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Univerza V Ljubljani Ekonomska Fakulteta UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI EKONOMSKA FAKULTETA M A G I S T R S K O D E L O PRIMERJALNOPRAVNI VIDIKI VARSTVA AVTORSKE PRAVICE IN SORODNIH PRAVIC V SLOVENIJI, HRVAŠKI, MAKEDONIJI TER BOSNI IN HERCEGOVINI V Ljubljani, maj 2006 Mojca Urban čič I Z J A V A Študentka Mojca Urban čič izjavljam, da sem avtorica tega magistrskega dela, ki sem ga napisala pod mentorstvom prof. dr. Krešimirja Puhari ča in skladno s 1. odstavkom 21. člena Zakona o avtorskih in sorodnih pravicah dovolim objavo magistrskega dela na fakultetnih spletnih straneh. V Ljubljani, dne 15. 5. 2006 Mojca Urban čič KAZALO 1 UVOD.............................................................................................................................. 1 2 ZASNOVA VARSTVA OBRAVNAVANIH PRAVIC V MEDNARODNEM PRAVU IN PRAVU EU ................................................................................................................ 4 2.1 KLASI ČNO MEDNARODNO PRAVO IN PRAVO EU ..................................... 4 2.1.1 POLOŽAJ KLASI ČNEGA MEDNARODNEGA PRAVA V NACIONALNIH PRAVNIH SISTEMIH........................................................ 4 2.1.2 POLOŽAJ EVROPSKEGA PRAVA V NACIONALNIH PRAVNIH SISTEMIH DRŽAV ČLANIC ES ................................................................... 6 2.2 SVETOVNA TRGOVINSKA ORGANIZACIJA (STO).................................... 11 2.3 POMEN SPORAZUMA O TRGOVINSKIH VIDIKIH PRAVIC INTELEKTUALNE LASTNINE – TRIPS.......................................................... 13 2.4 NESORAZMERJA IN OVIRE V MEDNARODNI TRGOVINI IN NJIHOV VPLIV NA UVELJAVLJANJE AVTORSKE PRAVICE IN SORODNIH PRAVIC ............................................................................................................... 16 2.4.1 VIDEO IN FILMSKO PIRATSTVO............................................................. 17 2.4.2 PIRATSTVO NA PODRO ČJU GLASBENE INDUSTIRJE ........................ 18 2.4.3 PIRATSTVO NA PODRO ČJU INFORMACIJSKE TEHNOLOGIJE ......... 19 3 TRIPS – STANDARDI RAZPOLOŽLJIVOSTI, OBSEGA IN UPORABE AVTORSKE PRAVICE IN SORODNIH PRAVIC ..................................................... 25 3.1 KNJIŽEVNA DELA ............................................................................................ 26 3.2 RA ČUNALNIŠKI PROGRAMI IN ZBIRKE PODATKOV .............................. 37 3.3 PRAVICE IZ NAJEMA....................................................................................... 41 3.4 IZVAJALCI, PROIZVAJALCI FONOGRAMOV IN RTV ORGANIZACIJE.. 46 3.5 UVELJAVLJANJE AVTORSKE PRAVICE IN SORODNIH PRAVIC (SPORAZUM TRIPS).......................................................................................... 51 3.6 DOLO ČBE O CIVILNIH IN UPRAVNIH POSTOPKIH TER SREDSTVIH ... 54 3.7 DOLO ČBE O ZA ČASNIH UKREPIH................................................................ 56 3.8 DOLO ČBE O POSEBNIH ZAHTEVAH V ZVEZI Z UKREPI NA MEJI........ 57 3.9 DOLO ČBE O KAZENSKIH POSTOPKIH ........................................................ 57 4 STANDARDI RAZPOLOŽLJIVOSTI, OBSEGA IN UPORABE AVTORSKE PRAVICE IN SORODNIH PRAVIC TER NJIHOVO UVELJAVLJANJE V SLOVENIJI, HRVAŠKI, MAKEDONIJI TER BOSNI IN HERCEGOVINI.............. 58 4.1 ORIS NEKATERIH SKUPNIH IZHODIŠ Č UREDITVE IZ NEKDANJE SFRJ …………………………………………………………………………………..58 4.2 UREDITEV V SLOVENIJI ................................................................................. 59 4.2.1 STANDARDI RAZPOLOŽLJIVOSTI, OBSEGA IN UPORABE AVTORSKE PRAVICE IN SORODNIH PRAVIC V SLOVENIJI ............. 60 4.2.1.1 KNJIŽEVNA DELA ................................................................................ 60 4.2.1.2 RA ČUNALNIŠKI PROGRAMI IN ZBIRKE PODATKOV .................. 69 4.2.1.3 PRAVICE IZ NAJEMA........................................................................... 72 I 4.2.1.4 IZVAJALCI, PROIZVAJALCI FONOGRAMOV IN RADIODIFUZNE, RTV ORGANIZACIJE............................................................................ 73 4.2.1.5 UVELJAVLJANJE AVTORSKE PRAVICE IN SORODNIH PRAVIC 76 4.3 UREDITEV NA HRVAŠKEM............................................................................ 84 4.3.1 STANDARDI RAZPOLOŽLJIVOSTI, OBSEGA IN UPORABE AVTORSKE PRAVICE IN SORODNIH PRAVIC NA HRVAŠKEM........ 84 4.3.1.1 KNJIŽEVNA DELA................................................................................ 85 4.3.1.2 RA ČUNALNIŠKI PROGRAMI IN ZBIRKE PODATKOV .................. 91 4.3.1.3 PRAVICE IZ NAJEMA........................................................................... 92 4.3.1.4 IZVAJALCI, PROIZVAJALCI FONOGRAMOV IN RADIODIFUZNE, RTV ORGANIZACIJE............................................................................ 93 4.3.1.5 UVELJAVLJANJE AVTORSKE PRAVICE IN SORODNIH PRAVIC 95 4.4 UREDITEV V MAKEDONIJI ............................................................................ 99 4.4.1 STANDARDI RAZPOLOŽLJIVOSTI, OBSEGA IN UPORABE AVTORSKE PRAVICE IN SORODNIH PRAVIC V MAKEDONIJI ...... 100 4.4.1.1 KNJIŽEVNA DELA.............................................................................. 100 4.4.1.2 RA ČUNALNIŠKI PROGRAMI IN ZBIRKE PODATKOV ................ 103 4.4.1.3 PRAVICE IZ NAJEMA......................................................................... 104 4.4.1.4 IZVAJALCI, PROIZVAJALCI FONOGRAMOV IN RADIODIFUZNE, RTV ORGANIZACIJE.......................................................................... 104 4.4.1.5 UVELJAVLJANJE AVTORSKE PRAVICE IN SORODNIH PRAVIC …………………………………………………………………………106 4.5 UREDITEV V BOSNI IN HERCEGOVINI ..................................................... 109 4.5.1 STANDARDI RAZPOLOŽLJIVOSTI, OBSEGA IN UPORABE AVTORSKE PRAVICE IN SORODNIH PRAVIC V BOSNI IN HERCEGOVINI........................................................................................... 109 4.5.1.1 KNJIŽEVNA DELA.............................................................................. 110 4.5.1.2 RA ČUNALNIŠKI PROGRAMI IN ZBIRKE PODATKOV ................ 113 4.5.1.3 PRAVICE IZ NAJEMA......................................................................... 114 4.5.1.4 IZVAJALCI, PROIZVAJALCI FONOGRAMOV IN RADIODIFUZNE, RTV ORGANIZACIJE.......................................................................... 114 4.5.1.5 UVELJAVLJANJE AVTORSKE PRAVICE IN SORODNIH PRAVIC …………………………………………………………………………116 5 MEDSEBOJNA PRIMERJAVA STANDARDOV RAZPOLOŽLJIVOSTI, OBSEGA IN UPORABE AVTORSKE PRAVCE IN SORODNIH PRAVIC TER NJIHOVEGA UVELJAVLJANJA V SLOVENIJI, HRVAŠKI, MAKEDONIJI TER BOSNI IN HERCEGOVINI.......................................................................................................... 119 5.1 PRIMERJAVA STANDARDOV RAZPOLOŽLJIVOSTI, OBSEGA IN UPORABE AVTORSKE PRAVCE IN SORODNIH PRAVIC........................ 120 5.1.1 KNJIŽEVNA DELA.................................................................................... 121 5.1.2 RA ČUNALNIŠKI PROGRAMI IN ZBIRKE PODATKOV ...................... 122 5.1.3 PRAVICE IZ NAJEMA............................................................................... 123 II 5.1.4 IZVAJALCI, PROIZVAJALCI FONOGRAMOV IN RTV ORGANIZACIJE………………………………………………………… . 125 5.2 UVELJAVLJANJE AVTORSKE PRAVICE IN SORODNIH PRAVIC .........127 6. PRAKSA NA PODRO ČJU UVELJAVLJANJA VARSTVA AVTORSKE PRAVICE IN SORODNIH PRAVIC............................................................................................ 130 7. SKLEPNE UGOTOVITVE......................................................................................... 134 LITERATURA IN VIRI.................................................................................................... 141 PRILOGE 1-6 III 1 UVOD Mednarodna prizadevanja za razvoj in doseganje visokih standardov u činkovitega varstva pravic intelektualne lastnine in prizadevanja za odpravo nesorazmerij in ovir v mednarodni trgovini s svetovnega vidika so se v preteklem desetletju pokazali pri sprejemu sporazuma TRIPS, t.j. Sporazuma o trgovinskih vidikih pravic intelektualne lastnine (Uradni list RS MP št. 10/1995). Sporazum je bil sprejet v okviru Svetovne trgovinske organizacije (STO), med drugim tudi z namenom ustvarjanja medsebojne podpore drugim mednarodnim organizacijam, med katerimi je v uvodnem delu sporazuma TRIPS omenjena Svetovna organizacija za intelektualno lastnino (WIPO). Sporazum TRIPS je eden najpomembnejših mednarodnih sporazumov s podro čja intelektualne lastnine v okviru klasi čnih trgovinskih sporazumov STO (Šipec, 1998, str. 5). Zavest o pove čevanju obsega, npr. piratskih in ponarejenih produktov v svetovni trgovini in posledic, ki jih le-to povzro ča, se je razvila v skupna prizadevanja držav članic STO, da v okviru sporazuma TRIPS sprejmejo enotne standarde za varstvo in uveljavljanje pravic intelektualne lastnine. Sporazum TRIPS ureja standarde varstva avtorske in sorodnih pravic, znamk, geografskih ozna čb, industrijskih vzorcev in modelov, patentov, topografij integriranih vezij, neobjavljenih informacij ter nadzor nad proti konkuren čno prakso pri pogodbenih licencah. Z uresni čevanjem varstva intelektualnih pravic se med drugim vzpodbuja ustvarjalno delo, tehnološke inovacije in lojalno konkurenco, pozitivni vpliv odseva tudi na podro čju varstva potrošnika (Module 7: Intelectual property rights: TRIPS, 1998, str. 7). V mednarodno okolje, kjer obstajajo zahteve po dolo čenem standardu varstva avtorske pravice in sorodnih pravic, se od leta 1991 dalje vklju čujejo tudi samostojne države Slovenija, Hrvaška, Makedonija ter Bosna in Hercegovina. Podro čje varstva intelektualne lastnine je široko in raznovrstno. Zato bom v okviru ožje problematike magistrskega dela obravnavala le področje, ki ga
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