IXth European Bat Research Symposium Le Havre 26-30 August 2002 ABSTRACTS Monday, 26 August Phylogeny and Systematics Oral communications EARLY MYOTIS : COMMENT ON FOSSIL RECORD Ivan Horáèek Department of Zoology, Charles University, Vinicna 7, CZ-128 44 Praha, Czech Republic. [email protected] Recent molecular studies on phylogeny of the genus Myotis (Ruedi & Mayer 2002) show a considerable discrepancy between the late divergence data predicted based on molecular evidence and a fact that most of the Miocene and Oligocene records of vespertilionid bats is identified just as Myotis. The present paper reports results of a revision of the Early Miocene and Oligocene material of these forms, and an extensive material of them obtained from the N-Bohemian MN3 site Ahníkov- Merkur -north. It is demonstrated that almost all European early Myotis actually do not belong to that genus but represent ancestral grades of the other vespertilionid clades. Two new genera (Hanakia, Quinetia) are described and their possible relations are discussed. The fossil forms which for sure can be identified as Myotis appear first in Vallesian, i.e. just in the period that is in quite a good agreement with predictions by molecular clock. MEGA- AND MICROCHIROPTERA: OLD CLADES AND NEW VIEWS Pavel Hulva & Ivan Horáèek Department of Zoology, Charles University, Vinicna 7, CZ-128 44 Praha, Czech Republic. [email protected] Extensive discussions on mutual relations of the two traditional suborders of Chiroptera, vivid in nineties, turned recently to another topics: monophyly of Microchiroptera and reality and actual content of Yango- and Yinochiroptera. The strong molecular evidence, recently published, suggests that Rhinolophoidea is a sister group of Pteropodidae. We tries to reexamine this topic in details, particularly with considerable enlarging of a spectrum of rhinolophoid and pteropoid clades taken in account. Here we report results of a phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome b sequence data both published and those we obtained from several critical taxa not yet investigated (including Craseonycteris, three Rhinopoma spp., Megaderma, Nycteris, Emballonura etc.) which we analysed with aid of several techniques of phylogenetic analysis (MP,ML, spectral analyses etc.). The results mostly confirmed close relations between Pteropodidae and Rhinolophoidea (including Craseonycteridae) except for Nycteridae which was found a sister group of Emballonuridae. Within Rhinolophoidea, a close relation of Rhinolophidae and Megadermatidae is suggested, while Hipposideridae - a sister group of Creseonycteridae, appear to be not directly related to that clade similarly as Rhinopomatidae. Further phylogenetic inferences and their possible consequences in classification are also discussed. NEUROMORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS AND PHYLOGENY OF BATS Pavel Nìmec, Marcela Lucová & Ivan Horáèek Department of Zoology, Charles University, Vinicna 7, CZ-128 44 Praha, Czech Republic Neuromorphological traits constitute the main body of evidence supporting chiropteran diphyly hypothesis. Indeed, early Pettigrew's papers challenging the monophyletic origin of bats have been based almost entirely on the neural traits. However, the heat of the monophyly/diphyly controversy resulted in the comprehensive revision of their heuristic value for phylogenetic reconstruction. Virtually none of the strongest pieces of evidence supporting the diphyletic scenario can withstand the critical analysis in the light of more recent re-investigations. First, the megachiropteran retinotopic organization of the superior colliculus is not primate-like, but follows the general mammalian scheme (Thiele et al. 1991). Second, the megachiropteran lamination pattern in the lateral geniculate nucleus is distinctive and differs from that of primates (Kaas & Preuss 1993). Third, the microchiropteran visual system exhibits regressive features indicative of secondary reductions; a poorly differentiated visual system of insectivorous bats cannot therefore be considered a plesiomorphic state (own unpublished data). Fourth, gross morphology, cyto- and myeloarchitectonic organization of the spinal cord do not differ significantly between Mega- and - 1 - IXth European Bat Research Symposium Le Havre 26-30 August 2002 Microchiroptera; commonly discussed differences do not refer to any disparate quality or characters with discrete states but to continuous quantitative variables scaled by body size and the degree of the neocortex development (Nìmec et al. 2000; unpublished data). Finally, quantitative brain characters, when analyzed using an appropriate statistical framework, do support the monophyletic origin of bats (Lapointe et al. 1999). MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF THE PISCIVOROUS BAT MYOTIS (PIZONYX) VIVESI Benoît Stadelmann1,2 , Gerardo Herrera3, Joaquín Arroyo-Cabrales4 & Manuel Ruedi1 1 Natural History Museum, P.O. Box 6434, CH-1211 Geneva 6, Switzerland 2 Department of Zoology & Animal Biology, Molecular Systematics Group, University of Geneva, 154 route de Malagnou, CH-1224 Chêne-Bougeries, Switzerland 3 Instituto de Biología, U.N.A.M., Departamento de Zoología, Apartado Postal 70-153, 04510 Mexico D.F., Mexico 4 Laboratorio de Paleozoología, I.N.A.H., Moneda # 16, Col. Centro, 06060 Mexico D.F., Mexico Previous phylogenetic reconstructions based on molecular data showed recurrent morphological convergences during the evolution of the speciose genus Myotis. This illustrates that the evolution of species or groups of species with similar feeding strategies occurred independently several times, but led to remarkable similarities in their external morphology. In this context, we investigated the rather contested phylogenetic position of one of the only two piscivorous species of bat in the world, Myotis vivesi Menegaux, 1901, which was missing in the earlier study. This bat is endemic to the coasts and islands of the Gulf of California, Mexico. Because of its distinctive morphology, it was long classified in its own genus, Pizonyx. In order to reconstruct its phylogenetic origins relative to other Myotis, we sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome-b of two M. vivesi and related vespertilionid bats. These outgroups included Pipistrellus subflavus, a member of the subgenus Perimyotis, sometimes classified within the genus Myotis. Unexpectedly, all reconstructions placed vivesi unambiguously within a strongly supported clade including more “conventional” Neotropical and Nearctic Myotis. This supports the existence of an endemic radiation of American Myotis. Other Myotis species with similar adaptations to gaffing preys from the water surface present no close phylogenetic relationships with M. vivesi, indicating that such adaptations result from morphological convergences. On the other hand, “Pipistrellus” subflavus is genetically as distant from the genus Myotis, as from other true “Pipistrellus”, suggesting separate, full generic rank to Perimyotis. Phylogeny and Systematics Poster PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF THE LONG FINGERED BAT MYOTIS CAPACCINII IN THE NORTH-MEDITERRANEAN AREA: TWO GENETIC STRUCTURES AND PROBABLY TWO HISTORIES Emmanuel Cosson, Josiane Aubert, Marie Zimmerman, Henri Descimon & Eric Faure EA Biodiversité, Université de Provence, Case 5, place Victor Hugo, F-13331 Marseille cedex 03, France. [email protected] The Long fingered bat Myotis capaccinii (Bonaparte, 1887) is a rare cave-dwelling bat which hunts above water of lakes and rivers. In Europe, it lives around Mediterranean see with an extension in the low Danube basin. It also lives from near-east regions to the western margins of central Asia. In this study, we tried to reveal the genetic links between the groups of reproduction in the north part of the Mediterranean see. The Long fingered bat is known as an phylogenetically “old” species. The samples come from Eastern Spain with Balearic Islands, Southern France including Corsica, Northern Italia, Sardinia, Monte-Negro, Serbia, Central and Southern Bulgaria. Unfortunately, the samples from Algeria and Israel didn’t give any results when extracting DNA. We sequenced parts of two mitochondrial genes: cytochrome b (420 bp) and control region (380 bp). Analysis give trees obtained by several methods as distance methods (NJ, MSN), parcimony. The two genes show a clear bipartition of the Mediterranean basin with an eastern group composed by North Italia and Monte-Negro in a clade, and Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece (one cyt b sequence from Gene Bank) in a second one. The western group is composed by the other samples. The two groups differed by the genetic structuration. The eastern group is clearly structured with high bootstrapping values on nodes. The clades of this group are consistent with the geography of the region geographically separated by mountains. The western group is not as well clearly structured, and many clades are not well supported by bootstrapping values. The branching of the insular populations is frequently confused. Generally, all the individuals of a same colony are grouped together in trees. This is probably due to a phylopatric behaviour of the species. Compared with other bat species, the long fingered bat seem to be lied to an localised area where reproductive conditions are favourable. The females, studied by the mean of mitochondrial DNA, seems to be mostly sedentary and must return year after year in the same cave. These observations are important for the conservation strategy of this rare species in Europe. - 2 - IXth European Bat Research Symposium Le Havre 26-30 August 2002