Newsletter Newsletter of the Broseley Local History Society Incorporating the Wilkinson Society November 2009 MEETINGS PROGRAMME Meetings of the Broseley Local History Society 6 Jan More Memories of Broseley with Joan are held on the first Wednesday of each month at Griffiths 7.30 pm at the Broseley Social Club, High Street, 3 Feb The Origins and Legacy of the Royal Oak unless otherwise announced. Car parking is by Alan Lewis available at the back of the Club. 3 Mar Watermills in the West Midlands by Tim Booth Members are requested to be seated by 7.30 pm to 7 Apr Annual Wilkinson Lecture, William allow speakers a prompt start. Withering, by George Evans Visitors are welcome but are asked to give a 5 May The Life and Times of George Pritchard donation towards Society funds. by Michael Pope Further details from Neil Clarke 01952 504135. CONTENTS Programme page 1 NEW MEMBERS New Members page 1 The Society would like to welcome the following Christmas Dinner page 1 new members: Annual General Meeting page 2 Graham Hollox, Jackfield Pam Hurley, Abbots Langley, Herts Previous Meetings David Old, Padstow, Cornwall The New Free Bridge page 2 Alan and Pam Wood, Homer The Wrekin Brewery page 6 Ann Wynn, Jackfield Obituary Mollie Dixon page 8 CHRISTMAS DINNER Broseley Jitties Trail page 8 Wednesday 2 December The Lion, High Street Antiques Roadshow page 9 7.30 for 7.45 pm Broseley Cemetery Chapel page 9 £19.95 per person What’s On? page 10 The Society’s Christmas dinner is once again Bookshop page 10 being held at The Lion in the High Street. Make Mailbox page 10 sure to book your place by not later than Christmas Dinner booking form page 13 Wednesday 25 November by completing the form on p13 and returning it with your payment to Janet Robinson, 26 Coalport Road, Broseley TF12 5AZ. Newsletter Cheques should be made payable to the Broseley would like to wish all its readers a Local History Society. Merry Christmas Please note that if you were given a booking and a form at the November meeting, the menu did Happy New Year not include turkey and all the trimmings. This has now been rectified, so if you have already 1 made your choice and wish to change it please In the late 1700s the only bridges across the Severn contact Janet Robinson on 01952 882495. Gorge had been at Buildwas to the west and Bridgnorth to the south. With the growth of ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING industry in this area, however, it was becoming At the AGM chairman Gillian Pope reported on the increasingly apparent that there was a need to year’s activities. These had included an interesting replace the existing ferries with a safer and more programme of talks as well as a guided tour of the commerically viable method of crossing the river. Hay Cop and a personalised tour of the Black In 1779 the construction of the world’s first iron Country. bridge, linking Broseley with Coalbrookdale, was The Society was continuing to commission begun. Further downstream, a wooden bridge, commemorative plaques for places of interest linking William Reynolds’ Coalport china works around the town. Two had already been installed with the south bank, was built in 1780. This on Raddle Hall and the Social Club; another two, bridge, however, was swept away in the disastrous for Whitehall and Victoria Hall, were in hand. floods of 1795 and was only rebuilt in 1799, using These had all been made by Roger Fewtrell at part wood and part iron. The medieval stone Blists Hill. bridge at Buildwas had also been destroyed in these floods and was subsequently rebuilt to a In addition to thanking the committee for their design by Thomas Telford using iron cast at ongoing support, Gillian also thanked Steve Coalbrookdale. Dewhirst for his upkeep of the Society’s website which contains such a wealth of information. Despite these new bridges, however, the workers at the busy port of Jackfield on one side of the river The treasurer’s report showed that the Society’s and the industrial workings of Madeley on the finances were in a reasonable state. It was, other still had to cross either by coracle or by the however, proposed to increase subscriptions to ferry operated by the owners of the Dog and Duck £6.00 for a single member and £10.00 for a couple. public house. It was to be another hundred years This motion was carried with immediate effect. before any further bridges were built in this area All members of the committee were unanimously and it was only in the early 1900s that public re-elected. In addition Shelagh Keenan, who had demand grew so great that plans were made to indicated she would be willing to stand, was build a bridge at this point. elected. Gillian Pope was then confirmed as being Funded partly by public subscription and partly by chairman for the coming year. a Mr R Haynes, who left an amount of £600 for the All subscriptions are now due and should be made benefit of the residents of the town of his birth, it to Janet Robinson, 26 Coalport Road, Broseley, was completed in 1909 at a cost of £1,596 and was TF12 5AZ, tel: 01952 882495. Please make your the first toll free bridge crossing the Gorge. cheque payable to the Broseley Local History The ferry run by the Oswell family, who also kept the Society. Dog and Duck pub on the Jackfield side of the river PREVIOUS MEETINGS THE NEW FREE BRIDGE In September John Freeman gave an illustrated talk on the construction in 1994 of the Jackfield Bridge, more commonly known as the New Free Bridge, which spans the River Severn downstream of the famous Iron Bridge. John was uniquely placed to give this talk, as his plant hire firm supplied equipment to almost every contractor involved in its construction. 2 Although officially named the Haynes Memorial As its name suggests, the Iron Bridge had been the Bridge, it very quickly became known as the Free first bridge in the world constructed entirely of Bridge. iron. Telford’s design for the new Buildwas bridge had also used this material, although developments The proposed erection of this bridge did not, in this field had allowed for a much lighter however, meet with everyone’s approval. Not framework. The new bridge at Jackfield now unnaturally the owners of the ferry did not relish followed this trend for using the latest technology the loss of income which they would suffer. by being one of the very first bridges to be built of Neither did the owners of the Iron Bridge. Their ferro-concrete. answer to the loss of their toll fees was to build a barricade across the access road. Ferro-concrete was a relatively new material, the development of which had been pioneered by Unfortunately for them, this road ran through land François Hennebique. Although Hennebique held belonging to Lord Forester who, being fully in the patent, it was another Frenchman, Louis support of the bridge, ordered them to take the Mouchel, who introduced the use of it to Britain barricade down. For the general public, however, when he designed the Weaver & Co Mill in a bridge promised huge advantages and some Swansea. Built in 1898 this was the first entirely 5,000 grateful people attended its opening. reinforced concrete fully-framed structure in the country. The bridge was completed in six months at a cost of £1,596. The opening on 26 June 1909 was attended by some As early as the 1930s, however, the Free Bridge 5,000 people. Officially named the Haynes Memorial Bridge it quickly became known as the Free Bridge as it was the was beginning to show signs of corrosion and in first toll free bridge across the Gorge 1935 and again two years later concrete was sprayed onto the existing structure to strengthen it, a process known as guniting. In 1937 the authorities introduced a weight restriction of eight tons. This meant that, among other disadvantages, beer lorries could no longer cross at that point. The Weaver & Co Mill in Swansea was the first entirely reinforced concrete fully-framed building in Britain. It was designed by Louis Mouchel in The bridge had an open spandrell design spanning 230 ft 1898 using (approx 70 metres), with a central span of 87 ft (approx Hennebique’s 26 metres) and two half arches springing patented method from eight piled points It could be a perilous crossing when the river was in flood 3 The idea that the supply of ale to their inns and As a temporary measure in 1986 a bailey type bridge was built on top of the existing bridge and was designed to allow pubs would be severely hampered was too much the existing piers to take the weight of the traffic for the people of Broseley and the restriction was changed to 12 tons. Later on it was changed yet again to 10 tons – presumably beer lorries had got lighter in the intervening years! Guniting was again tried in 1961 and 1969, but by the 1980s it was becoming obvious that more drastic action had to be taken. In 1985 a Sandberg Analysis was carried out which showed signs of severe corrosion and it was clear that the bridge was in urgent need of rebuilding. As a temporary measure a bailey type bridge was built on top of Erecting the bailey bridge before the old bridge was demolished the existing bridge but this could only take a single lane of traffic and was controlled by traffic lights.