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Descobrindo O Paraíso Aspectos Biológicos Da Reserva Particular Do foto: Camila Aoki Camila foto: ODO NA TA 192 Descobrindo o Paraíso Aspectos Biológicos da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Engenheiro Eliezer Batista 193 região da Serra do Amolar são conhecidos como papa-mosquito. Esses Odonata insetos vivem em uma grande variedade de habitats, são facilmente Diversidade de Odonata da Reserva Particular do registrados e susceptíveis às mudanças do meio ambiente induzidas Patrimônio Natural Engenheiro Eliezer Batista por atividades humanas (Lambeck, 1997). Sua abundância e riqueza são influenciadas tanto pela qualidade de recursos disponíveis como pelo 1 2 3 Mara Cristina Teixeira-Gamarra , Camila Aoki , Silvia Leitão Dutra , tipo de habitats e disponibilidade de presas (Huryn & Wallace, 2000; Nelson Silva Pinto4 & Paulo De Marco Jr.5 Benke et al., 2001) quanto pelas características de sua estrutura corporal 1 Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. e-mail: [email protected] e comportamento. 2 Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal Estima-se que a diversidade total de Odonata seja cerca de 6.000 de Mato Grosso do Sul. e-mail: [email protected] 3 Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, espécies para o mundo todo (Kalkman et al., 2008). A ordem é dividida Universidade Federal de Goiás. e-mail: [email protected] em três subordens: Anisozygoptera, com distribuição restrita ao Oriente; 4 Graduando em Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Ecologia Teórica e Síntese da Universidade Federal de Goiás. e-mail: [email protected] Anisoptera e Zygoptera, com distribuição Neotropical (Souza et al., 2007). 5 Laboratório de Ecologia Teórica e Síntese, Departamento de Ecologia, Aproximadamente 48% do total das espécies da Região Neotropical, cerca Universidade Federal de Goiás. e-mail: [email protected] de 800 espécies, são registradas no Brasil (Souza et al., 2007). Para o Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, a fauna conhecida de Odonata Resumo é cerca de 150 espécies (Longfield, 1929; Heckman, 2006; Souza & Costa, 2006; Pessacq & Costa, 2007). Costa et al. (1998) registraram 39 espécies Os representantes da ordem Odonata são insetos hemimetábolos de Odonata para região do Pantanal Sul-Mato-Grossense, havendo ainda com adultos terrestres e larvas aquáticas, popularmente conhecidos um levantamento com 163 morfoespécies em área de Cerrado na região como libélula, lava-bunda, cavalo-de-judeu, zig-zag e jacinta, entre do Aporé Sucuriú (Souza & Costa, 2006). outros. Na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Engenheiro Eliezer A maior parte das informações disponíveis sobre o grupo refere- Batista (RPPN EBB), através da metodologia de busca ativa com rede se ao Pantanal, embora haja grandes lacunas de conhecimento tanto entomológica, foram coletados 224 indivíduos de Odonata, distribuídos nesta região quanto para o restante do Estado. Para a região da Serra em três famílias, 15 gêneros e 24 espécies. A família Libellulidae do Amolar, onde situa-se a Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural apresentou maior riqueza e abundância entre as famílias registradas na Engenheiro Eliezer Batista (RPPN EEB), a Odonatofauna era até o área de estudo. O gênero mais representativo foi Erythrodiplax, com cinco momento totalmente desconhecida, sendo este o primeiro levantamento espécies registradas. O gênero Triacanthagyna e a espécie Micrathyria sistematizado na região. romani ainda não tinham sido registrados para Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Este trabalho figura como a primeira listagem de Odonata para a Metodologia região da Serra do Amolar. Locais de Coleta Introdução A RPPN EEB está localizada no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, a Os representantes da ordem Odonata são insetos hemimetábolos noroeste do município de Corumbá (S 18°05’25” e O 57°28’27”), entre o predadores, tanto na fase adulta terrestre alada como na fase de larva Rio Paraguai e a Baía Mandioré. O limite oeste da RPPN EEB faz fronteira aquática. Popularmente são conhecidos como libélula, lava-bunda, com a Bolívia. cavalo-de-judeu, zig-zag e jacinta, entre outros (Souza et al., 2007); na As coletas foram realizadas entre os dias 27 de julho e 02 de agosto 194 Descobrindo o Paraíso Aspectos Biológicos da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Engenheiro Eliezer Batista 195 de 2010 (estação seca) e entre os dias 27 de março e 05 de abril de 2011 Análise de dados (estação chuvosa), na estrada Mandioré (S 18°05’42” e O 57°28’53”), Para calcular a diversidade dos pontos amostrais foram utilizados nas trilhas Amolar (S 18°05’33” e O 57°28’36”) e Morrinhos (S 18°06’20” os índices de diversidade de Shannon (H’, logaritmo base natural) e o e O 57°29’30”), na sede da RPPN EEB (S 18°05’25” e O 57°28’27”) e na estimador não-paramétrico Chao 1 para estimar a riqueza de espécies. Para margem do Rio Paraguai, dentro dos limites da RPPN EEB (S 18°05’06” e determinação do esforço amostral, utilizamos curvas de acumulação de O 57°28’38”). espécies pela aleatorização (com 1000 iterações) de diferentes tamanhos Dados da 2a Expedição para o Plano de Manejo da RPPN EEB, de amostras (número de indivíduos) usando o programa EcoSim 7 realizada entre 19 e 24 de maio de 2007, foram incluídos à listagem e (Gotelli & Entsminger, 2001). aparecem destacados na Tabela 1. Resultados Métodos de coleta Foram coletados 224 indivíduos, distribuídos em três famílias, 15 gêneros e 24 espécies (Tabela 1), sendo 21 espécies pertencentes à Os indivíduos adultos de Odonata foram coletados com o auxílio de subordem Anisoptera (famílias Aeshnidae e Libellulidae) e apenas três rede entomológica (puçá) (Figura 1), sendo realizadas sete horas diárias pertencentes à subordem Zygoptera (família Coenagrionidae). (7h – 11h e 14h – 17h) de busca ativa e coleta ao longo das trilhas. O material Tabela 1. Espécies de Odonata registradas na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural En- coletado foi tratado com acetona PA por 24 horas para manutenção das genheiro Eliezer Batista, Corumbá/MS. cores, acondicionado em envelopes entomológicos e conservado em recipientes contendo naftalina. Figura 1. Busca ativa com auxílio de rede entomológica (puçá). Fotos: Bolivar Porto. Identificação do material coletado A identificação foi realizada com o auxílio de estereomicroscópio, chaves taxonômicas (Lencioni, 2005; Lencioni, 2006; Garrison et al., 2006; Heckman, 2006) e comparação com materiais previamente identificados por especialistas. Os indivíduos coletados foram depositados na Coleção Biológica Didática da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Engenheiro Eliezer Batista (RPPN EEB) e na Coleção do Laboratório de Ecologia Teórica e Síntese da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Legenda: (S) Seca, (C) Chuvosa, (Am) Trilha Amolar, (Ma) Estrada Mandioré, (Mo) Trilha Morrinhos, (Ri) Margem do Rio Paraguai, (Se) Sede da RPPN EEB. *Espécies registradas na 2a Expedição para o Plano de Manejo da RPPN EEB / maio de 2007. 196 Descobrindo o Paraíso Aspectos Biológicos da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Engenheiro Eliezer Batista 197 O esforço amostral representado pela curva de acumulação de espécies indicou que a riqueza de Odonata está subamostrada, uma vez que a curva permaneceu abaixo da assíntota (Figura 2). A riqueza estimada foi de 36 espécies; desta forma, teriam sido amostradas cerca de 67% das espécies ocorrentes na área de estudo. Figura 3. Homeoura nepos. Foto: Camila Aoki. A família Libellulidae contribuiu com o maior número de espécies (19) e também apresentou as espécies mais abundantes na área de estudo (Tabela 1): Miathyria marcella (42 indivíduos, Figura 4), Erythrodiplax umbrata (24, Figura 5), Erythemis plebeja (21, Figura 6), Erythodiplax paraguayensis (20, Figura 7), Micrathyria romani (19), Erythemis Figura 2. Curva de rarefação de espécies de Odonata na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural vesiculosa (19, Figura 8) e E peruviana (16, Figura 9). Apesar das elevadas Engenheiro Eliezer Batista, Corumbá/MS. As barras indicam o intervalo de confiança de 95%. abundâncias, nenhuma espécie foi registrada em todos os pontos amostrados. O gênero mais representativo foi Erythrodiplax, com cinco espécies registradas. Quatorze espécies foram registradas na estação seca, 22 espécies na estação chuvosa e 12 espécies foram comuns às duas estações: Coryphaeschna adnexa, Homeoura nepos (Figura 3), Erythemis attala, E. peruviana, E. plebeja, E. vesiculosa, Erythrodiplax cf. latimaculata, Er. longitudinalis, Er. paraguayensis, Er. umbrata, Miathyria marcella e Micrathyria romani. Apenas duas espécies foram registradas somente na estação seca: Ischnura fluviatilis e Er. fusca. Dez espécies foram registradas somente na estação chuvosa: Triacanthagyna sp., Helveciagrion sp., Brachymesia herbida, Diastatops intensa, Micrathyria spuria, Orthemis Figura 4. Miathyria marcella. Figura 5. Erythrodiplax umbrata. discolor, Planiplax sp., Tramea calverti, T. cophysa e Tholymis citrina. Foto: Bolivar Porto. Foto: Daniel de Granville. 198 Descobrindo o Paraíso Aspectos Biológicos da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Engenheiro Eliezer Batista 199 Tabela 2. Riqueza específica por ponto de coleta e número de espécies exclusivas. Figura 6. Erythemis plebeja. Figura 7. Erythrodiplax paraguayensis. Discussão Foto: Camila Aoki. Foto: Bolivar Porto. No Brasil, ocorrem 14 famílias de Odonata, sendo dez de Zygoptera (Amphipterygidae, Calopterygidae, Coenagrionidae, Dicteriadidae, Lestidae, Megapodagrionidae, Perilestidae, Protoneuridae, Polythoridae e Pseudostigmatidae). Na RPPN EEB, apenas a família Coenagrionidae foi
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