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The Secession of South Sudan: a Case Study in African Sovereignty and International Recognition
College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU Political Science Student Work Political Science 2012 The Secession of South Sudan: A Case Study in African Sovereignty and International Recognition Christian Knox College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/polsci_students Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Knox, Christian, "The Secession of South Sudan: A Case Study in African Sovereignty and International Recognition" (2012). Political Science Student Work. 1. https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/polsci_students/1 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Political Science Student Work by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Secession of South Sudan: A Case Study in African Sovereignty and International Recognition An Honors Thesis College of St. Benedict/St. John’s University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for All College Honors and Distinction in the Department of Political Science by Christian Knox May, 2012 Knox 2 ABSTRACT: This thesis focuses on the recent secession of South Sudan. The primary research questions include an examination of whether or not South Sudan’s 2011 secession signaled a break from the O.A.U.’s traditional doctrines of African stability and noninterference. Additionally, this thesis asks: why did the United States and the international community at large confer recognition to South Sudan immediately upon its independence? Theoretical models are used to examine the independent variables of African stability, ethnic secessionism, and geopolitics on the dependent variables of international recognition and the Comprehensive Peace Agreement. -
Mapping Progress on Women's Rights in Nepal
Mapping Progress on Women’s Rights in Nepal December 2014 List of Abbreviations APT - Association for the Prevention of Torture BBC - Beyond Beijing Committee CEDAW - Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CSO - Civil Society Organization ECED - Early Childhood Education and Development FWLD - Forum for Women Law and Development GBV - Gender Based Violence GBVIMS - Gender-Based Violence Information Management System GESI - Gender Equality and Social Inclusion GoN - Government of Nepal GRB - Gender Responsive Budgeting HRC - Human Rights Committee HRTMCC - Human Rights Treaty Monitoring Coordination Center ICESCR - International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ILO - International Labor Organization LGBTI - Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex LGCDP - Local Governance and Community Development Programme MDG - Millennium Development Goal MoFALD - Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development MoLJCAPA - Ministry of Law, Justice, Constituent Assembly and Parliamentary Affairs MoPH - Ministry of Population and Health MoPR - Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction MoWCSW - Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare NFEC - Non-Formal Education Center NGO - Non-Governmental Organization NHRC - National Human Rights Commission- Nepal NHSP-IP - Nepal Health Sector Plan - Implementation Plan NMS - National Minimum Standards NNBN - National Network for Beijing-review Nepal NWC - National Women Commission OPMCM - Office of Prime Minster and Council Minister SAARC - South Asian Association -
Sudan Crisis Appeal
Disasters Emergency Committee: Sudan Crisis Appeal ETC (UK) Ltd June 1999 CONTENTS PAGE Contents 2 List of Acronyms 5 Executive Summary 7 1.0 Background to the Evaluation 8 1.1 The Purpose of the Evaluation 8 1.2 DEC Agencies Participating in the Appeal 8 2.0 The DEC Approach to the Evaluation 8 2.1 Appointment of the Evaluation Team 8 2.2 Planning and Reporting System for DEC Participating Agencies 9 3.0 ETC UK Approach to the Evaluation 9 3.1 Team Members 10 3.2 Terms of Reference 10 3.3 Methodology 10 4.0 ETC UK Field Contacts 11 5.0 Emergence of the Crisis 12 5.1 Affected Population 13 5.2 Decision to Appeal 15 6.0 The DEC Sudan Crisis Appeal 16 7.0 Participating DEC Agencies’ Operations 17 7.1 Types of Activity 19 7.2 Evidence of the Delayed Rains in 1998 20 7.3 Expenditure by DEC Agencies 21 8.0 Evaluation Findings 22 8.1 Restrictions on Humanitarian Space 22 8.2 Transport and Logistical Problems 23 8.3 The Need to Strengthen OLS 23 8.4 Non OLS Interventions 25 8.5 Activities in South Sudan 25 8.6 Activities in Government of Sudan Controlled Sudan 25 8.7 Advocacy 26 8.8 Performance Standards 26 2 8.9 Nutrition 27 8.9.1 General Ration 27 8.9.2 Nutritional Surveys 27 8.9.3 Supplementary and Therapeutic Feeding 28 8.9.4 Redistribution within Communities 28 8.9.5 Other Provisions in Feeding Centres 29 8.10 Perceptions of the DEC 29 9.0 Efficiency 29 10.0 Effectiveness 30 11.0 Lessons Learnt 31 11.1 DEC Performance 31 11.2 Need for Collective DEC Responses 31 11.3 Diversity in Response 31 11.4 Supplementary and Therapeutic Feeding 31 -
Rebuilding Nepal: Women's Roles in Political Transition and Disaster
Rebuilding Nepal: Women’s Roles in Political Transition and Disaster Recovery BRIANA MAWBY AND ANNA APPLEBAUM Authors Briana Mawby (Hillary Rodham Clinton Research Fellow 2015–17, GIWPS) Anna Applebaum (Hillary Rodham Clinton Research Fellow 2015–17, GIWPS) Expert Advisers Ambassador Melanne Verveer (Executive Director, GIWPS) Roslyn Warren (Former Research Partnerships Manager, GIWPS) Acknowledgements The authors of this report are deeply grateful to the Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security and to the many individuals who helped make this report possible. The authors would like to express their profound gratitude to Preeti Thapa (Asia Foundation and mediator/dialogue facilitator) and Margaret Ar- nold (World Bank) for serving as external reviewers of this report. They served in an individual capacity and not on behalf of their respective organizations. The authors would like to thank the following individuals for their advice and support: Ambassador Alaina B. Teplitz, Jasmine-Kim Westendorf, Jeni Klugman, Roslyn Warren, Mayesha Alam, Chloé White, Holly Fuhrman, Sarah Rutherford, Rebecca Turkington, Luis Mancilla, Andrew Walker, Andrea Welsh, Haydn Welch, Katherine Butler-Dines, Alexander Rohlwing, Kayla Elson, Tala Anchassi, Elizabeth Dana, Abigail Nichols, and Meredith Forsyth. The authors would also like to express deep gratitude to Reeti K. C. and Claire Naylor for their contributions and support. The Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security Georgetown University’s Institute for Women, Peace and Security (GIWPS) seeks to promote a more stable, peaceful, and just world by focusing on the important role women play in preventing conflict and building peace, growing economies, and addressing global threats like climate change and violent extremism. -
Gender Profile (March 2016)
Nepal Gender Profile (March 2016) By Inter-Cluster Gender Working Group Demographic Profile1 1.35% 170 2.3 69.6 67.3 28.31m 0.94m/f Population Maternal Total Fertility Female Life Male Life Total Population Sex Ratio Growth Rate Mortality Rate Rate 2014. Expectancy Expectancy 2011 2016 2011. 2011 (per 100,000 live 2011 births) 2011 81.3% 9% 4.4% 3.1% 1.4% 0.7% 49.7 Hindu Buddhist Muslim Kirat Christian Prakriti, Bon, Contraceptive 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 Janinism, Bahai, Prevalence Rate Sikkhism 2014. 2011 2015 Earthquake Data On 25 April 2015, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck the Central and Western Regions of Nepal. The earthquake, which has been followed by a series of aftershocks, led to significant loss of life, injuries and damage of buildings and infrastructure. As of the final UN OCHA Humanitarian Bulletin in September 20152, the Government reported that 8,891 people have died (55% of which were women) and 14,355 people have been injured. The number of destroyed homes is reported to be 605,254 and damaged homes 288,255. According to UN Women estimates3, the 14 most affected districts4 (Bhaktapur, Dhading, Dolakha, Gorkha, NEPAL: Earthquake Kavrepalanchwok, Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Nuwakot, Ramechhap, Worst affected Rasuwa, Sindhupalchwok, Makawanpur, Sindhuli and districts CHINA Okhaldhunga) include approximately 2,710,239 women (50.5% EQ over 6M 4 of population) 327,000 female-headed households (26.5% of households), 40,000 women with disabilities, 163,000 women 11 over the age of 65 years (6% of female population), 764,000 2 girls aged 14 or under (28% of female population), and 795,000 9 13 6 3 women and girls who are illiterate (29% of female population). -
General Situation of Women in Nepal 2-1 General Situation
FINAL REPORT NEPAL: Country Gender Profile March 2007 Chandra Bhadra, Ph.D. Gender Consultant & Mani Thapa Shah Assistant Consultant The information presented here was gathered from on-site sources. Therefore, JICA is not responsible for its accuracy. Table of Contents NEPAL 1. Basic Profile 1-1 Socio-Economic Profile ......................................................................1 1-2 Status of Women................................................................................3 1-3 Health Profile .....................................................................................6 1-4 Education Profile................................................................................8 2. General Situation of Women in Nepal 2-1 General Situation ............................................................................10 2-2 Government Policy on Gender.........................................................23 2-3 National Machinery ..........................................................................27 3. Current Situation of Women by Sector 3-1 Education .........................................................................................31 3-2 Health...............................................................................................35 3-3 Agriculture and Forestry...................................................................40 3-4 Economic Activities ..........................................................................45 4. Ongoing Gender Projects..............................................................................51 -
How Women Influence Constitution Making After Conflict and Unrest
JANUARY 2018 RESEARCH REPORT AP Photo / Aimen Zine How Women Influence Constitution Making After Conflict and Unrest BY NANAKO TAMARU AND MARIE O’REILLY RESEARCH REPORT | JANUARY 2018 CONTENTS Executive Summary . 1 Introduction: The Global Context . 3 1 | How Do Women Get Access? . 9 2 | What Impact Do Women Have? . 19 3 | Case Study: Women InfluencingConstitution Reform in Tunisia . 30 4 | Challenges to Women’s Influence . 50 5 | Lessons for Action . 56 Annexes . 61 Acknowledgements . 66 PHOTO ON FRONT COVER | Members of the Tunisian National Constituent Assembly celebrate the adoption of the new constitution in Tunis, January 26, 2014 . How Women Influence Constitution Making t RESEARCH REPORT | JANUARY 2018 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Constitution reform is a frequent feature of peace Despite these hurdles, the cases show that women and transition processes: 75 countries undertook have exerted considerable influence on the decision- constitution reform in the wake of armed conflict, making process, the text of the constitution, and unrest, or negotiated transition from authoritarianism broader prospects for a successful transition to lasting to democracy between 1990 and 2015 . Often peace. Women repeatedly bridged divides in the complementing peace talks, constitutional negotiations negotiating process, contributing to peacebuilding and advance new political settlements, bringing diverse reconciliation in deeply divided societies, while also parties together to agree on how power will be advancing consensus on key issues. They broadened exercised in a country’s future. Increasingly, citizens societal participation and informed policymakers of and international actors alike advocate for participatory citizens’ diverse priorities for the constitution, helping constitution-making processes that include a broader to ensure greater traction for the emerging social cross-section of society—often to address the contract . -
The Tajik Women's Experiences of Their Husband's Migration
The Impacts of Migration: The Tajik Women’s Experiences of Their Husband’s Migration By Sayyokhat Dushanbieva Submitted to Central European University Department of Gender Studies In partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Arts in Gender Studies Supervisor: Professor Eva Fodor CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2014 Abstract Tajikistan is one of the highest migrant sending countries. The majority of migrants are men, whose families stay in Tajikistan. The absence of men in the patriarchal society affects the gender roles and leads to changes in social and familial organization, specifically the autonomy of women. The analysis is based on twelve in-depth interviews of women in the capital city, Dushanbe. The women varied in age, education, and the duration of their husband’s migration. The interviews reveal several problems with labeling women as ‘left behind,’ which does not describe the decision-making process or role of women in Dushanbe. Men’s labor migration causes an increase in women’s level of autonomy, whose new roles remain stable even after their husbands return home. The autonomy of women varies with age, financial stability and the length of the relationship; however, the length of migration can create emotional hardship. CEU eTD Collection i Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my dearest mother, Lalimo, whose eyes and words provided a constant source of motivation. My sister, Laylo, and the rest of my family, who supported and helped me to carry out the research during my travel to Dushanbe. I would also like to express my appreciation to my interviewees, whose time and contribution made a difference in the outcomes of this research. -
Gender Equality: Bridging the Gap the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Is Committed to Gender Equality
Gender Equality Bridging the Gap Why Invest in Gender Equality Gender Inequality has significant economic and social costs. Rapid economic growth in Asia and the Pacific has sharply reduced the number of people living in extreme poverty. Despite this, gender disparities still exist in girls’ school enrollment and completion rates, access to health and nutrition services, employment and income opportunities, and participation in decision making and political institutions. Some estimates suggest1 the region is losing more than $40 billion per year as a result of women’s limited access to employment opportunities and due to gender gaps in education. Gender Equality Matters The empowerment of women promises enormous gains. Gender equality needs to be pursued both for social and equity considerations and because it makes good economic sense. Underinvestments in women are missed opportunities to correct gender disparities and to capture and harness the economic and human capital potential of women—that is, 50% of the country's population. Investments in women and gender equality will deliver higher growth rates, faster poverty reduction, and better education and health outcomes for household members, especially children. More than 100 million people could be lifted out of poverty if women had the same access to productive resources as men. In countries, such as India, Indonesia, and Malaysia, the gross domestic product would increase by up to 2%–4% annually, if women’s employment rates were raised to 70%, from 30% at present. Temporary special measures, and social protection measures, are necessary to accelerate progress for women. This means giving women greater access to resources, goods, money, and employment opportunities. -
An Enabling ICT Policy Environment for Women Entrepreneurs in Nepal
An Enabling ICT Policy Environment for Women Entrepreneurs in Nepal An Enabling ICT Policy Environment for Women Entrepreneurs in Nepal Objectives of the Module The objective of the module is to inform policymakers and contribute to developing their actual gender-related policymaking skills or knowledge for women entrepreneurs. It is specifically designed for Nepal. Learning Outcomes: After completing this module, readers should be able to 1. Make appropriate decisions to integrate a gender perspective in entrepreneurship programmes 2. Design programmes and projects which address specific constraints to the inclusion of women and girls in entrepreneurial development 3. Make appropriate choices of ICTs for promoting digital financial inclusion and other support services for promoting entrepreneurship among women. 1 An Enabling ICT Policy Environment for Women Entrepreneurs in Nepal Table of Contents SECTION I ............................................................................................................................................. 7 I. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 8 II. SDGs, women’s empowerment, and women’s entrepreneurship ............................... 10 2.1 Understanding the Gender Divide in Nepal ....................................................................... 10 2.2 Sustainable Development Goals and Women’s Empowerment ................................ 11 2.3 To Sum Up ..................................................................................................................................... -
A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 View the Global Study At
A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council resolution 1325 View the Global Study at: http://wps.unwomen.org/en The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of UN Women, the United Nations or any of its affiliated organizations. For a list of any errors or omissions found subsequent to printing please visit our website. ISBN: 978-0-692-54940-7 Design: Blossom – Milan Printing: AGS Custom Graphics, an RR Donnelly Company ©2015 UN Women Manufactured in the United States All rights reserved A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council resolution 1325 4 FOREWORD Ban Ki-moon United Nations Secretary-General Fifteen years ago, Security Council resolution 1325 this priority with its emphasis on gender equality and reaffirmed the importance of the equal participation respect for the human rights of all. and full involvement of women in all efforts for maintaining and promoting peace and security. In the The Global Study on the implementation of resolution years since, it has buttressed this decision by adopting 1325 is an important part of the United Nations six further resolutions on women, peace and security. global agenda for change to better serve the world’s most vulnerable people. As noted by the High- I am personally committed to implementing these Level Independent Panel on United Nations Peace resolutions. I have highlighted women’s leadership Operations and the Advisory Group of Experts for the in peacebuilding as a priority and appointed an 2015 Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding unprecedented number of women leaders in the Architecture, changes in conflict may be outpacing the United Nations. -
Indigenous Women Workers No
Working Paper 1 / 2012 The Programme to Promote ILO Convention No. 169 (PRO 169) aims at promoting the rights and improving the socio-economic situation of indigenous and tribal peoples, in compliance with the principles of ILO Convention Indigenous women workers No. 169. PRO 169 works on a wide range of thematic as well as regional and country-specifi c issues. It combines a fl exible demand-driven approach, responding to emerging needs and opportunities at international, regional and With case studies from national levels with longer-term strategic initiatives at regional and country- level. Bangladesh, Nepal and The programme has developed a number of initiatives, addressing the information, training and capacity-building needs of several and very different the Americas target groups ranging from national governments and social partners to indigenous peoples. The strategy takes into account the different levels of intervention (community, local, and national, regional, international) as well as the diversity of target groups, which necessitates a diversity of entry points, modalities, tools and languages. Ms. Diana Vinding and Ms. Ellen-Rose Kampbel The Programme to Promote ILO Convention No. 169 International Labour Offi ce Bureau for 4, Route des Morillons Gender 1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 799 7645 Equality Fax +41 22 799 6344 [email protected] ILO’s International Labour Standards Department (PRO 169) www.ilo.org/indigenous WORKING PAPER INDIGENOUS WOMEN WORKERS With case studies from Bangladesh, Nepal and the Americas ILO’s International Labour Standards Department (PRO 169) ILO Bureau for Gender Equality Ms. Diana Vinding and Ms. Ellen-Rose Kampbel ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data Vinding, Diana; Kampbel, Ellen Rose Indigenous women workers: with case studies from Bangladesh, Nepal and the Americas/ Diana Vinding and Ellen-Rose Kampbel ; International Labour Office, ILO's International Labour Standards Department (PRO 169), ILO Bureau for Gender Equality.