Lasalleistichus a New Genus of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from the Neotropical Region, Including Four New Species

Journal of Natural History

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Lasalleistichus a new genus of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from the Neotropical region, including four new species

Christer Hansson

To cite this article: Christer Hansson (2020) Lasalleistichus a new genus of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from the Neotropical region, including four new species, Journal of Natural History, 54:9-12, 621-633, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1715500 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1715500

Published online: 24 Jan 2020.

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Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tnah20 JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY 2020, VOL. 54, NOS. 9–12, 621–633 https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1715500

Lasalleistichus a new genus of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from the Neotropical region, including four new species Christer Hansson

Scientiﬁc Associate, Natural History Museum, London, UK; Biological Museum (Entomology), Lund, Sweden

ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY A new genus, Lasalleistichus, is described based on material from Received 2 August 2019 the Neotropical region (Brazil, Costa Rica, Peru). This new genus Accepted 7 January 2020 includes four species: L. albiclava, L. albifasciatus, L. fuscicoxa, Published online 24 January L. longicaulis, all spp. n. and described here. The group is mainly 2020 female based, males are known only for L. albiclava. There is no KEYWORDS biological information available for this group. Brazil; Costa Rica; Peru

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:82E08F36-E2C4-42FF-AD12-11B49C272AC6

Introduction Even though some crucial papers pertaining to Neotropical Tetrastichinae have been published relatively recently, this group remains very poorly studied in this part of the world. LaSalle et al. (2006) listed 29 genera of the Tetrastichinae from the Neotropical region, but hardly any of them have been revised or otherwise investigated in the Neotropics. However, most genera on the list were treated by LaSalle (1994) in his study on North American genera of this subfamily, thus paving the way for further studies in the Americas. In spite of these recent achievements much remains to be done on the classiﬁcation at genus level, and even more so at species level. Here a new tetrastichine genus is described, a genus with fore wings with a large fuscous median spot and an elongate gastral petiole, and both features are very uncom- mon in the Tetrastichinae. Lasalleistichus includes four species from Costa Rica, Brazil and Peru. This genus is almost exclusively female based, the male is known only for one of the species. The biology is unknown, and since the host spectrum for the Tetrastichinae as a whole is very extensive, including more than 100 families in 10 orders of insects, mites, spider egg sacks, nematodes, and acting as gall makers and inquilines in galls (LaSalle 1994), speculation on this subject is futile at this stage.

Acronyms MZLU: Biological Museum, Entomology, Lund University, Sweden MZUCR: Museo de Zoología, Universidad de Costa Rica

Published online 24 Jan 2020 622 C. HANSSON

NHM: Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom

Terminology The terms used here are the same as used by LaSalle (1994), with the following exceptions or addenda: CC = costal cell; ﬂg = ﬂagellum; Gt1-7 = gastral tergites 1, 2, etc.; HE = eye height; l = length; mesoscutellum is used instead of scutellum; msc = mesoscutum; MS = malar space; mss = mesosoma; ped = pedicel; ppd = propodeum; smg = submedian grooves; sct = mesoscutellum; submedian grooves on mesoscutellum are used instead of submedian lines; w = width.

Lasalleistichus, gen. n. Figures 1(a–f), 2(a–e), 3(c–d)

Type species Lasalleistichus albiclava, sp. n.

Diagnosis. Antennae attached in middle of frons (Figure 1(c)), scape reaching to upper level of, or slightly above level of vertex, pedicel long and slender, female with clava predominantly white (Figure 1(c)); male antenna with F1–F4 with subbasal whorls of setae (Figure 3(c)); ventral plaque on male scape with same pale colour as remaining scape (Figure 3(c)); mesoscutellum with submedian grooves wide apart and diverging towards posterior part, part between grooves smooth or with very ﬁne and weak reticulation (Figure 1(e)), without sublateral grooves, with two pairs of setae, both in posterior one- half of mesoscutellum; fore wing with a large infuscate spot medially (Figure 1(d)); petiole 1.0–2.2× as long as wide, with or without a short anterolateral spine on each side, and with irregular longitudinal carinae on dorsal surface.

Description. Antennae in both sexes attached in middle of frons, halfway between anterior ocellusandmouthmargin(Figures 1(c), 3(c)); scape reaching to upper level of vertex, or slightly above this level; pedicel long and slender; female with three funiculars with F1 distinctly longer than F2, and three clavomeres with a weak constriction between C1 and C2 (Figure 1(c)), male with four funiculars and three clavomeres, with a dorso-basal whorl of long setae on F1–F4, setae longer than ﬂagellomere attached to (Figure 3(c)). Head with malar sulcus complete and ±straight; without subocular fovea and genal carina; clypeal margin bidentate (Figure 1(c)); frons shiny with very weak sculpture, with scattered setae below the level of toruli and with a row of setae along eyes; vertex with very weak reticulation; occipital margin rounded. Pronotum with very weak reticulation and shiny, without a transverse carina close to posterior margin of collar. Mesoscutum with an incomplete (present in only posterior part) to complete median groove; with 3 + 3 long and strong adnotaular setae, the two posterior setae attached away from notauli (Figure 1(e)). Axillae advanced half their length in front of transscutal articulation (Figure 1(e)). Mesoscutellum ﬂat with submedian grooves strong, wide apart and diverging strongly towards posterior part (Figure 1(e)); without sublateral grooves; without frenal groove; with 2 + 2 long and strong setae, both attached outside submedian grooves in posterior one-half of mesoscutellum. Dorsellum smooth and JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY 623

Figure 1. (a) Lasalleistichus albiclava, ♀ holotype habitus lateral. (b) L. albifasciatus, ♀ holotype habitus lateral. (c–e) L. albiclava ♀: (c) paratype head frontal; (d) paratype fore wing; (e) holotype habitus dorsal. (f) L. albifasciatus, ♀ holotype habitus dorsal. Scales: (a–b, e–f) 1 mm; (c–d) 0.5 mm. 624 C. HANSSON

Figure 2. (a) Lasalleistichus albiclava, ♂ paratype habitus lateral. (b) L. fuscicoxa, ♀ holotype habitus lateral. (c) L. longicaulis, ♀ holotype habitus lateral. (d) L. albiclava, ♂ paratype habitus dorsal. (e) L. fuscicoxa, ♀ holotype habitus dorsal. Scale 1 mm. shiny, without median carina or groove. Propodeum with a wide and short fovea just behind dorsellum and a complete and strong narrow median carina that expands to a triangular shape posteriorly; without paraspiracular carinae; spiracles large and not covered by a ﬂap; callus with 2–3 setae. Coxae with very weak reticulation. Fore wing with a large infuscate spot JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY 625

Figure 3. (a) Palmistichus ixtlilxochitli, ♀ nontype habitus lateral. (b) Agmostigma frontale, ♀ holotype habitus lateral. (c) Lasalleistichus albiclava, ♂ paratype head lateral. (d) L. longicaulis, ♀ holotype habitus dorsal. Scales: (a–b, d) 1 mm; (c) 0.5 mm. medially; with 3–4 setae on the dorsal surface of a submarginal vein; postmarginal vein absent; costal cell very narrow, 17–32× as long as wide; speculum open below and towards thebaseofthewing.Petiole1.0–2.2× as long as wide, with or without a short anterolateral spine and with irregular longitudinal carinae on the dorsal surface. Gaster 1.7–1.9× as long as 626 C. HANSSON wide, with longest cercal seta 2.4–3.0× as long as next longest (these ratios shall be regarded with some caution as curved setae are diﬃcult to measure), and curved or sinuate but never kinked. Female hypopygium reaching half the length of gaster.

Distribution. New World tropics, from Costa Rica to Brazil.

Hosts/biology. Unknown.

Etymology. Named after John La Salle, friend and fellow eulophid taxonomist who had a special interest in the Tetrastichinae. Gender masculine.

Key to species (females) 1. Petiole 2.2× as long as wide (Figure 3(d)) ...... L. longicaulis sp. n. (male unknown) Petiole at most 1.3× as long as wide ...... 2 2. Fore coxa dark brown to black (Figure 2(b)) ...... L. fuscicoxa sp. n. (male unknown) Fore coxa predominantly white (Figure 1(a,b)) ...... 3

3. Gt1 with a white band along the posterior margin (Figure (1b,f)) ...... L. albifasciatus sp. n. (male unknown) Gaster completely dark (Figure 1(a,e)) ...... L. albiclava sp. n. (male known)

Lasalleistichus albiclava, sp. n. (Figures 1(a,c–e), 2(a,d), 3(c))

Diagnosis. Mesoscutum ±ﬂat with engraved and weak reticulation (Figure 1(e)); fore and mid coxae completely white (Figure 1(a)); propodeum with weak reticulation (Figure 1(e)); petiole 1.3× as long as wide with two anterolateral spines, one on each side (Figure 1(e)); gaster completely dark (Figure 1(a,e)).

Description. Female holotype. Length 1.8 mm. Head. See description for genus. Mesosoma. Mesoscutum ±ﬂat with engraved weak reticulation; midlobe with a complete median groove. Mesoscutellum smooth between submedian grooves, lateral to grooves with very weak reticulation, partly smooth. Axillae smooth and shiny. Propodeum with weak reticulation throughout; callus with two setae. Fore wing with three setae on the dorsal surface of submarginal vein. Metasoma. Petiole anterolaterally with 1 + 1 spines. Gaster ovate; Gt2–4 smooth and shiny, Gt1 with anterior ⅓ and Gt5–7 completely with very ﬁne and weak reticulation.

Ratios. Head: w/l (dorsal view) 1.95; w/l (frontal view) 1.30; POL/OOL 1.88; posterior ocellus w/POL 2.27; head w/mss w 1.26; mouth w/MS 1.78; MS/HE 0.46; scape l/HE 0.87; distance toruli to anterior ocellus/toruli to mouth margin 1.0; ﬂg+ped l/mss w 1.61; scape l/w 4.25; F1 l/w 3.0; F2 l/w 1.75; F3 l/w 1.50; clava l/w 3.22; ped l/F1 l 0.71; F1 l/F2 l 1.71; F1 l/F3 l 2.0; F1 l/ clava l 0.83; F2 l/clava l 0.48; F3 l/clava l 0.41; F1 w/ped w 1.25; antennal spicule l/C3 l 0.27. Mesosoma: l/w 1.61; midlobe msc l/sct l 1.31; dorsellum l/ppd l 0.47; sct l/w 0.85; distance JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY 627 between smg anteriorly/posteriorly 0.55; part between smg w/part lateral of smg w (both measured medially) 2.71; part between smg l/w (width measured medially) 1.53; CC l/w 19.2; CC l/MV l 0.77; MV l/SV l 5.0. Metasoma: petiole l/w 1.33; gaster l/w 1.82; gaster l/mss l 1.24;

Gt7 l/w 0.40; longest cercal seta l/next longest cercal seta l 2.40.

Colour. Head reddish-brown to yellowish-brown, with vertex darker than frons (Figure 1(c,e)). Antennal scape yellowish-white with dorsal edge yellowish-brown, pedicel and F1–F3 dark brown, clava with C1 brown with apical part white, C2–C3 white (Figure 1(c)). Pronotum yellowish-brown; mesoscutum reddish-brown with weak metallic tinges; axillae yellowish-brown; mesoscutellum with the part between submedian lines dark reddish-brown and parts lateral to submedian lines dark brown; setae on pronotum, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum black (Figure 1(e)). Dorsellum and propodeum reddish-brown. Pleura reddish-brown with a weak metallic tinge (Figure 1(a)). Tegulae dark brown; wing venation yellowish-white; fore wing hyaline with median part distinctly infuscate (Figure 1(a)); hind wing completely hyaline. Legs (Figure 1(a)) with fore and hind coxae white, mid coxa dark brown; trochanters on fore and mid legs dark brown, white on hind leg; femora dark brown; fore tibia yellowish- brown, mid and hind tibiae dark brown; tarsi yellowish-brown. Petiole reddish-brown (Figure1(e)). Gaster dark brown (Figure 1(e)).

Variation. Length 1.5–2.1 mm. Thoracic dorsum, including propodeum and petiole, darker in some specimens, and sometimes also more metallic with a weak bluish tinge. Hind coxa sometimes with entire posterior surface dark brown. Reticulation on mesoscutum is stronger but still engraved in some specimens. Several specimens have four setae on the submarginal vein.

Male. Length 1.4–1.6 mm. Antenna with F1–F4 with subbasal whorls of setae, setae reaching beyond the apex of the corresponding ﬂagellomere (Figure 3(c)). Scape with ventral plaque situated apically (Figure 3(c)). Otherwise, similar to female.

Ratios. Head: w/l (dorsal view) 1.90; w/l (frontal view) 0.67; head w/mss w 0.63; mouth w/ MS 1.65; MS/HE 0.49; scape l/HE 0.94; ﬂg+ped l/mss w 1.88; scape l/w 3.30; scape l/plaque l 2.20; F1 l/w 2.50; F2 l/w 3.0; F3 l/w 2.83; F4 l/w 2.67; clava l/w 4.86; ped l/F1 l 1.07; F1 l/F2 l 0.83; F1 l/F3 l 0.88; F1 l/F4 l 0.94; F1 l/clava l 0.44; F2 l/clava l 0.53; F3 l/clava l 0.50; F4 l/ clava l 0.47; longest subbasal setae on F1 l/F1 l 1.73. Mesosoma: l/w 1.56. Metasoma: petiole l/w 1.25; gaster l/w 1.64; gaster l/mss l 0.92.

Colour. Similar to female but with entire antennal ﬂagellum dark (Figure 3(c)), thoracic dorsum excluding axillae black with metallic greenish tinges, axillae reddish-brown (Figure 2(d)), posterior surface of hind coxa dark brown. Plaque on scape with same pale colour as scape (Figure 3(c)), i.e. not dark as in most other tetrastichine genera.

Material examined. HOLOTYPE ♀ ‘COSTA RICA: Heredia, E.B. La Selva, 75 m, 10°26ʹ N 84°01ʹ W, 22–24.ii.2012, J.S. Noyes, BMNH (Ent) 2012–91’ in NHM. 84f# 3♂ PARATYPES (deposited in MZLU, MZUCR, NHM). 53♀ 2♂ from same locality as holotype but collected 22.i-2.ii.1991 (1♀), ii.1994 (1♀), iv.1994 (2♀), ii.1996 (1♀), 1.iii.1996 628 C. HANSSON

(1♀), 15.iii.1996 (1♀), iii.1996 (1♀), 30–31.ii.2002 (2♀), 27–28.ii.2003 (9♀), 23–24.ii.2005 (4♀ 1♂), 23.ii.2006 (1♀), 28–29.ii.2008 (5♀), 24–25.ii.2011 (6♀), 22–24.ii.2012 (4♀), 25. ii.2016 (2f# 1♂), 22.ii.2018 (12♀); 1♀ ‘COSTA RICA: Heredia, 11 km SE La Virgen, 450–550 m, 20.iii.2003, 05/M/18/038, INBio, OET, ALAS’;1♀ from same locality as previous but collected 23.ii-20.iv.2003; 2♀ ‘COSTA RICA: Alajuela, San Carlos, Sendero Pilón, 600 m, 4.viii-5.ix.2000, G. Carballo, MT, LN 457900/269100, #58461’;1♀ from same locality as previous but collected 6–14.xi.2000; 1♀ ‘COSTA RICA: Alajuela, San Carlos, R.F. Arenal, Stor la Península, 600 m, 17.vi.2000, G. Carballo, YPT, LN 271500/453800, #56556’;2♀ ‘COSTA RICA: Limón, Pococí, Colorado, Sct Cerro Cocorí, 30 km N Cariari, 100 m, 10.i-11.ii.1995, E. Rojas, MT, LN 567500/286000, #4507’;1♀ ‘COSTA RICA: Limón, Valle La Estrella, 100 m, 8. iv-15.v.1994, G. Carballo, MT, LN 184600/643300 #3142’;1♀ from same locality as previous but collected 8.viii-14.ix.1994; 1f# ‘COSTA RICA: Limón, Hitoy-Cerere, BR HQ, 14–18.i.1991, 100 m, J.S. Noyes’;2♀ ‘COSTA RICA: Limón, 4 km NE Bataam, x-xi.1999, P. Hanson’;4♀ ‘COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, P.N. Corcovado, Los Patos, 08°33ʹN 83°30ʹW, 200 m, ii.2000, MT&YPT, J.S. Noyes & J.A. Azofeifa’; following from same locality as previous but collected 1–9.iii.2000 (1♂), 21.ii.2002 (1♀); 9♀ ‘COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, Golﬁto, P.N. Corcovado, Est. Los Patos, Send. a Sirena, 100 m, 10.xi-26.xii.2000, J. Azofeifa, LS 514200/276500, #61192’; 1♀ ‘COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, P.N. Corcovado, 600 m S. de Cerro Rincón, 745 m, 23.iv-24. vi.2002, J. Azofeifa, LS 275300/521350, #70844’;1♀ ‘COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, R.F. Golfo Dulce, Estac. Agujas, Send. Trocha, 300 m, 18.viii-18.ix.2001, J. Azofeifa, MT, LS 276750/ 526550, #64515’;1♀ ‘COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, Los Charcos de Osa, 08°40ʹ N 83°30ʹ W, 50 m, 15–16.ii.2010, J.S. Noyes’;1♀ ‘COSTA RICA: San José, Zurqui de Moravia, 1600 m, x-xi.1991, P. Hanson, MT, LN 225700/534800, #3085’.

Distribution. Costa Rica.

Etymology. From the Latin albus = white, and clava = club, referring to the predominantly white antennal clava. Females of all species of Lasalleistichus have a white antennal clava, so this character is not unique for this species.

Lasalleistichus albifasciatus, sp. n. (Figure 1(b,f))

Diagnosis. Similar to L. albiclava but with midlobe of mesoscutum convex with strong reticulation (Figure 1(f)); propodeum with strong reticulation (Figure 1(f)); Gt1 with a white band along posterior margin (Figure 1(b,f)); petiole shorter, 1.0× as long as wide (Figure 1(f)); gaster longer, 1.9× as long as wide, and more pointed at apex (Figure 1(f)).

Description. Female holotype. Length 1.7 mm. Head. See description for genus. Mesosoma. Mesoscutum convex, sidelobes with very weak reticulation, midlobe with engraved and strong reticulation; midlobe with median groove indicated in posterior ½. Mesoscutellum with very ﬁne and weak reticulation between submedian grooves, lateral to grooves with strong reticulation. Axillae with very weak reticulation. Propodeum with strong reticulation throughout; callus with three setae. Fore wing with four setae on the dorsal surface of submarginal vein. Metasoma. Petiole without JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY 629

distinct lateral spines. Gaster ovate-elongate; Gt1–2 smooth and shiny, Gt3–7 with very ﬁne and weak reticulation.

Ratios. Head: w/l (dorsal view) 1.95; w/l (frontal view) 1.32; POL/OOL 1.52; posterior ocellus w/POL 2.0; head w/mss w 1.28; mouth w/MS 1.56; MS/HE 0.43; scape l/HE 0.71; distance toruli to anterior ocellus/toruli to mouth margin 1.14; ﬂg+ped l/mss w 1.59; scape l/w 3.75; F1 l/w 3.14; F2 l/w 2.13; F3 l/w 1.75; clava l/w 3.11; ped l/F1 l 0.86; F1 l/F2 l 1.29; F1 l/F3 l 1.57; F1 l/clava l 0.79; F2 l/clava l 0.61; F3 l/clava l 0.50; F1 w/ped w 1.17; antennal spicule l/C3 l 0.27. Mesosoma: l/w 1.56; midlobe msc l/scutellum l 1.33; dorsellum l/ppd l 0.39; sct l/w 0.88; distance between smg anteriorly/posteriorly 0.70; part between smg w/ part lateral of smg w (both measured medially) 2.71; part between smg l/w (width measured medially) 1.58; CC l/w 16.7; CC l/MV l 0.78; MV l/SV l 5.33. Metasoma: petiole l/w 1.0; gaster l/w 1.88; gaster l/mss l 1.28; Gt7 l/w 0.56; longest cercal seta l/next longest cercal seta l 2.67.

Colour. Head yellowish-brown (Figure 1(b,f)), with vertex slightly darker than frons. Antennal scape yellowish-white with dorsal edge yellowish-brown, pedicel and F1–F3 dark brown, clava with C1 brown with apical part white, C2–C3 white (Figure 1(b)). Pronotum, mesoscutum and axillae yellowish-brown (Figure 1(f)); mesoscutellum dark brown with anterolateral part dark yellowish-brown; setae on pronotum, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum black. Dorsellum dark yellowish-brown. Propodeum dark brown. Pro- and mesopleura yellowish-brown, metapleuron dark brown (Figure 1(b)). Tegulae dark brown; wing venation yellowish-white; fore wing hyaline with median part distinctly infuscate (Figure 1(b,f)); hind wing completely hyaline. Legs with fore and hind coxae white, mid coxa yellowish-brown; trochanters on fore and mid legs brown, white on hind leg; femora and tibiae dark brown; tarsi yellowish-brown (Figure 1(b)). Petiole reddish- brown. Gaster dark brown with posterior margin of Gt1 white (Figure 1(f)).

Variation. Length 1.5–1.8 mm. One paratype with three setae on the dorsal surface of submarginal vein, another paratype with anterior one-half of midlobe mesoscutum dark brown, and another paratype with four setae on propodeal callus.

Material examined. HOLOTYPE ♀ ‘PERU: Madre de Dios, Rio Tambopata Res., 30 km SW Puerto Maldonado, 290 m, x.1983, N.E. Stork’ in NHM. 7♀ PARATYPES.4♀ with same label data as holotype (NHM); 1♀ ‘COSTA RICA: Limón, Hitoy- Cerere, BR HQ, 14–18.i.1991, 100 m, J.S. Noyes’ (NHM); 1♀ ‘COSTA RICA: Heredia, E.B. La Selva, 10°26ʹ N 84°01ʹ W, 27–28.ii.2003, J.S. Noyes’ (NHM); 1♀ ‘COSTA RICA: Limón, Valle La Estrella, R.B. Hitoy Cerere, 100 m, 8.viii-14.ix.1994, G. Carballo, MT, LN 184900/643400 #3235’ (MZUCR).

Distribution. Costa Rica, Peru.

Etymology. From the Latin albus = white, and fascia = band, referring to the white band on Gt1. 630 C. HANSSON

Lasalleistichus fuscicoxa, sp. n. (Figure 2(b,e))

Diagnosis. Similar to L. albiclava but with fore coxa completely dark brown (Figure 2(b)) and midlobe of mesoscutum more convex (Figure 2(e)).

Description. Female holotype. Length 1.7 mm. Head. See description for genus. Mesosoma. Mesoscutum convex, sidelobes with very weak reticulation, midlobe with engraved and strong reticulation; midlobe with a median groove in posterior 4/5. Mesoscutellum and axillae smooth and shiny, without reticulation. Propodeum with weak reticulation throughout; callus with three setae. Fore wing with four setae on the dorsal surface of submarginal vein. Metasoma. Petiole without lateral spines, dorsal surface with strong longitudinal carinae. Gaster ovate-elongate; tergites smooth and shiny.

Ratios. Head: w/l (dorsal view) 2.11; w/l (frontal view) 1.29; POL/OOL 1.67; posterior ocellus w/POL 2.27; head w/mss w 1.25; mouth w/MS not measurable; MS/HE 0.40; scape l/HE 0.80; distance toruli to anterior ocellus/toruli to mouth margin 1.07; ﬂg+ped l/mss w 1.63; scape l/w 4.57; F1 l/w 3.25; F2 l/w 1.88; F3 l/w 1.63; clava l/w 3.10; ped l/F1 l 0.77; F1 l/F2 l 1.73; F1 l/F3 l 2.0; F1 l/clava l 0.84; F2 l/clava l 0.48; F3 l/clava l 0.42; F1 w/ped w 1.33; antennal spicule l/C3 l 0.25. Mesosoma: l/w 1.56; midlobe msc l/sct l 1.27; dorsellum l/ppd l 0.50; sct l/w 0.88; distance between smg anteriorly/posteriorly 0.59; part between smg w/part lateral of smg w (both measured medially) 3.80; part between smg l/w (width measured medially) 1.57; CC l/w 19.2; CC l/MV l 0.78; MV l/SV l 4.92.

Metasoma: petiole l/w 1.0; gaster l/w 1.72; gaster l/mss l 1.10; Gt7 l/w 0.53; longest cercal seta l/next longest cercal seta l 2.0.

Colour. Head yellowish-brown, with vertex slightly darker than frons (Figure 2(b)). Antennal scape yellowish-white with dorsal edge yellowish-brown, pedicel and F1–F3 dark brown, clava with C1 brown with apical part white, C2–C3 white (Figure 2(b)). Pronotum yellowish-brown (Figure 2(e)); mesoscutum dark brown with metallic blue tinges; axillae dark yellowish-brown; mesoscutellum very dark brown, almost black; setae on pronotum, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum black. Dorsellum dark brown. Propodeum very dark brown, almost black. Pleura dark reddish-brown (Figure 2(b)). Tegulae dark brown; wing venation yellowish-white; fore wing hyaline with median part distinctly infuscate (Figure 2(b,e)); hind wing completely hyaline. Legs (Figure 2(b)) with fore and mid coxae dark brown, hind coxa white with postero-apical one-half dark brown; trochanters, femora and tibiae dark brown; tarsi yellowish-brown. Petiole dark yellowish- brown (Figure 2(e)). Gaster dark brown (Figure 2(e)).

Material examined. HOLOTYPE ♀ ‘COSTA RICA: Limón, P.N. Cahuita, 2 m, 9°43ʹ N 82°49ʹ W, 27.ii.2008, J.S. Noyes, BMNH(Ent) 2010–21’ in NHM.

Distribution. Costa Rica. JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY 631

Etymology. From the Latin fuscus = dark, and coxa = hip, referring to dark brown fore coxae.

Lasalleistichus longicaulis, sp. n. (Figures 2(c), 3(d))

Diagnosis. Similar to L. albiclava but petiole longer, 2.2× as long as wide (Figure 3(d)).

Description. Female holotype. Length 1.8 mm. Head. See description for genus. Mesosoma. Mesoscutum convex, sidelobes with very weak reticulation, midlobe with engraved and strong reticulation in anterior ¾, with very weak reticulation in posterior ¼; midlobe with a ± complete median groove. Mesoscutellum smooth between submedian grooves, lateral to grooves with very weak reticulation, partly smooth. Axillae smooth and shiny. Propodeum with weak reticulation throughout; callus with three setae. Fore wing with four setae on the dorsal surface of submarginal vein. Metasoma. Petiole with 1 + 1 spines anterolaterally. Gaster ovate; tergites smooth and shiny.

Ratios. Head: w/l (dorsal view) 1.96; w/l (frontal view) 1.21; POL/OOL 1.64; posterior ocellus w/POL 2.14; head w/mss w 1.27; mouth w/MS 1.73; MS/HE 0.49; scape l/HE 0.89; distance toruli to anterior ocellus/toruli to mouth margin 1.09; ﬂg+ped l/mss w 1.54; scape l/w 4.44; F1 l/w 3.11; F2 l/w 1.80; F3 l/w 1.40; clava l/w 3.0; ped l/F1 l 0.79; F1 l/F2 l 1.56; F1 l/ F3 l 2.0; F1 l/clava l 0.93; F2 l/clava l 0.60; F3 l/clava l 0.47; F1 w/ped w 1.29; antennal spicule l/C3 l 0.40. Mesosoma: l/w 1.68; midlobe msc l/sct l 1.26; dorsellum l/ppd l 0.40; sct l/w 0.95; distance between smg anteriorly/posteriorly 0.62; part between smg w/part lateral of smg w (both measured medially) 2.75; part between smg l/w (width measured medially) 1.73; CC l/w 32.0; CC l/MV l 0.82; MV l/SV l 5.57. Metasoma: petiole l/w 2.24; gaster l/w 1.74; gaster l/mss l 0.95; Gt7 l/w 0.42; longest cercal seta l/next longest cercal seta l 3.0.

Colour. Head yellowish-brown (Figure 2(c)), frons paler below the level of toruli. Antennal scape yellowish-white with dorsal edge yellowish-brown, pedicel dark yellowish-brown, F1–F3 dark brown, clava with C1 brown with apical part white, C2–C3 white (Figure 2(c)). Pronotum, mesoscutum and axillae yellowish-brown; mesoscutellum dark yellowish-brown with parts adjacent to submedian grooves black; setae on pronotum, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum black (Figure 3(d)). Dorsellum yellowish-brown. Propodeum dark yellowish-brown. Pleura dark yellowish-brown (Figure 2(c)). Tegulae dark brown; wing venation yellowish-white; fore wing hyaline with median part distinctly infuscate (Figure 2(c)); hind wing completely hyaline. Legs (Figure 2(c)) with fore coxa white with apical one-third dark brown, mid coxa brown, hind coxa white with posterior surface dark brown; trochanters on fore and mid legs dark yellowish-brown, white on hind leg; femora and tibiae dark yellowish-brown; fore tarsus dark yellowish- brown, mid and hind tarsi yellowish-white with tarsomere 4 dark yellowish-brown. Petiole dark yellowish-brown (Figure 3(d)). Gaster dark brown, posterior one-half almost black (Figure 3(d)). 632 C. HANSSON

Variation. Length 1.6–2.1 mm. Paratypes with femora and tibiae dark brown. Mesoscutellum and pleura dark brown in two paratypes. Propodeal callus with two setae in one paratype.

Material examined. HOLOTYPE ♀ ‘BRAZIL: Bahia Fazenda, Matiapa Camara, 14.x.1978, F. Benton’ in NHM. 5♀ PARATYPES.1♀ ‘BRAZIL: Bahia Mucari, x.1978, F. Benton’ (NHM); 3♀ ‘PERU: Madre de Dios, Rio Tambopata Res., 30 km SW Puerto Maldonado, 290 m, 3–16.x.1983, N.E. Stork’ (NHM); 1♀ from the same locality as previous but collected x.1983 (NHM).

Distribution. Brazil, Peru.

Etymology. From the Latin caulis = stem, stalk, referring to the very long petiole.

Discussion Even though the Neotropical fauna of Tetrastichinae is poorly investigated it is safe to conclude that the genus treated here is very diﬀerent from any known groups of the subfamily from the Americas. Species of Tetrastichinae with fore wing partly to almost completely infuscate are very rare altogether. In the Americas, it occurs only in two genera, Palmistichus Delvare & LaSalle and Paraspalangia Ashmead (Delvare and LaSalle 1993; LaSalle 1994). The type species of Palmistichus, P. elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle, does not have infuscation in the fore wing, this occurs only in the other known species in the genus, P. ixtlilxochitli (Girault) (Figure 3(a)). Palmistichus has setae scattered all over midlobe of mesoscutum, mesoscutellum with submedian grooves parallel and with anterior pair of setae attached in the anterior part of mesoscutellum, petiole transverse (Delvare and LaSalle 1993). Lasalleistichus has 3 + 3 setae on midlobe of mesoscutum attached close to notauli, mesoscutellum with submedian grooves strongly diverging towards posterior part and with both pairs of setae attached in the posterior part of mesoscutellum, petiole at least as long as wide. Paraspalangia has fore wing infuscate with a narrow hyaline stripe from stigmal vein to posterior margin of wing, and with parastigma swollen (see ﬁg. 138 in LaSalle 1994). None of these features are present in Lasalleistichus. Lasalleistichus is habitually similar to Agmostigma from South-East Asia (Ubaidillah and LaSalle 1996) (Figure 3(b)). Species of Agmostigma have entire apical two-thirds of fore wing infuscate, a subocular triangular fovea, occipital margin strongly carinate, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with very strong reticulation, mesoscutellum with distinctly curved submedian grooves, propodeum with median carina X- or Y-shaped with anterior arms forming a large triangular enclosed area (Ubaidillah and LaSalle 1996). Lasalleistichus shares none of these features.

Acknowledgements

I am indebted to John S. Noyes (NHM) and Paul Hanson (MZUCR) for letting me examining and include their material, and to Natalie Dale-Skey (NHM) for logistical help at NHM. JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY 633

Disclosure statement

No potential conﬂict of interest was reported by the author.

References

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