HCSS GEO-ECONOMICS Securing Critical Materials for Critical Sectors Policy options for the Netherlands and the European Union Irina Patrahau, Ankita Singhvi, Michel Rademaker, Hugo van Manen, René Kleijn and Lucia van Geuns HCSS helps governments, non-governmental organizations and the private sector to understand the fast-changing environment and seeks to anticipate the challenges of the future with practical policy solutions and advice. Securing Critical Materials for Critical Sectors Policy options for the Netherlands and the European Union HCSS Geo-Economics The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies ISBN/EAN: 9789492102805 Authors: HCSS: Irina Patrahau, Michel Rademaker (Project Leader), Hugo van Manen, and Lucia van Geuns Centrum voor Milieuwetenschappen: Ankita Singhvi and René Kleijn December 2020 The research for and production of this report have been conducted within the PROGRESS research framework agreement. Responsibility for the contents and for the opinions expressed, rests solely with the authors and does not constitute, nor should be construed as, an endorsement by the Netherlands Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Defense. This project has been completed on behalf of the China Knowledge Network of the Government of the Netherlands. © The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced and/or published in any form by print, photo print, microfilm or any other means without prior written permission from HCSS. All images are subject to the licenses of their respective owners. Design: Mihai Eduard Coliban (layout) and Constantin Nimigean (typesetting). The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies
[email protected] hcss.nl Lange Voorhout 1 2514EA The Hague The Netherlands HCSS GEO-Economics Securing Critical Materials for Critical Sectors Policy options for the Netherlands and the European Union Irina Patrahau, Ankita Singhvi, Michel Rademaker, Hugo van Manen, René Kleijn and Lucia van Geuns Table of Contents Management Samenvatting 7 Executive Summary (EN) 10 1.