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Svenska Politikers Självbiografier En Receptionsstudie Med Genusperspektiv

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Svenska Politikers Självbiografier En Receptionsstudie Med Genusperspektiv Svenska politikers självbiografier En receptionsstudie med genusperspektiv Sofia Andersson Ämne: Litteraturvetenskap Nivå: Master Poäng: 45 hp Ventilerad: VT 2016 Handledare: Maria Karlsson Examinator: Margaretha Fahlgren Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen Uppsatser inom litteraturvetenskap Abstract Autobiographies by politicians are growing as a genre in Sweden and since 1991 female politicians have gradually become active writers in the genre. This thesis is concerned with the effect of gender on how autobiographies by politicians are being received in editorials and reviews in Swedish daily press. By using theories by Judith Butler, Paulina de los Reyes, Raewyn Connell and John Chr. Jørgensen both a quantitative and a qualitative study are carried out. Based on an analysis of editorials and reviews of all political autobiographies published 1991–2013, I find that male politicians get both a higher number of and longer editorials and reviews than female politicians. This difference is growing over time. In addition to the quantitative study, the thesis also provides an intensive study of editorials and reviews from six selected autobiographies. The specific focus in this part is how questions of gender and gender-equality are treated; how and to what extent the background and personal life of the writing politician are described and if the autobiography is valued based on literary values and/or the reviewers personal opinions. I find that gender does have an impact on all these subjects and that it intersects with mainly class concerning the background and personal life of the politician. Keywords: autobiographies, autobiographies by politicians, sociology of literature, reception studies, gender studies, intersectionality, masculinity studies, literary value, Swedish politics. Innehåll 1. Inledning ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Tidigare forskning ......................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Teori .............................................................................................................................................. 5 1.2.1 Genus och intersektionalitet ................................................................................................... 6 1.2.2 Värdering och värdesättning ................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Metod och frågeställningar .......................................................................................................... 11 1.3.1 Den kvantitativa analysen ..................................................................................................... 11 1.3.2 Den kvalitativa analysen ....................................................................................................... 12 1.3.3 Frågeställningar .................................................................................................................... 13 1.4 Genrens historia och material ...................................................................................................... 14 2. Kvantitativ analys .............................................................................................................. 18 2.1 Ledare .......................................................................................................................................... 18 2.1.1 Antal ..................................................................................................................................... 18 2.1.2 Längd .................................................................................................................................... 23 2.2 Recensioner ................................................................................................................................. 26 2.2.1 Antal ..................................................................................................................................... 26 2.2.2 Längd .................................................................................................................................... 28 2.3 Sammanfattning ........................................................................................................................... 30 3. Kvalitativ analys ................................................................................................................. 32 3.1 Genus, jämställdhet och särskiljande .......................................................................................... 32 3.2 Yrkes- och privatliv ..................................................................................................................... 40 3.2.1 Politikernas bakgrund ........................................................................................................... 40 3.2.2 Hur politikerns person anses inverka på yrkeslivet och vice versa ...................................... 45 3.3 Värdering och värdesättning........................................................................................................ 57 3.3.1 Värdering .............................................................................................................................. 57 3.3.2 Värdesättning ........................................................................................................................ 64 4. Sammanfattande diskussion .............................................................................................. 68 4.1 Den kvantitativa analysen........................................................................................................ 68 4.2 Den kvalitativa analysen.......................................................................................................... 71 4. 3 Framtida möjligheter .............................................................................................................. 76 Källhänvisningar .................................................................................................................... 78 Litteratur ............................................................................................................................................ 78 Ledare och recensioner ...................................................................................................................... 81 Bilaga 1. Inventering av självbiografier 1951–2013 ............................................................ 95 1. Inledning I Sverige har vi en stark tradition av att skriva självbiografier. Med startpunkt i det tidiga 1900- talets proletärförfattande, för vilket författarens eget liv ofta var ämnet, har genren erövrat och bibehållit en stark ställning.1 Exakt hur det ser ut för självbiografin på bokmarknaden idag är dock svårt att veta då den inte har någon egen klassifikation i varken Svenska förläggarföreningens eller Kungliga bibliotekets statistik över bokutgivningen i Sverige.2 Att utgivningen av en specifik typ av självbiografier har ökat sedan mitten av 1900-talet står dock klart. Jag syftar på de som är skrivna av politiker. Första årtiondena var politikers självbiografier en genre med endast ett fåtal publicerade titlar per år. Under perioden 1951– 1989 gavs det ut i genomsnitt en självbiografi av en politiker vart tredje år. 1991 sker emellertid något av en boom: fyra titlar ges ut bara det året. Boomen blev till ett ihållande fenomen och mellan åren 1991–2013 gavs det ut 62 självbiografiska titlar av svenska politiker, det vill säga i genomsnitt 2,8 verk per år.3 1991 är även året då kvinnliga politikers självbiografier börjar publiceras. Innan detta år var de helt frånvarande inom genren, men mellan åren 1991–2013 stod de för 22 % av de politikers självbiografier som gavs ut. Detta kan sättas i samband med att kvinnorepresentationen i riksdagen vuxit markant under hela tiden som utgivningen av politikers självbiografier utvecklats. Vid mitten av 1900-talet utgör kvinnorna ungefär 7 % av riksdagsledamöterna och 2006 utgör de 47 %.4 Trots att utgivningen av politikers självbiografier haft en stark framväxt är mycket lite svensk forskning gjord på området.5 Studier har däremot gjorts på andra samtida mediefenomen i svensk politik såsom politikers beteende i sociala medier och medias bevakning av politiska skandaler.6 1 Arne Melberg, Självskrivet. Om självframställning i litteraturen, Atlantis, Stockholm, 2008, s. 152f. 2 Svenska förläggarföreningen, ”Branschstatistik 2012”, http://forlaggare.se/sites/default/files/SvF%20Branschstatistik%202012%20web_0.pdf (2014–01–27); Kungliga biblioteket, ”Statistik över svensk bokutgivning”, http://www.kb.se/samlingarna/Bibliografier/statistik/ (2014– 01–27). 3 Bilaga 1. 4 Statistiska centralbyrån, ” Riksdagens sammansättning 1929– 2006 efter parti och kön”, http://www.scb.se/sv_/Hitta-statistik/Statistik-efter-amne/Demokrati/Allmanna-val/Allmanna-val-valresultat- /12268/2014A01/Historisk-valstatistik/Riksdagens-sammansattning-1929-2006-efter-parti-och-kon/ (2014–01– 27). 5 En pågående studie i Uppsala av Margaretha Fahlgren och Birgitta Wistrand om politikers självbiografier ur ett genusperspektiv bör noteras, men den fokuserar vad jag förstår inte receptionsstudier och har vid tidpunkten för denna uppsats inte publicerat resultat. 6 Emma Eklund, Politiska bloggar, twittrande politiker. En kvantitativ studie om svenska politikers användande av sociala medier, D-uppsats presenterad vid institutionen
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