the Ouse river. Godmanchcster 131 At Godman- chcster, on R. a T.R. toSt.Neots, en L. to St. Ives. Vaauy Stan Con 17^1 If, Parker Uamond, tsg, R, — ROADS IN CAMBRIDGESHIRE. Cungrave Hi Arriniiton 141 Inn Hardicicke Arms. Nunehom Wimpole, Earl of Cross the Cajii Hardwicke, L River 3i 181 Knusworf.h [nn Red Lion. Knusrcorth Hull, Sir George Nightingale, Bart, Royston 2i 201- Inn Red Lion, Ai Royston, on the left, a turnpike road to Cambridge, on the right to Bal- dccL I END OF THE ITINF.RARf, , CORRECT LIST OF ALL THE FAIRS [N CAMBRIDGESHIRE. Camhridiie—June 24, hor- Soham—May 9, cows, and ses, wood, and earthen- horses. ware. SliA'bkk Fair—September Caxton —October 12, ped- 18, lasts a fortnight, hor- lary. ses, leather, cheese, hops E/j/—Ascension-day, hor- iron, wool, and all sorts ses. of goods from London. —October 29, hor- Thorney Isle of Ely—July ses, cheese, and hops 1, September 21, horses. Ickli'ton }icar Chestcrford— Whitlesley, Isle of Ely— July 22, horses. January 25, St. Pauls, a Linton—Holy Thursday, great fair for horses; July 30, horses, and June 13, October 25, lambs. horses and cattle. Mash, Isle of Ely—Mon- Wisbicli, Isle if Ely—Sa- day before Whitsunday, turday and Monday be- liorses ; Whit-Monday, fore Palm Sunday, hemp, household goods ; Octo- and flax ; July 15, hor- ber 27, cheese. ses ; August 1, 2, hemp, Roach—Rogation Monday, and flax. horses. A LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL WORKS That have been Published in lllustr.'ition of tli« Topographj/ and Antiquities The Beauties of England and Wales, hy John Brit- ton and Edward Wedlake Brayley, -2 vols, 1801, contains an elegant and correct Topographical aad Historical account of Cambridgeshire. The earliest pieces connected with the History of Cambridgeshire are chiefly controversial, and relate principally to the origin of the University. The dis- pute was commenced by " Historio/a de Antiquitate ct Origitie Universitatis Cantabrigietisis," supposed to have been written by Nicholas Cantalupe. Tliis was printed by Hearne at the end of Sprott's Chronicle, 8\'o, 1719; and afterwards in English, with a "Description ef the present Colleges," &c. by the Rev. Richard Parker, B. D, " Several Charters," &c. and a " Sum- mary of all the Privileges granted by the English Monarchs to this seminary of Learning," under tlie ge- neral Title of " The History and Antiquities of the University of Cambridge," Bvo. London. The Preface to rtie latter work contains a reprint of a " Speech touching the Antiquity of Cambridge, delivered in Par- liament by Sir Simonds D'Ewes," pubhshed la 4to. 1642. " When Queen Elizabeth," observes I\Ir. Gough in his British Topography, " was at Caujbiidge. in the year 1564, the Pubhc Orator, in his speech before her, happening to extol the Antiquity of tins Universltv above that ofOxford, Thomas Key, IMaster of University College, composed a little piece on the antiquity of his own University, whose foundation he carried back to the Greek Professors that accompanied Brute to England, and its Restoration to Alfred about 870." Dr. John Caius, 12 LIST OF TOPOGRAPHICAL "WORKS, &C. Caius, of Caius College, procured a copy of this manu- script, and following the authority of Cantalupe, imme- diately began to refute it, by attempting to prove that tiie University of Cambridge, " being founded by Can- taber 394 years before (Christ, was 1267 years older than that of Oxford.'' His work, and the piece which occasioned it, were printed by Henricum Bynncman, and entitled, " De Antiquitate. Cantibrigiensis Acade- mic." 6zc. 12mo. 1568, London. Thomas Key was induced by this publication to draw up a defence of his own assertions, which he intended to have had " print- ed in the form of Notes, with an Appendix of Animad- versions on his antagonist's work ; but this ivas pre- vented by his death in 1572. Dr. Caius died the fol- lowing year, leaving large additions to his work in manuscript, wliich were published in a new edition in 4to. 1574, under the patronage of Archbishop Parker. Iii 1730 Hearne printed a work comprehending all that had been \%ritten by both disputants on the sub- ject : The principal title was only " Xlioma Caii vin- diciiE Antiquilnth Acudemioi Oxoniensis, contra Johan- neni Caium Co7itabfigiensem," 2 vols. 8vo, Oxford. At the end of Fuller's Church History, Folio, 1645, is a " History of the University of Cambridge," from the conquest to the year 1643 ; in 173 pages. This %vork likewise contains a plan and many particulars concerning the town. A work by Archbishop Parker, entitled, De Anti- qidtate Ecclesia Britannicce^" folio, 1605, Hanover, re- published by Drake, in 1729, " is a Latin Catalogue of Chancellors, \ ice-Chancellors, Proctors, with the Chancellor's Arms and Notes, Anns of the University, Colleges, Chancellor's Seal, Figures and Dimensions of the Schools, Charters from Henry IIL to Elizabeth, and other records. " An Account of the University of Cambridge and the Colleges there, being a plain relation of many of their Oatiis, Statues, and Charters, &c. together with a few natural and easy methods how the Ixjgislature may LIST OF TOPOGRAPHICAT, WORKS, &C. 13 may be for the future, fix that and the other great Nur- sery of Leaniiug in the Protestant Succession ; by Edmund Miller, Sergeant at Law ; 8vo. London. " CoUectcnea Cuntahrigicn^ia, or Collections rela- ting to Cambridge University, Town, and Coun- try;" by Francis Bloonitield, 4to. 1740, Norwich. " History of the University of Cambridge," &c. by Edmund Carter, 1753, 8vo. London. The same author, assisted by some academical Gen- tlemen, published " The History ot" the County of Cam- bridge, from the earliest period to the present time, tzc. also a particular account of ancient and modern Cambridge, with the City of Ely, and the several pa- rishes tlierein ; likewise an account of the several Towns and Villages in Alphabetical Order." 8vo. 1753, Cambridge. " Projecte conteyninge the State, Order, and ]Man- ner of Governmente, of the University of Cambridge, as now it is to be seen in the Three-and- Fortieth yearo of the llaigtie of our most Gracious and Soveraigne Lady Queen Elizabeth ;" 4to.