News

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. Zimbabwe' has won the Common• In HIS Second State of the Mation ad• The drought and powwty stricken Ch^ wealth song contest against 55 other dress last December President Mugabe vl District in Masvingo may soon be entries. The young Zimbabwean mu• said the political and economic rescued fromthi s situation fcdlowmg sical group. Christians Against Racial atmosphere the construction of dams which would DisCnmination,(C/«lD), won the Com- of the nation is very soundy and supply water to this arid land which mwiwealth song competition with healthy and said Zimbabwe goe^ into falls under natural farming region tfjeir number, 'Our Rainbow' 1990 with hope and confidencei four page 40 ^-pagelS -page 31

CONTENTS ,|pN thre«t«a«d «s clampdown on Khool's costs bcf^s Editorial ... 2 ' Letter to the Editor . . 3 • fMe general woAers at St Peters Editor's Message . . . . ' XtAatana, aeKondary School are ^ * i^ir^i pay rise, the school's- Unity Accord ends Division .. ... 5 !Qf ttustees is waiting for an ap- President Afmoupces Presidium of National Congress _ . 6 Itiom the Ministry of l,abour, ' . wer Ptannmg and Social Wei; Kmneth Kftuiwia, Bub Poet Extraoidjnainr'..,! .„ 7-. fatt to retrench twenty and.... Congress Showerpd wfeh Messa^ l.,x..sJt^.:!:4.^.~-^ ^ 8 27 " " • P9ge Central Committee and Politburo of 2ANU PF Announced . , . . - 9 Party, iSovernment Work Together ... . . j .. ., . . 10 Resolutions of the ZANU PF National People's Congress .. 12' Unity Must Forcefully Permeate the Entirety of Zimbabwe 18. The State of the Nation ".. 19 / ^pdtd Committee and PoUtburo of Hie President's National Tree Planting Day Massage 2%' • ;ZAKU. Announced ZANU PF Members of the Politburo . . ... y 22 Social Welfare Problems Still Biting •> 241 "rtie national fseople's congress has ; ^ms up vyith 160 members of the Pasipamire on War Veterans Association. - . 25" •' 'new 2ANU PF Centra! Committee and Ac«piBr« Skills to fight InjusticjB ... . . J.. ...i, + .1, 26 inembers of the Politburo, Jobs Threatened as Clampdown ori School's Cost Begins 27 1 page 9 Shandlsai Pfungwa Co-operative Moves Into Cookings Oil. Production 28 Co-operative Needs Help ^.^ .. • ^ -iii; 30 Dam Construction in Chi»i — The Only Solution to end liroi^ht 31. American Aggression Against Panama , . 32 Pressure Groups Launched to Educate Rural Consumers OH Rights 33 lAiib^ Most Fm-twiiiliy Permeate the . EDtirety of Zimbabwe, Says Perestroika — Way of Restructuring the Economy .'. , ,. 34 Pnraiitsiift Zimbabwe Needs a Polrce Force of High Calibre , 36 Peace, Stability Entitlement for tkath and Squth., 37 file National People's Congress held South Aiiica Adopts Extra-Ugai Violence to Contain Actjvtsts „ 39 from December 18-22, 1989 came ' after intensive pr^^jatuftis which in- Zimbabwe Wins Commonwealth Song Co/ti^^ 40 ' dudfldamorgjothra-things joint Cen iBt^naUonaj Concert Pianist"Waf^ i 41 ttsi Cwimittee meetings trf tl&e old S«inyika Speaks on th« «(jK}4^^p|n^|pier^.^,^^„^. 42 ZANU »PS( and PF-ZAKJ I9a9, Vear of Blues for HUgidandtes. ''^ ^^"^ 43 page 20 The, Poet Says 44 lisd

Zimbabwe News is the official Organ of the Zimbabwe African National Union [ZANU PF 1 and is produced on the authority of the Central Committee by the Department of Inforrnation and Publicity, Jongwe Printing and Publishing Co., No. 14 Austin JONGWE Road, Workington, Harare. World Copyright, Central Committee [ZANU PF ].

Editorial Council: Cde. N.M. Shamuyarira; Cde. C. Chumitengwende; Cde. C. Ndhlovu; Cde. S. Kachingwe; Cde. A. SII

Pictures by: The Zimbabwe News, Ministry of Information and Zimpapers

ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY. 1990 1 EDITORIAL National Unity and National Elections

The achievement of national unity at the first congress The internal democracy of the party must be strength of the united ZANU PF party in Harare last month was ened by ensuring that those who are elected to hold a m^or victory for our people, our party, and our lead• high offices in the provinces truly enjoy the support ers. We congratulated them on this victory then, and of all the people. The wish and the will of the people we repeat those words again this month. The task must be respected, and be seen to be effected. ahead of us now is to cement and consolidate that unity in our daily lives. We should work together as General Elections one people, and one nation, in the villages, the mines, The fifth and final session of the second Parliament the farms, the factories, the offices, the cities, and in• of Zimbabwe is now meeting in Harare. General deed everywhere, in a supreme effort to make unity parliamentary elections will be held in the next few a reality. The organs of the party — cells, branches, months. The provincial councils should begin the districts, and provinces — should reach out for the process of identifying possible candidates for selec• membership and participation of every Zimbabwean tion. Unfettered internal democracy must be exercised and bring them into the party in a meaningful way. < in all provinces, and at all levels, again to ensure that There is room for all our people to contribute ideas the will and wi^h of the people is fully and freely ex• to the policies of the party, and the programmes of pressed. No candidate should be imposed on any the government. province, or constituency, by either the national or provincial leaderships. No one Should put any politi• Disunity and social conflict would have played cal brakes in order to stop the advancement of a popu• straight into the hands of the enemies of Zimbabwe. lar candidate who has grassroots support. In short, The eu-ch-enemy on our southern border, the Repub• the selection of parliamentary candidates must be lic of South Africa, has seized every conceivable op• open and fair, as we did in the previous two general portunity to divide our young nation on racial, tribal elections. or ethnic grounds, in its continuing effort to distabi- lise our nation. They have failed to achieve their ob• Those who have the onerous responsibilit/ of select• jective. Their local agent, the so-called ZUM, has con• ing parliamentary candidates must also ensure that tinued in its futile efforts to divide the people, and they select men and women with a good record of to sow seeds of dissension and disalfection among loyalty and service to the party. At election time, we the people. The so-called ZUM is led by disgruntled, should not be deceived by persons who come to our reckless, and incompetent men who want to shed the offices to sing praises of tJie party just because they blood of innocent people in Zimbabwe for no appar• want positions in Parliament or in the provincial coun• ent reason. Their only objective is to get money for cils at this time. The candidates must be judged and themselves from the enemies of Zimbabwe. The real assessed purely on their record of actions in the past, unity of the people achieved at the Congress is a se• not on the fine words of today. More importantly, the vere blow to ^eternal enemies of Zimbabwe, and their candidates must also be men and women with suffi• local agents. Not many people will be wanting to join cient knowledge of Zimbabwean affairs to be able to in his political graveyard of ZUM in the contribute constructively to the debates in Parliarnent forthcoming general elections. After all. Parliament is the top decision-making body in the land. We would be defeating our own purposes, Bye-Elections Soon if we put in there men and women who cannot make Next month there will be bye-elections to fill the vacan• a contribution to that legislative body. We should also cies in the provincial councils that have been creat• select men and women who are capable of being ap• ed by the election of some of ttieir members to the pointed as Ministers and Deputy Ministers by the Central Committee and the Politburo. In circumstances President and First Secretary. In keeping with our poli• where the vacancies are as many as one-third of the cy and practice of criticism and self-criticism, the time total seats, the entire provincial council will have to of selecting candidates provides an opportunity for be dissolved and new elections conducted by the Na• candid debate on the merits and demerits of each and tional Commissariat. But, in circumstances where the every candidate. Seating Members of Parliament vacancies are not many, they can be filled either by should also be scrutinised. Open and candid criticism co-option or bye-elections. The district council of each other will bring forward the cream, the best delegates who will be taking part in the provincial political cadres in our party, while at the same time bye-elections, must ensure that all major areas of the exposing the opportunists who use money and beer province are represented in the provincial council. to bribe their way into positions and offices. Candid They should also make sure that the bye-elections are debate should remain the hall-mark of our internal conducted in a manner that is democratic and fair. democracy within the party.

2 ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 We are sabotaging our Education

Dear Sir cently the Minister of State for National Education with production helps in provid• ince independence government efforts Scholarships, Senator Joseph Culverwell, ing self-employment to school leavers who S to promote education in our schools urged parents, teachers and pupils to ensure may have failed to secure jobs elsewhere. have been frustrated by malicious and self• that the heavy government investment in Currently, few schools are taking this noble ish people. education is not wasted. idea genuinely, yet it is the duty of the head• masters and their teaching personnel to He said this when he addressed parents It is a pity to note that some people who counsel these youngsters. are directly involved in the education sys• and pupils at the David Livingstone school's tem are commiting serious offences which rededication ceremony in Harare. During the colonial era, black Zimbabwe• ans were denied chances to further their are contrary to the dthics of their profession. The other discouraging thing in our edu• studies because of serious financial con• The prominent cases committed by these' cation is the negative attitudes of some par• straints. When the people's government was subversive elements include causing preg• ents and pupils towards learning. In some elected into power, many schools were built nancies to pupils, theft of school fees and cases they misuse their chances by simply in the communal lands which require subsi• property and destruction of school property indulging in premature practices like estab• dised and reasonable fees. by bandits which is tantamount to negative lishing families at tender ages. This has result• attitude of some people towards education. ed in a number of cases whereby some chil• Before these rural secondary schools were Our media has reported a number of cases dren grew up with half parental care due to built, people were forced to attend expen• in which some headmasters have been con• wanton divorces. It is important that school sive mission schools. It was a struggle since victed after embezzling school funds and ex• pupils concentrate on their studies and stop poor people could not manage to pay the amination fees. This has resulted in some stu• misbehaving. astronomical fees. dents being counted among school drop• Government outs. But why should we ruin the education But still these elements with negative at• The government also embarked on a train• of our children? Remember, it is now almost titudes can be justified because those adopt• ing programme and established many ten years after independence; what type of ed feelings towards education are not of their teachers' training colleges and other voca• a society are we if we fail to recognise the own making. The prevailing circumstances tional training institutions. We cannot relevance of education to our youngsters? force these parents and students into such divorce education from development. For The Government has built many schools conditions; take for instance the case of the Zimbabwe to develop in all fronts, it has to since 1980, both primary and secondary students whose examination fees were em• encourage and support education so that it schools. In addition to the lower schools, the bezzled by a head of a school recently. can go ahead without any problems. Government has established and expanded The students had prepared to sit for the It is sad to note that Zimbabweans are not other higher learning institutions which in• examination but they were told all of a sud• using this opportunity they have. The govern• clude our local university and teachers' col• den that they were not registered to write ment is constantly urging everyone to take leges. It is therefore embarrassing to learn their '0' level examination. Apparently they up the chance of going to school and rebuild that some headmasters are at the forefront are bound to lose hope. in frustrating government efforts by stealing Zimbabwe- Instead, teachers should be innovative and school funds. Everything that is tackled without educa• reflect some dynamism in their role as educa• tion is usually characterised by failure. Let Negligent Teachers tionists. We want development in our edu• us all support our Govemment in its effort Once again it is unfortunate to realise that cation system and by that we will be creat• to provide education to every Zimbabwean some of the teachers are found being count• ing a strong base for our children. by using the chances at our disposal. Zim• ed among those people who go about im• The Government's idea of education with babwe cannot be built by an individual, we pregnating school girls. Then who should pro• production should be taken seriously. It is need to pool our resources together and tect these pupils if their teachers decide to the teachers and those people who are direct• work as a community. Education is a prereq• prey on them? Every Zimbabwean has the ly involved in the education system who can uisite to success. • right to education and therefore the Govern• readily concretise this magnificent approach ment has heavily invested in education. Re• in our school. By Ronald Imbayago

The year, 1989, has been a year,of great my will never get the chance to penetrate achievements for the Party and Government. our ranks and carry out subversive activities. All programmes successfully carried out in May we take this opportunity' to thank all the socio-economic and political fields have our readers and correspondents for their Editor's Message been people oriented. This is living testmo- views and contributions for they have been ny that ZANU PF and its Govemment are for for the Year very informative, educative, entertaining and the people, for the people are in fact the Party provoked a lot of debate from other readers. 1990 and Government. We therefore encourage you to keep on We therefore encourage every Zimbabwe• giving us your ideas in the form of letters an to Safeguard our hard-won independence to^'the Editor and material for publication in and to continue supporting the historic uni• Dear Readers, the Talking Point Column. ty accord which has ushered in an era of peace, togetherness and love in the country. 1990 will see us continue keeping you in The Zimbabwe News Editorial and Sub- formed on Party and Government activities, Editorial Committees wish all readers, the Let us all stand united and rally behind the developmental projects and many other is• magazine's correspondents and all Zimbab• leadership of His Excellency, the President sues of public interest. weans at large a peaceful and prosperous of Zimbabwe, Comrade for 1990, if the people of Zimbabwe are one the ene• Aluta Continual

ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 3 "PAS DE SUPERMAN - PLUTOT CLARK KENT" (II a dit 9a, le Manager)

"Tous nos compounds industriels de A'otre agency avait une big idea pour un caoutchouc sont fabriques au British Standard advertisement for Rubber & Allied Products. Specification." Alors, je me tire chez le client avec le layout et je me lance, en-tete premier: "C'est correct. Mais ..."

"LA VRAIE FORCE DU CAOUTCHOUC RESTE Catfish souffrants. Encore de "mais". DANS SA FLEXIBILITE" "Mais ici au Zimbabwe nous avons des fois un Silence. II bailie. manque de materials, en bien sometimes the livraisons doivent attendre." "Le titre va avec this visual d'une torse enorme et tres muscular, qui est en train de "Personne sur la planete mettrait 9a dans un plier cette bar of caoutchouc, voyez, comme si advertisement! Surtout pas si vous are going c'est une barre de fer". for les exports!" i "Mais si - Clarl< Kent le dirait. Voyez-vous, les "Comme Superman? Pourquoi?" ^ clients veulent la verite. Combien de temps "Ben — I'impact, bien sur. Everyone connait exactly I'ordre va prendre." Superman: Invulnerable, energy, puissance fantastic ..." Je suis ecrase. Superman peut-il survivre? Je me defends faiblement contre ce knock-out "Maybe ils se rappelleront de Superman. Mais blow 6n murmurant: will they rappeller notre nom?" "On ne pent pas mettre tout ca dans I'espace Je souris poliment: 'C'est pour (^a que nous donne " avons the logo ici en bas, with big lettres: "Fichez loin I'illustration de Superman." RUBBER & ALLIED PRODUCTS." Ci disant, je mets ma grande cape et je me lance de O temps. O mores. Avec les directeurs comme nouveau au texte, qui va like this: lui, qui a besoin de Kryptonite? Sans merci, il donne le coup de grace: "Nous pouvons fabriquer sur commande, n'importe quoi en rubber, and le livrer "Allez. Ecrivez tout simplement: RUBBER & anywhere dans le monde." ALLIED PRODUCTS EST L'UN DES SEULS USINES AU MONDE QUI PEUT FABRIQUER A LA MAIN, LES "Non. Pas n'importe quoi. One ne fabrique pas DRIVE BELTS, HOSES, etc., ET FAIRE DES les preservatifs, et je ne veux plus de lettres MOULA6ES DE N'IMPORTE QUEL FORME, DANS des types pervertis. Alors." N'IMPORTE QUELLE RUBBER COMPOUND DESIREE, ET EN PLUS ON LE FAIT A TOUTE VITESSE." Je vols que ce job va etre difficile. Un task stirhumaine. meme. Mais allez, va. Fiche au "Mats nous sommes pas des Superman. force-fields negatifs, je pique a vitesse super Voyez?" sur la ligne suivante : J'entends seulement: Superman. L'espoir "Notre production-time, des I'ordre au jaillit. Je dis: livraison, est si vite, c'est celebre." "Chouette! Alors on va voir Superman, en plein "Sauf quonld on doit d'abord tabriquer un new couleur?" moulage." "Non, merci. Black and white simplement." Aaagh! Je me sens faiblir comme sous Je suis accable. Clark Kent, le reporteur I'attaque de Kryptonite . . . je lutte honnete, a gagne. Personne a besoin de heroiquement contre le poison galactique, et je Superman. Peut-il survivre cette impasse! On continue: • verra, mais 9a va etre bien serre.

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ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY. 1990 Unity Accord Ends Division, Disunity, and Tribalism

Staff Reporter

he unity agreement was indeed a vic• 6. That ZANU PF shall seek to establish a The late Comrade and tory over division, disunity, tribalism One-Party State in Zimbabwe. Cde. were appointed to carry T and regionalism. "I and Comrade 7. That the leadership of ZANU PF shall out the integration work as the Presidency's Nkomo were, therefore, proud and delight• abide by the leadership code. liaison team. ed to sign it on behalf of a united heroic peo• 8. That the existing staictures of ZANU PF ple of Zimbabwe." and PF-ZAPU shall be merged in accor• dance with the letter and spirit of jthis National Integration Committee This was said by the First Secretary and agreement. Below this team was a 10 member Integra• President of ZANU PF, Comrade Robert 9. That both parties shall, in the interim, tion Committee consisting of: Mugabe, when he presented the Central take immediate vigorous steps to From ZANU PF Comrades D. Mutasa, E. Zvob- Committee report to the first congress of the eliminate and end the insecurity and go, N. Mawema, H. Ushewokunze and N. united ZANU PF at the Harare International violence prevalent in Matabeleland. Nhiwatiwa who was later replaced by Com• Conference Centre on December 19, 1989. 10. That ZANU PF and PF-ZAPU shall con• rade Tsungai Hungwe. From PF-ZAPU, Com• The unity agreement, ^e said, not only vene their respective congresses to give rades G. Marange, K. Dube, C. Ndebele and spelt out the steps to be taken to bring the effect to this agreement within the W. Mabhena. Comrade ]. Tungamirai was merger fully into the light of day at all lev• shortest possible time. later appointed to join the team as Acting els of the party structure, but it also, and 11. That, in the interim. Comrade Robert Political Commissar on the ZANU PF side. necessarily, set out the salient principles Mugabe is vested with full powers to This Committee, Cde Mugabe said, was upon which the new united ZANU PF was prepare the implementation of this charged with the task of implementing the to be based, taking into account the two par• ' agreement and to act in the name and Unity Accord signed between ZANU PF and ties' pre-existing commonality of politics and authority of ZANU PF. PF-ZAPU and integrating the organs of ZANU their historic collaboration in the prosecution PF and PF-ZAPU at cell/village, branch and of the armed struggle that created the new district levels. Zimbabwe. "It is against this background that, despite , "We meet today and in the three days financial, transport, organisational problems ahead of us to put the final seal on the great and in some cases, the security situation in progress achieved in the last two years to the Zimbabwe-Mozambique border areas, make the word flesh and to turn theoretical the National Integration Task Force success• declarations into concrete deeds." Comrade fully carried out its responsibility to ensure Mugabe pointed out and added that "we a complete national and political integration have scored a great victory in favour of prin• of the people and the two parties," said the cipled, purposeful unity and against the President. parochial and inherently negative forces of tribalism, regionalism, racism and reaction." The integration process continued progres• sively up until October 14 and 15, 1989 President Mugabe explained that after the when all the original nine provinces success• agreement, authority was vested in the fully held elections for the Provincial Execu• Presidency which consists of him, and com• tive Councils of the main, Women and Youth rades Nkomo and to build wings of the united ZANU PF Party. unity out of the two parties under the agreed name, ZANU PF. "1 am pleased to report; that the objectives we set out to achieve have in large measure He further gave the full text of the unity been achieved for the formal process of in• agreement which he gave an account of as tegration has virtually been completed from follows: the grassroots up...," he said .further adding 1. That ZANU PF and PF-ZAPU have ir• that "however, to us the leadership, the in• revocably committed themselves to Comrade Robert Mugabe — President of the tegration exercise has also demonstrated unite under one political party. Republic of Zimbabwe that old habits die hard." 2. That the unity of the two political par• ties shall be achieved under the name Comrade Mugabe clarified that a unity As events turned out in some areas, peo• Zimbabwe African National Union (Patri agreement signed by the leadership is one ple in the former strong-holds of either party otic Front), ZANU PF. thing, a real merger of the two parties at all tended to ignore their counterparts from the 3. That Comrade Robert Gabriel Mugabe levels is another. other party, especially at the provincial level. shall be First Secretary and President "We, therefore, found it necessary to set "At the subsequent Youth and Women's of ZANU PF. up machinery consisting of Task Forces oper• league conferences held on October 28 and ^4. That ZANU PF shall have two second ating at all levels of the structure of the en• 29 and November 4 and 5, respectively we secretaries and Vice Presidents who visaged Party so as to bring about the therefore had to ensure that the spirit of uni• shall be appointed by the First Secre• desired merger." ty was preserved. tary and president of the party. 5. That ZANU PF shall seek to establish a At the apex of the structure was the "However, I must hasten to add that uni• socialist society in Zimbabwe on the Presidency of the united party consisting of ty is a process and we have to learn to live guidance of Marxist-Leninist principles. Cdes Mugabe, Nkomo and Muzenda. together as one," Cde. Mugabe said.

ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 5 The President also revealed that the Southern Africa namely SWAPO, ANC, and and beneficiary of our resources should present membership of the united ZANU PF PAC of South Africa," he said. be/shall be. Is it the people, the colfective stands at about three rnillion, and that all people of Zimbabwe, or a few greedy in• Comrade Mugabe hailed SWAPO for.its those who have joined have done so purely dividuals however constituted? electoral victory and encouraged the libera• on their own will. tion movements in South Africa to intensify "Is our development path, therefore, to be He tdd delegates that the'unity agreement their fight against apartheid. "We of the unit• that of Socialism or that of Capitalism? I am was not'the end of the road but only the be• ed ZANU PF fully support the people of South ajteialist but what are you?" the President ginning. There is, therefore, need to work to Africa in their struggle for democracy and asl&d. further consolidate and strengthen the struc• against the heinous apartheid system." He also pointed out that the Party has tures of the Party from the cell upwards. another task, and a more immediate one for "Here at the Congress, we have much to Way Ahead that matter, which it must ready itself for do as well, including, not least, the formal The President mention.ed that there is a duty comprehensively and at all levels. ratification of the draft Party Constitution to cement and deepen the unity further both "I refer to the general elections which we now in your hands; the formulation and at the level of the Party and at that of the are planning to hold within the next several adoption of the work jirogramme of the elec• nation as a whole. months. Preparations for these should al• tion of the leaders of the Party, including "We have plenty of work ahead of us. We ready be under way and there should be no members of the Central Committee. must, comrades, transform the inherited room for complacency," said Comrade During the congress, he said, there should economy, remove the remaining structural Mugabe adding that various groups have be an occasion to express solidarity and ce• and othei- inequities that characterise it, and sprung up intending to contest these ment relations with many political parties move forward energetically to build an in elections. and movements in virtually all parts of the dustrialised and prosperous socio-economic "There will probably emerge more such world. environment in which our people can im• overnight groups as we get closer to the date prove their physical circumstances and rea• of the elections. We do not begrudge them lise their itiUest potential as free men and "Here in Africa, ... we have had long• for their enthusiasm, opportunism and gam• standing relations of, solidarity and co women," he reiterated. bling instincts. operation with FRELIMO of Mozambique, Comrade Mugabe emphasised the need to UNIP of Zambia, the Botswana Democratic "However, we say to them; whilst we significantly boost investment and therewith Party; the MPU\' Party of Angola, promise you a fair fight, the defeat we are improve employment opportunities for all Chama Chamapinduzi of Tanzania, the Wor• certain to inflict upon you will be so mas• the people, especially the youth. kers' Party of Ethiopia, the Malawi Congress sive and crippling that you will not rise again. Party, the Kenya African National Union and "But, we are also here... to determine in Let them not say I have not warned them," the national liberation fnpvements of unequivocal terms who the principal owner Comrade Mugabe said. •

6 ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 Kenneth Kaunda, Dub Poet dent, "not as some of our detractors may want us to believe." [udges deliver judge• Extraordinaire ments without fear, favour, prejudice or ill will. However, although they are an indepen• dent body they get paid by the state but they staff Reporter make their judgements according to the constitution.

resident Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia, in President Kaunda said of Comrade Mugabe The church on the other hand, has free• P his well-wishing message, sent electric Hence, Comrade Mugabe and Comrade Nko• dom of worship. "Comrade President 1 am tremours and laughter in the main auditori• mo deserve praise for their selfless devotion beginning to think that Zambians are the um at the National People's Congress when to the signing of the unity accord. It has de• most sinful people on earth", he told the he recited a poem, Archangel Gabriel and nied enemies of Zimbabwe fertile places of delegates convulsing in laughter. "Churches Comrade Nkomo. destabilising the country. are mushrooming everywhere in Zambia." Robert Gabriel Mugabe he said is sound today as he was yesterday and as he shall be forever more. The Archangel Gabriel of Zimbabwe, said the poet of the day, is un• changeable in character in aU situations. "Yes indeed, he loves us all. Man in the east, man in the south, man in the west, and man in the north, he loves us all," recited the poet. I He said it is him who organised the mass• es and effectively administered the party. lust as it takes two to fight so does it take two to make peace, President Kaunda said to a tumultous uproar from the delegates and for• eign dignitaries numbering about 5 000. Mugabe is a leader of rare qualities who played a very significant role in reconciling all racial groups after indeperidence. White, brown, black and red ail vyere reconciled. Dr. Kaunda said. Dr KenndUi Kaunda, giving one of the most aplaudible speeches at the congress Comrade Nkomo "I understand that Nkomo in some language means cattle. This animal is very important", President Kaunda recounted the time when he said adding that the animal provides UNIP and Zambia's ANC merged at the histor• meat, milk and transport He said Comrade ic Chama declaration. , the catde, joins Comrade Gabriel Mugabe with love as against hate, "We wish you well... The enemies of Zim• social justice as against social injustice. babwe will be hoping for the opposite. With this peace and tranquility the country is as• That is, Zimbabweans shall have the meat, sured of economic and social progress", he milk, transport and cultivate in the name of told the delegates at the Congress held in Ha• loshua Nkomo, the important cattle. rare recently. Outside Zimbabwe's borders, the country, "1 know many wfll tell you how wrong you Comrade Q. Masire, President of Botswana through Comrade Mugabe, is searchi,ng for are to form a one party state. Please do not He said that one party does not destroy free• a durable peace in Angola, Mozambique and dom of worship. The church has therefore listen to them", recited the Zambian Ethiopia. President. been urged to respect the position of the majority. Comrade Kaunda wonders why the Roman ^ Comrade Mugabe Catholics oppose the one party state. For this, Tuming to the press, he said it is very very "I have great love and respect for him," said he went through Zimbabwe's executive, legis• free. The bill of rights in Zimbabwe is well Dr. Kenneth Kaunda adding that with Com• lature, press and the church to show that respected. He urged the congress to give a rade Mugabe, the future of Zimbabwe is as• one organisation does not disrupt peace and deaf ear to advocators of multi-party sured of success. He also praised former freedom. democracy before presenting a gift to ZANU PF from the United National Independence President Professor Canaan Banana, for his The executive he said, is led by an elected Party (UNIP). efforts in urging the parties to merge. president in Zirnbabwe. He exercises his pow• er in accordance with the provisions of the President Quet Masire of Botswana ex• "We in Zambia appreciate and understand constitution. The President has therefore car• pressed his country's satisfaction with the the importance and relevance of this con• ried out his duties without fear, favour, co-operation, friendliness and good neigh• prejudice or ill will. gress. Zimbabwe is very fortunate, for in a bourliness that characterise the strong bonds dear brother, friend and Comrade R.G of friendship between Zimbabwe and Mugabe, you have a leader of rare qualities,' Legislature Botswana. the Zambian President told the congress ad Going on to the legislature, he said there is ding that he made the bold statement in ear freedom of speech between Zimbabwe's The two states also work together in SADCC. nest because "I have great love and admi Members .of Pariiament. Together with the the OAUand the Frontline States. ration for him." press they operate freely and unfettered. "The unity of a nation is important for It takes a man of rare qualities to forgive In Zimbabwe, the chairman of the Front• peace, tranquility and economic develop- a man like Rhodesian rebel leader Smith, line States observed, the judiciary is indepen- merjf.", added Comrade Masire. •

ZliyiBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 7 Congress Showered with Messages

staff Reporter

imbabwe's iiistoric congress, has Mauritius, Nicaragua, Bulgaria, Poland time when he and the late Chief, Rekayi been hailed by at least 23 countries (presented a gift) and political organisations Tangwena crossed the border into Z and political organisations on the oc• like the PLO. PfiC and ANG. Mozambique. casion of the unifying congress. The united "Comrade Chissano, you are one

8 ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 Central Committee and Politburo of ZANU PF Announced

Staff Reporter

he national people's congress has come Comrade Joseph Msika, 12 members each lake Marwodzi, Comrade George Chinengun- T up with 160 members of the from the Youth league and the Women's du. Comrade Tamai Vivian iVlpofu, Comrade new ZANU PF Central Committee and 22 League plus eight members elected by the Takawira Alois Mangwende, Comrade members of the Politburo. President. Grafton Rwizi Ziyenge and Comrade Fanuel Chigwedere. The President, Comrade Robert Gabriel The full list of the other 124 members of Mguabe who was elected as the Party's Presi• the Cenral Committee are as follows; Mashonaland Central dent by a unanimous vote with his Vice Presi• Comrade loyce Mujuru, Comrade Chen dents as Comrades Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo Chimutengwende, Comrade [oseph Kaparad- and Simon Vengai Muzenda automatically Bulawayo Province za. Comrade George Rutanhire, Comrade qualified for the Central Committee accord• Comrade , Comrade Syd• Edith Motsi, (Women's League); Comrade ing to the Party Constitution. Comrade Joseph ney Malunga, Comrade Amos Ngwenya, Border Ge2i (Youth League), Comrade Alexio Msika, who was elected unanimously as the Comrade Akim Ndlovu, Comrade Swazini T. Manungo, Comrade Ephraim Chikuwanyan- national chairman is also a member of the Ndlovu, Comrade Lot Senda, Comrade Edi• ga, Comrade Zvanguzvino Chitsakane, Com• Central Committee. son Ncube, Comrade Norman Mabhena and rade Sabhina Zinyemba and Comrade Vine Comrade Hebsbn Nyashanu, Jingura. The members of the politburo are: Com• rade , Secretary for Adminis• tration; Comrade , Matebeleland South Midlands Secretary for Finance; Comrade Moven Ma- Comrade Richard Ndlovu, Comrade Naison Comrade Emmerson Mnangagwa, Comracje hachi. Secretary for Commissariat; Comrade Ndlovu, Comrade Kotsho Dube, Comrade Tapfumaneyi R.S. Mujuru, Comrade Richard Stephen Nkomo, Secretary for External Af• Stephen Nkomo, Comrade Rev. Masiyane, C. Hove, Comrade Simbarashe Mumbengeg- fairs; Comrade , Secretary Comrade Sikwili K. Moyo, Comrade Vote wi. Comrade |ulia Zvobgo, Comrade Ernest for Security; Comrade , Moyo, Comrade Simon K. Moyo and Com• S. Tongogara, Comrade Lameck C. Makan- Secretary for Information and Publicity; Com• rade Mark Dube. da, Comrade J.M. Machaya, Comrade Cephas rade lohn Nkomo, Secretary for Production Msipa, Comrade Cyril Ndebele, Comrade Ge• and Labour; Comrade Welshman Mabhena, Matebeleland North orge Marange, Comrade )uly Moyo, Corrirade Secretary for Transport and Social Welfare; Comrade Welshman Mabhena, Comrade Stepheri Vuma, Comrade [oram Gumbo, Comrade Sally Mugabe, Secretary for Wom• , Comrade A/Ucah Bhebhe, Com• Comrade E.D. Munyoro and Comrade Dr. en's Affairs; Comrade , Secre- rade S. K. Sibanda, Comrade F. Mukombwe, Elizabeth Xaba. ' tary for Legal Affairs; Comrade Joyce Mujuru, Comrade P. Mahlamvana, Comrade E. Secretary for Education; Comrade Naison Mdlongwa, Comrade A. Chiasa and Comrade Mashonaland West Ndlovu, Secretary for Economic Affairs; Com• Obert Mpofu. Comrade Nathan Shamuyarira (Central Com• rade , Secretary for mittee member and Secretary for Informa• Health and Child Welfare and Comrade Er• tion and Publicity), Comrade Enos Chikowore, Manicaland nest Rusununguko Kadungure who is the Dr. , Provincial Secre• Comrade Didymus Mutasa, Comrade Moven Secretary for Youth. tary; Comrade Mudhomeni Chivende, Com• Mahachi, Comrade Patrick Chinamasa, Com• rade E. Gwanzura, Provincial Secretary for The Committee members are Comrade rade Kumbirai Kangai, Comrade Kenneth Transport and Welfare; Comrade Charles , Comrade , Manyonda, Comrade Victoria Chitepo, Com• Ndlovu; Provincial Youth Chairman; Comrade Comrade Richard Hove and Comrade Nolan rade E. Zihuu, Comrade Moton Malianga, K. Bhebhe, Comrade P. Mupa'nduki, Comrade Makombe. However, these Committee Mem• Comrade Lazarus Nzarayebani, Comrade Katyamaenza, Comrade Chou En-Lai Mute- bers are only members of the Central Com• S.M. Sithole, Comrade H. Moyana, Comrade ma, Comrade H. Mutangi, Comrade A. mittee and not the politburo. Lawrence D. Mudehwe, Comrade M. Nharara, Cornrade E. Madzongwe, Comrade Makuwarara, Comrade M. Chinamasa, Com• The Politburo deputies are as follows: Shumbayaonda Chandengenda, and Com• rade S. Sakupwanya, Comrade L. Chihana Comrade Kotsho Dube, Administration; Com• rade Godfrey Marimo (Youth League Treas• and Comrade Oppah C. Muchlnguri. rade Stephen Vuma, Finance; Comrade Edi• urer and proposed to be Secretary for Health son Ncube, Commissariat; Comrade Witness and child Welfare in National Youth Council). Mangwende, External Relations; Comrade Masvingo Harare Dumiso Dabengwa, National Security; Com• Comrade Eddison Zvobgo, Comrade josiah In the Harare province the following com rade Chen Chimutengwende, Information and Tlangamirai, Comrade Nolan Makombe, Com• rades were elected to the Central Commit• Publicity; Comrade , Trans• rade Mayor Urimbo, Comrade Oliver tee: Comrade Herbert Ushewokunze, Com• port and Social Welfare; Comrade Enos Chiko• Munyaradzi, Comrade , Com• rade Rodrick Nyandoro, Comrade Bernard wore, Production and Labour; Comrade Then• rade Sheba Zvinavashe, Comrade Charles Chidzero, Comrade , jiwe Lesabe, Women's Affairs; Comrade Kum- Dauramanzi, Comrade George Mudukuti, Comrade Edward Kanengoni, Comrade birai Kangai, Economic Affairs; Comrade Cyril Comrade Titus Maluleke, Comrade Nelson Forbes Magadu, Comrade lohn Zhakata, Ndebele, Legal Affairs; Comrade E. Mad• Mawema, Comrade Ketina M\idamburi, Com• Comrade Jevan Maseko, Comrade Chris zongwe, Education; Dr. Sakupwanya, Health rade Zephania Matshaba-Hove, Comrade Pasipamire, Comrade Florence Chitauro and and ChiW Welfare and Comrade Zikhali, Gabriel Matende and Comrade Jethro Professor Reg Austin. Deputy for Youth. Dauramanzi. Meanwhile the party has reaffirmed its The 160-member Central Committee con• Mashonaland East commitment to socialism with the adoption sists of the Party President, his two vice presi• Comrade Abraham Kabasa, Comrade Sydney of the ZANU PF constitution. This will be dents, 124 members elected by ten political Sekeramayi, Comrade 4David Karimanzira, provinces, the National Chairman who is Comrade Richard Katsande, Comrade Stan- Continued next page

ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 9 Party, Government Work Together

staff Reporter

s a free and sovereign nation, Zim• Peace tant development in the preparation of the babwe has established and con• He also said that Zimbabwe will also con• Plan has been the involvement of the Rul• A tinues to maintain mutually benefi• tinue to ecourage dialogue in Angola and ing Party in the planning process. For the first cial bilateral diplomatic relations, econom• Mozambique. time... the Party and the Government have ic, scientific, technical and cultural co• Comrade Mugabe then talked about some combined their effort in formulating the Plan, operation with a great many countries. problem areas at home where he said our with each playing its proper role in the current efforts to develop the economy are . process". Comrade Mugabe elaborated. Talking about the Party and Government while presenting the central committee report to the first Congress of the united ZANU PF, Comrade Robert Mugabe said, "In• deed the government has been guided in its diplomatic thrust by the party's firm belief in the principles of positive Non-Alignment and the pursuit of the policy of good neigh• bourliness and non-interference in the inter- ^nal affairs of other states." The people of Zimbabwe, their Party and Government, he said, very readily feel for their brothers and sisters in apartheid-niled South Africa and Namibia, those of the Western Sahara, Palestine and elsewhere. "Our voice has been loud and tireless in such fora as the OAU, the UN, NAM, the Com• monwealth and other international arenas in calling for peaceful resolution of conflicts and the abandonment of the senseless nuclear arms race." Zimbabwe, in relation to her aggressive neighbour. South Africa, has been destined Education has been made a right for every Zinftbabwean to be a Frontline State. The main thrust of our Southern African being undertaken in the context of the First policy, Comrade Mugabe explained, is at Five-Year National Development Plan, Continued from page 9 defending our territorial integrity and thus 1986-1990. secure our hard won independence and na• based on the Marxist-Leninist principles but That plan was formulated after extensive tional sovereignity by promoting and en• taking into account Zimbabwe's cultural, consultations with all interested groups and couraging collective self-reliance and closer historical and social experience. organisations including the Party. co-operation within the Frontline States The President also appointed eight mem• grouping, the SADCC and the PTA. "The third and perhaps the most impor- bers to the Central Committee in accordance with roles played during the liberation strug• gle. They are Comrade Dzikamayi Mavhaire, Comrade Don Muvhuti, Comrade , Comrade , Comrade Idah Murape, Comrade Kani, Comrade Nyashanu and Comrade Choto. Zimbabwe, under the constitution, will seek to establish a socialist state and create conditions conducive to economic indepen• dence, equitable distribution of the national wealth and increase in productivity. This was adopted by the congress. The socialist ideol• ogy was common in the former parties' con• stitutions before the historic-merger. President Mugabe himself declared to the delegates that he was a socialist and that he wanted to hear from them where they stand. Under the constitution, ZANU PF will seek to ruthlessly fight corruption and im• Communal farmers move into export-oriented sector — tobacco growing plement the leadership code.

10 ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 The development dbjectives of the Plan troduced a policy regime aimed at liberalis• communal farmers should move out of mere were summarised as follows: transformation ing the economy and stimulating investment. subsistence production into the cash econ• and control of the eqonomy as well as eco- Other measures include export promotion omy and participate competitively in the ) nomlc expansion, land reform and efficient incentives incorporating the Export Revolv• lucrative export-oriented sector. utilisation of land, raising the standard of liv• ing Fund, the Export; Incentive Scheme, and Government has accelerated the water de• ing of the entire population and in particu• Bonus Schemes. lar the peasant population, enlargement of velopment programme in order to deal with employment opportunities and power de• Government has done a lot to remedy the the severe droughts that are regularly ex• velopment, science and technology and problem of technological underdevelopment perienced in the country. maintainance of a correct balance between and dependency on external services. These Vast improvements have been made on the environment and development. include the overhauling of the education sys• human resource development since indepen• tem to emphasise science and technological dence. Comrade Mugabe said primary school "We have pursued and continue to pur• subjects and encouraging foreign companies education has been universalised resulting sue these objectives with vigour in every sec• to transfer technology. in a great increase in the school enrolments. tor of our economy, for they are in line with "A concrete example of this is the recent our socialist principles". President Mugabe agreement between our W/illowvale Motor In• In the secondary sector, he said a policy said. dustries and the lapanese Mazda and C. Hoi has been made to make education accessi• He clarified that the type of socialism Zim• Companies for the manufacture of various ble to all at nominal cost. babwe aspires to achieve will be built on the types of motor vehicles locally", the Presi• "About 70 percent of those graduating basis of iWarxist-Leninist principles that take dent said. from primary school now go into secondary account of our historical, cultural and social school," he said, adding that "more secon Land Question experiences. Comrade Mugabe attributed the problem dary schools have been extended to rural arising from the land question to the Lan• areas and there is now at least one secon Economy dary school in each of the 45 adminis'trative The economy of Zimbabwe according to caster House Constitution which restricted districts." Comrade Mugabe has achieved an impres• and constrained Government's ability to pur• The field ot tertiary education in teacher sive growth rate of 5.3 percent in the past sue its programme of rural resettlement. education, colleges and at the University of year. The good performance is largely due These provisions will be amended in ac Zimbabwe has continued to expand. to successes in agriculture as well as in the cordance with the constitution itself in 1990. A lot has also been done in the field of mining sector. This will give Government the necessary flex• health and housing and since independence An average growth rate of 3.4 percent ibility to solve the land question more effec Government's labour policy has been strong• since 1983 has been a result of chronic tively and speedily than in the past. ly influenced by its desire to narrow the wide droughts poor export performance, low in• "The thrust of our land reform", he said, gap in wealth and income distribution as well vestment levels, shortages of foreign ex• "is to encourage and inspire greater produc as to protect our work force from the unfair change and the high cost from the destabili- tivity by our farming community. Land ac labour practices. sation activities of the South African regime. quisition shall not, however, be vindictive, nor shall it be a wanton land grabbing exer• "More generally, our new developmental In order to promote investment which is cise but a progressive measure to enhance thrust for the five years starting in 1991 will crucial for accelerating economic growth and development." be defined in our Second Five-Year National a pre-condition for job creation and improv• Development Plan which we expect to work ing the quality of life, Government has in• President Mugabe also mentioned that out in detail in 1990", the President said.!

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Thesis The Party

1. That this Congress pays special tribute to the First Secretary and President, Comrade Robert Gabriel Mugabe, for the outstanding qualities he has displayed in leading the government, and The Party and the statesmanship he has displayed in international affairs, especially at the United Nations, in the Organization of African Unity, and dur• ing his chairmanship of the Non-Aligned Movement. Special tribute is equally paid to him and to the President of the Patriotic Front (ZAPU), Comrade Joshua Mqabuko Nko- mo, for the selflessness, patience and determination they showed in the historic act of uniting the two parties.

Conscious of the overwhelming support for the united ZANU PF Party, conscious of The Party's vanguard role, and cognisant of the Zimbabwe people's desire to cor solidate uni• ty, peace and development, therefore Congress resolves:

1.1 that The Party works tirelessly to politicize and conscientize the masses towards the development of the country. 1.2 that The Party should harness the spirit of unity and unreservedly condemn tribalism, regionalism, nepotism and corruption. 1.3 that The Party should be a people's organization consisting of workers, peasants, patri• otic intellectuals, professionals and students. The Party must endeavour to defend the people's gains in the economic, political, social and cultural fields. 1.4 that The Party creates a cadreship committed to the theory and practice of socialism, and to that end ensures the establishment of appropriate institutions for political education. 1.5 that The Party should be supreme over government in the making of policy and that government should therefore implement all programmes adopted by The Party. 1.6 that the principle of democratic centralism shall be observed in intra-Party democracy. Criticism, self-criticism and self-examination shall be promoted within all the organs of The Party. Autocratic methods, bossism, and other reactionary tendencies shall be avoided. 1.7 that The Party affirms sccialism as Its ideology guided by the principles of Marxism- Leninism, taking into account the culture and the historical background of the Zimbab• wean people.

Thesis Peace and National Security

Congress applauds the peace prevailing in the country since the signing of the historic uni• ty agreement between the two parties. Congress therefore resolves:-

12 ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 2.1 that The Party condemns the South African apartheid regime for its destabilization ac• tivities in the Front Line States in general, and in Angola and Mozambique in particular.

2.2 that The Party applauds the continuing efforts of the Mozambican government to resist the aggression of the Renamo bandits and endorses and supiports their diplomatic in• itiative to bring about a peaceful African solution. In that context, we commend the joint efforts of Kenya and Zimbabwe to resolve the conflict in Mozambique.

2.3 that The Party should give full and adequate protection to all Zimbabwean citizens who may be targets of attack by Renamo bandits along our common border with Mozambique.

2.4 that The Party should contribute to current efforts in search of solutions to regional problems as well as to issues of global peace and security.

Thesis 3 Economic Development Congi|ess welcomes the liberalization of the economy and therefore resolves:

3.1 that The Party continue with efforts to shift economic imbalances decisively in favour of the masses through people-oriented social and economic schemes.

3.2 that The Party directs government to encourage and support the formation of co• operatives in agriculture, mining, industry, and commerce in order to involve the in• digenous people in the productive and marketing sectors of the economy. Such co• operatives should be supported financially by The Party and government, and be provid• ed with loans and grants by financial institutions.

3.3 that the public sector of the economy be expanded from time to time to ensure that the people's government controls the commanding heights of the economy.

3.4 that The Party should urgently address the following issues:

(a) the land question;

(b) the unemployment of thousands of school leavers;

(c) the transport crisis in urban and rural areas;

(d) the localization of the control and management of economic and commercial enterprises;

(e) provision of adequate housing for both urban dwellers and rural people;

3.5 that the leadership of The Party should provide strong guidance to the nation in the transformation of the economy; and scrupulously observe the Leadership Code affirmed in the Unity Accord. There should be a Disciplinary Code and/or Code of Conduct that is binding on all leaders and enforced by the Central Committee.

ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 13 Thesis 4 Land Reform and Agriculture The full resolution on land reform and Agriculture passed by the historical Congress reads as follows: Congress continues to deplore the inequitable land distribution in our country, and the over• grazing, over-cultivation and degradation of communal lands. Congress therefore resolves:

4.1 that The Party directs government to acquire more land for the resettlement of per• sons who now live in over-crowded communal lands.

4.2 that The Party notes and applauds tHe increased production of food and cash crops by peasant farmers; and directs government to intensify the provision of extension serv• ices to these farmers so that they can further improve their yields and undertake bet• ter soil management.

4.3 that vigorous steps be taken to expand the resettlement programmes and to correct the land degradation that has occurred in some resettlement areas.

4.4 that the Party urges Government to accelerate the irrigation programme so as to en• courage further diversification of the agricultural resource base and expand production.

4.5 that The party directs Government to ensure that all agricultural land is utilized to the maximum possible. In this respect it must be ensured that under utilization is minimised as much as possible.

4.6 that The Party directs Government to ensure that agricultural production systems are sustainable and in that respect ensure environmental stability.

4.7 that The Party urges Government to provide the commensurate human and financial resources to enable the implementing Ministry to carry out its responsibilities adequately.

4.8 that The Party urges Government to examine water rights with a view to changing the law so that river water is made available to all farmers for irrigation purposes. Thesis 5 Social Services

Congress notes with appreciation the enormous expansion of social services since Indepen• dence, particularly in education at all levels, health and social welfare. Congress therefore resolves:

Education 5.1 that The Party ensures the establishment of a technical bias in education from the primary level in order to prepare the nation for technological advancement. 5.2 that The Party should mobilize its resources foi* adult literacy programmes and should establish preschool centres through its own organs, particularly in rural areas.

14 ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 5.3 that The Party should direct the government to ensure that there are adequate facili• ties in our nation's schools and that the quality of ed>_wation is further improved. Health 5.4 that The Party should continue to work tirelessly with government toward the provi• sion of adequate health care for all. 5.5 that The Party should direct government to establish a national health insurance scheme. 5.6 that The Party should support the intensification of the government's Primary Health Care Programme.

Social Welfare 5.7 that The Party should direct government to review the Age of Majority Act so that it takes further account of our cultural background, with a view in particular to rais• ing the age of majority to 21 years. 5.8 that The Party should direct government to revise and amend, the Maintenance Act to limit the number of children for which unmarried mothers can claim maintenance from different fathers.

5.9 that The Party should encourage government to ensure that Magistrates and Primary Courts should recognize unregistered customary marriages when dealing with cases involving such marriages. 5.10 that The Party directs the government to restore the powers of chiefs and headmen so that they can preserve and maintain rural family life, as well as control stock theft, deforestation, and other social evils. 5.11 that The Party should direct government to ensure that the issuing of death/birth cer• tificates be decentralized so that people living in communal areas will have ready ac• cess to this important service.

Thesis Natural Resources

Congress believes that The Party should spearhead and take positive action toward preserv• ing our natural resources and solving environmental problems, and actively participate in global efforts aimed at resolving these problems. Congress therefore resolvesr

6.1 that The Party supports the government's anti-poaching policy but notes with con• cern the continuing depletion of our natural resources.

6.2 that The Party should support all efforts to continue to improve the management of wildlife and the preservation of our valuable natural resources.

6.3 that The Party supports the government's stand on the issue of ivory marketing and the conservation of elephants in Zimbabwe.

6.4 that The Party supports the government's commitment to a vigorous reforestation programme and urges the entire nation to join in this exercise.

6.5 that The Party should support governnfient's efforts to educate the people of the ad• vantages of conserving, maintaining and increasing our natural resources.

ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 T5 Thesis Transport and Communication

Congress is concerned with the current transport crisis, poor communication systems, and the escalating death toll on our roads. Congress therefore resolves:

7.1 that The Party should direct government to introduce, an effective highway patrol unit in the police force in order to ensure greater safety on the roads; to continue to edu• cate drivers, passengers, and all road users to exercise great restraint when travelling.

7.2 that all buses should be governed to run at 80 Km per hour only.

7.3 that The Party should encourage government to continue with its programme to install an adequate and efficient telecommunications systems, particularly in the rural areas.

7.4 that The Party should encourage government to ensure the completion of the railway electrification system.

Thesis international Relations

Congress recognizes the historic experience of the people of Zimbabwe in the struggle against imperialism, colonialism, racism and the forces of monopoly capitalism. Congress therefore resolves:

8.1 to affirm our total commitment to the struggle against imperialism throughout the world and to render our support to oppressed and disadvantaged peoples.

8.2 that The Party supports all progressive liberation movements seeking national self- determination and fighting a just war. The Party expresses its solidarity with the liber• ation movements arKltNe^ struggling masses of South Africa.

8.3 that The Party-congratulates SWAPO on its victory in Namibia and pledges to con• tinue to work closely with SWAPO. ZANU Pf will continue to fight against apartheid and to support those fighting against it.

8.4 that The Party supports the Arias plan and the peace process in Central America, and condemns the continuing practice of the United States to render material and political support to the Contra forces in Nicaragua.

8.5 that The Party applauds the new state of Palestine and the intafada uprising; and sup-

16 ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 ports the convening of an international conference as the only way of bringing perma• nent peace to the Middle East. %

8.6 that The Party supports the Organization of African Unity, and all the efforts it is mak• ing to resolve disputes amongst African states, to promote Pan-African unity and co• operation, and to end apartheid.

8.7 that The P^ty should closely follow and study current developments and ideological problems being experienced by communist parties and socialist governments of Eastern Europe and analyze the causes of such developments for its own benefit and future direction.

The Congress quickly adopted the following resolutions on Panama and South Africa:

8.8 that The Party further condernns the armed intervention by the United States in the internal affairs of Panama contrary to the sacred principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations against intervention and interference in the internal affairs of other countries and the use of force and aggression in international relations.

8.9 that The Party salutes the revolutionary and militant spirit of Comrade Nelson Mandela and other South African patriots, long incarcerated in the apartheid prisons, and pledges to step up allef forts to secure their immediate release and to work for the eradication of apartheid and the establishment of a democratic, non-racial, united and non- fragmented South Africa.

THEME: UNITY, PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT

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ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 17 THE STATE OF THE 5

The President Comrade R.G. Mugabe, arriving at Parliament House to address the joint session of the Senate and the House of Assembly n His Second State of the Nation Address penultimate step in the integration saw the last December President Mugabe said, convening of the youth and women's con• the political and economic atmosphere ferences, respectively, from the united Party Iof the nation is very sound and healthy and emerged with an enhanced sense of unity Zimbabwe goes into 1990 with hope and and cohesion. confidence. Below we publish the full text of The national people's, congress, now ver- the Second State of the Nation address to tually upon us, will put the final seal on the members of the Senate and the House of As• whole integration process and, from it, we sembly in a joint sitting. shall emerge with a struaure and leadership This year was a watershed in our history. that will guide and direct the new party for It witnessed an optimistic economic upturn the next five years. which was matched by an equally remarka• The peace and unity we now enjoy came ble and buoyant political climate. It was a because of the determination, patience, hard year which marked the continued refinement work and commitment on the part of most of our constitution and the onset of our first of MS to improve the wellbeing of every Zim• decade as a sovereign nation. babwean. Negotiations for unity between In a way, 1989 closed one chapter and ZANU (PF) and PF-ZAPU started when we opened another in respect of our political and were liberation movements. We were cons• constitutional development and the transfor cious of the need for unity because we knew mation of our socio-economic environment. that our enemy fostered disunity and thrived The state of the nation can be positively on its existence. Although unity did not come regarded as having grown from strength to soon after the attainment of independente, strength. we were never tired of seeking genuine uni• ty among our people. This is not to underplay the difficulties and setbacks we experienced. Yet, despite these, We have always aspired for unity not as we have grown stronger and more deter• an end in itself, but an instrument for achiev• mined to achieve our set goals and ing progress. Today we are all proud to see objectives. the people of Zimbabwe united and work• Our political fortunes, which, as 1 report• ing together as one. ed last year, reached a landmark with the signing of the unity accord between ZANU Lancaster House Constitution (PF) and PF-ZAPU on December 22, 1987, The process of amending the Lancaster were further enhanced as we reached the fi• House Constitution, with a view to its even• nal stages of integrating our political struc• tual replacement according with our national tures from grass roots level upwards. The aspirations and outlook, continued in 1989.

18 ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 ATION IS SOUND AND HEALTHY

As honourable members are aware, recent lucrative export-oriented sector. The ad• The positive economic indicators for 1988 ly the constitution of Zimbabwe (No. 9) Bill vances made by our small scale and peasant were marked by the low investmet levels and which, among other things, will abolish the farmers in the production of maize and cot• this unemployment spiral. Various policy Senate and provide for a single chamber ton from ten percent before independence measures were taken to stem these negative Parliament of Zimbabwe of 150 members, to fifty percent of national output now, is a traits and move the economy forward. was the subject of debate in both houses of remarkable development. We should inten• The pattern of government spending over the present Parliament. sify efforts to improve productivity still the period was in according with the policy This amendment, like all the previous ones, further. guidelines we set ourselves in the past year is in line with the position we, of the patriot• This, of necessity, calls for a redefinition to resuscitate the economy. ic front, took during the Lancaster House of our traditional claim to land as a heritage. negotiations in London ten years ago. Land must be regarded as a productive as• Public expenditure fell well within the Our discipline and endurance which saw set for enhancing our'collective national budgeted limits. In fact, there was reduction us through the Lancaster House Constitution wealth. A change in our thinking in this of expenditure in real temis, reflecting a small era, has afforded us the opportunity to cor- regard is called for. saving of some $5 million on recurrent ex• , rect the legal aberrations that had been be- Economic Performance penditure while capital expenditure ex• ' stowed on us by our colonisers. Our respect 1 now turn to the recent performance of our perienced a significant inaease, which points for justice, peace and equality gives credence economy. The economy grew by 5.3 percent towards the government's emphasis for to our claim for honesty and fair play in which was a remarkable improvement from growth in the productive sector. amending the constitution. the - 0.7 percent growth rate experienced The budget deficit which grew from 10.5 Our actions now to redress some of the in the previous year. Indeed, the improved percent in 1987 to a peak of 11.3 percent major wrongs of the colonial era, for exam• growth rate was close to our target in the in 1988/89 is envisaged to come down to ple in regard to the land question as well as first five-year national development plan of 9 percent in the current year 1989/90. Our other broader economic issues of concern, five percent. This was prompted by the good debt service ratio which had peaked at 33.3 should therefore be read and understood in performance of the agricultural sector which percent in 1987 came down to 24 percent this context. The Lancaster House Agreement grew by 23 percent and services at 7 percent. early 1989 and is expected to fall to about constrained the govermenfs intentions to" undertake a vigorous land reform programme of independence. The entrenched provisions of the constitution dictated a mar ginal and peripheral approach based on the willing buyer, willing seller policy The overall effect and, indeed, intention of these provisions was to frustrate any meaningful change to the land distribution pattern we inherited, thereby maintaining the injustices and inequalities we fought against. A more dynamic approach to the resettle• ment question has to be adopted to redress the imbalances in the inherited pattern of land distribution. The first step is, of course, the amendment of the constitution m 1990, to give the government more room to tack• le the land problem more flexibly. The thrust of land reform programme is to encourage and inspire greater productivity by our farming community. Land acquisition shall not, however, be vin• President Comrade Mugabe addressing the joint session dictive, nor shall it be a wanton land- grabbing exercise but a progressive meas• ure to enhance our development. The govern• The manufacturing sector did not perform ment is cognisant of the fact that the un- well as it notched a growth rate of 4.6 per• national development plan and our revised derutilisation of land does not exist only on cent while mining and construction did not annual targets, will assist in the recovery of commercial properties, but manifests itself perform as expected. The increase in exports the economy under favourable external in many other forms. Our land reform initia• over our imports was reflected in the posi• conditions. tive shall, therefore, subject to scrutinising tive trade surplus over the period. The infla• The expansion of industrialised economies all categories of land and shall be guided by tion rate was kept within bounds at 7.0 per• in 1988 by 4 percent from 3.3 percent stimu• the need to enhance national productivity cent in 1988, a down from 12 percent in the lated the demand for our commodities while by our farming community. previous year, largely due to the price freeze the buoyant metal prices resulted in im• effected in June in 1987. The partial lifting proved earnings for our mineral exports. The Our communal farmers should move out of the price freeze in May 1988 has resulted external commodity markets have a direct of mere subsistence production into the cash in the gradual upward movement of infla• economy and participate competitively in the tionary pressures in the economy. continued on page 21

ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 19 Unity Must Forcefully Permeate the Entirety of Zimbabwe, Says President

he National People's Congress held Central Committee Integration from December 18-22, 1989 came T after intensive preparations which in• The next most important organ of the Party The President expressed satisfaction at the cluded among other things joint Central Com• is the Central Committee. Delegates to the level of integration from the branch to the mittee meetings of the old ZANU (PF) and second joint Central Committee meeting also district and province and later on to the lev• PF-ZAPU. examined the proposed composition of the el of the Party's two wings, the Youth Wing Central Committee and the procedural man• and the Women's League. He therefore Addressing the second joint Central Com• ner in which the members are elected or ap• thanked the integration task force for its mittee meeting in Harare prior to the Main pointed or otherwise approved. There will be splendid role in uniting the people. Congress Comrade Mugatie said national uni• 160 members in the Central Committee. ty must forcefully permeate the entirety of Proceeding, he said all the organs of the society, government, all institutions of the The draft constitution proposed the crea• new party established before the main con• country and strongly influence the whole na• tion of a National Consultative Council which gress were based on the ideas expressed in tional life and national approach to issues. would meet twice a year in a purely adviso• the draft constitution. Befbre the joint Cen• ry capacity, said the President. Delegates also tral Committee meetings, the Presidency Comrade Mugabe said the creation of a looked at its composition and role. comprising Comrade Mugabe, Comrade Si• free and independent Zimbabwe and one na• mon Muzenda and Comrade Nkomo had had The Politburo, continued Comrade tion was not necessarily the creation of a a detailed look at the draft constitution arid Mugabe, was proposed to have 22 members united nation. Hence the two old parties con• made amendments where necessary. cluded that there was need for fiolitical uni• with an additional three (Service Chiefs) bring• ty, the unity of the two parties in order to ing the total number to 25. He told the meet• The joint meetings where held to obtain establish a viable political form for the uni• ing to look at the structure of the Politburo the delegates' view so that the Constitution ty of the people. and examine what party departments are could be adjusted and reprinted before the proposed to be created, the number of heads historic main congress. "The final result must thus not only be the of such departments and the manner in "...We are set to write another chapter of unity of the two leaders and their two par• which the heads are to be appointed. ties and followers into one political body, for history in the on-going revolutionary process that unity must forcefully permeate the en• "Comrades, the establishment of unity and to build our nation and country. That chap• tirety of our society, government itself, and oneness is a difficult and quite exacting ter will be an appropriate sequel to the other, all our institutions, and strongly influence our process. It is exacting in both quantitative and no less important, chapters we have al• whole national life and national approach to and qualitative terms, for it is not just the ready written in the form of otir revolution• issues," Comrade Mugabe said. fact of aiming at the numbers of those peo• ary action, blood and sacrifice." ple who are physically integrated, but that "...There can never be a greater chapter He told the delegates that they gave the of ensuring befoi-e and after they are integrat• in the history of the making of Zimbabwe, Presidency the mandate to negotiate for the ed that they are also fully conscientised in than that of the revolutionary armed strug• unity which was signed for on December 22, political and ideological terms". 1987, The delegates, in their respective ca• gle that we jointly and protractedly waged pacities also authorised the holding of the "The task of physical or quantitative in• until it yielded the freedom and indepen• congresses in 1988 "to examine the signed tegration will substantially have been accom• dence of our people and country. Noone... Unity Agreement and give full assent and plished at the end of the main congress," he can beat the revolutionary performance support". said adding, "even though the membership record now or in the future, unless'our coun• drive and the formation oi branch and dis• try was once again to come into the clutches There was a resounding and unanimous trict organs will continue to be done. It will of another colonial or imperialist power and support for that agreement. be in respect bf political and ideological work to call for yet another liberation struggle. But "It is the steps and procedures we took that a lot more will have to be done." I can not envisage that possibly," said the President. - in exercising that authority which have now This would perhaps be done through the yielded the high degree of the integration of establishment of the Chitepo College of Ideol• When the Central Committees met to our parties achieved so far," he went on. ogy. However, he reiterated, the greater drive review the main events that occurred since Comrade Mugabe said apart from the bas• must always remain that of the department the first meeting on October 7,1989, they ex• ic principles contained in the Unity Accord of the Commissariat which was expected to pressed satisfaction that the Youth and and ratified in 1988 by the two congresses, be strengthening at the main congress. He Women's conferences had been held signify• there were other vital aspects of the consti• expressed the hope that the department will ing the existence of two national executive tution which needed the delegates' attention. embark upon a comprehensive political and councils. They noted that the two confer• These included the principal organs of the ideological programme intended to raise the ences produced two sets of resolutions and Party, their composition and the procedures level of the necessary consciousness and programmes of action which were submit• of bringing these about. Congress is the commitment to the Party. ted to the main congress. • supreme organ of the Party. "A fully committed Party member is pne Delegates met to examine the composition who, whatever the vicissitudes the Party is of congress in terms both of what delegates going through, will remain a firm and cons• are meant to represent and the methods in tant adherent and not vacillate and move which they are meant to be chosen. They with the political winds external to the also examined the powers of congress. Party," Comrade Mugabe made it clear.

20 ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 Contimied from page 19 impact on pur fortunes on a year-toryear Our liberalisation programme shall be economic arid political questions, such as the basis. phased and targeted at specific sectors and frontline states, in SADCC, the PTA, the OAU it will provide a time-scale for the adequate the NAM, the Commonwealth and the Unit• Transport, capitalisation of sectors and companies to ed Nations, to mention only a few of them. Other problems facing the economy are relat• enable those in a disadvantaged position to In the United Nations, the Non-Aligned ed to transport bottlenecks. The low turnout compete on an equal footing with their rivals. Movement, the Commonwealth, the OAU of the NRZ wagons in delivering goods, par• and at other fora, Zimbabwe and other Front• ticularly the supply^ of coal to "its users, Budget line States have continually focussed atten• slowed down economic activity quite signifi• The reduction of our budget deficit in real tion upon the increasingly dangerous situa• cantly. This problem has been occasioned by terms in 1989 to 9 percent of GDP to some tion in South Africa and in our sub-region, a number of factors, including limitations of $989 million, which is the lowest level the root cause of which is apartheid. motive power and poor management. Work achieved since 1983, further demonstrates is now in progress to retool the NRZ in all our efforts to streamline our expenditure I respects and, indeed, the situation has al• along the reform programme. The govern• Regional Peace ready improved appreciably. ment has been aware of the negative and deleterious effect of our high tax system on As is also well-known, Zimbabwe continues the economy. Should we stick to our planned to be very closely involved in our region's ongoing quest for genuine and permanent Reform Programme targets, reducing public debt would result in peace. In this regard, we are one of the mem• The reform programme, adopted by govern• a cutback in the demand revenue in the form bers of the peace group promoting peace ment, also addresses the liberalisation of our of higher taxes. prospects in Angola Zimbabwe is also work trading regime in order to ease import res• In this current year, for instance, the ing with >Kenya to promote the peace process trictions by moving away from the quantita• removal of taxation on bonuses, within the tive control system to tariff based protection. in Mozambique. Our efforts in this regard are given limits, is not only a recognition of the This policy measure aims to increase the aimed towards the creation of peace, which need to increase the purchasing power of availability of imported inputs for production, will benefit the Angolan and Mozambican workers but also might, all being equal, con• and to induce greater competition within the people, as well as all of us in this region stitute a small start to a possible movement economy in targetted sectors. away from a high tax regime. I can thus, honourable members, declare Our intention, however, is not to move to to you without fear of contradiction that the a completely open trading regime, overnight, International Relations state of the nation is sound and healthy We given some of its negative and unaccepta On the world scene and on the field of inter• face 1990, not with fear and foreboding, but ble effects, such as the reduction in employ• national relations, Zimbabwe continues to with hope and with full confidence in the full ment levels, importation of luxury goods or play a progressively important role. We are capacities and resourcefulness of our people even junk, as well as the possibility of forc• active members of many regional and inter• to attain even higher levels of achievement ing strategic industries to close down. national forums concerned with socio- than hitherto.

THEME: UNITY, PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT

The President's Ndtionai Tree Planting Day Message, 2nd December, 1989

oday marks the tenth year Zimbabwe T has been planting trees as an attempt to reverse the decline in size and quality of; our national indigenous forests. The nation has since 1980 planted over 8 million trees now, and over 70 percent of these tre« have survived. Over the last nine years, tree plant• ing activities have been extended to school children, family households, and farming communities. Of late, we have been tntly heartened by the increasing participation of the private sector in which companies such as BAT, Plate Glass, and Lever Brothers are playing a leading role.

Indeed, we can boast of an annual tree planting activity which ha^ become nation• President Mugabe planting a tree during the National Tree Planting Day al in character. I am personally proud of this and would like to invite more from tjie pri: vate sector to participate in combating deforestation which has become a national Let me reiterate that the protection and proper management of our natural resources problem. enhancement of the environment and the are fundamental prerequisites to sustained Continued on page 24 ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 21 ZANU PF Members of the Politburo

Comrade Robert Gabriel Mugabe: President

Comrade Welshman Mabhena: Secretary for Comrade John Nkomo: Secretary for Comrade Sally Mugabe: Secretary for Transport and Social Welfare Production and Labour Women's Affairs

Comrade Joyce T.R. Mujuru: Secretary for Comrade Herbert Ushewokunze: Secretary Comrade Thenjiwe Lesabe: Education for Health Committee Member

22 ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, ^99($ Comrade Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo: Vice Comrade Simon Vengai Muzenda: Vice Comrade Joseph Msika: National Chairman President President

Comrade Stephen Nkomo: Secretary for Comrade Sydney Sekeramayi: Secretary for Comrade Nathan Shamuyarira: Secretary External Relations National Security for Publicity and Information

Comrade Ernest Rusununguko Kadungure: Comrade : Secretary for Comrade Eddison Zvobgo: Secretary for Secretary for Youth Economic Affairs Legal Affairs

Comrade Bernard Chidzero: Comrade Richard Hove: Comrade Nolan Makombe: Committee Member Committee Member Committee Member

ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 23 life heritage. All this, therefore, urgently calls where Government will increase its support for development methods that are environ• in the planting and management of wood- mentally sound. lots. I wouki like to express my sincere hope One principle that couW be adopted is that that by now every District throughout the in every development project that involves country has set aside such a woodbt. If there cutting down of trees, the developer should, are some Distrcts that, for one reason or out of conscience, be forced to plant an equal another, have not done so, I wouW like to number of trees at the project site or some• urge them to establish these woodlots now. where nearby. It would be much healthier Lastly, every year I have spoken about the for developers to adopt this habit than to need to protect and promote our indigenous wait until Government comes down with forests. It remains my fervent hope that peo• stringent reclamation measures. ple will understand that planting of exotic However, my message to you today is, trees is short-term strategy to preserye our firstly, to invite you to participate in tree fast-disappearing indigenous trees. Our long- planting from now henceforth at the individu• term goal is to bring back as much of our al, family and. community levels. 1 must indigenous tree species as possible. I would repeat here my invitation to the private sec- therefore like to invite both public and pri• jtor to join us in this national programme. vate industry to spare our indigenous tim• Tree planting is one activity that is well wi• ber, and instead use exotic timber as much thin our capability, and one which has many as possible. positive effects on the environment in gener• al, and on the lives of our people in We need constantly to remember that it particular. is our actions that are causing deforestation and that, therefore, it is our actions that are Remember, it has taken us nine years to required to replenish our forests. We must Above: school children planting trees plant eight million trees. This is good but commit oursfelves to a massive national tree- could be improved. I think that with a popu• planting programme. I therefore once again Continued from page 21 lation of nearly 10 million, Zimbabwe could strongly urge all Zimbabweans to plant at easily plant eight million or more trees ev• least one tree on the 2nd of December, 1989, devetopment, particularly in an agriculturally ery year. I believe this can happen if only and ten others throughout the season this based econorrjy such as we have in all of our people are involved. year • Zimbabwe. Conservation Programme We need to protect our soils from erosion Secondly, my government last year in order to maintain our presfent level of crop launched a prograrhme code-named "Oper• PAMBERI NEKUSIiVlA NEKUCHENGETEDZA yields. Our water and air must be kept clean ation Greenbelt" in which every District was Mm . for our health. Furthermore, our ecosystems expected to set aside an area of considera• must be kept intact as much as possible to ble size for planting trees. These Selected PAMBIU LOKUHLANYELA LOKULONDOLOZA allow for the continued existence of our wild areas will become official district woodlots IZIHLAHLA

THEME: UNITY, PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT Mubako on Social Welfare Problems Staff Reporter

ocial problems still remain a thorn are still prevalent in the country. in the flesh of the Ministry of Labour, The scourging problem of street begging, Manpower Planning and Social Wel• S he said, which government identified and fare, Comrade Simbi Mubako, speaking in his sought to dislodge not only survives but is capacity as acting Minister of Labour, Man• still growing and spreading. power Planning and Social Welfare said when he opened a senior officers' annual confer• ence at Ruwa near Harare. Common Site He said the attempts to minimise the inci• in Harare and many other towns, the desti• tute and young unemployed kids are a com dence of begging, vagrancy, destitution, mon site. Old methods and remedies must prostitution, juverule delinquency and "street be re-examined, he said adding, "do our child syndrome" which are aspects of present methods really rehabilitate anybody Comrade Simbi Mubako poverty have not been successfully dealt or do we only clear the streets today only with by the department of Social Welfare to have the little boys and the blind and dis• principally because of lack of financial, abled back on the street tomorrow? We must tion or until government finds more foreign material and human resources. find solutions recognising the present con• currency." The Member of Parliament for Ndanga-East straints. The search for solutions to our grow Comrade Mubako revealed that the Minis• said greater attempts should be made to rec• ing problems must not be postponed until try of Labour, Manpower Planning and So• tify these social problems since some of them we have eliminated unemployment in the na- cial Welfare is concerned about the officers'

24 ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 viability to find effective solutions to these involve the whole organised society such as troduction of food for work projects which problems. He sslid however, that the minis• parties, churches and traditional groups. is already under implementation in... affect• try will do everything in its power to equip ed provinces will help to Screen the needy them with necessary skills. ". .. The professional social worker is . . . expected to search tor an effective and less from those with means and most important• "If we look at the problem of prostitution, ly will minimise the dependency syndrome all the signs are that we are fighting a los• costly method of eliminating the evils of poverty which characterise developing coun• of our hard-working rural populace," Com• ing battle and our strateges andtactlcs need rade Mubako said. to be changed. We all know that the period• tries such as ours", he said when he ad• ic police raids on red light areas of our towns dressed thi senior officers. He said the programme will be enforced in a humane manner to those who are able- and taking the sisters of vice to Mashumbi He said since independence, government bodied and will be implemented in such a pools have raised more problems than they has been engaged in designing a new deliv• way that there will be no prejudice to desti• have solved. ery infrastructure inorder to provide ade• tute persons who are not yet implementing quate services to all people especially those "Each raid brought angry protests that the food for work projects, to the aged and located in the rural areas who suffered from wrong women are harassed; that the raids infirm. were directed only at women leaving out neglect by the past colonial administration. "In answer to the destabilisation of the men when everybody knew that it takes two The minister expressed satisfaction that iV\NR banditry and the brutal acts of crimi• to tango; and that in any case the sisters who the department's staff establishment had in• nality perpetrated on our civilian population were unfortunate enough to be collected only creased in answer to its expanded responsi• in the border areas of south east, eastern and stayed out of reach for a few weeks and bilities of tackling social problems of drought • north eastern parts of Zimbabwe, the depart• would come back to town unrepentent and relief, refugees, rehabilitation and destitution. unreformed. ment has played a crucial role in cushion• ing the adverse effects and giving succour "Here again our policy seems to have fallen However, because of unattractive condi and care to both our people and our brothers flat on its face and prostitution is becoming tions of service and poor remuneration, the and sisters from Mozambique," explained institutionalised not only in our cities, towns minister said the department has lost a sig• Comrade Mubako. and mine compounds but also at growth nificant number of professional staff partic• ularly at the entry grade. He hoped that the points and townships as well," the minister He said four refugee camps have been, professional rationalisation exercise that is related. created with the fifth, Chambuta, expected currently underway will soon result in en• to come on main stream soon. More than He said recent press reports point to the hanced benefits to the professional staff and 80 000 Mozambican refugees are now prevalence of this vice and the attendant others. problem of the spread of sexually transmit• provided for under the.coordination of the ted disease (STD) case including the dread• department of Social Welfare in receiving ed epiderrruc AIDS at places like Gutu, Mureh- care, education, skills tr'aining and other ap• propriate forms of assistance in the four refu• wa, Zaka and other comrnunal areas. Drought gee camps now operational in Zimbabwe. Because of drought and other demands, the Solutions department's services have been many and Assistance of a varied nature that is Substantial aspects, he reiterated, concern• varied. However, the country is self-sufficient designed to minimise the disruption of sta• ing the aeation of an appropriate profession• in food but transport problems have hin• ble family life is being rendered to the civilian al approach to social problems should re• dered drought relief programmes. Comrade population suffering from MNR bandit at• main high and reflected on the agenda. Mubako expressed satisfaction at the depart• tacks. ment's efforts to ensure a liquid distribution "In our search for new solutions, we must Comrade Mubako thanked the department of food. start by'recognising that the government for its tireless efforts in tackling the country's alone cannot solve all problems. We need to "Together with other... ministries, the in• social problems. •

Pasipamire on War Veterans Association

staff Reporter

he Zimbabwe War Veterans Associa• ciety. "Society was not fast in integrating ex- tended to be more and more capitalist tion came so suddenly that some combatants and it failed to employ them." viewed the organisation as a threat to their T people, including senior party officials The association was formed to address the ideology. "We are confi-onted with a lot of panicked when the news reached them. unemployment problems faced by many ex- opposition from certain leaders within the What disturbed most people is that the as• combatants, said the secretary, adding that party, especiaDy those who have lost the sociation came concurrently with the Zim• those who were employed were increasing• direction of the party," he said. babwe Unity Movement (ZUM). Is it a politi• ly being victimised. It was the duty of the cal party? That was the question. association to protect these comrades from "Ex-combatants are going to talk as one." Comrade Pasipamire dismissed the rumour In an interview with the Zimbabwe News such situations. that the ex-combatants were forming a po• recently, the interim seaetary of the Zim• "Ex-combatants were being isolated in ev• litical party or that they were linked with babwe War Veterans Association, Comrade ery terms," said dpmrade Pasipamire. In fact ZUM. He said that they were political soldi• Chris Pasipamire, said that the association the war veterans association represents the ers who fought under ZANU PF and PF-ZAPU was just a welfare organisation. true cadreship of the party and it will edu• and that they were solidly behind President The association which comprises excom- cate and explain the objectives of the war Mugabe. batants from both ZANLA and ZIPRA. was to the masses." \ formed in April 1989 in an attempt to inte• However, Comrade Pasipamire pointed out grate them into society. Comrade Pasipamire that there were some senior party and "President Mugabe is dedicated to the prin• said that the history of the Zimbabwe liber• government officials who were opposed to ciples of scientific socialism." Comrade ation war was fast losing its meaning in so• this new association. Those officials who Pasipamire said.

ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 25 Asked on the criteria being used in join• the Zimbabwe War Veterans Association has of the ex-combatants were employed by the ing the Zimbabwe War Veterans Association, a constitution. The oiling party drafted a con• Zimbabwe National Army arid Airforce while the secretary said that only those who stitution and the war veterans drafted their others were in the civil service. However, trained under ZIPRA and ZANLA were eligi• own, and after comparing the two draft con• almost 60 000 ex-combatants are not ble, adding that those who deviated from the stitutions, the ex-combatants came up with employed. principle of the revolution during or after the the final document: armed struggle do not qualify to be Meanwhile, the association wants to set members. To emerge with this document, they up a medical institution for the disabled ex- Responding to another question as to why looked at the Vietnamese, Algerian and other combatants and to build shrines at places they did not bring in some veteran "muji- socialist countries' war veterans which were bombed by the Rhodesian forces bas" and "zvimbwidos", Comrade Pasipa• constitutions. in Zambia and Mozambique during the war mire said that the ex-combatants had a Achievements of liberation. unique experience of the bitter war. He said that the association was aware of those other The association has launched a fund raising Problems two groups and told the Zimbabwe News campaign and has so far received a gener• Comrade Pasipamire stressed the lack of that "mujibas" and "chimbwidos" were go• ous donation of $30 000 from Amai Mugabe. property in the organisation. "We do not ing to be incorporated into the association However, the organisation would like to raise have funds for vehicles, offices and other on a later stage. $1 million which will be used to fund projects properties, adding that the association was that include durawall building, manufactur• not yet registered and it was difficult to get Constitution ing and other income generating projects. funds from donors because the organisation Comrade Pasipamire reiterated that the as-" The association will concentrate on is not widely recognised. However, he ex• sociation is an independent welfare organi• manufacturing because it is labour intensive, pressed hope that the association will be sation that seeks to solve the plight of the hence would employ more people. The or• registered at the end of becember 1989 and ex-combatants by helping them secure jobs. ganisation will also establish a security com• a permanent executive will be elected in Janu• Uke any other war veterans association, pany. Comrade Pasipamire said that some ary, 1990.

Acquire Skill s to Fight Injustice IVIuji uru Tells Women staff Reporter

omen have been challenged to ac- justice and enhance their access to economic Making the call in Harare on December 15, quire academic and professional and political resources. 1989 the Minister of Community and Co- Wi skills that will assist them fight in-. operative Development and Women's Affairs,

26 ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 Comrade Joyce Mujuru said, "Women's des economic and political resources. women to better their lives. tiny lies in their own hands, therefore, wom• I wish to dwell further on the question of en themselves must make the socio• the acquisition of skills because unless wom: Roles economic environment respond to their en are equipped with appropriate skills to I am well aware that women have multiple needs." enable them to take advantage or challenge roles to play both in the home and at the Comrade Mi^uwwasf losing,'a one-day .the syst|m,^,en wejwill find it extremely normal work places and indeed they do not meeting of women managers frorti the pri• ditfiall^^elKtihytmeaningful integratfen have as much free time on their hands as vate and public sectors organised by the Zim• of women in development. Women's desti• their menfolk. However, these multiple roles babwe Institute of Engineers when she said ny lies in their own hands, therefore, wom• should not be used as excuses for sitting the following: en themselves must make the socio• back and not fighting for our rights within economic environment respond to their our various organisations and institutions. We have now come to the end of a very needs. exciting day in which we have shared a lot If anyone of us here thinks for a moment of experiences and information pertaining to How can women do this, you may well that women managers, particularly those in the role and status of women managers. I ask? Several answers could be put forward formal employment, have insurmountable must admit that this workshop has been to this question, such as: — that women problems in trying to harmonise their roles rather special in that it has created oppor• must increase their awareness about their in the home and work places, then that per• tunities for women academics and women actual potential abilities in order for them to son has not yet taken stock of the tens of managers from both public and private sec• build the type of confidence that will enable roles that our women in the rural areas un• tors to meet and discuss a key subject which them to fight for their rights and not only dertake every single day. Yet these women 1 believe has far reaching implications on the survive but also win. continue to work hard for the survival of the degree to which women can be effectively Secondly, women need to acquire the tech• families and indeed continue to demand for integrated in the development process. nical or managerial skills relevant to their line the betterment of their way of life. of interest. Whether one is a community lead• I would therefore, like to challenge wom• We have spent a whole day, looking at er, or a manager in a rural co-operative, or en managers to create time, within their al how best woman can deal with the in one's own business, or in a large organi• ready congested schedules, for networking challenges that confront them as more and sation, one must acqiiire sufficient amongst themselves in order to increase the more take up positions of seniority in the var• knowledge with which effective decisions knowledge of what is happening in society ious organisations and institutions which which promote the welfare of the organisa• and thereby increase their bargaining power. they serve. We discussed and deepended our tion or institution are made. One can not be understanding of the legal, cultural, political an effective leader unless one has the skills These are just a few ideas which I hope, and economic underpinnings of wornen's to do so. To use a common euphemism. "A coupled with the many brilliant ideas that subordination and it is my hope that this blind man cannot lead another blind marv". were shared during the course of this work• workshop will serve as a springboard from Women must also acquire the ability to shop, will go a long way in facilitating the which programmes and projects to meet the work with and support one another. This is Identification of ways and means through specific needs of women will emerge. a very important matter but one in which. which women can make effective and sus• I am sad to say. we are still Jagging behind tainable interventions in policy and decision Managerial Posts our menfolk. Women, particularly at the making bodies. This workshop should there,- It is a well known fact that women are in• managerial levels have failed to create effec• fore be seen as part of on-going processes creasingly assuming managerial and execu• tive net-working systems in which they can of articulating women's needs and im tive posts in various organisations. However, share information and ideals relevant to their plementing effective and congruent action it is equally true that women's participation survival in or their ability to infiltrate the strategies. ' .in policy and decision making posts is very male dominated areas. In conclusion, I wish to thank the Zim• low compared to that of men. These networks need not be formal. In fact, babwe Institute of Engineers for organising The greatest challenge that faces all of us I believe it is largely through informal net• this successful conference and for inviting me here and indeed the women of Zimbabwe as works that men share most of the informa• to take part in the event. I also wish to thank a whole, is for us to create conditions in tion that they need to know about what is the participants and In particular the which we can gain skills that will enable us going on and where to get what. Women panelists for their brilliant contributions to utilise the existing socio economic order, leaders must find ways to increase their in• which have made this conference a success. where possible, or to challenge It, where terest and concern for the plight of their less Vyith these few words, what is now left Is necessary, in order to assert our rights, fortunate sisters, and they must use their po• for me to declare this conference on women redress injustices and increase our access to sitions to increase opportunities for other in management officially closed. I i

hile general workers at St Peters "We have not received the 16 percent sa• Kubatana Secondary School are lary increase announced by the govern• Jobs Threatened Wdemanding a pay rise, the school's ment", said the spokesman of the workers board of trustees is waiting for an approval who ^declined to be named. from the Ministry of Labour, (Manpower Plan• as Clampdown ning and Social Welfare to retrench twenty Although the spokesman said that eleven on School's and increase the remaining workers' salar• workers resigned because of frustration, the ies by 10 percent.' head of the Vocational Training School, Costs Begins Brother Dominic Shonhiwa said that those who have left the school have found alter• In an-interview with the Zimbabwe native employment. News recently, a spokesman for the workers Staff Reporter at the school said the general workers are One of the workers who has been with the disgruntled over the administration's failure Institution for 5 years expressed dlsgruntle- to increase their salaries by 16 percent. The ment over the low salary of $124 he is earn• 16 percent increase was effective from luly ing. Another employee who has worked for 1, 1989. the school for more than 15 years told the

ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 27 /

Zimbabwe News that the $259 he is they are not getting the favours they used presently there are only nine form one class getting is too little considering the rise in the to get from Father Davis" said .Brother es. The school offers classes up to form four cost of living. Shonhiwa. . and has a Vocational Training School offer• Mr Dewhurst said t|jere was confusion ing practical skills in carpentry, engineering, Allegations ' when the new administration was formed building, farming, motor mechanics and Many workers interviewed including those and the workers are not yet used to the new poultry. who belong to the Marimba Band alleged environment. On the question; of skills train• that they were not allowed to form a wor• ing, he said the institution trains students The school's enrolment has gone down by kers' committee and are not under the pen• to be self-reliant. 25 percent. sion scheme. The board of trustees will carry out a job However, some of the problems of the wor• kers were brought to the attention of the ' The board of trustees which administers evaluation exercise on all jobs done by the Ministry of Labour Manpower Planning and the school denied the allegations that wor• general workers. He added that the services Social Welfare by the administration and an kers are refused to form a workers' of most workers were not really useful and official from the ministry told workers that committee. the administration has already applied to the Ministry ofLabour, Manpower Planning and their problems were being looked into. "The workers have never been able to or• Social Welfare to lay off 20 workers and put The head of the VTS indicated that any is• ganise themselves to form a workers' com• into effect a 10 percent salary increase for sue pertaining to woricers before the new ad• mittee and what these workers are saying the workers who survive the chop. ministration took office cannot be attribut• is false", said Brother Shonhiwa. ed to them. Since the case of the workers Small Bucket - Giving his version, the chairman of the was in the hands of the ministry, he urged The headmaster of the school Comrade Vin• board of trustees. Mr. Cyril Dewhurst, said workers to be patient and accept the expla• cent Dupkwa who is also a member of the when Father Davis, a Jesuit who had been nations they were giving them. board of trustees, warned that the school's the principal of the school for the past 16 finances will not afford to maintain the ex• Mr. Dewhurst expressed the hope that years left in early April last year, a new ad• isting labour force. He agreed with other communicatioij between the administration ministrative structure was formed and wor• members of the board of trustees that a and the workers would improve to enable kers were not happy with these changes. He general work force ranging from 20 to 30 will the dust to settle at the institution and thus added that Father Davis used to give the wor• be suitable for the school. end the prevailing confusion. kers a lot of favours and privileges purely on humanitarian grounds. 'The general workforce of 66 is far too When asked about his view on the effec• large and very expensive to maintain. Ex• tiveness of a workers' committee in promot• Brother Shonhiwa also added that most penses at the school were very high and this ing communication between the administra• general workers cannot explain their duties burden was transferred on to students in the tion and the workers, the chairman agreed as they were recruited by Father Davis for form of high school fees. This is why the that this would certainly help. no specific jobs. , school has a low enrolment", added the headmaster.- "My experience in all the working environ• "All the 66 workers were recruited on hu• ments I have gone through is that a workers' manitarian grounds and at first this was tem• St Peters Kubatana, a Roman Catholic committee is a very effective means of com• poral. These workers are unhappy because School normally has 12 form one classes but munication", said Mr. Dewhurst. •

THEME: UNITY, PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT

Shandisai Pfungwa Co-operative Moves Into Cooking Oil Production

staff Reporter

ome 18 kilometres from Marondera S along Wedza Road towards Svosve communal area, a cooperative known as Shandisai Pfungwa, which used to concen trate on agriculture has expanded its activi• Some members of Shandisai Pfungwa Co• ties by embarking on a number of viable In the Carpentry workshop op in the final oil processing room projects with the help of ZIMFEP and other donors.

28 ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 In October 1988, with the guidance of works in the carpentry section, said the oil Shandisai Pfungwa co operative owns,two Comrade lohn Konrad, a ZiMFEP prefect co• project is still an experimental one. grinding mills. Originally they had one mill ordinator an oil making project was started. from whence they raised capital for the se• The cooking oil which is produced from This was immediately followed by a carpen• cond mitf which is now serving members of sunflowers grown at the farm has been exa• try and bakery project. The oil and carpen the co-operative as it is situated within their mined by experts and proved hygienic. The try projects are housed under the same com• residential area. oil is sold to the 65 members of the co• plex which was constructed by the co• operative and to the members of the local operative members. The bakery project produces bread which community. is sold to the members of Shandisai Pfung• Shandisai Pfungwa co-operative is situat• "We are planning to expand our market wa and to local people. The bread, like the ed on a farm which was donated to 40 ex- cooking oil, is sold in the co operative store as soon as the project proves viable enough combatants by the government in 1982. At and is produced from wheat grown at the to cater for a broader one", Comrade present there are only four founder members farm. Kanotemba said. out of the current 65 members. Some of the former members left after they failed to About 433 litres of oil produced every Most of these projects, according to Com• rade Kanotemba, are still at an experimen• produce enough for theirliving and for repay• month and Comrade Kanotemba revealed tal stage. The donors will leave everything ing AFC loans. that some quarters in Harare have shown iiiterest in the oil which is cheaper and of in the hands of co-dperators when they ai-e However, their departure did not mean an good quality. satisfied that they can manage on their own. end to the venture. New members from In their bid to get rid of the problem of un• Youth Training Centres and other agricultural The carpentry section is producing articles employment which has reached alarming colleges joined the co-operative! Out of the such as bed bases, tables, chairs and cabi• proportions in the country. Comrade present 65 members there are about 30 who nets which are sold to local people and in Kanotemba disclosed that plans are in the came from Mavhudzi Training Centre where Marondera. Since the project is still ex• pipeline to establish a textile and weaving they have been doing agriculture. perimental, they have not as yet established project. permanent markets. Besides the already existing seven depart• On the part of agriculture, the cooperative ments, i.e., carpentry, cooking oil production, Comrade Solomon Samanga, who is head of members grow crops like tobacco, wheat, preschool, bakery, agriculture, grinding mills the carpentry department, is happy with the maize, sunflower, soyabeans and also en• and the supermarket, the co-operative will progress made so far. gage in horticulture, beef cattle production. soon be opening their own clinic which will At present their herd stands at 179 and Com• also serve members of the surrounding com• Six members of the cooperative were sent rade Kanotemba said plans are afoot to ven• munity. At present they travel "for five to Britain to familiarise with the carpentry ture into dairy farming. kilometres to Dhirihori and Marondera for machines which they are now using. In all they have six efficient machines which ev• medical attention. The irrigation scheme at Shandisai Pfungwa ery member of the department has an Idea cooperative were donated by the Zimbabwe of how to operate. Production Project and a German Company. There are five members who run the pre• There are two manual oil crashing school of when two look after the welfare Last season they planted 50 hectares of machines which have a disadvantage of tak• of the children while the other three teach. wheat and at the time of going to press more ing a lengthy period to extract the oil from The five preschool staff members are quali• than a thousand bags of wheat had been the seeds. However, Comrade Charles fied teachers. delivered to the Grain Marketing Board. Kanotemba, a committee member who also

In front of the children is Comrade Chimutekuteku with the teachers^tandlnig behind

ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 29 The only tractor on the farm, which was Problems donated by the government when the co• Accomodation operative was formed is not adequate. It is Members of Shandisai Pfungwa are occupy• mainly used for ploughing. ing old houses which were left by the previ• ous owner of the farm. These houses are not Rural Cattle up to the required standard and with more Season after season, scores of cattle frOm members joining the cooperative there is Svosve Communal area destroy crops on the need for more houses but the problem is the farm Comrade Chimutekuteku said this has shortage of funds. Since 1982, no houses been happening for a long time and they have been built or renovated. have reported to the District Administrator but to no avail. Debt Since the co-operative was launched in "This time we are impounding the cattle 1982, the Agricultural Finance Corporation and owners have to pay $10 per beast for provided loans which were not repaid be• the damage caused," he said pointing to a cause of drought. herd of cattle in a paddock. He further stat• ed that the local people are allowed to graze The situation deteriorated to such an ex• their cattle on a large potion of the farm but tent that the AFC had to stop providing loans was surprised on why they had to leave to the co-operative. them damaging crops. ^/

It is then that the co-operators sought "I think the problem with them is that they financial assistance from ZIMFEP who agreed want to settle on this^farm. We do welcome to give them interest — free loans and tech• anyone who wants to join us provided they The co-ops kitchen nical assistance on conditions that the co• follow the right p!!:ocedures of joining a co• operative would take on school leavers as operative", he clarified. and when the opportunity arose. Comrade Daniel Chimutekuteku. secretary The other 6roblem faced by the co• for the cooperative said approximately dou• Transport operative is the cutting down of trees by the people from the communal areas. ble that amount was stiil in the granary. The co-operative suffers from a serious In the event of a department failing to cope shortage of transport to ferry their produce "We have no problem with commercial with its work, other departments are always to the market. "We need transport for the farmers", he said and called upon the govern• ready to assist. co-operative to be viable," Mr. Black said. ment to assist in resolving this problem. •

THEME: UNITY, PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT Co-operative IMeeds Help staff Reporter

hakayavanhu co-operative in Glenview. NHarare has failed to take off the ground since it was instituted four years ago due to lack of funds.

The co-operative which acquired more than six hectares of land from the Harare City Council, tried to mould bricks at its incipient stage but this was characterised by failu"e. Comrade Patrick Mutendereki who is the chairman of the cooperative, attributed their failure to the acute shortage of cement and the problem of transport to ferry bricks to customers. Although the cooperative was known to some senior people in the Govern• ment and the ruling party. Comrade Muten• dereki alleged that neither the Government nor the party has come up to give a hand to the ailing venture.

The group which comprises 11 members has abandoned the brick moulding project and has embarked on agriculture which it .sees as viable. Because of the failure the co• Comrade Mutendereki pointing at the tomato plants operative has lost more than 12 members, said Comrade Mutendereki. crops grown include vegetables, tomatoes, The new agriculture venture was being car• onions and other garden plants. In the near ried out under an irrigation scheme and the future, the group intends to establish gum- Continued next page

30 ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 Dam Construction in Chivi — The Only Solution to end Drought

Staff Reporter

hivi district in Masvingo may soon be rescued from drought and C poverty following the construction of dams which would supply water to the area. The local Member of Parliament, Comrade losiah Hungwe said this in an interview with the Zimbabwe News in Harare recently. "Without water there is no development," he said. However, Comrade Hungwe said that the Go^'ernment had taken the right step in building dams in and argund Chivi because the local people could use the water on irigat- able land. By establishing some irrigation schemes in the area, it means that people could have three yields in a year. One of the dams under construction Tokwe Mukosi Dam sue which needs immediate attention. Chi• schemes in Chivi. The interminable drought Comrade Hungwe said the future construc• vi, with a population of 140 000 has to be has also,claimed the lives of so many tion of the Tokwe-Mukosi dam which is un• engaged in the resettlement programme if livestock leaving many people without cat• der a feasibility study will bring salvation to the existing land pressure is to be alleviated. tle to plough their fields. the people of his constituency after its On the issue of whether the provision of About four years ago the President, Com• completion. adequate water supplies was going to end rade Mugabe, cjeclared Chivi a national dis• The dam which Comrade Hungwe said was food shortage and unemployment taking aster area but denied that the plight of the going to be Zimbabwe's largest dam, will into account the exhausted soil and inade• •people of Chivi could not be resolved. supply the whole southern part of Zim• quate land, Comrade Hungwe said the reset• babwe. The Member of Parliament described tlement programme is to start soon. However, Comrade Hungwe paid special Chivi as an area with adequate river systems, tribute to the Government and other organi• Comrade Hungwe said that plans are afoot adding that it was very convenient to build sations for the genuine concern and efforts to resettle people in the idle area of Stockil more dams in the region. to end poverty in Chivi. He is convinced that and the Union Carbide. He said that the areas the idea of building dams is the only solu• The government has been supplying Chi• were underutilised and have fertile soils tion to end food shortages in his constituen• vi with food reliefsince the district was hit which were suitable for agricultural purposes. cy and the establishment of irrigation by drought which has made people languish Meanwhile, the European Economic Com• schemes would help in providing employ• for the past six years. munity (EEC) has pledged to help in the water ment to the local people. • The completion of the Tokwe-Mukosi dam would increase food production in the area Co-operative needs help — continued from page 30 and it would also reduce the serious local unemployment problem. tree and citrus plantations. The main objec• co-operative. He cited this as one of the fac• tive of the co-operative was to curb the un• tors that has contributed to the slow Despite poo|^ soils, pieces of land with fer• employment problem which has reached progress of the co-operative because it was tile soil could be used for irrigation purposes. alarming proportions in this country. Com• not recognised by those who were willing to He cited the Musvuugwa area which has an rade Mutendereki said that the group was help. irrigable land of 200 hectares and Bir\ inviting all youths to come up with ideas and dan'ombe with an area of about 30 hectares. To generate funds quickly, the group was make the venture viable. planning to start a poultry project and other In addition to the Tokwe-Mukosi dam, activities which are lucrative. It was a pity there are Muzhwi and Bindan'ombe dams Future Plans to realise that the co-operative's property which are being built at a cost of about $2,5 The group hopes to raise approximately was prone to thieves since there is no fence million. $400 a day from their garden products sales, around the establishment. However, Com• said the chairman, adding that the co• The President, Comrade Mugabe is very rade Mutendereki told the Zimbabwe News operative wanted to sink a borehole but it much concerned about the plight of the peo• that the group is in the process of acquiring had inadequate funds. ple in Chivi, hence he has asked the local peo• a security fence to protect its property. ple to come up with ideas which they think Of all 11 co-operative members, seven are Meanwhile, the local Member of Parlia• could improve the situation.^ full time. However, only one member, Com• ment, Comrade Idah Mashonganyika, said He assured the Member of Parliament, rade Misheck Chanhika, has undergone that the co-operative is failing to ^et funds Comrade Hungwe that he was going to pro agricultural training at Mt Hampden youth because of some beauracratic misunder• vide funds to any projects which were be• training centre. standings within the local (Glen View) politi• ing instituted in Chivi in an attempt to eradi• The chairman also expressed concern ove!' cal leadership. However, she told the Zim• cate poverty or to address the critical food the Ministry of Community and Co-operative babwe News that she is looking for donor shortages. Development and Women's Affairs for delay• agencies to help in providing the group with Land ing the registration of Nhakayavanhu as a funds. • The question of land pressure is another is-

ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1090 31 self had originally laughed off Norie• ga's "declaration of war"; and Bush's claim that American lives were threa• tened in Panama was a downright Aggression farce. As for the claim that the invasion Against Panama was intended to create democracy in Panama the world has every rea• son to doubt whether concern for the welfare of Panamanians weighed On the morning of Wednesday, De• gress of the united ZANU PF passed that significantly in America's think• cember 20 last year, over 25 000 the following resolutions on hearing ing about the action. America's lack American soldiers invaded Panama the sad news of the invasion: ". . . of interest, for example, in the — a very small country which is that the Party further condemns the Panamanian civilian death count has about one-fifth of the size of Zim• armed intervention by the United been shocking. babwe with about two million States in the internal affairs of Pana• people. ma contrary to the sacred principles The New York Times and Washing• enshrined in the charter of the Unit• ton Post ran hundreds of articles on The stated reasons for the Ameri• ed Nations against intervention and aspects of the invasion. The world can act of aggression were: interference in the internal affairs of would have thought that even the 1. To oust General Manuel Noriega other countries and the use of force fact of uncertainty and, confusion and bring him to the USA to face and aggression in international about numbers of civilian deaths, drug trafficking charges; relations." which were known to have been con• 2. To establish a so-called siderable, would have been worth an democratic government; Dr. Nathan Shamuyarira, our For• article or two. But the first article ad• 3. To prevent harrassment of eign Minister, said: "The Washington dressing itself primarily to civilian Americans living in Panama; administration must be reminded casualties appeared on page 23 of 4. To stop international drug that its actions, which are in utter the Washington Post 17 days after trafficking; and disregard and contempt of interna• the invasion! Yet compare the Ameri• tional law, have disastrous conse• 5. To preserve American interests can press's indifference to Panama• quences not only for the peace and in the Panama Canal Treaty. nian deaths with its lavish empha• stability of the already volatile Cen• Looking at these reasons, it is im• sis on — and it would seem, exag• tral American region but do indeed possible to see where the Americans geration of — the death count in threaten world peace and security. were able to derive the legal justifi• Romania. .. no country, not even a superpow• cation for their action which violat• er, has the right to regard other ed fundamental principles of interna• "Casting Noriega off for trial in countries as its backyard. Zimbabwe tional law. Thousands of people were America is another insult to Panama, also rejects the idea that one coun• killed during the invasion, and and a mockery of the nations of try should arrogate to itself the right Panamanian business groups esti• justice it is intended to celebrate," to impose upon another government mate that they suffered more than wrote Michael Kinsley (Time, January of its own preference". US$1 billion in damage from looting, 22, 1990). "After all, his crimes fires, explosives and gunshots. This gets us back to the issue against the United States are petty raised at the beginning of this arti• trivial compared with his crimes The American action, though cle: why did America invade against his own country. It doesn't popular among right-wing circles at Panama? really blunt the insult that the home, has received world-wide con• , Panamanians are happy enough to demnation. The Organization of Looking at the behaviour of certain see him go, and offered him up to American States described it as a Western leaders in recent years it has the United States as a sort of reward. threat to peace and security in the been suggested that perhaps the region. They were joined by all East American action was undertaken to "Lacking the courage of our own European countries, and many Eu• prove President George Bush's "man• imperialism, we in the United States ropean Economic Community coun• hood". Those who take this line point are now going to twist our justice tries in condemning the action. Presi• to the Reagan invasion of Grenada, system to make a trial of this petty dent Fidel Castro of Cuba sent an an• the Thatcher's military action in the foreign dictator, whose country we gry letter to the United Nations Falklands and suggest that after invaded to grab him, fit into conven• Secretary-General, Dr. Perez de Cuel- these episodes "an early mini-war is tional criminal procedure." lar. "It is not the first time that a probably turning into a standard ex• .The point being made here was small nation of our America faces the pectation for future Western lead• put in different words by President interventionist claw of the United ers." Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia whenvhe States government. Santo Domingo, Certainly the ostensive reasons said: "I do not think Noriega has any Grenada and Nicaragua are recent support in Zambia but still the wounds . . .," said Dr. Castro. given for the invasion were mostly phony: there was no danger to the sovereignty of a state must be Here in Zimbabwe, the first Con• Panama Canal; the White House it• respected," •

32 ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 19^ he recent launching of pressure Pressure Groups Launched T groups by the Consumer Council of Zimbabwe has brought hope for to Educate Rural Consumers many rural consumers ignorant of their Tights. on Rights In an interview with the Zimbabwe News, the research officer of the CCZ, Comrade staff Reporter Zephaniah Taruvinga, said the establishment of pressure groups was aimed at starting a areas to be cautious and spend their money nation-wide campaign in educating rural peo• wisely. ple about their rights as consumers. Whenever the consumers feel that a trader The education on consumer rights in rural is treating them unfairly, they should boy• areas was started because the CCZ greatly cott that trader. The CCZ, whose slogan is symphathises with rural people and this ex• "Resistence is the best weapon" is unwaver• ercise will equip the people with skills and ing on its call for consumers to take action techniques of determining faulty commodi• an unfair practice against by the traders. ties. I Reflecting on the effectiveness of pressure groups which are already operational in Tlie Rights of Consumers Marondera and Chitungwiza, the research The CCZ uses the eight universal consumer officer said their activities were generally well rights approved by the United Nations accepted by the people and their desired im• through the General Assembly in the in• pact was being felt. terpretation of its daily activities and these are: "The formation of pressure groups is an 1. The right to basic needs: Means the right exercise aimed at mobilising consumers to to basic goods and services which guaran• take appropriate action whenever their rights tee survival. are abused", said Comrade Taruvinga. Comrade Zephania Taruvinga, a research 2. Theright to safety: Means the right to be officer with the CCZ • Comrade Taruvinga explained that pres• protected against products, production sure groups consist of members of the CCZ processes and services which are harzadous ,who volunteer to help in educating rural col• to health or life. leagues about their rights as consumers and 3. Theright to be informed: Means the right on what action to take if their rights are pends on government grants but these funds to be given the facts needed to make an in• abused by traders. are not adequate to meet all their operating formed choice or decision. Consumers must costs. be provided with adequate information ena- Although these pressure groups cannot bUng them to act wisely and responsibly. spread throughout the country's rural areas, Responding to a question on whether the those consumers who receive education on CCZ helps in making scarce goods available 4. The right to choose: JVleans the right to their rights wouW organise themselves and in remote areas the research officer said so have access to a variety of products and impart their knowledge to other people. far they have not started venturing into that services at. competitive prices and in the case subject yet. of monopolies to have an assurance of satis• "Apart from using the pressure groups, the factory quality and service at a fair price. CCZ intends to use the ZANU PF party struc• "We only appeal to the government to re• tures. Village Development Committees (VID- lax some of its controls on scarce goods", 5. Theright to be heard: Means the right to COS) and other organisations which have the reiterated Comrade Taruvinga. advocate consumers' interests with a view interests of people at heart", he added. According to the CCZ constitution he to their receiving full and sympathetic con• sideration in the formulation and execution Warning rural business people about hik• showed to the Zimbabwe News crew, every of economic and other policies. ing prices, he said such malpractices would consumer has a right to return a faulty com• meet the full wrath of the law becuse over• modity he or she has purchased if it does 6. The right to redress: Means the right to charging is illegal and the argument for high not serve the purpose which it is intended. a fair settlement of just claims. It includes transport costs does not hold water since an "There should be a three-month guaran• the right to receive compensation or shod• allowance is given for this. tee that the bought item will serve its purp- dy goods or unsatisfactory services and the soe which it is intended for", he explained. availability of acceptable forms of legal aid Price Control Regulation or redress for small claims where necessary. "The price control regulation states that for The law of implied warranty as mentioned 7. The right to consumer education: Means every 25 kilometres travelled by a rural in the CCZ constitution states that one uses the right to acquire the knowledge and skills trader there is an allowance given for that. an item she or he bought just as it was used to be an informed consumer throughout life. It is unfortunate that our rural consumers by the original seller. This does not have to The right to consumer education incor• are ignorant of this law and the burden of be stated as it is common and expected that porates the right to knowledge and skills high prices falls on them", added Comrade the commodity will fulffl its purpose. needed for taking action to influence factors Taruvinga. On the question of goods which are whk:h affect consumer decisions. Comrade Taaivinga indicated that in some damaged while in transit, he said the trans• 8. The right to a healthy Environment: Me• cases he sympathises vrith rural traders to porters are held responsible. a certain extent because the government ans the right to a physical environment that regulated transport allowances for rural "At present, transporters including bus will enhance the quality of life. It includes traders do not cater completely for the trans• operators are only held responsible for protection against environmental dangers port costs they incur. damages but we are now planning to make over which the individual has no control. It He cited financial constraint as the major tfiem pay for the losses as well", he said. acknowledges the need to protect and im• problem in the education mission of the CCZ. prove the environment for present and fu• The research officer said his organisation de- The research officer urged consumers in rural ture generations. ,•

ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 33 Perestroika — Way of Restructuring the Economy Part II by Gandi Mudzingwa

elow is the second part of the story mand of the individual enterprises a small litical system would therefore suffer on Perestroika whose first part was possible quantity of goods for which it would resistance. In short the old political system B published in the December issue of undertake to buy and distribute. Production was now incongrous with the other changes. this magazine. The writer concludes that if of quantities above the government quota Among other things its economic role had socialism is rejected today by the Soviet peo• and means of attaining that quantity would to be changed and be strictly defined. ple as some people may want us to believe, be guided by limits on resources. The absence of a clear cut distinction be• he can only blame the idealism of those In such a way the initiative at the individu• tween the legislature, the executive and the responsible for making a noble course al enterprises could be mobilised. party and more often than not led to dupli• repugnant. cation of functions of the various structures Read on... Distribution of the above three organs. This often led to The over centralised state planning, ensur• Details on supply and demand for the conflicts. But in a country where the party ing quantity of production, had also to as• production use of these complexes was still is supreme its wishes prevailed over the sure its realisation. This was coupled with small and less complex. On the other hand other organs. a misconception of the fundamental concept demand and supply of commodities to the of socialist distribution. Accordingly every in• Party supremacy was not the whole consulning public was still less complicated. dividual producer receives back from socie• problem. It was that the party had become Rigid planning from the centre of a command ty — after the deductions have been made of its leadership too self preserving such that and administer type was not only therefore exactly, what he gives to it. This fundamen• interaction was one way, from the top down. feasible but also imperative for the state then tal principle of distribution which did not Decisions taken at the top often no longer could only take the more socialised few in• however qualify the time limits as such but reflected the realities of the situation. The dustrial complexes. gave other symptoms and conditions of its party had alienated itself from the people. With the increase, uncalled for or not, here transformation was and is practice. Taken By adopting the theme, "No decision it does not matter, in the number and varie• out of the practical context it can only be without the consent of the people," the 19th ty of complexes and the inclusion of the therefore a distortion. party conference of the CPSU, which took agricultural and services sectors, the volume Further the concept of productive labour place in the summer of 1988, approved of detail also increased. The technological re• and improductive labour with or without changes'in the country's political mechan• quirements of the varied production in• congealed labour, respectively, was distort• ism. It approved the inauguration of a sys• creased and their procurement as well be• ed to mean that the most contributory, to tem of legislature that is supreme over the came more complex. The situation continued society labour, was and is productive labour. party. The executive was to be totally free to grow in the thirties and got even worse It followed therefore that productive labour from party with the legislature exercising in the post war period. should be Rewarded more than unproductive only legislative control on it. Whilst the legis• Demand and supply of commodities also labour. lature comes by a form of popular election became more complex as a function of the the executive headed by an elected Prime Further still remuneration was not tied to picture in production. However, the approach \ Minister and Deputy Prime Minister, have the direct results of the individual labours, to centralised planning did not change with been turned into professional occupations. with state guaranteed pays. The right to these changes in the economic life. In an work became a right to irresponsibility, However, the new system has one distinct even growing desire to cope, the over cen• parasitism and an antistimulus. In times disadvantage. People directly choose only tralized system firstly, could only inhibit when an individual enterprise could not meet those who have to choose the legislature. The quick decisions and secondly, fail in compe• the plan governrnent aid could be expected legislature does not come by a direct popu• tence to pass decisions. In desparation to further redistributing monies raised else• lar vote. preserve and prolong its own life it would where in favour of the failing enterprise be only prudent to be divorced from the real• All in all, however, all was now set for the regardless of the cause. ities of the economy and give the command epoch marking changes that would deliver of what one can cope with. However, in the Perestroika had to put back on its feet the the awaited rejuvination of the Soviet socie• end it would affect the whole system from fundamental principle of socialist distribu• ty and bring back lost glory and prestige, A top to bottom. It would affect not only the tion. With realisation of part of individual new form of socialism had been attained. economy but perhaps the other state insti• product not centrally guaranteed remuner• Mobilisation of initiative and provision of a tutions as well. ation was further tied to realisation of the stimulus for the vast potential that the Soviet product in a cost accounting system. economy has now has a strong basis, Peres• It was little wonder then that such a sys• Remuneration was now no longer guaran• troika could have been complete by this act. tem could fail to respond quickly when the teed except on realisation of the product and However, the epoch of perestroika is differ• pending question is variety in decisions. Such the quantity of remuneration was to be de• ent from all preciding changes due its all em• a system could not cope when the order termined by the quantity of realisation of bracing character. It is no half measure, but changes from top to bottom and vice versa products. A stimulus was introduced by so a long process of conceptualising and apply. as was required of now, thus matching the doing. So therefore, only the legal basis of the real demand to supply. practical process has been laid so,far. Decisions passed from top down can only The Political Mechanism take the initiative out of the hands of the in• The Soviet political system suffered its own Other Aspects of Perestroika dividual enterprises, whence the lack of that distortions. However, in many ways it could Whilst changes in the concepts of centra• initiative at the bottom. This is what peres• be said that the over centralised system of lised state planning and in the political troika had to tackle. The state centralised sys• planning had groomed itself a correspond• mechanism have been received with moder• tem of economic planning was liberated in ing political mechanism. Elements of over ate opposition, other aspects of perestroika such a way as to give the individual enter• centralisation and the resultant effects were have often drawn vehement opposition and prises more decision flexibility in their all prevalent. Changes jn the methods of eco• criticism from the ranks of conservative so• production plans. The state would now de• nomic planning without changes in the po• cialists. Perhaps the most controversial re-

34 ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 mains the new formula of interaction be• lution was required. They remained therefore going. tween the socialist block and the rest of the cosmetic. Lastly, socialism is manageable. It is pos• world. Perestroika acknowledged the existence of sible to maintain the level of joint venture Ownership of the Means of Production cooperative property as socialist property. enterprises under socialist control. The central point of debate on socialism for Cooperatives could now operate in agricul• loint ventures are, no doubt, to be followed many years h^is been property ownership, ture as well as in the services and industrial by other forms of capitalist-socialist interac• which exhypothesis determines the existence sectors. It did not stop there. Families could tion. Socialism should aim at getting maxi• of exploitation or its preclusion from socie- now enter into production ventures as au• mum advantage of these new forms of ,ty. State owned property became a meas• tonomous entities provided no hired labour interaction. ure of success of socialism or its failure. was used. However, in this question many happy go Further, rental relations in production were Glasnost luck marxists often ignored practical reali• introduced. This is when a family, an in• To the better part of the public perestroika ty. Looking not further than their nose they dividual or a group of workers use socialist started with glasnost, a relaxation of controls could not go further to draw a difference be• state property on a rental basis paying a on information, in reality, however, it was tween the judicial ownership of means of fixed sum of money in rents. only the 19th party conference which took production and the real social ownership of place in the summer of 1988 that laid the the means of production. If real ownership Joint Ventures basis for a far reaching policy of glasnost. of the means of production entails among Perhaps the most bitterly contested aspect It approved individual rights and changes in other things control and management of that of perestroika in property ownership have the political mechanism. The Soviet people property by those who own it, it follows then been socialist — capitalist joint production could at last enjoy the freedom to appoint that, ownership is a process of practice and ventures. These are forms of production and elect people they felt represented their secondly not all state owned property is in cooperations between capitalist companies interests best. on the one hand and socialist enterprises on the proper sense of the word socialist Before the conference glasnost was more the other within the USSR. property. Socialism in property evidences it• on foreign policy than an internal feature in self in the process of practice. It is therefore A historical marxists maintain that these practice. It was oftai a one man show whose the interaction of the judicial and the practi• joint ventures foster exploitation as a part longevity depended much on the leader that cal forms of using the property that give so• of the congealed labour is appropriated as be. cialist property. surplus value in the profits that accrue to the If socialist property ownership is owner• capitalist partner. This is a true fact. Profit Conclusion ship of the productive property that is surplus value under capitalist conditions Perestroika is an ongoing process. Its main precludes exploitation then it follows that of production. aim is to'find the means and ways of better any form of ownership that precludes exploi• mobilisation of both human and natural If the argument be followed further tation under socialism is in essence socialist. resources under socialism in the USSR. It fur• however, it maintains that socialism under Before us then we have the possibility of ex• ther aims at creating conducive conditions the conditions of continued existence of istence of socialist property in many varied for their unimpeded further progress. At capitalism should be exploitation free. It fol• forms. These would range from individual, home and abroad it aims at the same. It is lows therefore that no economic intercourse cooperative, rental forms to state owned. a tactical and practical move towards the between the two systems is plausible. Fur• eventual elimination of exploitation in its ther, socialism should server all economic re• It was however the misconception in the forms. notion of centrdllsed planning that gave rise lations with the capitalist countries. Perestroika is not an aben-ation, neither is to the declaratiori of only two forms of so• It is not difficult to see that the above con• it a renegation on socialism as some may cialist property. In fact only one form was tention is the conceptual end. However, be• like to make us believe. Those who fear that declared possible and that was state owned tween the end and the present is a histori• it might revive capitalism are simply adv(x:at- property. Cooperative property was declared cal process. Like all historical processes this ing for state rigid socialism imposed by a feature of the agricultural sector which as process is practice. During the process in so• governments on the people. They forget that its backwardness was being liquidated would ciety things do not take mathematical for• socialism was not imposed by any govern• cease to exist. mulae but often zig zag themselves in a ment on the people of the USSR but that general tendency towards the conceptual But nature remains what it is, nature. It those same people elected to pursue the so• end. is only by cognising its natural laws that we cialist course. They therefore will not allow can command it. Any pretentions on com• Exploitation free society is an eventual end aberrations or renegations on decades of prehending its natural laws always meet in and in the way stands practice. Its eventual conquest. If socialism should be rejected to• practice with natural failure. Questions taken attainment is practice and therefore tactical. day by the Soviet people, however, I can only out of the historical context, obstractions in It is in this practical consideration that joint blame the idealism of those responsibleJor practice lead to sharp contradictions. ventures should be viewed. making a noble course repugnant. The declared forms of socialist productive If the question is tackled in the cSntem- Only perestroika can revive interest and property begun to loose ability to stimulate porary, practical and historical context then real hope in socialism. Naturally parasitic in• production. This was especially so in the joint ventures are necessary for the reasons, ternationalists dogmats and those benefit• agricultural sector. Excessive funding of the among others, stated below. Firstly, trans• ing from the existing state of affairs will agricultural sector, propaganda and all could fer of technology and skills of all kinds. No begrudge it. Socialism, as demonstrated by not deliver. The supply of agricultural single country today can boast of a monop• some aspects of its first decades is practical produce, its production remained below the oly on the above. and not a mere lament of the poor. All that potentially possible as shortages prevailed. is needed in implementing it is honest, prog- Secondly, joint ventures are a source of matism and objectivity. We have seen somewhere earlier the credit, a relief on the tight resources. potential of the Soviet economy in terms of How much perestroika should succeed de• Third, they promote the prevailing wind of the productive forces. The answer to the puz• pends much on how the current concepts peace consolidating what has been achieved. zle therefore lay in the production relations are going to be put into practice. However, Needless to mention how well peace augurs that had to be brought to match the level it is my humble opinion that interest has for, the fast and purposeful development of of development of the productive forces. been aroused across the breadth and width socialism. Earlier attempts had been made to ac• of the whole of the USSR. Leaders may knowledge new forms of property ownership Fourth, joint ventures can alleviate the cur• change but with the motivating force placed but had met with the stifling effects of the rent vast pressures, a result of the current right in the hands of the people. Perestroika over centralised state planning. A whole revo• far reaching changes the country is under cannot possibly fail.

ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 35 TALKING POINT Zimbabwe Needs a Police Force of High Calibre By Ronald Imbayago

he volume and level of sophistication ed, police should be more stylish and T of crime in Zimbabwe is causing great sophisticated than criminals. concern to the police, the public and the Government — hence our police should in• There is a great need for the police to im• crease its force and improve standards of prove its tactics of catching thieves to coun• prevention and detection of crime. ter the dirty tricks employed by criminals. Noone is above the law, police should treat Indeed, the crime rate in Zimbabwe, is everyone equally so that our judicial system steadily rising and therefore needs to be is respected. curbed before it is too late. During the latter half of 1989, there were shocking incidents Even if police can enrich the content of its of armed robbery which indicate that the training programmes and improve the complexity of crime in this country cannot methods and institutions on crime preven• go unchallenged. tion, their operations can still be hampered I am of the opinion that our police should by poor* means of communication. severely deal with law-breakers. What makes Law and order can be maintained easily the nation wary is that the crime rate is in• if our police is fully equipped. Knowledge, creasing on all fronts. That is sabotaging the skills and transport system in the police force economy of the country in a subtle way. should be improved.

To cite as an example of a dreadful armed However, with an honest police force, a robbery is the How gold mine incident in police force that is detemiined to eradicate Matabeleland last year in which two securi• lawlessness in the country, there is no way ty guards were killed and the criminals criminals can win the battle they instituted. vanished with gold worth about $1 million. In the Herald of 18 December it was indi• Recently, a group of thieves pretended to cated in an article that the Harare City Coun• have formed a security company in Chitung- Members of the ZRP on parade cil lost property worth $1 262 during Sep• wiza. They asked people to pay $50 as join- . tember and October through vandalism. ing fee, and because of unemployment police has to comprise a personnel of high Late last year the Police Senior Assistant problems, some people paid the fee to the calibre. Commissioner and Officer Commanding, Ha• fake organisation. It means therefore that the police should rare Province, Comrade Emmanuel Ruzario, In December 1989 Senator Patrick be able to identify problems that lead to was quoted by The Herald as saying, "This Chinamasa, officially closing a five-day police crimes. It is not very important to be able upsurge is reflected not only in the volume crime management seminar on Current to solve a problem than being able to iden• of crime but also in the level of sophistica• Crime Trends in Zimbabwe, called for the con• tify the problem itself and its cause. tion exhibited by criminals". tinuous assessment and evaluation of the police force and its ability to deal with an What is crime today may not be crime The fact that the sky-rocketing crime rate increase in the sophisticatation and preva• tomorrow. This means that our police has is known to the state apparatus shows that lence of crime in Zimbabwe. to change with time so that they do not trail this is a grave issue that needs immediate behind their adversaries' tactics. If the police attention. There is absolute need for the police to de• becomes less complicated than thieves or vise methods and establish institutions of Property theft has rapidly grown so much criminals it means that we, citizens are left crime prevention and to improve the content that the situation has to be addressed so that unprotected, hence left at the mercy of dis• of its training programme. The call has been we become a respectable society. Current• loyal persons. precipitated by the sophistication of crimes ly, car theft is a serious crime that has caused in this country. concern to the Zimbabwean community. There is an urgent need for the police to Corruption is now at its highest level but be more tactful than those deviants who do Our police has to improve in the area of our police force has maintained its splendid not act in accordance with the law. prevention and detection of crime and if it reputation in overcoming this contagious dis• is to deter crime in Zimbabwe, it has to be ease. By holding the above-mentioned semi• Crime is a deviant behaviour which does tough with those who default. There should nar, it shows that our police is conscious and not conform to the social norms of society be rapport between the courts and the police concerned with this escalating crime rate. and which society regards outrageously devi• and the courts have to help the police by ant so much that it is worthy of punishment. imposing heavy sentences on all those who Such meetings should be encouraged be• are convicted. cause they help the police in finding appropri• It has its roots and meaning in society and ate ways of, coping with crime in the coun is a characteristic and attribute of the dy• If thieves are arrested today and are seen, try. As society grows and develops, crimes namics of society. It therefore implies that in the streets the following day they will not , become more and complicated such that our if criminals become stylish and sophisticat• be discouraged.

36 ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 of course the public has to help the police patrols should be intensified everytime and innocent lives. It is this gruesome road car• by exercising maximum security in their everywhere and road blocks should be nage that has left many children, wives and homes but usually it is the presence of the manried on our roads to minimise the high' husbands destitute. police that is felt by thieves, if people give road carnage. any report to the police it should treat that Today on our roads, road- signs have be• 1 Our police has to monitor society and 1 with diligence and promptly because if they come stooges which are ignored by some think it is mandatory that the police is given take long, the public will lose confidence in motorists yet thev convey important mes• the right to beat up misbehaving criminals. them. sages. What has tWs "I don't care" attitude It is a disgrace to realise that at times peo• The best way of curtailing aime in Zim• led us to? ple do not respect the police and can even babwe is to impose deterrent sentences on refuse to carry out the orders of the police. criminals and police should quickly respond From the recent two major bus disasters Definitely this discourages the effective oper• to every alarm signaled to them. Police in Mazowe and Murehwa we have lost many ations of our police. •

THEME: UNITY, PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT

Peace, Stability Entitlement for North and South — President

drawal, he went on, of foreign troops from certain areas was a step forward but the war• ring factions are still armed and fighting.

"We believe that all churches and religious organisations should throw their full weight behind the search for unity and reconcilia• tion in approaching the conflicts that face our world today.

"We have chosen to hold your conference in Southern Africa at an opportune time. Right now all eyes of the world are on Namibia... SWAPO... is the only force that can unite the people of Namibia. We are hap• py with the role that the Namibian Council of Churches have played in Namibia in sup• port of the progressive forces there.

. . However, . . . the role that the churches have played in this part of the worid has not always been positive," the Flashback: the catholic bishops marching to meet Pope John Paul II during his visit to Zim• President said. babwe in 1988 Comrade Mugabe told the assembly that oth the North and the South are en• He said the Non-Aligned Movement made some churches and individuals have tend• titled to peace and stability and serious and strenous efforts in the past three ed to legitimise oppression and colonialist there should be no complacency on years to resolve some of the regional con• practices. There are churches in Southern thBe part of those who live in the North into flicts by promoting dialogue and negotiations Africa that allowed themselves to bemused thinking that they are the only ones who can between the opposing forces. This was done against the forces of progress and justice. In enjoy peace and stability. This was said by by using to the maximum the machinery of Mozambique, some churchmen have been President Robert IVlugabe at the opening of the United Nations for peace-making and supporting RENAMO "whose scale of brutal• the Africa Christian Peace Conference Assem• peace-keeping. ity and inhumanity is comparable only to bly in Harare recently. that of the Nazis and Fascists before World "The people in the North," said Comrade Efforts War Two." Mugabe, "must not live in the illusion that While some progress was made on the Cam• there can be peace in the North while mil• bodia and Kampuchea, Afghanistan, Central In October 1989, six Americans and two lions of people in the South continue to re• America and the JV\iddle East questions, the Britons who claimed to be missionaries fund• main victims of social deprivation, econom• basic causes of the conflicts in those regions ed by rightwing churches in America were ic stagnation and political instability." are not removed entirely, he said. The with• arrested in Mozambique. Such churches

ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 37 have funded and openly supported the ac• criticism of the possible line the church may "Cokinialism and racism are not dead in tivities of RENAMO. They are supported by take, it is because some churches have in our parts of the world. Everywhere, as in An• the Frontline Fellowship which is a front or• the past supported the forces of reaction and gola and Mozambique, the colonial powers ganisation for former Rhodesians and Por• injustice "and to give to their seal of legitima• have vflthdrawn, there are still forces of reac• tuguese nationals who use the church for cy to reformists which have not fundamen• tion fighting a rearguard war against peace their activities in Zimbabwe and tally altered the conditions of oppression and and progress. More importantly, we still have Mozambique. injustice for the masses of the people." the apart;heid regime in South Africa which is the fountain head of all the social forces The President and First Secretary of the df racism and reaction in our region and in A former agricultural officer in Zimbabwe, Party said church organisations in Zimbabwe the world. There is no state in the world that Tom Shaaf, used a Mutare based church to have supported fully the country's policy of has made differences of skin colour among establish support lines for Renamo. He is unity and reconciliation. The country, he; said, citizens a state doctrine, supported by legis• now the bandit organisation's Washington has closely fought along with churches lation, as in South Africa," he made it clear based representative. Many more are be• against injustice. During and since indepen• to the assembly. lieved to be working among refugees and dence they steadfastly pushed for reconcili• new settlements saying they are confront• ation between whites and blacks and be• Comrade Mugabe said the second cause ing communism with the gospel. tween blacks and blacks. of conflict in the southern hemisphere is the serious economic problems faced by these "It is in this spirit that we ask you. .. to Condemn people in these parts. They have only politi• discuss about peace, to exercise judgements "We condemn the activities of these cal independence but imperialism continues in order to identify the forces of peace and churches who, in the name of God, have to stranglehold their development at eco• justice as against those forces which con• been supporting the forces of darkness and nomic level. tinue to hold humanity backwards. Having reaction in Southern Africa," Comrade identified such forces, the churches must In 1970 Africa's debt burden increased Mugabe stated. come out strongly and steadfastly in support from about $6 billion to over $126 billion Proceeding, he said, "The Christian Peace of the forces for peace, justice and progress", at the end of 1987 with external debt as a Conference which you represent has demon• he advised them. percentage of Gross Domestic Product rising strated that Christians and Christianity can more* than threefold. Real GDP fell by about He said the conference was being held at work together harmoniously with the com• 11 percent during the same period. In this a time when momentus events are taking munists and communist parties. Your head• atmosphere, most African countries face place with such rapidity that it is not easy quarters is in Prague, Czechoslovakia, a coun• huge problems of economic stagnation, mas• to fathom thefr frail implications. Perestroi- try governed by a communist party for the sive unemployment and continuing outflow ka and Glasnost, the brainchild of Comrade; of capital and resources from the South to past 40 years. I am told that your church Mikhail Gorbachev, President of the Soviet the North. members met with communists in the un• Union, are sweeping across Eastern Europe. derground movement during Nazi occupa• In the same dialectical process, the Western tion of your country in the Second World world is going into a deepening crisis of Stagnation Decade War, and fought a patriotic war together. The capitalism. The Economic Commission for Africa has lesson of your co-existence with socialism described this period as a decade of stagna• and communism has not been missed in Afri• While Eastern Europe wants to open its tion saying "... we are worse off today than ca and Latin America and Asia." economies to market forces, the West mar• we were ten years ago in virtually all aspects ket forces are unable to resolve the problems He said while the eyes of the world are on of socio-economic development. . ." of basic needs of the ordinary people like so• South Africa, the globe appreciates the posi• cial equality, distribution of goods and serv• "The stark reality, accentuated by frequent tive role played by churches in South Africa ices, minimum social services • and and severe droughts, accounts for much so• in exposing the injustice of apartheid and in participation. cial and political tension in the region," he standing boldly on the side of liberation related. forces. He expressed reservations at some "One visible change at the political level," churches who have begun to entertain the he told the Christian Peace Conference, "is Economic cooperation within NAM coun• illusion that F.W. de Klerk is a different kind the closing of the era of Cold War between tries is now being encouraged with countries of person from Botha and that he will bring the two superpowers. As a result of the de• of the South being urged to increase trade about a reform of apartheid. tente between the USA and USSR, there is within themselves as a general strategy for "If there are people in this assembly who now an increasing momentum towards dis• reducing exploitation by the North. share this illusion then it is time they seri• armament and regional peace in Europe. All ously question their assumption and begin peace-loving people of the world must rejoice The SADCC countries alone have a debt of to understand the reality that apartheid is. at this reduction of the conflict between the $17 billion. This is worsened by $30 billion Apartheid is not the creation of one person. superpowers that has bedevilled internation• worth of damages through destabilisation of It is a whole system of political control, eco• al relations ever since the end of the Second the South African regime. Worse still, 1.5 mil• nomic domination a~nd social injustice. You World War." lion people have been killed and four million cannot reform the system in bits and pieces, displaced in this region and thousands crip• He said that while Europeans are reduc• the whole system has to be destroyed, root pled or maimed. ing their areas of conflict, it is regrettable that and branch. Therefore, those who see light there are still many regional conflicts in all "While we are truly appreciative of efforts at the end of de Klerk's tunnel just because other continents of the worid, sometimes of some churches to help with the rehabili• he has released eight prominent captives financed and abetted by the same tation of thousands of refugees and displaced from the liberation movements are forgetting superpowers. persons, the churches should go beyond that the South African state continues to hold these acts of charity to isolate and condemn in jail over 200 less well-known freedom those church institutions which have chos• fighters and that the execution of political Segregation, SA's Doctrine en to take sides with the forces of reaction prisoners continues unabated. "They seem to suggest that war is alright for or among other peoples, but not for them• and oppression and assist in removing "De Klerk's so called refomis are there only selves. While peace in Europe seems to be the basic causes of the conflict," he conclud• to hoodwink the peoples of the world and on the horizon, in the southern half of the ed. • we hope that this conference will not allow hemisphere, there is continuing conflict and itself to be taken for a ride by these empty tension. There are two major causes of this promises of the present regime in South Afri• state of affairs in the southern half of our ca", Comrade Mugabe explained. worid. One is the continuing hold over many Criticism parts of the Third World by forces of reac• He told the conference that any tendency of tion and backwardness.

38 ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 South Africa Adopts Extra-Legal Violence to Contain Activists

Adopted from Focus Magazine September/October, 1989

and on individuals. The police imposed res• he recent killing of trade unionists Lawyers representing the Congress of trictions on Ndlovu's funeral an hour before and anti-apartheid activists, and the South African Trade Unions (COSATU) were it started, and clashes ensued as they at• poisoning of Frank Chikane, General investigating claims that people associated T tempted to prevent people from attending. Secretary of the South African Council of with the Kwazulu bantustan organisation Some mourners were assaulted, including Churches (SACC), as well as numerous other Inkatha were involved, includirig one who Harry Gwala who had been recently freed threats and attempts on the lives of restrict• featured prominently in a COSATU dossier from imprisonment on Robben Island. ed activists have further highlighted the use on police complicity with Inkatha. Ndlovu of extralegal violence against anti-apartheid had been involved in a campaign to dis• The murder of Ndlqvu falls within a pat• groups. courage Imbali residents from attending an tern of attacks on trade union officials and Inkatha rally. their property. In February, Elias Banda, a Trade unionists national organiser of the Amalgamated Cloth• On 21 May unknown assassins fired into the labu Ndlovu's death angered the labour ing Workers Union of South Africa (ACTWU- house of |abu Ndlovu, a shop steward of the movement and increased demands for a SA| and 13 union members were physically National Union of Metal Workers of South public inquiry into the activities of death attacked in Durban by officials of the Unit• Africa (NUMSA) in the Pietermaritzburg area, squads and the assassination of anti- ed Workers Union of South Africa (UWUSA) injuring her and killing her husband, labula- apartheid leaders. COSATU called for a three- which is linked to Inkatha. The union ob• ni, also a member of the union, and her day peaceful protest over the period 5-7 tained a court injunction preventing UWU• daughter before setting the house alight. Jabu |une to demand an end to the killings, and SA from engaging in such acts against Ndlovu died later in hospital. the lifting of all restrictions both on funerals ACTWUSA.

ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 39 offices of the Food and Allied Workers Un• a number of churches and a house in Pieter- who told her she would be 'shot dead'. In ion (FAWU), the South African Chemical In• maritzfaurg where Archbishop Tutu was due view of the threats she notified the police dustrial Workers Union (SACIWU) and ACT- to eat. On 16 [une, before a memorial serv• that she could not fulfill the requirement of WUSA in East London were gutted by fire in ice for the Soweto uprising, a chemical sub• her restrrction order to report to the police January. Most of the union files were des• stance was spread at the Regina Muridi station. troyed. On 30 March shots were fired at the church. On 28 June toxic acid was spread at Blessing Sibusiso Victor Ndlovu, a mem• offices of the Black and Allied Workers Un• St Barnabas' Chapel in Bosmont where the ber of SOSCO and a student at Mokgome ion of South Africa (BAWUSA) and the Mulwe- SACC was holding its annual conference. High School, was followed by suspicious li Counselling Centre in Louis Trichardt, shat• Over 40 people were taken to hospital for looking people three weeks after receiving tering glass doors. SACIWU reported that on treatment after contact with the acid. The a threatening note. He claimed that he had 1 [une two union members, Joseph Kubhe- fire department in )ohannesburg described constantly been followed by suspicious peo• ka of Natal spruit and Lucas Maseko of Kat- the substance as pertanoic acid a 'highly cor• ple, in some cases in a car without number- lehong, who were on strike at the Plascon rosive, flammable acid which burns the skin plates. He was later detained. Company, had their houses fired at from a and could damage the eyes.' moving vehicle. On 22 May the house of Lorraine Mokgo- Youth and Restricted People si, the women's organiser of the Vaal Youth Churches and religious leaders During the first six months of 1989 there Congress (VAYCO) who is under restriction An insecticide which has similar effects on were many attacks on officials of organisa• orders, had its front windows smashed in art humans as nerve gas was found during May tions affiliated to the restricted South Afri• attack by unknown people. Mokgosi, whose in the clothes of Frank Chikane, the General can Youth Congress (SAYCO). Violent attacks fiance Stanza Bopape went missing last year Secretary of the South African Council of on people under restriction orders and on while in detention, has suffered repeated at• Churches (SACC). At the time he was part of their property increased during May and tempts on her life. Although she is particu• a delegation of church leaders visiting the |une, confirming fears expressed by indepen• larly vulnerable because of the restrictions United States at the invitation of President dent groups monitoring repression that res• imposed on her, other VAYCO officials have Bush. tricted people are most vulnerable to such also been attacked. Samuel Moepadira, treas• attacks. urer of the organisation and Phineas Mothibe He fell ill, stopped breathing and had to the cultural officer, have both had their be put on an artificial re^iratory system. He On 27 February, Sithembiso and Siphephe- homes stoned. had experienced a similar illness while on a lo Dlamin^ of the Clermont Youth League, On 4 July 1989 in Grahamstown, the home visit to Namibia in April, and maintained that were killed by unknown assassins at Sithen- of Gugile Nkwinti, the restricted chairperson his luggage had not been handled after the gele High School. of the Port Alfred Residents Civic Association trip to Namibia until his visit to the United Pamela Majodina 19, a member of the (PARCA), was petrol bombed. The attack States. This strengthened the belief of doc• Soweto Students Congress (SOSCO) said that slightly damaged his car and a neighbour's tors attending him in the United States that on 21 May she was apprehended by men house, but nobody was injured. a chemical substance had been put on his in two minibuses who attempted to force her clothes. In Uitenhage, on 27 May, the organising into one of the vehicles at gun point, but she secretary of the Uitenhage Youth Congress Allan Boesak, who was also on the dele• managed to escape. She was on her way (UYCO), Patrick Stall was attacked by about gation said evidence pointed to deliberate from the Meadowlands police station where 10 people thought to be members of the poisoning and described the incident as a she has to report daily in terms of her res• Ama-Afrika vigilante group who were armed sophisticated attempt on Chikane's life. Toxic triction order which places her under the with stones and pick handles. He was ad• chemicals of the same kind were widely used house arrest between 4.00 pm and 6.00 am mitted to hospital with serious injuries. On against guerillas in the struggle for indepen• each day. 28 May Mz'uvumile Vambe, 17, a member dence in Rhodesia. Majodina had been threatened at the of a Kwanobuhle street committee, escaped A similar substance was used in June in police station eariier in May by a policeman an attack by vigilantes wielding sjamboks. •

imbabwe has won the Common• discovered a new talent in music in the name wealth song contest against 55 other of CARD and the group's resounding success Z entries. The young Zimbabwean mu• demonstrates the importance we in Zim• sical group, Christians Against Racial Dis• Zimbabwe Wins babwe attach to the aims and ideals of the crimination ICARD), won the Commonwealth Commonwealth Commonwealth. The Government of Zim• song competition with their number, 'Our babwe is keenly interested in promoting Zim• Rainbow'. Song Contest babwean music to greater heights. To this At a presentation ceremony in Harce ir end, the President, Comrade Robert Mugabe December last year, the Minister of informa• has called for fusion of Zimbabwean music tion, Posts and Telecommunications, Com• and dance with those from other countries. rade Witness Mangwende challenged young Staff Reporter Therefore, the Zimbabwe mass media, more Zimbabweans to emulate CARD and take up so the ZBC have a duty to promote our mus• music as a career. ic," he said. He urged the corporation to scout for new "Contrary", Comrade Mangwende said, "to musicians. Even more interesting is the fact talent and broadcast discussions with ex• widespread opinion, the winning song from that the winning song was played using perts in the field on new trends in music and Africa did not hail from the musical giants rudimentary equipment consisting of old to encourage young Zimbabweans to take such as Nigeria, Zaire and other African coun• cracked drums, a box guitar and a small key up music as a career. tries. Few ever dreamt that the winning song board. This, he continued, goes to prove that would come from Zimbabwe. But now here Comrade Mangwende called upon aspir• talent and skills are more important than we are celebrating Zimbabwe's success in the ing musicians to emulate the new talent in equipment in producing good music. contest. Even within the national context, CARD who have begun a fruitful career in one would have expected the winning song The minister went on to say that the group music. The Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corpo• to come from the local professional giants has elevated Zimbabwe on the internation• ration was thanked for co-organising the of the kind of Thbmas Mapfumo, Oliver al music scene. He said the success of the competition with the help of record Mutukudzi, to name a few." group complements the activities of other companies. musicians. He said the winning is so important be• The group received a prize in the form of cause the CARD comprises young amateur "1 must say that the song competition has a cheque of $1 000.

40 ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY. 1990 ' • . ' '

The competition was open tq all Common• lation, live in these 49 countries embracing in the political arena. , wealth citizens under 25 years with contes• many races, religions and languages. It is a However, the Commonwealth is also tants being free to reflect their own style in voluntary organisation based on the vital involved in other aspects of people's lives the official language of the association which principles pf partnership and equality across including social and economic affairs. is English. all barriers of distance, wealth and culture. "In this regard," Comrade Mangwende The Commonwealth consists of 49 coun• The association is mostly known for its po• concluded, "the Commonwealth Song Com• tries. Zimbabwe became the 44th member litical role in international affairs especially petition plays a very important role country in 1980 on its achievement of in• in the decolonisation process. Its plan to in increasing understanding and enthusiasm dependence. About one billion people, esti• bring Zimbabwe to democratic rule was one about the association among young mated to be a quarter of the world's popu- of the association's principle achievements people." •

International Concert Pianist Wants Local Recognition

do State University and for the Rotary Inter Right in the heart of Marlborough lives national Club. She has received requests to one of Zimbabwe's internationally return to the USA and Europe for further recognised music ambassadors. concerts. The international Concert Pianist who has won six gold medals in open competitions Miss carol Baron, an international concert continued her 1986 tour from the United pianist, was bom in Zambia and started play States to Germany, Austria and Switzeriand. ing the piano at the age of 13. She was taught to play the instrument by her mother. After hearing Miss Baron play in Zim• babwe, Professor Mikhail Vokresensky, The woman pianist who is married to Ber• Senior Professional of piano at Moscow State nard Thompson and a mother of three, Gary, Conservatory, and a concert pianist in his Kimberley and Darren has since indepen• own right, invited her to perform in Kazan dence performed in many countries outside and in the Great Hall of Leningrad, where she Zimbabwe on cultural exchange programmes. However, Miss Baron is wor• was given the honour of opening the winter ried about the lack of recognition she is music season. suffering from in this country. In 1989, Miss Baron went on a second tour of the Soviet Union where she played in In an interview with the Zimbabwe News Moscow, Kiev, Tallin, Riga and Leningrad and recently. Miss Baron said she has been in the Southern States of Soviet Union. Zimbabwe for 23 years but she is seldom in• vited to perform at local functions. At one time Carol Baron established her own radio programme which lasted for two Miss Baron in Sovi«t attire during one of her "1 will never be satisfied with internation• years in Zimbabwe. In the programme she visits to Siberia, USSR al fame yet I suffer from recognition defficien- used to play, sing and give music apprecia• cy at home. AH I need is to be recognised tion classes on the air. in my own country", she said and further In January to April 1989, Miss Baron went added that "during my 23 year stay in Zim• Often she had gone on international tours on a tour of the Soviet Union, Polland, Roma• babwe I have only performed three times. on cultural exchange performances nians, GDR and the United States. You know its very bad for an artist to feel representing Zimbabwe. "I got the invitations at different times but that you are isolated and unrecognised in "Wherever 1 go, my posters will clearly in• I coordinated them to reduce travelling ex• your own country." dicate that I am representing Zimbabwe. I penses", she pointed out adding that "I Miss Baron's career, which was isolated have carried the name, Zimbabwe, where• would have loved to have continuity in my during the then Rhodesia only matured in ver I go but to my surprise I am not recog• tours but there occurred a break from 1986 the 1980s. Her first tour was informal per• nised in my home country", the pianist reiter• to 1989 because I was having difficulties in formances in the United States where she ated adding that one must establish himself securing sponsorship from relevant used to play to selected audiences in locally then make himself known abroad. authorities." Washington, New York, Michigan, Cedar, On the question of treatment she said, Though some competitions are held in this Falls, Iowa and Virginia in 1982. "Whenever I go on tours I am always givefl- country. Miss Baron has not taken part of warm welcome by diplomats at Zimbabwe• The second generation Zimbabwean who late. At present she performs for charity or• an embassies. I am treated as a diplomat". holds several music degrees (BMUS, FTCL, ganisations and old age groups. LRSM, LTCL, UPLM and UTLM) was the first She said that she is more than willing to So far she has visited five countries and African pianist to be invited to play in the hold a concert for all the dignitaries in this held 34 concerts. Whenever she goes on an People's Republic of China in 1983. She is country if preparations are made. also the first from the continent of Africa to international tour she stays away for a long play in the Soviet Union, GDR and the Far period because it is easier and cheaper that Miss Baron, who after obtaining her mus• East. way than making separate tours to each ic degrees, won a scholarship to Cape Town country she would have been invited to. University where she received the BMUS and In October, 1986, the light-fingered pianist LSRM degrees (Performers and Teachers) and "Taking into account the fact that 1 am- went on a successful tour of the GDR where then went to London where she was award• situated in the centre of Africa it is clear that she played in Berlin, Leipzig, Dreden, Karl ed the Fellowship of the Trinity College of travelling expenses are very high. So when Marxstadt, Magdaburg, Gentlin and London said she enjoys teaching music but I receive invitations from abroad, I wait un• Augustusberg. the problem is the inavailability of time. til such a time that when I go on a tour 1 Miss Baron made another trip to the Unit• will manage to visit all the countries during "I am willing to go out and tap the talent ed States in 1986 and performed at Colora• the same tour", she said. lying idle in this country", she said. •

ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY. 1990 41 sons to closely watch certain players if he suspects something fishy on off-the-ball incidents. Sanyika Asked on their coverage of matches Comrade Sanyika said Speaks on the only Super League games are co• vered because there are only eleven competent commissioners. Role of a He also stated that the unavaila• bility of funds is limiting their operations and they cannot regu• Match larly visit places like Hwange, Mu- tare, only to mention a few. Commissioner On the behaviour of Zimbabwe• an football fans, he said they should be educated so that they understand the problems faced especially by referees. , he main task of a match cooperation with linesperson, commissioner is to closely overall control of the game and The match commissioner said T analyse the perform~ance of authority. that the absence of violence dur• ing a soccer match does not a referee, check the behaviour of Comrade Sanyika disclosed players and spectators during a necessarily mean that the referee that comments on the above handled the match properly. match. mentioned details can contribute Speaking in an interview with either to the demotion or promo• "Likewise," said the retired the Zimbabwe News recently, tion of a referee. referee, "a fracas does not reflect Comrade Felix Sanyika, a match the poor performance of the offi• "If a referee is seen to be too commissioner and also the chair• cial in charge but can be a result biased towards certain clubs or man of ZIFA referees association of some circumstances which an weak in his decisions, he is clarified that a commissioner assessor can identify easily than warned," Comrade Sanyika said does not in any way reverse de• ordinary people." adding that a good referee always cisions finalised by referees. Standard sticks to his final ruling regardless Comrade Sanyika commended Comrade Sanyika, who is a re• of what the team's supporters or the overall standard of refereeing tired referee said the match com• players say about his decision. in Zimbabwe since he started this missioner sits in the VIP en• career 31 years ago. closure, unknown to the referees, Spectators players and spectators when ex• In most cases, he said, support• On abandonment of matches ecuting his duties. ers just shout at the referee he said it does not matter at what whenever he gives orders to play• time of the regulated 90 minutes During a soccer match the com• ers without even knowing what it was abandoned, a match can missioner compiles information would have led to that. He clari• be replayed if necessary. on the referee and make com• fied that spectators being on the ments then send the report to The ZIFA referees' association terraces will be very far from the ZIFA for evaluation. He said the chairman dismissed superstition field to see or hear a player us• report normally contains com• saying that the team of the day ing abusive language. ments based on the referee's ap• always wins. Turning to Security, pearance, positioning, decision- "With that disadvantage, spec• he said none should be allowed mafcng, movements, physical fit• tators would think that the to enter stadiums with bottles or ness and his ability to cope with referee was biased against a play• other dangerous items. the speed of the game. er by sending him off," he He called on the National emphasised. The report is compiled by fill• Sports Council to help ZIFA finan• ing an assessment form with de• He pointed out that spectators cially so that the national associ• tails such as the condition of also incite players to report to ation can fully implement its ground, weather, behaviour of rough play and added that it is programmes. "Instead of giving home and away players, be• the duty of linespersons to keep money, the Council is milking haviour of spectators, referee's in• an eye on such occurances. The ZIFA leaving it financially dry'', terpretation and application, his referee can also order his linesper• Comrade Sanyika concluded. •'

42 ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 1989, Year of Blues for Highlanders, But What's Next?

By Bright Mpofu

hen a renowned football club like Colet Sibanda, a staunch supporter of High• However, the recent rumours that Maseko WHighlanders ends the season battling landers, had this to say about his club's per• wants to go back to his roots may have been for survival in the Super League, it is evident formance last season: "This is one of High• welcomed with smiles by Highlanders fans that something is w^rong somewhere. This landers' worst seasons and I hope fortunes and well-wishers but the matter has not yet leaves the club officials with a lot of home• will change in the 1990 season. I strongly been finalised. work especially before the 1990 season kicks believe that the rrtovement of some players "Maseko has already written to us and off. from the team and the team and the death ZIFA saying that he is not happy at Darryn of Titus Majola weakened Bosso's perfor• Tornados and wants to come back", said The administration problems which crip• mance in the 1989 season." Highlanders team manager Lawrence Phiri. pled into the club towards the end of the 1988 season and continued in the 1989 sea• son left Highlanders on the verge of collapse.

Administration Problems Early in 1989, the first team players called on the executive committee and coaching department to resign. The players were backed by some suppgrters who had earli• er called for the club officials to account for the $6 000 which had gone missing. Highlanders first team players increased the heat of the drama when they boycotted a trip to fulfil a Super League fixture at Tor- wood Stadium with Ziscosteel to fulfil the fix• ture Highlanders officials had no choice but to field a 'B' team which lost to the hosts by 2-0. Responding to the boycot, the executive slammed a two-week suspension and im• posed a $200 fine on Fanuel Ncube, Willard Khumalo, Dumisani Nyoni, Madinda Ndlovu, Alexander Maseko and Sydney Zimunya for inciting other players. A West Germany professional football Highlanders: Standing from left to right: Sydney Zimunya, Titus Majola, Nqobizita Maen- coach, Rudi Gutendorf, who spent a month zanise, Tanny Banda, Alexander Maseko, Simon Ncube, Amin Soma, Dumisani Nyoni and in Zimbabwe helping local coaches on tech• Peter Nkomo niques summed up the incident of fielding a 'B' team by Highlanders when they played against Ziscosteel by saying "This is bad sports publicity." Towards the middle of the year, Rahman As if the already hard-hitting movement Gumbo and Mercedes Sibanda went for tri• of players was not enough, the Highlanders With the saga still unresolved, Highlanders als with Danish First Division side, Rainders. trio; Tito Paketh, Willard Khumalo and fired the chairman |osiah Dube, secretary As both players are seasoned, their .depar• Madinda Ndlovu struck fortune in luly last Josiah Nxumalo and Luke Mnkandla. Some ture for Denmark for about two months year when they secured a year's contract supporters were also behind the players in created weaknesses in the Highlanders with West German Football Club, Emsdetten calling for the dismissal of the executive line-up. 05. Their departure weakened the club's however Silas Ndlovu and Vana Hlabangana powerhouse, Willard 'Mahwii' 'Nduna' Although it was reported that the two play• survived the chop. Khumalo used to command like an army ers had made it with Rainders, failure by general. Movement of Players Mercedes Sibanda to produce a working per• DeaOi of Majola While one can argue that the movement of mit for an extended period in Denmark One of the longest serving players of High• / players from Highlanders whether by trans• resultecT in both players being Returned landers, Titus Majola died in late September, fer or by going for trials overseas did not af• home. Rainders officials had settled for a deal 1989 and this was a devastating blow for fect Highlanders, a closer examination of this with Highlanders for the two players. the team because he used to combine well will show that it affected their performance. Veteran and stalwart defender, Alexander in midfield with Khumalo. Majola was also Co-ordination and understanding among Maseko also transferred to Darryn Tornados grooming 'Amahlolanyama' youths at the the players can be a formidable task to in the middle of the year leaving Highlanders time of his death. achieve if the team resorts to a make-shift defence almost crippled. Maseko immediate• Peter Nkomo with a world of experience tendency as evidenced by Highlanders line• ly secured a place in the Darryn Tornados between the goal posts, did not feature much ups last season. first team line-up. for the Bulawayo's most prominent side as

ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 43 he was nursing a knee injury. The goal area was marshalled by Sydney Zimunya with 1ft- tle experience and he was found wanting in many instances.

The Boy Ndlovu Saga Saga involving Boy Ndlovu, Highlanders' talented right-winger who had joined the club from Eagles added the blues of 'Tshilas'. Boy Ndlovu hit the headlines in the middle of the year when he slipped into South Africa to play for Jomo Midas Cosmos, a team owned by lomo Sono.

At halftime during their heydays, fourth from left to right (Baclcrow) ia Roy Barrato who joined ther/i from Zimbabwe Saints, Barry Daka is seen in the centre giving a pep talk

because the inclusion of the upcoming strik• any hopes of doing better next season, the ers, Peter and Adam Ndlovu gave High• officials have to do a lot of player shopping landers a breadth of fresh air as these young• to strengthen the team. sters scored vital goals which saved 'Bosso' from relegation. 1990 Prospects Highlanders is awaiting to pay $5 000 of These Ndlovu brothers, if polished up and which $2 000 was suspended for the 1990 finertuned can be said to be in the nlould of season on condition that an incident simi• Madinda Ndlovu; their brother, Stanley lar to that which fed to the abandonment Ndunduma, Garikayi Zuze, Joseph Machin- of their Super League match with. Dynamos gura and George Nechirbnga. does not occur again. This is already a Sunday Madambi, a supporter of High• problem faced by the club before the sea• landers had this to say abdut Highlanders' son kicks off. performance. "Highlanders performed bad• Boy Ndlovu, the prodigal son of Highlanders ly because the club kicked off the season Highlanders ninth position at the end of haunted by many admiriistrative problems: the Super League race has beenuljitter pill Having been threatened by Zimbabweans For Highlanders to play better this season, to swallow for the club's supporters. in South Africa, he returned hqrne arid ZIFA I think they should look for new faces to A more serious approach by the adminis• slammed a one-year ban on him for playing strengthen the team. Those o\(). horses in tration, coaching department and all the in racist South Africa. Despite apologising to Highlanders are no longer dependable so players is needed if Highlanders' fortunes are ZIFA, the National Sports Council kept the they have to be replaced by new blood." to change and thus return to the 1986 glory bari on. There is no doubt that if Highlanders has when it was crowned 'The Cup Kings'. Q

Cup and League Tournaments Highlanders failed to win a major cup tour nament last year. They failed to maintain their sound record as cup kings. For many The Poet Says cup tournaments, the team made early ex• its except in the ZIFA Cup in which it reached the finals but lost 4 - 2 to Dynamos. This cup Inspired am I to speak He was sick they say tie was staged at the National Sports Stadi• To reveal that no man sees Who murdered Machel? um at the end of November last year. The truth about my people An accident they say Oppressed Down South Who oppresses my people? Even though Highlanders edged Dynamos None, they tell me we are teaching them 2 -1 in the lowly rated Heroes cup, it lost Look ye inner proper administration. the prestigious Africa Day Trophy to Dyna• Look up yonder without fear mos on the basis of an away goal rule. Yes, its men those you see This is the truth I say Highlanders, one of the largest crowd Lying dead in the mines For I see it bare, naked before my eyes pullers in the country, stniggled throughout I am the one who hears the season to avoid relegation at the end of They are beaten up every day What to you is an echo the season. The club's supporters must have Forced to toil without wage And I see what to you is an illusion heaved a sigh of relief when their team sur• To work and pant Yes, I see it all before me vived through the hole of the needlle. On empty grumbling stomachs Because I have those inner eyes

The coming of Roy Barretto to team up Hear it all from me See, I say look yonder with Bany Daka in the coaching department For its me who sees it all For there it is laid bare helped in saving the relegation-bound High• Last night a baby was shot dead This is the naked truth exposed raw landers from humiliation as the club's for• This morning papa disappeared For I see what you don't tunes changed slightly. Swallowed into the oppressor's belly Yes, I see it all because I am a poet.

The club's youthful policy paid dividends Who murdered Steve Biko? By Joseph Chikoore

44 ZIMBABWE NEWS JANUARY, 1990 \ #he "COMRADE" Radio unites Zimbabwe's people with great sound and good looks at a price everyone can afford. The "COMRADE" FM radio comes in blue, grey, cream, black or red and takes an economical, long-lasting PM-9 battery. Get your "COMRADE" from your nearest dealer, today! COMRADE ANOTHER SOUND IDEA FROM ZEC ZEC congratulates the President on his great success in office.