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Prohibition and Crime February 2010 Central Illinois Teaching with Primary Sources Newsletter Prohibition and Crime February 2010 Central Illinois Teaching with Primary Sources Newsletter EASTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY EDWARDSVILLE Crime Wave: Prohibition and CONTACTS Crime • Melissa Carr [email protected] Editor • Cindy Rich [email protected] • Amy Wilkinson [email protected] INSIDE THIS ISSUE: Topic Introduction 2 Connecting to Illinois 3 Learn More with 4 American Memory In the Classroom 5 Test Your Knowledge 6 Images Sources 7 eiu.edu/~eiutps/newsletter Page 2 Prohibition Crime Wave: Prohibition and Crime Welcome to the 28th issue of the Central Illinois America found this a difficult law to enforce. Police Teaching with Primary Sources Newsletter a funding increased to $11.4 million and arrest for collaborative project of Teaching with Primary Sources prohibition law violations increased 102%. Most alarming Programs at Eastern Illinois University and Southern was the 591% increase in federal conviction resulting in Illinois University Edwardsville. This school year we want a prison population that exploded by 366%. to bring you topics that connect to the Illinois Learning Serious crimes not only increased, but the criminals Standards as well as provide you with amazing items became organized. When alcohol was no longer from the Library of Congress. available, people turned to gangsters with a ready Prohibition or crime is not specifically mentioned in the supply. Bootleg alcohol became the fuel of organized ISBE Learning Standards. However, items pertaining to crime fueling growth to spread into other areas such as the 1920’s are mentioned specifically for the following gambling, loan sharking, prostitution, assassinations and Illinois Learning Standards (found within goal, standard, later into labor racketeering, illegal drugs and human benchmark, or performance descriptors). 14-Understand trafficking. political systems with an emphasis on the United States. February 20, 1933, Congress passed the Twenty-First 15-Understand economic systems with an emphasis on Amendment which brought prohibition to an end. The the United States. 16-Understand events, trends, debate over prohibition continues. Every day, 32 people individuals and movements shaping the history of Illinois, in the United States die in motor vehicle crashes that the United States and other nations. involve an alcohol-impaired driver. This amounts to one “The reign of tears is over. The slums will soon be a death every 45 minutes. memory. We will turn our prisons into factories and our University of Albany. Accessed 11.9.09 http:// jails into storehouses and corn cribs. Men will walk www.albany.edu/~wm731882/organized_crime1_final.html upright now, women will smile and children will laugh. Law Library-American Law and Legal Information. Accessed Hell will be forever for rent.” Reverend Bill Sunday on 11.09.09 http://law.jrank.org/pages/11944/Organized-Crime- prohibition. Many believed that prohibition would solve American-Mafia.html all of America’s problems and create a utopia. Digital History. Accessed 11.09.09 http:// Unfortunately, it did quite the opposite spawning www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm? bootleggers and organized crime. On January 17, 1920 HHID=441 the Eighteenth Amendment was added to the CDC. Accessed 1.14.10 http://www.cdc.gov/ Constitution and prohibition officially became a law. motorvehiclesafety/impaired_driving/impaired- drv_factsheet.html Vote “NO” on the Prohibition Amendment Library of Congress American Memory Prohibition blues, 1917 Library of Congress American memory eiu.edu/~eiutps/newsletter Prohibition Page 3 Connecting to Illinois In the 1920’s, Chicago became known for organized defeated, the legislature debated prohibition again in crime. The “Chicago Syndicate” was the country’s largest 1917 where it passed the Senate but was defeated in and most powerful organized crime operation. One of the the House. most notorious gangsters, Al Capone, was crime boss of Prohibition devastated the brewing industry. Before the Chicago Syndicate. There were many attempts on prohibition, St. Louis had 22 breweries. Only nine Capone’s life, all were unsuccessful but Capone proved reopened after prohibition. Anheiser-Busch survived very capable of taking out his enemies. prohibition by making ice cream, near beer, corn syrup, The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre is considered one of ginger ale, root beer, yeast, malt extract, refrigerated Capone’s most notorious killings. To eliminate rival gang cabinets and automobile and truck bodies. leader George “Bugs” Moran, Capone sent members of After prohibition was repealed by the Twenty-First his gang dressed as police to assassinate Moran. Amendment on February 20, 1933, it didn’t mean the Capone’s men fired over 150 bullets into six members of end of prohibition for some in Illinois. Twelve cities and Moran’s North Side gang. It was widely believed Al 47 precincts in Chicago retained local prohibition. Capone was responsible for these killings, but Capone had an alibi as he was in Florida at the time. Capone’s Chicago History Museum. Accessed 11.09.09 http:// www.chicagohs.org/history/capone.html plan didn’t achieve the objective as the target, “Bugs” Moran was across the street at the time of the murders. Riverweb. Accessed 11.09.09 http://riverweb.cet.uiuc.edu/ Archives/vignettes/culture/Prohibition-Kulturkampf.html Before prohibition was passed into law in 1920, Illinois FBI Accessed 11.09.09 http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/ had already been pursuing prohibition laws. Illinois’ massacre.htm struggle toward prohibition began in 1907 with Rev. Clay Daumer of Danville introducing an amendment for Digital History. Accessed 11.09.09 Http:// statewide prohibition. Although the amendment was www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm? HHID=441 Re-enactment of St. Valentine’s Day massacre from the film “The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre”, showing man shooting gangsters. Library of Congress American Memory Two “mug shots” of Al Capone, half-length Bodies of gangsters lying on a portraits, one facing front, the other facing Chicago garage floor following the right. St. Valentine’s Day massacre Library of Congress Library of Congress American Memory Prints and Photographs eiu.edu/~eiutps/newsletter Page 4 Prohibition Learn more with American memory collections Photographs from the Chicago Daily News: 1902-1933 http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpcoop/ichihtml/ cdnhome.html William F. Waugh In publication during prohibition, The Chicago Daily News facing Al Capone collection holds numerous photos from this time period. Library of Congress Images include people who played an important part in American Memory prohibition in Chicago with a small amount showing raids on warehouses. Prohibition created a greater demand for alcohol which created great profits for those who supplied contraband liquor. Organized crime answered the call with a ready supply of alcohol. Photographs of Chicago crime boss Al Capone and the St. Valentine’s Day massacre are found in this collection. Library of Congress, American Memory Accessed 11.09.09 Music for the Nation: American Sheet Music 1870-1885 The African-American Experience in Ohio 1850-1920 http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/smhtml/smhome.html http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award97/ohshtml/ This collection offers a number of songs reflecting social aaeohome.html concerns over the potential dangers of alcohol. While Newspapers tell the story of prohibition in this collection. songs such as The Temperance Army portray the Articles singing the praises of prohibition, those against movement as a religious one, others such as The prohibition and moonshiners who plead guilty were some Drunkards Daughter reflect social problems caused by of the topics in Ohio newspapers. These newspaper alcohol. The sheet music in this collection was published clippings give insight into America’s feelings and actions before prohibition became law. This proves that the idea while living through prohibition. Articles favoring of temperance was gaining support as early as the prohibition, against prohibition and consequences of 1800’s. those who chose to break the prohibition law are Library of Congress, Teacher’s Page, Collection Connection, abundant in this collection. Accessed 11.18.09 Library of Congress, American Memory Accessed 11.09.09 The lips that touch liquor, shall never touch mine/by Geo. T. Evans Library of Congress American Memory Raids and Fights in War on Moonshine Library of Congress American Memory eiu.edu/~eiutps/newsletter Prohibition Page 5 In the classroom: Lesson plans activities and resources Today in History Teacher’s Page http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/ http://www.loc.gov/teachers/ index.html Presentations October 28, 1919: Temperance and American Memory Timeline: Prohibition http://memory.loc.gov/ Progressive Era to New Era – ammem/today/oct28.html Prohibition: A Case Study of Wise Guide Progressive Reform http:// http://www.loc.gov/wiseguide www.loc.gov/teachers/ July 2006: Very Dry Years http:// classroommaterials/ www.loc.gov/wiseguide/jul06/dry.html presentationsandactivities/ presentations/timeline/progress/ prohib/prohib.html Prints and Photographs Collection Connections The Dry Years http://www.loc.gov/rr/ Photographs from the Chicago Daily print/list/073_dry.html News 1902-1933—Prohibition http:// www.loc.gov/teachers/ classroommaterials/connections/photos -chicago/history4.html Music for the Nation: American Sheet Music, ca. 1820-1860—The Temperance Movement http:// www.loc.gov/teachers/ classroommaterials/connections/sheet-
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