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International Journal of Education, Information Technology and Others (IJEIT) Vol International Journal of Education, Information Technology and Others (IJEIT) https://jurnal.peneliti.net/index.php/IJEIT Vol. 4, No. 3, August 2021 Choice Theory and Reality Therapy to Prevent Sexual Misconduct among Youth: A Current Review of Literature Izzah Supeni1, Ahmad Jazimin Jusoh2* 1,2Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia *Corresponding author: [email protected] Article Info Abstract: Article History: Choice Theory and Reality Therapy (CTRT) has been used Received: June 29, 2021 widely in educational context to stimulate students` behaviors Revised: July 28, 2021 by giving them freedom and responsibility to make a valuable Published: August 2021 decision for their lives. This study aims to identify some e-ISSN: 2623-2324 relevant current literatures related to CTRT to prevent sexual p-ISSN: 2654-2528 misconduct among youth. The methodology used in this study DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174502 is qualitative by using literature approach in searching, selecting, analyzing, and reporting several previous research studies. The study shows that the implementation of five basic needs, namely: survival, love and belonging, power, freedom, and fun in CTRT may help to prevent sexual misconduct among the youth. This study recommends for further study that it should be created a CTRT module for preventing sexual misconduct that can be used by school counsellors and practitioners for helping young generation to gain their normal life among their communities` members. Keyword: Choice theory, Reality therapy, Sexual misconduct INTRODUCTION In his book, Ahmad (2016) shared a useful information and experience to his readers how to curb social issues and phenomena these days related to sexual behaviour. He is a practitioner of Choice Theory Reality Therapy (CTRT) and has received training on addiction and sexual abuse at The Counsellor Team, Vasudev Nursing Home in New Delhi. He helped us to understand the psychology of sexuality, sexual addiction, patterns of sexual perpetrators, symptoms of adolescent sexuality, theory, and treatment of sexual behaviour through western and Islamic approaches. He also explained the concept of amar makruf nahi mungkar in behaviour of sexuality, parental guidance on dealing with adolescent sex problems, and inventories that curb adolescent sexuality. This book is suitable to be read that it can be 428 practiced by psychologists, counsellors, teachers, and parents in facing the social phenomena such as homosexuality, lesbianism, transgenderism, prostitution, incest, and dangerous motorcycle riding. We need to return to spirituality as the main condition of restoring habits that are perverse towards eternal well -being. William Glasser is a founder of choice theory and reality therapy (Wubbolding, 2017). His innovations for individual counselling, work and school environments, highlight personal choice, personal responsibility and personal transformation. Glasser positioned himself as a leading opponent of conventional psychiatry, which focused his attention on classifying psychiatric syndromes as a “disease” and prescribing psychotropic medications to treat mental disorders. Based on his extensive clinical experience, Glasser applies his theory to broader social issues, such as education, management, and marriage. As an advocate, Glasser warns the general public about the potential loss caused by the older generation of psychiatrists, who practice traditional patient diagnoses such as mental illness (brain disorders) and prescription medications. In his view, patients are just launching their unhappiness and lack meaningful personal relationships with important people in their lives. Glasser advocates educating the general public on mental health issues i.e. offers, a post-modern framework for finding and following healthy therapeutic directions. Reality Therapy is widely used by overseas counsellors to help solve clients ’problems. The problematic behaviors can be reduced with reality therapy based on certain procedures (Jusoh, 2018). The effectiveness of control theory based on reality therapy in dealing with the crisis of students losing control and it is a very suitable and easy to apply approach on individual or cluster clients. It covers in schools, rehabilitation centres, drug or alcohol treatment (Wubbolding & Brickell, 2017)). Furthermore, Seligman and Reichenberg (2007) said that reality therapy can be applied to clients who are substance abusive, depressed, low self-esteem, bullied, victims of domestic violence, family conflict, adjustment disorders, high anxiety, emotional disorders, impulse control disorders, behavioral disorders. behavioral, bipolar disorder and psychotic disorder. Reality Therapy can be applied to all clients as all individuals have basic needs regardless of religion, culture and race. This study aims to identify the use of CTRT in preventing sexual misconduct among youth. Several relevant literatures related to sexual misconduct these days need to be analysed to find out the new pattern of the negative habit sexuality. Choice theory may provide the youth to make rational decision on their live to not participate in sexual misconduct. Meanwhile reality therapy can help the youth who has psychological problems related to their sex behaviour. METHODOLGY This study used qualitative method by analyzing several literatures from previous studies related to sexual misconduct among youth. There are search strategies, selecting process, analytical documents and writing reports of current literatures regarding this topic. According to Snyder (2019), this method may be used to identify the relevant articles to review based on characteristics required. The CTRT approach will be analysed to prevent sexual misconduct by integrating some constructs of five individual basic needs in guidance and counselling sessions. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Choice Theory and Reality Therapy Choice Theory and Reality Therapy were founded by William Glasser. He was a clinical psychologist born in Cleveland Ohio, California on May 11, 1925. Reality Therapy began to be recognized for producing therapeutic products. Through the use of this therapy by Glasser on delinquent women and treatment by Harrington’s supervisors on chronic psychotic patients (Glasser & Zunin, 1979). Glasser had broken traditions in counseling and psychotherapy 429 models when building his own counseling model in the early 1960s (Howatt, 2001). He rejects the Freudian concept which is said to emphasize the concept of mental illness without assessing the internal psychology of the client (Wubbolding, 1990). In addition, Reality Therapy which is based on Choice Theory, Reality therapists believe that most clients have the same problem where they are dissatisfied about the current relationship. Most client problems are caused by an inability to connect with others, get close to others or gain a satisfying relationship with at least one significant individual in his or her life. Therapy will guide the client toward achieving a satisfying relationship and teach them to behave more effectively than their current behavior. The stronger the client is in relation to others, the higher his chances of experiencing happiness (Corey, 2018; Siang, Nurdin & Robinson, 2019). Glasser has produced many books that are sources of reference. The first book he produced was Mental Health or Mental Illness which was the basis for the techniques and concepts of Reality Therapy. She developed Reality Therapy by running programs at The Girls` School in Ventura, California when he was a staff member at the school. Her book entitled Reality Therapy: A New Approach of Psychiatry became increasingly famous because in the book contained Glasser's experience handling cases at the girls' school. The book has raised his name in line with other counselling psychotherapy figures and Glasser expressed his appreciation to his most beloved teacher, G.L Harrington who has given him encouragement and support (Jusoh, Rahman, Bistamam, & Arip, 2011). According to Glasser (2007), conflict arises when what the individual wants quality world is not the same as what the individual can the perceived world. The client will make a choice based on pleasure and pain through a balance scale (comparing place) that exists in him. This will affect the total behavior which includes aspects of behavior, thinking, feelings and physiology (Siang, Sukardjo, Salenussa, Sudrajat, & Khasanah, 2020). Therefore, these teenagers need to be helped with the individual counselling process to improve their lives. Researchers recommend Choice Theory Reality Therapy (CTRT) Individual Counselling for adolescents with sexual behavior problems at the Baitul Ehsan Women's Shelter. Indirectly, these adolescents can achieve psychological well -being in their lives. Corey (2018) also states that the priority of therapy is to teach clients to make more effective choices while they are together with important individuals in their lives. Choice Theory describes how to choose ways to behave that can improve relationships. By teaching clients Choice Theory (Choice Theory) is also one of the parts of Reality Therapy (Reality Therapy). Choice theory emphasizes that individual behavior comes entirely from the inner world of the individual himself. The external world does not affect the individual, if the individual prioritizes their own needs (Siang, Hasan, & Tamhir, 2019). Everyone has a different way of meeting their basic needs. Sexual Misconduct among Youth A study conducted by Huda (2015) discussed sexual
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