DOCSLIB.ORG

Home Power #28 ¥ April / May 1992 HOME POWER

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

SOLAREX FULL PAGE FULL COLOUR 2 Home Power #28 • April / May 1992 HOME POWER THE HANDS-ON JOURNAL OF HOME-MADE POWER Contents From us to YOU– 4 Solar Cooker Contest– 48 Book Reviews– 76 Spring Win a PV Panel! The Hydroponic Hot House Systems– 6 Subscription Form– 51 Happenings– 77 All Things are Connected Subscribe to Home Power! Renewable Energy Events Systems– 16 Things that Work!– 53 The Wizard Speaks– 81 The Hermit PV Power Box Trace 812 Inverter Alternating Field Perm. Magnets People– 20 Things that Work!– 55 Ozonal Notes– 81 Alternative Energy in Chile NRG Wind Instruments Our staph get to rant and rave… Wind– 26 Homebrew– 57 muddy roads– 82 Pole/Pipe Wind Turbine Tower Short Circuit 35 Amp Regulator Halloween – up the creek Systems– 30 Homebrew– 61 Letters to Home Power– 83 Voltar– King of the Solar Gypsies Build a Solar Sight Feedback from HP Readers Hydro– 34 Things that Work!– 65 Q&A– 92 Long Distance Transmission Camp's Fire B-B-Q Box A manner of techie gore Batteries– 36 Back to the Basics– 67 Home Power's Business– 94 Diagnosing Battery Problems Energy Flavors Advertising and Sub data Alternative Fuels– 39 Kid's Corner– 70 Home Power MicroAds– 95 The Methane Process Sizzle, Spit, and Sunshine Unclassified Ads Heat– 43 Home & Heart– 72 Index to HP Advertisers– 98 Radiant Barriers the Garlic Guru appears… For All Display Advertisers Code Corner– 46 Movin' Pitchers– 74 Home Power Mercantile– 98 Grounding – How Solar Video Reviews RE Businesses Access Think About It Cover Home Power Magazine "Whatever you do may seem Jorrie and Ken Ciotti's POB 130 insignificant but it is very PV-powered geodesic home in Hornbrook, CA 96044-0130 important that you do it!" Montana. Story on page 6. 916–475–3179 Gandhi Photo by Jorrie Ciotti. Home Power #28 • April / May 1992 3 From us to YOU People Barry Brown Jorrie Ciotti Ken Ciotti Spring Sam Coleman Paul Cunningham Every year it happens. Every year the coming of Spring amazes me. The John Dailey cold, seemingly dead world around me comes alive with the improbability Chris Greacen of new life. I stand in awe of Nature's ever renewable vitality. Kathleen Jarschke-Schultze Kid's Corner Kids This Spring is even more amazing. This Spring's greatest promise comes Stan Krute from the least attentive of Nature's children – humans. Home Power has Tom Lane been flooded with letters, telephone calls, computer disks, and FAXes. Therese Peffer Seems like the power of Spring is awakening a Spark, the Spark that Karen Perez glows dimly in all of us, just waiting for the right moment to burst into Richard Perez flame. Al Rutan The Spark is indeed as powerful as the Sun. This Spring, I have been Mick Sagrillo talking to folks in America's electric power industry. All of a sudden, the John Schaefer long sob stories of renewable energy's immaturity and limitations are Bob–O Schultze Eleanor Frances Stranger ending. Folks who were talking twenty years from now, are now talking John Wiles next year, or even this year. It seems like America's power establishment Paul Wilkins has gotten a jolt from the Spark. Elizabeth Willey Recent developments (particularly in PVs from Texas Instruments and Steve Willey Southern California Edison), have interested people who previously spurned renewables. Big time companies are scrambling to be ready for Printing an imminent revolution in power production. RAM Offset, White City, Oregon Imagine my case of Spring Fever when corporate types start telling me Cover 50% recycled (40% pre- about their Green Dream revelations! Five years ago corporate America consumer, 10% post-consumer), low chlorine paper. Interior is recyclable, couldn't spell photovoltaic, now they are beginning to see PVs as low chlorine paper. Soybean ink used America's favorite form of roofing. Each roof a power producer, each roof throughout. contributing to a common energy pool shared by all. What is it about the Legal Spark that gives birth to the Green Dream? How does this Spark appear Home Power Magazine new, unique and fresh for each of us? How does this Spark reach into (ISSN1050-2416) is published the hearts of Nature's lost children and make us new again? bi-monthly for $10 per year at POB 130, Hornbrook, CA 96044-0130. Application I doubt I will ever truly understand Nature's processes. I am content to to mail at second class postage rates is take a big breath of fresh Spring air and smile. I urge you to do the same. Pending at Hornbrook CA. Postmaster And while you're smiling, take a look at the roof tops around you. They send address corrections to POB 130, are ready to be sparked into Spring's renewal. Hornbrook, CA 96044-0130. Copyright ©1992 Home Power, Inc. Richard Perez All rights reserved. Contents may not be reprinted or otherwise reproduced without written permission. The Night is mother of the Day, While Home Power Magazine strives for The Winter of the Spring, clarity and accuracy, we assume no And ever upon old Decay responsibility or liability for the usage of this information. The greenest mosses cling. Canada post international publications John Greenleaf Whitter 1807-1892 mail (Canadian distribution) Sales agreement #546259. 4 Home Power #28 • April / May 1992 Home Power #28 • April / May 1992 5 Above: The Ciotti Dome Home under construction. Photo by Jorrie Ciotti. All Things Are Location We purchased our property in the summer of 1974. We found land with a spring, creek, meadow, rolling hills of forest, and pristine air. We began pioneering a home and Connected carving it out of the wilderness in the Mill Creek Wilderness Area of the Flathead Indian Reservation, 15 Jorrie and Ken Ciotti miles west of Flathead Lake, 100 miles south of Glacier ©1992 Jorrie and Ken Ciotti Park in Montana. Preparation iving in harmony with nature is our Structures are an important part of our existence. We prime directive. We help, save, and chose to marry the pyramid of the past with the dome of the future. Domes have the capability of naturally L protect the critters Mother Nature circulating the flow of air and are known for their structural has brought our way. In return, Mother integrity. Nature has provided us the privilege to While renting a small house in the valley, we spent the winter reading, designing, and cutting the forms for the live in her backyard in peace and footings, walls, struts, and joists. When spring came, we harmony. had a D6 cat bulldoze the foundation. We poured 14 6 Home Power #28 • April / May 1992 Systems cubic yards of concrete for the footings and put up a four Going to the Sun foot block wall. Within two months we started hauling our A few years ago, our next dome neighbor showed us a previously-cut struts and joists to the site and began copy of Home Power. The content of the Home Power assembling the structure like a tinker-toy set. issue impressed us so much that we ordered all the back issues and decided to go to the Sun. Generator Experience For the first 15 years, we used generators when we After studying Home Power issues #12, #13, #15, #16, needed ac electricity. Our first generator, a used 30 and #17 on batteries, we decided on nickel-cadmium kilowatt (kw) gasoline generator, was purchased to power batteries (nicads) to power our business and home. We 3 homesteads. When the other two couples pulled out and needed batteries that could withstand our freezing went to warmer climates, we traded the generator for a Montana winters. The long service life was also important wood cookstove and purchased a smaller used gasoline (we had 15 years experience with replacing, cleaning, generator. But the used 3 kw Onan didn't last long. refilling, and checking lead acid batteries – yuk!). Hoping we'd have a trouble-free generator, we decided to Nicads can be more deeply discharged, without damage, purchase a new 4 kw propane Onan generator. It turned than lead-acid batteries. Nicads don't need reserve out to be a problem child. We finally purchased a new capacity and aren't damaged by operation at low states of Honda EX5500 generator which has proven to be charge. Because the output voltage is nearly constant, extremely dependable. the entire storage capacity can be utilized. These were DC Beginnings very important considerations for us. Our first attempt at inverter power to convert DC electricity to ac was a TripLite inverter. However, it was noisy, an energy hog, and easily burnt up. So we gave up on the inverter idea and installed a separate DC line. We started off using car batteries for storage. After a couple sets of car batteries, we were finally able to afford some deep cycle batteries. Our first set of Sears DieHard batteries died quickly. The next set were Trojan 105s which turned out to be a good lead acid battery. We used DC electricity to power a stereo and a DC fluorescent light so battery consumption was at a minimum. After 12 years, we bought a television (DC, of course). Above: eight of the sixteen photovoltaic modules mounted on the roof of the complete dome. Left: the interior of the dome. Photos by Jorrie Ciotti. Home Power #28 • April / May 1992 7 Systems However, finding the right nicads was difficult. We tried to busbar is a 400 Amp fuse which protects the Trace 2012 get reconditioned batteries but ran into problems with inverter from overcurrent; 4/0 wire was used from the availability, delivery, and size.
Recommended publications
  • Fire Fighter Safety and Emergency Response for Solar Power Systems

    Fire Fighter Safety and Emergency Response for Solar Power Systems

    Fire Fighter Safety and Emergency Response for Solar Power Systems Final Report A DHS/Assistance to Firefighter Grants (AFG) Funded Study Prepared by: Casey C. Grant, P.E. Fire Protection Research Foundation The Fire Protection Research Foundation One Batterymarch Park Quincy, MA, USA 02169-7471 Email: [email protected] http://www.nfpa.org/foundation © Copyright Fire Protection Research Foundation May 2010 Revised: October, 2013 (This page left intentionally blank) FOREWORD Today's emergency responders face unexpected challenges as new uses of alternative energy increase. These renewable power sources save on the use of conventional fuels such as petroleum and other fossil fuels, but they also introduce unfamiliar hazards that require new fire fighting strategies and procedures. Among these alternative energy uses are buildings equipped with solar power systems, which can present a variety of significant hazards should a fire occur. This study focuses on structural fire fighting in buildings and structures involving solar power systems utilizing solar panels that generate thermal and/or electrical energy, with a particular focus on solar photovoltaic panels used for electric power generation. The safety of fire fighters and other emergency first responder personnel depends on understanding and properly handling these hazards through adequate training and preparation. The goal of this project has been to assemble and widely disseminate core principle and best practice information for fire fighters, fire ground incident commanders, and other emergency first responders to assist in their decision making process at emergencies involving solar power systems on buildings. Methods used include collecting information and data from a wide range of credible sources, along with a one-day workshop of applicable subject matter experts that have provided their review and evaluation on the topic.
  • Draft Energy Bill: Pre–Legislative Scrutiny

    Draft Energy Bill: Pre–Legislative Scrutiny

    House of Commons Energy and Climate Change Committee Draft Energy Bill: Pre–legislative Scrutiny First Report of Session 2012-13 Volume III Additional written evidence Ordered by the House of Commons to be published on 24 May, 12, 19 and 26 June, 3 July, and 10 July 2012 Published on Monday 23 July 2012 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited The Energy and Climate Change Committee The Energy and Climate Change Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Department of Energy and Climate Change and associated public bodies. Current membership Mr Tim Yeo MP (Conservative, South Suffolk) (Chair) Dan Byles MP (Conservative, North Warwickshire) Barry Gardiner MP (Labour, Brent North) Ian Lavery MP (Labour, Wansbeck) Dr Phillip Lee MP (Conservative, Bracknell) Albert Owen MP (Labour, Ynys Môn) Christopher Pincher MP (Conservative, Tamworth) John Robertson MP (Labour, Glasgow North West) Laura Sandys MP (Conservative, South Thanet) Sir Robert Smith MP (Liberal Democrat, West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine) Dr Alan Whitehead MP (Labour, Southampton Test) The following members were also members of the committee during the parliament: Gemma Doyle MP (Labour/Co-operative, West Dunbartonshire) Tom Greatrex MP (Labour, Rutherglen and Hamilton West) Powers The Committee is one of the departmental select committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 152. These are available on the Internet via www.parliament.uk. Publication The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House.
  • Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives

    Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives

    Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives DONALD VIAL CENTER ON EMPLOYMENT IN THE GREEN ECONOMY Institute for Research on Labor and Employment University of California, Berkeley November 10, 2014 By Peter Philips, Ph.D. Professor of Economics, University of Utah Visiting Scholar, University of California, Berkeley, Institute for Research on Labor and Employment Peter Philips | Donald Vial Center on Employment in the Green Economy | November 2014 1 2 Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California: Quality Careers—Cleaner Lives Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives DONALD VIAL CENTER ON EMPLOYMENT IN THE GREEN ECONOMY Institute for Research on Labor and Employment University of California, Berkeley November 10, 2014 By Peter Philips, Ph.D. Professor of Economics, University of Utah Visiting Scholar, University of California, Berkeley, Institute for Research on Labor and Employment Peter Philips | Donald Vial Center on Employment in the Green Economy | November 2014 3 About the Author Peter Philips (B.A. Pomona College, M.A., Ph.D. Stanford University) is a Professor of Economics and former Chair of the Economics Department at the University of Utah. Philips is a leading economic expert on the U.S. construction labor market. He has published widely on the topic and has testified as an expert in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, served as an expert for the U.S. Justice Department in litigation concerning the Davis-Bacon Act (the federal prevailing wage law), and presented testimony to state legislative committees in Ohio, Indiana, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Utah, Kentucky, Connecticut, and California regarding the regulations of construction labor markets.
  • Roussely Report: Saving French Nuclear Industry with Outrageous Measures

    Roussely Report: Saving French Nuclear Industry with Outrageous Measures

    SEPTEMBER 3, 2010 | No. 715 ROUSSELY REPORT: SAVING FRENCH NUCLEAR INDUSTRY WITH ROUSSELY REPORT: SAVING FRENCH NUCLEAR INDUSTRY OUTRAGEOUS MEASURES WITH OUTRAGEOUS After France's failure to win the contract for four nuclear power MEASURES 1 plants in the United Arab Emirates, President Sarkozy ordered a OLKILUOTO BLOCKADE 2 report on the French nuclear industry. The outline of the Roussely report (named after Francois Roussely, a former EDF president), HAUNTED BY HISTORY: NUCLEAR NEW BUILD IN dated June 16, was made public –in French- by the Elysée Palace BRITAIN 4 on 27 July 2010 NUCLEAR ENERGY (715.6078) Sortir du nucleaire - In the the claims made by Areva, the merchant DECREASES WORLD report, author Francois Roussely of nuclear plants. Roussely points out the STABILITY AND INCREASES recognizes the scale of the problems inadequate performance of the French INEQUALITY 7 facing the French nuclear industry: lack nuclear reactors: “whereas global of export competitiveness, falling average nuclear plant availability has MORE PLUTONIUM DESTINED domestic load factor, delays and cost significantly increased during the last 15 FOR WIPP? 7 overruns in EPR construction projects. years, nuclear plant availability in France PROLONGING NUCLEAR has seen a marked decrease in the last POWER WILL HINDER French nuclear industry: disastrous few years.” RENEWABLES 8 economic and industrial results The failure of the EPR is such, according IN BRIEF 9 The Roussely report recognizes the scale to Roussely, that “it is the credibility, and of the setbacks experienced by Areva therefore the very existence” of the and EDF at the EPR reactor construction French nuclear industry which is at stake.
  • Who Pays? Consumer Attitudes to the Growth of Levies to Fund Environmental and Social Energy Policy Objectives Prashant Vaze and Chris Hewett About Consumer Focus

    Who Pays? Consumer Attitudes to the Growth of Levies to Fund Environmental and Social Energy Policy Objectives Prashant Vaze and Chris Hewett About Consumer Focus

    Who Pays? Consumer attitudes to the growth of levies to fund environmental and social energy policy objectives Prashant Vaze and Chris Hewett About Consumer Focus Consumer Focus is the statutory Following the recent consumer and consumer champion for England, Wales, competition reforms, the Government Scotland and (for postal consumers) has asked Consumer Focus to establish Northern Ireland. a new Regulated Industries Unit by April 2013 to represent consumers’ interests in We operate across the whole of the complex, regulated markets sectors. The economy, persuading businesses, Citizens Advice service will take on our public services and policy-makers to role in other markets from April 2013. put consumers at the heart of what they do. We tackle the issues that matter to Our Annual Plan for 2012/13 is available consumers, and give people a stronger online, consumerfocus.org.uk voice. We don’t just draw attention to problems – we work with consumers and with a range of organisations to champion creative solutions that make a difference to consumers’ lives. For regular updates from Consumer Focus, sign up to our monthly e-newsletter by emailing [email protected] or follow us on Twitter http://twitter.com/consumerfocus Consumer Focus Contents Executive summary .................................................................................................... 4 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 8 Background ..............................................................................................................
  • CSPV Solar Cells and Modules from China

    CSPV Solar Cells and Modules from China

    Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells and Modules from China Investigation Nos. 701-TA-481 and 731-TA-1190 (Preliminary) Publication 4295 December 2011 U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 U.S. International Trade Commission COMMISSIONERS Deanna Tanner Okun, Chairman Irving A. Williamson, Vice Chairman Charlotte R. Lane Daniel R. Pearson Shara L. Aranoff Dean A. Pinkert Robert B. Koopman Acting Director of Operations Staff assigned Christopher Cassise, Senior Investigator Andrew David, Industry Analyst Nannette Christ, Economist Samantha Warrington, Economist Charles Yost, Accountant Gracemary Roth-Roffy, Attorney Lemuel Shields, Statistician Jim McClure, Supervisory Investigator Address all communications to Secretary to the Commission United States International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 www.usitc.gov Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells and Modules from China Investigation Nos. 701-TA-481 and 731-TA-1190 (Preliminary) Publication 4295 December 2011 C O N T E N T S Page Determinations.................................................................. 1 Views of the Commission ......................................................... 3 Separate Views of Commission Charlotte R. Lane ...................................... 31 Part I: Introduction ............................................................ I-1 Background .................................................................. I-1 Organization of report.........................................................
  • A Rational Look at Renewable Energy

    A Rational Look at Renewable Energy

    A RATIONAL LOOK AT RENEWABLE ENERGY AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF INTERMITTENT POWER By Kimball Rasmussen | President and CEO, Deseret Power | November 2010, Edition 1.2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Forward................................................................................................................................................................. .2. Wind Energy......................................................................................................................................................... .3 Fundamental.Issue:.Intermittency............................................................................................................ .3 Name-plate.Rating.versus.Actual.Energy.Delivery............................................................................... .3 Wind.is.Weak.at.Peak.................................................................................................................................. .3 Texas...............................................................................................................................................................4 California.......................................................................................................................................................4 The.Pacific.Northwest................................................................................................................................ .5 The.Western.United.States.......................................................................................................................
  • Corporate Responsibility Report 2007 Corporate Responsibility Report 2007

    Corporate Responsibility Report 2007 Corporate Responsibility Report 2007

    Corporate Responsibility Report 2007 Corporate Responsibility Report 2007 Index Page number Welcome 2 Performance Summary 2007 3 Managing our Responsibilities Our Approach 6 Governance 7 Environment 8 Stakeholder Engagement 11 Scope 12 Benchmarking and Recognition 13 Our 12 Impacts 15 Provision of Energy 16 Health and Safety 25 Customer Experience 35 Climate Change and Emissions to Air 43 Waste and Resource Use 52 Biodiversity 62 Sites, Siting and Infrastructure 70 Employment Experience 75 Customers with Special Circumstances 88 Community 94 Procurement 107 Economic 113 Assurance Statement 116 Page 1 of 118 www.scottishpower.com/CorporateResponsibility.asp Corporate Responsibility Report 2007 Welcome 2007 was a landmark year for our business with the successful integration of ScottishPower and IBERDROLA. The new enlarged IBERDROLA Group ended 2007 as one of the worlds largest electricity companies by market capitalisation. Through the friendly integration, now successfully completed, we have reinforced our shared commitment to Corporate Responsibility. Our reporting year has been aligned to IBERDROLA so going forward we will be working on a calendar year basis. Achieving Scottish Business in the Community Large Company of the Year in 2007 was an important endorsement for ScottishPowers work and to our commitment to environmental and social issues. During 2007, we have announced significant investments in sustainable generation projects and environmental technologies; increased our 2010 target for delivery of wind energy projects in the UK to 1,200 MW and established partnerships that will help secure Scotlands place as the world leader in marine energy. In addition, we announced the UKs largest energy crop project and embarked on a major study into cleaner coal generation.
  • Department of Energy Loan Guarantee Program: Update on Loan Guarantee Applicants

    Department of Energy Loan Guarantee Program: Update on Loan Guarantee Applicants

    Department of Energy Loan Guarantee Program: Update on Loan Guarantee Applicants Passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Title XVII Loan Guarantee Program has $34 billion in authority to give loan guarantees to innovative technologies.1 The 1705 program also had about $2.4 billion in American Reinvestment and Recovery Act funds to pay for the credit subsidy cost for renewable and energy efficiency projects, but those funds expired on September 30, 2011. So far, the DOE has finalized $15.1 billion worth of loans and committed another $15 billion. Over the life of the program, the DOE loan programs office has received a total of 460 applications as a result of nine solicitations with an median requested loan amount of $141 million—and a high of $12 billion to support the development of a nuclear power plant.2 Below is a list of those applicants which have received conditionally committed or finalized loans based largely on our independent research. There are also companies that are in the process of applying for a loan and companies which have withdrawn or defaulted for financial reasons. Nuclear Power Facilities Current DOE loan guarantee authority for the financing of nuclear projects is set at $18.5 billion with an additional $4 billion now identified for uranium enrichment (see see front-end nuclear cycle below).1 President Obama has requested more. In both his FY2011 and FY2012 budgets, he included an additional $36 billion in loan guarantee authority for nuclear reactors. In late 2009 and early 2010, reports indicated that the final contenders for the first nuclear loan guarantee were: UniStar Nuclear Energy, SCANA Energy, Southern Company, and NRG Energy.
  • US Solar Industry Year in Review 2009

    US Solar Industry Year in Review 2009

    US Solar Industry Year in Review 2009 Thursday, April 15, 2010 575 7th Street NW Suite 400 Washington DC 20004 | www.seia.org Executive Summary U.S. Cumulative Solar Capacity Growth Despite the Great Recession of 2009, the U.S. solar energy 2,500 25,000 23,835 industry grew— both in new installations and 2,000 20,000 employment. Total U.S. solar electric capacity from 15,870 2,108 photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) 1,500 15,000 technologies climbed past 2,000 MW, enough to serve -th MW more than 350,000 homes. Total U.S. solar thermal 1,000 10,000 MW 1 capacity approached 24,000 MWth. Solar industry 494 revenues also surged despite the economy, climbing 500 5,000 36 percent in 2009. - - A doubling in size of the residential PV market and three new CSP plants helped lift the U.S. solar electric market 37 percent in annual installations over 2008 from 351 MW in 2008 to 481 MW in 2009. Solar water heating (SWH) Electricity Capacity (MW) Thermal Capacity (MW-Th) installations managed 10 percent year-over-year growth, while the solar pool heating (SPH) market suffered along Annual U.S. Solar Energy Capacity Growth with the broader construction industry, dropping 10 1,200 1,099 percent. 1,036 1,000 918 894 928 Another sign of continued optimism in solar energy: 865 -th 725 758 742 venture capitalists invested more in solar technologies than 800 542 any other clean technology in 2009. In total, $1.4 billion in 600 481 2 351 venture capital flowed to solar companies in 2009.
  • Marine Energy Electrical Architecture

    Marine Energy Electrical Architecture

    Marine Energy Electrical Architecture Report 1: Landscape Map and Literature Review September 2015 Marine Energy Electrical Architecture PN000083-LRT-006 Document History Field Detail Report Title Marine Energy Electrical Architecture Report Sub-Title Report 1: Landscape Map and Literature Review Client/Funding CORE Status Public Project Reference PN000083 Document Reference PN000083-LRT-006 Prepared Revision Date Checked by Approved by Revision History by R0 April 2015 Alan Mason Stephanie Hay Rachel Hodges First Release August R1 Alan Mason Stephanie Hay Rachel Hodges Second Release 2015 Disclaimer: The information contained in this report is for general information and is provided by TNEI. Whilst we endeavour to keep the information up to date and correct, neither ORE Catapult nor TNEI make any representations or warranties of any kind, express, or implied about the completeness, accuracy or reliability of the information and related graphics. Any reliance you place on this information is at your own risk and in no event shall ORE Catapult or TNEI be held liable for any loss, damage including without limitation indirect or consequential damage or any loss or damage whatsoever arising from reliance on same. ORE Catapult Marine Energy Electrical Architecture PN000083-LRT-006 Contents 1 Executive summary ................................................................................................ 5 2 Introduction............................................................................................................. 8 3 MEC Overview......................................................................................................
  • Wild Springs Solar Project Draft Environmental Assessment Pennington County, South Dakota

    Wild Springs Solar Project Draft Environmental Assessment Pennington County, South Dakota

    Wild Springs Solar Project Draft Environmental Assessment Pennington County, South Dakota DOE/EA-2068 April 2021 Table of Contents Introduction and Background ................................................................................... 1 Purpose and Need for WAPA’s Federal Action ...................................................................... 1 Wild Springs Solar’s Purpose and Need .................................................................................. 1 Proposed Action and Alternatives ............................................................................ 2 No Action Alternative .............................................................................................................. 2 Alternatives Considered but Eliminated from Further Study .................................................. 2 Proposed Action ....................................................................................................................... 2 Solar Panels and Racking ................................................................................................3 Electrical Collection System ...........................................................................................4 Inverter/Transformer Skids .............................................................................................4 Access Roads ..................................................................................................................5 Fencing & Cameras .........................................................................................................5