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Till Statsrådet Och Chefen För Socialdepartementet Lars Engqvist

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Till Statsrådet Och Chefen För Socialdepartementet Lars Engqvist SOU 1999:21 3 Till statsrådet och chefen för Socialdepartementet Lars Engqvist Regeringen beslutade den 30 januari 1997 att tillsätta en särskild utredare med uppdrag att kartlägga och analysera frågan om be- mötande av personer med funktionshinder och mot bakgrund av detta lämna förslag som kan bidra till att avhjälpa brister och missförhållanden i bemötandet av personer med funktionshinder. (dir. 1997:24) Bengt Lindqvist, f.d. statsråd och numera FN:s specielle rap- portör i handikappfrågor, förordnades fr.o.m. den 1 april till sär- skild utredare. Som sakkunniga i utredningen förordnades fr.o.m. den 1 november Christer Degsell, utbildningsråd, Statens Institut för Handikapp- frågor i skolan Christina Ebbeskog, ombudsman, TCO Vilhelm Ekensteen, utredningssekreterare, nominerad av De handikappades riksförbund, Synskadades riksförbund och Sveri- ges dövas riksförbund Gunilla Ekvall, departementssekreterare, Socialdepartementet Anna-Lisa Thorén Jönsson, arbetsterapeut, SACO Inger Lenas, utredare, LO Lisbeth Lidbom, avdelningsdirektör, Arbetsmarknadsstyrelsen Margareta Liljeqvist, utredare, Landstingsförbundet Lars Lööw, ordförande, Handikappförbundens samarbetsorgan, HSO Lena McElwee, specialsakkunnig, Socialstyrelsen Else-Marie Möller, avdelningsdirektör, Riksförsäkringsverket Monika Paulin, förbundsordförande Neurologiskt Handikappades Riksförbund, nominerad av HSO Ingrid Söderström, förbundssekreterare, Svenska Kommunför- bundet. Inger Lenas entledigades från sitt uppdrag den 15 december 1997 och i hennes ställe har ombudsmanen Elisabeth Brolin, SKAF, förordnats. 4 1999:21 Som sekreterare i utredningen har förordnats kanslirådet Birgitta Magnusson (fr.o.m den 1 april 1997) och till biträdande sekreterare fil.mag. Agneta Scherman (fr.o.m. den 25 augusti 1997). I utredningens arbete har även fil.dr. Dimitris Michailakis samt journalisterna Malena Sjöberg och Ann Jönsson deltagit. Därutöver har direktören vid Socialstyrelsens tillsynsgrupp Gunnar Fahlberg biträtt sekretariatet i juridiska frågor. Under 1998 har jag överlämnat ett delbetänkande och fyra rapporter. Delbetänkandet När åsikter blir handling – en kunskapsöversikt om bemötande av personer med funktionshin- der (SOU 1998: 16) tar upp forskning kring attityder och bemötande. Den första rapporten heter Kontrollerad och ifrågasatt – intervjuer med personer med funktionshinder (SOU 1998:48) och beskriver bemötandet utifrån ett antal funktionshindrade per- soners upplevelser. Den andra rapporten har namnet Arbetsför- hållanden och attityder – professionellas möten med personer med funktionshinder (SOU 1998:121). Syftet med rapporten är att försöka förstå vad som ligger bakom den kritik som personer med funktionshinder ofta uttalar gentemot samhällets representanter. I den tredje rapporten Kvinnor, män och funktionshinder (SOU 1998:138) visas att det finns många faktorer som gör att kvinnor och män med funktionshinder bemöts olika av de professionella som de möter i sin vardag. Den sista rapporten En särskild utsatt- het – om personer med funktionshinder från andra länder (SOU 1998:139) tar upp många och stora problem som möter männi- skor med både funktionshinder och utländsk bakgrund, men också på de möjligheter som finns att komma till rätta med dem. En översikt över skrifterna finns i bilaga 1. Jag avslutar nu mitt uppdrag genom att överlämna betänkandet Lindqvists nia – nio vägar att utveckla bemötandet av personer med funktionshinder (SOU 1999:21). Betänkandet finns även i lättläst version, i punktskrift och på kassett. Särskilda yttranden har överlämnats av Svenska kommunför- bundet och Landstingsförbundet. Stockholm i mars 1999 Bengt Lindqvist /Birgitta Magnusson Agneta Scherman SOU 1999:21 5 &¶RDOMENHARALLTIDSINROTIVARDAGSLIVET$ENGRORP¥ARBETS PLATSEN OCH I GRANNKVARTERET $EN ¤R ETT UTLOPP F¶R EGNA MISSLYCKANDENOCHBESVIKELSER$EN¤RFRAMF¶RALLTETTUTTRYCKF¶R OKUNNIGHETOCHR¤DSLA/KUNNIGHETOMANDRAM¤NNISKORSS¤RART R¤DSLA ATT F¶RLORA EN POSITION ETT SOCIALT PRIVILEGIUM EN F¶R HANDSR¤TT%NM¤NNISKASHUDF¤RG RAS SPR¥KOCHF¶DELSEORTHARJU INGENTINGMEDM¤NSKLIGAKVALIT©ERATTG¶RA!TTGRADERAM¤NNI SKORMEDS¥DANM¥TTSTOCKST¥RIBJ¤RTKONTRASTTILLPRINCIPENOM M¤NNISKORSLIKAV¤RDE-ENDEN¤RSKAMLIGTENKELATTTATILLF¶R DENSOMK¤NNERSIGUNDERL¤GSEN P¥ARBETSPLATSEN IS¤LLSKAPSLI VET IKONKURRENSENOMFLICKANELLERPOJKEN $¤RF¶RLIGGERF¶RDOMENALLTIDP¥LUR ¤VENIETTUPPLYSTSAMH¤LLE $ENKANBLOSSAUPPIETTSTICKORD ENOBET¤NKSAMREPLIK ENNED RIGHETIDETLILLA+ANSKEMENARDENSOMHANDLARINTES¥ILLA-EN F¶RDENSOMTR¤FFASKANDETRIVAUPPS¥RSOMALDRIGL¤KS$EFLESTA AVOSSM¤NNISKORHARETTBEHOVAVATTH¤VDAOSSGENTEMOTANDRA /CH D¥ ST¥R F¶RDOMEN MOT DEN AVVIKANDE UTL¤NNINGEN FR¤M LINGEN TILLF¶RFOGANDESOMENSISTASKANS Olof Palme, december 1965 SOU 1999:21 7 Innehåll 3AMMANFATTNING 3UMMARY &¶RFATTNINGSF¶RSLAG $%,) )NLEDNING ,AGF¤STR¤TTENTILLDELAKTIGHET 1.1 Handikappolitikens mål behöver förtydligas ............ 33 1.2 Komplettera grundlagen............................................ 34 3¤TTSTOPPF¶RDOMSTOLSTROTSET 2.1 Vissa huvudmän verkställer inte domar enligt LSS och SoL ..................................................................... 37 2.2 Tidigare förslag till åtgärder...................................... 38 2.3 Olika lösningar har diskuterats.................................. 40 2.4 SoL och LSS bör kompletteras med bestämmelser om aktivare tillsyn och vitesföreläggande................. 42 3KAPAKLARHETKRING 2¥DOCHST¶D 3.1 Innehållet i råd och stöd är oklart.............................. 46 3.2 Förtydliga lagstiftningen........................................... 47 6IDGAR¤TTENTILLTILLG¤NGLIGSAMH¤LLSINFORMATION 4.1 Behov av tillgänglig information .............................. 49 4.2 Rätten till anpassad information är en demokrati- fråga........................................................................... 51 8)NNEH¥LL SOU 1999:21 )NF¶RENFUNKTIONF¶RHANTERINGAVSYNPUNKTEROCHKRITIK P¥BEM¶TANDET 5.1 Stärk den enskildes ställning och inflytande............. 53 5.2 Olika lösningar.......................................................... 54 5.3 En modell för klagomålshantering............................ 58 5TVECKLABRUKARST¶DSCENTRA 6.1 Någon med egen erfarenhet av funktionshinder........ 61 6.2 Försöksverksamhet med brukarstöd.......................... 63 KAKOMPETENSENOMBEM¶TANDE 7.1 Kunskap behövs, men vilken? .................................. 66 7.2 Skapa ett nationellt program för kompetens- utveckling.................................................................. 67 3T¤RKHANDIKAPPFORSKNINGEN 8.1 Handikappforskningens dilemma.............................. 71 8.2 Forskningsbehov ....................................................... 73 8.3 En långsiktig strategi för handikappforskningen ...... 74 'ISSLAF¶RDOMEN 9.1 Fördomar skapar utanförskap.................................... 77 9.2 Kunskap och kultur mot fördomar............................ 78 +OSTNADEROCHFINANSIERING $%,)) 5PPDRAGET 11.1 Metod och data.......................................................... 88 11.2 Arbetets gång ............................................................ 93 "EM¶TANDETHARM¥NGADIMENSIONER -¶TETMELLANM¤NNISKOR 13.1 Skillnader i perspektiv ............................................ 101 13.2 Det goda och det dåliga mötet................................. 105 $ETKOLLEKTIVABEM¶TANDET SOU 1999:21 )NNEH¥LL9 14.1 Bemötandet – en politisk fråga ............................... 109 14.2 Några milstolpar i utvecklingen.............................. 111 14.3 Den moderna handikappolitiken tar form ............... 113 14.4 Handikappolitiken idag........................................... 116 )DEALOCHREALITETER 15.1 Två synsätt kolliderar.............................................. 124 15.2 Skolan som exempel ............................................... 127 %NSKILDASUPPLEVELSERAVBEM¶TANDET 16.1 Bemötandet påverkar människors liv...................... 131 16.2 Särskilt utsatta personer .......................................... 133 16.3 Makt, beroende och misstro .................................... 138 !NST¤LLDASARBETSF¶RH¥LLANDENOCHV¤RDERINGAR 17.1 Organisationen har betydelse för bemötandet......... 141 17.2 Arbetsvillkor och attityder påverkar bemötandet.... 143 (ANDIKAPPFORSKNINGENBEH¶VERUTVECKLAS 18.1 Behov av handikappforskning................................. 148 18.2 Könsperspektiv på funktionshinder......................... 149 18.3 En strategi för handikappforskningen..................... 150 3¤RSKILDAYTTRANDEN ,ITTERATURF¶RTECKNING "ILAGOR Utredningens publikationer – en sammanfattning................. 157 Kommittédirektiv .................................................................. 163 SOU 1999:21 11 Sammanfattning Jag har haft regeringens uppdrag att kartlägga och analysera frå- gan om bemötande av personer med funktionshinder (dir. 1997:24). Enligt mina direktiv skall jag bl.a. beskriva funk- tionshindrade personers erfarenheter av hur de bemöts och be- handlas vid kontakter med myndigheter och andra offentliga organ och vilka möjligheter de har att få sina behov tillgodosedda. Jag skall också kartlägga och analysera i vilken mån faktorer i verksamheters organisation, ledarskap och struktur samt personalens kompetens kan bidra till förbättrat bemötande och förbättrad kvalitet på insatserna. Jag har låtit människor med erfarenhet av funktionshinder komma till tals. Genom intervjuer, brev, samtal, möten, semina- rier och sammankomster med handikapporganisationer, invand- rarorganisationer och andra med kunskap om dessa frågor har jag fått en bild av hur människor med funktionshinder
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