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Taxonomia Y Zoogeografia De La Herpetofauna Del Macizo De Nirgua

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Taxonomia Y Zoogeografia De La Herpetofauna Del Macizo De Nirgua Taxonomía y Zoogeografía de la Herpetofauna del Macizo de Nirgua, Venezuela Tésis de Grado en el Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main Sebastian Lotzkat, Mayo 2007 Indice Lista de Figuras..............................................................................................................3 Lista de Tablas...............................................................................................................6 Lista de abreviaciones....................................................................................................7 Prefacio a la traducción en español ......................................................................8 1. Introducción 1.1 Venezuela como país megadiverso...................................................................9 1.2 Información acerca del país............................................................................10 1.2.1 Información general.............................................................................10 1.2.2 Ecoregiones..........................................................................................12 1.3 La Cordillera de la Costa................................................................................17 1.3.1 Fisiografía, clima y vegetación............................................................17 1.3.2 Orogénesis y biogeografía histórica ....................................................19 1.4 Objetívos.........................................................................................................22 2. Área de estudio, material y métodos 2.1 La herpetofauna del área de estudio ...............................................................23 2.1.1 Área y período de estudio ....................................................................23 2.1.2 Métodos herpetológicos de campo ......................................................30 2.1.3 Preservación e identificación del material colectado...........................33 2.2 Análisis zoogeográfico de la herpetofauna.....................................................36 2.2.1 Zonación de la herpetofauna................................................................36 2.2.2 Endemismo y distribución ...................................................................37 2.2.3 Preferencias ecológicas........................................................................37 2.2.4 Unidades históricas..............................................................................39 2.2.5 Análisis de similtud .............................................................................40 3. Resultados 3.1 La herpetofauna del área de estudio ...............................................................43 1 3.1.1 Composición de la herpetofauna..........................................................43 3.1.2 Sinópsis de las especies registradas.....................................................44 3.1.3 Lista sistemática comentada ................................................................48 3.2 Análisis zoogeográfico de la herpetofauna...................................................112 3.2.1 Zonación de la herpetofauna..............................................................112 3.2.2 Endemismo y distribución .................................................................115 3.2.3 Preferencias ecológicas......................................................................117 3.2.4 Unidades históricas............................................................................119 3.2.5 Análisis de similtud ...........................................................................122 4. Discusión 4.1 La herpetofauna del área de estudio .............................................................128 4.2 Análisis zoogeográfico de la herpetofauna...................................................131 5. Resumen 5.1 Zusammenfassung ........................................................................................139 5.2 Summary.......................................................................................................140 5.3 Resumen .......................................................................................................142 6. Agradecimientos ...............................................................................144 7. Referencias........................................................................................147 8. Apendices 8.1 Lista de los sitios de hallazgo.......................................................................155 8.2 Lista del material colectado..........................................................................156 9. Declaración .......................................................................................160 2 Lista de las Figuras Fig. 1: División política de Venezuela. ................................................................................................ 11 Fig. 2: Ecoregiones de Venezuela. ....................................................................................................... 13 Fig. 3: La Cordillera de la Costa. ......................................................................................................... 17 Fig. 4: Mapa de los alrededores del Cerro Zapatero. ........................................................................... 24 Fig. 5: Diagrama climático de la Estación Ecológica Guáquira. .......................................................... 25 Fig. 6: Curso de temperatura y precipitación durante el período de estudio. ....................................... 26 Fig. 7: Comparación de los cursos diarios de temperatura y humedad relativa. .................................. 27 Fig. 8: Vista desde la sabana secundaria del sitio N36 hacia el sur. .................................................... 28 Fig. 9: Vista del sitio N11: Vegetación secundaria abierta. ................................................................. 28 Fig. 10: La quebrada La Herrera en el bosque semidecíduo. ............................................................... 29 Fig. 11: Bosque nublado en la fila del Cerro Zapatero. ....................................................................... 30 Fig. 12: Fotografía aérea del área de estudio, mostrando los sitios registrados (N01 a N45). ............. 32 Fig. 13: Situación del área de estudio y las cinco áreas de comparación. ............................................ 41 Fig. 14: Flectonotus pygmaeus, pareja en amplexo. ............................................................................ 69 Fig. 15: Flectonotus pygmaeus, hembra preñada de Rancho Grande, PNHP. ..................................... 69 Fig. 16: Gastrotheca walkeri. .............................................................................................................. 69 Fig. 17: Allobates pittieri, hembra. ...................................................................................................... 69 Fig. 18: Mannophryne herminae. ......................................................................................................... 69 Fig. 19: Mannophryne neblina, Macho adulto con cuatro renacuajos en el dorso................................ 69 Fig. 20: Craugastor biporcatus. ........................................................................................................... 70 Fig. 21: Eleutherodactylus bicumulus, en la noche. ............................................................................. 70 Fig. 22: Eleutherodactylus bicumulus, en el día. ................................................................................. 70 Fig. 23: Eleutherodactylus riveroi, hembra adulta. .............................................................................. 70 Fig. 24: Eleutherodactylus rozei. ......................................................................................................... 70 Fig. 25: Eleutherodactylus terraebolivaris. ......................................................................................... 70 Fig. 26: Eleutherodactylus terraebolivaris, indivíduo con raya dorsal. ............................................... 71 Fig. 27: Chaunus marinus. ................................................................................................................... 71 Fig. 28: Chaunus sternosignatus, pareja en amplexo. ......................................................................... 71 Fig. 29: Chaunus sternosignatus, juveníl. ............................................................................................ 71 Fig. 30: Cochranella antisthenesi, macho adulto vocalizando. ........................................................... 71 Fig. 31: Cochranella antisthenesi, nido en la punta de una hoja de palma. ......................................... 71 Fig. 32: Hyalinobatrachium fragile, hembra adulta. ............................................................................ 72 Fig. 33: Dendropsophus luteoocellatus, hembra adulta. ...................................................................... 72 Fig. 34: Dendropsophus luteoocellatus, macho adulto. ....................................................................... 72 Fig. 35: Dendropsophus microcephalus, pareja en amplexo. ............................................................. 72 Fig. 36: Hylomantis medinai, pareja en amplexo. ................................................................................ 72 Fig. 37: Hylomantis medinai, macho adulto. .....................................................................................
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