DOCSLIB.ORG

Yersinia Pestis in Small Rodents, Mongolia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Yersinia Pestis in Small Rodents, Mongolia LETTERS pathogens intrusion. Blackleg (1970, Author affi liations: Centre for Scientifi c 8. Andriamandimby SF, Randrianarivo- 1995) and the contagious ecthyma Research and Intelligence on Emerging Solofoniaina AE, Jeanmaire EM, Ra- vololomanana L, Razafi manantsoa LT, Infectious Diseases in the Indian Ocean, (1999) were probably introduced Rakotojoelinandrasana T, et al. Rift Val- into the country by live ruminants Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion Island, France ley fever during rainy seasons, Madagas- imported from Madagascar (9). Since (M. Roger, E. Cardinale); French Agricultural car, 2008 and 2009. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002, importation of live animals Research Center for International 2010;16:963–70. 9. Timmermans E, Ruppol P, Saido A, On- Development (CIRAD), Montpellier, France from Tanzania has been common, clin M. Infl uence du marché international increasing the risk of introducing (M. Roger, S. Girard, C. Cetre-Sossah, E. et des stratégies d’approvisionnement en continental pathogens or vectors Cardinale); CIRAD, Mamoudzou, Mayotte viande sur les risques d’importation de as illustrated with outbreaks of (S. Girard); Vice-President, Ministry of maladies. Le cas de l’ecthyma en Répub- lique Fédérale Islamique des Comores. Agriculture, Fisheries, Environment, East Coast fever in 2003 and 2004 2000 [cited 2010 Dec 1]. http://www.vsf- in Grande Comore (10). RVFV Industry, Energy and Handicraft, Moroni, belgium.org/docs/ecthyma_contagieux. circulation presented in this study Republic of Comoros (A. Faharoudine, M. pdf is another example of the exposure Halifa); and Institut Pasteur, Paris, France 10. De Deken R, Martin V, Saido A, Mad- der M, Brandt J, Geysen D. An outbreak (M. Bouloy) of the Republic of Comoros to of East Coast fever on the Comoros: a emerging pathogens and potentially DOI: 10.3201/eid1707.102031 consequence of the import of immun- bears major consequences for the ised cattle from Tanzania? Vet Parasitol. local economy and for public health. 2007;143:245–53. doi:10.1016/j.vetpar. References 2006.08.018 The improvement of the Comorian veterinary services and the setting up 1. Turell MJ, Linthicum KJ, Patrican LA, Address for correspondence: Matthieu Roger, Davies FG, Kairo A, Bailey CL. Vec- of surveillance programs are essential CRVOI–CIRAD UMR 15, CYROI Technopole to limit the risk of introducing tor competence of selected African mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) species 2 Rue Maxime Rivière Sainte Clotilde 97490, devastating diseases in the area. for Rift Valley fever virus. J Med Ento- La Réunion, France; email: matthieu.roger@ mol. 2008;45:102–8. doi:10.1603/0022- cirad.fr Acknowledgments 2585(2008)45[102:VCOSAM]2.0.CO;2 2. Swanepoel R, Coetzer JAW. Rift Valley We thank the vice president in fever. In: Coetzer JAW, Thomson GR, charge of the Ministry of Agriculture, Tustin RC, editors. Infectious diseases of Fisheries, Environment, Industry, Energy, livestock. Oxford (UK): Oxford Univer- and Handicraft for providing logistical sity Press; 2004. p. 1037–70. 3. Paweska JT, Mortimer E, Leman PA, assistance and laboratory facilities and all Swanepoel R. An inhibition enzyme- herders and their representatives from the linked immunosorbent assay for the de- Comorian Farmers National Federation for tection of antibody to Rift Valley fever Yersinia pestis in their collaboration. We are also grateful to virus in humans, domestic and wild rumi- nants. J Virol Methods. 2005;127:10–8. Small Rodents, the Departmental Veterinary Laboratory doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.02.008 Mongolia at Mamoudzou, Mayotte, particularly 4. World Organisation for Animal Health. Stéphanie Maeder and Abdou Achirafi for Rift Valley fever. In: OIE manual of di- To the Editor: Plague is known performing ELISA. agnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals, vol. 1. 5th ed. Paris: Offi ce Inter- to be endemic in several areas of This work was supported with Fonds national des Epizooties; 2004. p. 185–94 Mongolia, but transmission to humans 5. Digoutte JP, Calvo-Wilson MA, Mondo Européens de Développement Régional seems to play only a minor role M, Traoré-Laminzana M, Adam F. Con- because the number of recognized funds from the European Union within tinuous cell lines and immune ascitic fl u- the Project “Programme de Coopération ids pools in arbovirus detection. Res Virol. cases is relatively low (Figure) (1). Scientifi que sur les Maladies Animales 1992;143:417–22. doi:10.1016/S0923- The fi rst human cases in Mongolia 2516(06)80135-4 Emergentes dans l’Océan Indien.” were reported to the World Health 6. Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever in Kenya, Organization in 1980, and <20 human Somalia and United Republic of Tanzania, cases have occurred each year since Matthieu Roger, December 2006–April 2007. Wkly Epide- miol Rec. 2007;82:169–78. then (2). However, human plague Sébastien Girard, 7. Sissoko D, Giry C, Gabrie P, Tarantola was fi rst reported in 1897 (3), such Abdourahime Faharoudine, A, Pettinelli F, Collet L, et al. Rift Val- infections have been documented ley fever, Mayotte, 2007–2008. Emerg Mohamed Halifa, since the 1940s, and Yersinia pestis Michèle Bouloy, Infect Dis. 2009;15:568–70. doi:10.3201/ eid1504.081045 can be found in many provinces of Catherine Cetre-Sossah, Mongolia (Figure; T. Damindorj, pers. and Eric Cardinale comm.) (3,4). The most common source of 1320 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 17, No. 7, July 2011 LETTERS human plague in Mongolia is contact of laboratory rodents tested negative. of the Yunnan–Guangdong–Fujian with and consumption of the marmot Identifi cation of several host species provinces in the People’s Republic of (Marmota sibirica) (1). Moreover, was supported by partial sequencing China (8). the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) of the cytochrome b gene (7). The Detection of Y. pestis–specifi c and the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones animals tested positive for plague DNA in wild rodents has been unguiculatus) are suspected of were gerbils (Meriones sp., 1; M. described. For instance, a wild rodent being enzootic reservoirs. Although unguiculatus, 2; Rhombomys opimus, community in the eastern Sierra small rodents are also assumed to be 2) and jerboas (Allactaga sibirica, 1; Nevada mountains in the United reservoirs of Y. pestis, the interaction Cardiocranius paradoxus, 1). States was screened for plague by pla- of individual mammals or fl eas of The identity of the 230-bp pla specifi c real-time PCR; of 89 rodents, particular species in the infectious PCR fragment was confi rmed by DNA 1 chipmunk (1.1%) had positive cycle and the dynamics of an epizootic sequencing, showing 100% similarity results (9). are not yet clear (5). In a retrospective to the pla gene sequences deposited The permanent presence of Y. study, we screened tissue samples in the European Molecular Biology pestis in rodent communities in North from small rodents for Y. pestis DNA Laboratory nucleotide database. America has led to smaller and more to investigate the prevalence of Y. Molecular subtyping of the 7 pla- distant-living colonies of prairie dogs pestis in a potential enzootic reservoir. positive DNA samples was attempted (10). Strikingly, in the present study, During the course of zoologic by clustered regularly interspaced >5% of the screened rodents were investigations in Mongolia during short palindromic repeats analysis, found to carry Y. pestis DNA. This 2002, 2005, and 2006, 133 rodents targeting the 3 loci YPa, YPb, and YPc, high number was unexpected for the (gerbils, jerboas, and squirrels) were respectively. Also included was DNA investigated areas, which have had a trapped by standard methods (5), originating from the above-mentioned low level of plague activity (Figure). dissected, and cataloged (Figure). negative control tissues. However, To our knowledge, Y. pestis has also Documentation included species, only 1 sample from the spleen of a not yet been reported in Manlai Sum sex, date and location of trapping, M. unguiculatus gerbil found the YPb (district) in the Umnugovi Aimag animal size (weight, length) and organ locus, which then was sequenced, and (subdivision) (Figure) (2–4) nor has dimensions, as well as all pathologic resulted in the spacer signature b1-b2- the presence of Y. pestis DNA in a fi ndings. Although the trapped animals b3-b4-b5′. This signature is known Cardiocranius paradoxus jerboa. showed a high degree of parasitic from a Y. pestis biovar, Orientalis, Our fi ndings emphasize that infestation, signs of a severe infectious that has been isolated from Rattus rodents play a role as zoonotic disease were not observed. After the fl avipectus rats in the plague focus reservoirs of Y. pestis in Mongolia and dissection of animals, samples were conserved in 70% ethanol. Subsequently, total DNA was extracted from alcohol-conserved spleen and liver tissue of 133 animals by using QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Hamburg, Germany), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Screening was performed by using a real-time PCR targeting the pla gene of Y. pestis pPCP1, including a PCR inhibition control, as described (6). As positive control, the Y. pestis vaccine strain EV76 was used. As negative controls, we included tissues Figure. Yersina pestis in rodents in Mongolia. Shaded areas show the known distribution of of 53 laboratory rodents, which were enzootic plague in Mongolia during 1948–1999 (V. Batsaikhan, J. Myagmar, G. Bolormaa, processed analogs, beginning with National Center for Infectious Diseases with Natural Foci, Ulanbaatar, Mongolia; pers. DNA extraction. comm.). The following 133 rodents were investigated: gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus, In the real-time PCR targeting the 61; M. meridianus, 25; Rhombomys opimus, 17); jerboas (Allactaga sibirica, 6; Stylodipus pla gene, 7 (5.3%) of 133 spleen tissue telum, 1; Dipus sagitta, 4; Cardiocranius paradoxus, 1), and squirrels (Spermophilus alaschanicus, 1; Citellus dauricus, 1). Plague-positive trapping loci were the following: samples were positive for Y. pestis. In 1, Tuv Aimag, Bayanunjuul Sum; 2–4, Umnugovi Aimag (2, Nomgon Sum; 3, Bayandalai contrast, all liver samples and samples Sum; 4, Manlai Sum).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 161 the American Museum Op NATURAL Historay March 31, 1925 New York City
    AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 161 THE AMERIcAN MusEuM oP NATURAL HISToRaY March 31, 1925 New York City 59.9,32(51.7) JERBOAS FROM MONGOLIA' BY GLOVER M. ALLEN A very beautiful series of jerboas from several localities in the Gobi Desert was secured by the Asiatic Expeditions of The American Museum of Natural History under the leadership of Mr. Roy Chapman Andrews. Although the species represented are few, they are of unusual interest, for they include a very interesting new Allactaga, the five-toed jerboa, and a striking new genus related to Dipus, the three-toed jerboa. The series of Allactaga mongolica may be considered as typical and shows, on comparison with specimens of the species from Chili, China, that the latter is subspecifically distinct and may bear the name annulata given many years ago by Milne-Edwards, but latterly placed in synonymy. Allactaga mongolica (Radde) Dipus jaculus mongolica RADDE, 1862, 'Reisen im Suden von Ost-Sibirien,' I, p. 170, P1. viii, figs. 3a-3b. A five-toed, long-eared jerboa, buffy gray above, clear white below; the tail-tip with a flattened tuft, white at its base, black in its middle three-fourths, and white terminally. This characteristic desert species was found in abundance by the Expeditions of 1922 and 1923, and a fine series was secured at localities in the central Gobi, namely, Turin, Artsa Bogdo, Tsagan Nor, Hurum Tui, Gun Burte, Sain Noin Khan, Ussuk, Loh, near Tze-Tsen Wang, twenty miles southwest of Urga, and on the Tola River, eighty miles west of that city, as well as in the vicinity of Erhlien, Sair Usu, and east as far as Iren Dabasu.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Taxa for Which MIL Has Images
    LIST OF 27 ORDERS, 163 FAMILIES, 887 GENERA, AND 2064 SPECIES IN MAMMAL IMAGES LIBRARY 31 JULY 2021 AFROSORICIDA (9 genera, 12 species) CHRYSOCHLORIDAE - golden moles 1. Amblysomus hottentotus - Hottentot Golden Mole 2. Chrysospalax villosus - Rough-haired Golden Mole 3. Eremitalpa granti - Grant’s Golden Mole TENRECIDAE - tenrecs 1. Echinops telfairi - Lesser Hedgehog Tenrec 2. Hemicentetes semispinosus - Lowland Streaked Tenrec 3. Microgale cf. longicaudata - Lesser Long-tailed Shrew Tenrec 4. Microgale cowani - Cowan’s Shrew Tenrec 5. Microgale mergulus - Web-footed Tenrec 6. Nesogale cf. talazaci - Talazac’s Shrew Tenrec 7. Nesogale dobsoni - Dobson’s Shrew Tenrec 8. Setifer setosus - Greater Hedgehog Tenrec 9. Tenrec ecaudatus - Tailless Tenrec ARTIODACTYLA (127 genera, 308 species) ANTILOCAPRIDAE - pronghorns Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn BALAENIDAE - bowheads and right whales 1. Balaena mysticetus – Bowhead Whale 2. Eubalaena australis - Southern Right Whale 3. Eubalaena glacialis – North Atlantic Right Whale 4. Eubalaena japonica - North Pacific Right Whale BALAENOPTERIDAE -rorqual whales 1. Balaenoptera acutorostrata – Common Minke Whale 2. Balaenoptera borealis - Sei Whale 3. Balaenoptera brydei – Bryde’s Whale 4. Balaenoptera musculus - Blue Whale 5. Balaenoptera physalus - Fin Whale 6. Balaenoptera ricei - Rice’s Whale 7. Eschrichtius robustus - Gray Whale 8. Megaptera novaeangliae - Humpback Whale BOVIDAE (54 genera) - cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes 1. Addax nasomaculatus - Addax 2. Aepyceros melampus - Common Impala 3. Aepyceros petersi - Black-faced Impala 4. Alcelaphus caama - Red Hartebeest 5. Alcelaphus cokii - Kongoni (Coke’s Hartebeest) 6. Alcelaphus lelwel - Lelwel Hartebeest 7. Alcelaphus swaynei - Swayne’s Hartebeest 8. Ammelaphus australis - Southern Lesser Kudu 9. Ammelaphus imberbis - Northern Lesser Kudu 10. Ammodorcas clarkei - Dibatag 11. Ammotragus lervia - Aoudad (Barbary Sheep) 12.
    [Show full text]
  • Mammals List EN Alphabetical Aktuell
    ETC® Species List Mammals © ETC® Organization Category Scientific Name English Name alphabetical M3 Addax nasomaculatus Addax M1 Ochotona rufescens Afghan Pika M1 Arvicanthis niloticus African Arvicanthis M1 Crocidura olivieri African Giant Shrew M3 Equus africanus African Wild Ass M1 Chiroptera (Order) all Bats and Flying Foxes M3 Rupicapra rupicapra (also R. pyrenaica) Alpine Chamois (also Pyrenean Chamois) M3 Capra ibex Alpine Ibex M2 Marmota marmota Alpine Marmot M1 Sorex alpinus Alpine Shrew M3 Ursus americanus American Black Bear M1 Neovison vison American Mink M3 Castor canadensis American/Canadian Beaver M2 Alopex lagopus Arctic Fox M3 Ovis ammon Argali M1 Sicista armenica Armenian Birch Mouse M1 Spermophilus xanthoprymnus Asia Minor Ground Squirrel M2 Meles leucurus Asian Badger M1 Suncus murinus Asian House Shrew M3 Equus hemionus Asiatic Wild Ass/Onager M3 Bos primigenius Aurochs M3 Axis axis Axis Deer M1 Spalax graecus Balkan Blind Mole Rat M1 Dinaromys bogdanovi Balkan Snow Vole M1 Myodes glareolus Bank Vole M1 Atlantoxerus getulus Barbary Ground Squirrel M1 Lemniscomys barbarus Barbary Lemniscomys M2 Macaca sylvanus Barbary Macaque, female M3 Macaca sylvanus Barbary Macaque, male M3 Ammotragus lervia Barbary Sheep M1 Barbastella barbastellus Barbastelle M1 Microtus bavaricus Bavarian Pine Vole M3 Erignathus barbatus Bearded Seal M1 Martes foina Beech Marten M1 Crocidura leucodon Bicolored White-toothed Shrew M1 Vulpes cana Blanford's Fox M2 Marmota bobak Bobak Marmot M2 Lynx rufus Bobcat M1 Mesocricetus brandtii Brandt's
    [Show full text]
  • New Data on Plio-Pleistocene Dipodine Jerboas O F the Genus Plioscirtopoda from Eastern Europe (Mammalia: Dipodidae)
    © Zoological Institute, St.Petersburg, 2001 New data on Plio-Pleistocene dipodine jerboas o f the genus Plioscirtopoda from Eastern Europe (Mammalia: Dipodidae) A.S. Tesakov Tesakov, A.S. 2001. New data on Plio-Pleistocene dipodine jerboas of the genus Plioscir­ topoda from Eastern Europe (Mammalia: Dipodidae). Zoosystematica Rossica, 9(1), 2000: 237-244. Remains of dipodine jerboas, Plioscirtopoda, are described from the late Pliocene deposits of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov region. Dental morphology of the type species, P. stepanovi, is refined. A more primitive species, P. novorossica sp. n., is described from the Late Kujalnik deposits of Kryzhanovka 3. The new species differs from P. stepanovi in the simpler shape of anterior part of ml, larger dimensions and higher numbers of molar roots A.S. Tesakov, Geological Institute, Russian Academy o f Sciences, Pyzhevsky per 7, Moscow 109017, Russia, e-mail: [email protected] Introduction beria (Zazhigin, 1980) and Eastern Siberia (Pre-Baicalian region: Adamenko, 1975, Plio-Pleistocene dipodine (tridactyl) jerboas 1977), and from even older, Late Pliocene were first recorded from Eastern Europe by Khapry faunas (MN17) of Eastern Europe Gromov & Schevtchenko (1961). The new ge­ (Topachevsky et al., 1979; Skorik, 1983; nus and new species Plioscirtopoda stepanovi Topachevsky & Nesin, 1989), Southern Tran- was described from the Early Pleistocene Allo- surals (Ivakina et al., 1996), and Western Sibe­ phaiomys fauna of the upper bed of ria (Zazhigin, 1980). In late 80’s and early 90’s Kryzhanovka site near Odessa, the Ukraine. a large amount of small mammal remains was Several molars were collected at that time.
    [Show full text]
  • The Socio-Ecology of Two Species of Australian Native Rodent—Notomys
    The socio-ecology of two species of Australian native rodent— Notomys mitchelli and Notomys alexis Clare Bradley PhD candidate Environmental Biology School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Adelaide November 2008 References References Abramsky Z., Rosenweig M. L. & Subach A. (1998) Do gerbils care more about competition or predation? Oikos 83: 75-84. Abramsky Z., Rosenzweig M. L., Belmaker J. & Bar A. (2004) The impact of long-term continuous risk of predation on two species of gerbils. Canadian Journal of Zoology 82: 464-474. Abramsky Z., Rosenzweig M. L. & Subacha A. (2001) The cost of interspecific competition in two gerbil species. Journal of Animal Ecology 70: 561–567. Abramsky Z., Rosenzweig M. L. & Subacha A. (2002) Measuring the benefit of habitat selection. Behavioral Ecology 13: 497-502. Abramsky Z., Strauss E., Subach A., Kotler B. P. & Riechman A. (1996) The effect of barn owls (Tyto alba) on the activity and microhabitat selection of Gerbillus allenbyi and G. pyramidum. Oecologia 105: 313-319. Adams M., Macfarlane C. & Bencini R. (2003) Climate. In: Ecology: an Australian perspective (eds. P. Attiwill & B. Wilson) pp. 36-53. Oxford University Press, Victoria. Agrell J., Wolff J. O. & Ylonen H. (1998) Counter-strategies to infanticide in mammals: costs and consequences. Oikos 83: 507-517. Alexander R. D. (1974) The evolution of social behavior. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 5: 325-383. Allaine D. (2000) Sociality, mating system and reproductive skew in marmots: evidence and hypotheses. Behavioural Processes 51: 21-34. Allan R. (2003) El Niño. In: Ecology: an Australian perspective (eds. P. Attiwill & B.
    [Show full text]
  • Untersuchungen Zur Systematik Der Hamster (Cricetinae) Sowie Zur Genetischen Populationsstruktur Und Phylogeografie Des Feldha
    Untersuchungen zur Systematik der Hamster (Cricetinae) sowie zur genetischen Populationsstruktur und Phylogeografie des Feldhamsters Cricetus cricetus (Linneaus, 1758) und des Goldhamsters Mesocricetus auratus (Waterhouse, 1839) Habilitationsschrift zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Dr. rer. nat. habil. vorgelegt der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlich-Technischen Fakultät der Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg von Herrn Karsten Neumann Ph.D. geb. am 01.01.1966 in Halle (Saale) Gutachter: 1. Prof. Dr. Rolf Gattermann Halle (Saale) 2. Prof. Dr. Günther Hartl Kiel 3. Prof. Dr. Martin Röser Halle (Saale) Verteidigungsdatum: 17.11.2006, Beschlußdatum: 20.06.2007 urn:nbn:de:gbv:3-000011991 [http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=nbn%3Ade%3Agbv%3A3-000011991] Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Einleitung ......................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Schwerpunkte der Habilitationsschrift .............................................................. 3 1.2. Zur Biologie der Unterfamilie der Hamster (Cricetinae, Rodentia, Mammalia). 4 2. Phylogenie und Systematik der Cricetinae....................................................... 6 2.1.1. Molecular phylogeny of the Cricetinae subfamily based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b and 12S rRNA genes and the nuclear vWF gene............................................................................................................... 10 3. Genetische Diversität, Populationsstruktur und Phylogeografie des Feldhamsters (Cricetus cricetus)
    [Show full text]
  • Keeping and Breeding Jerboas at Moscow Zoo by G
    International Zoo News No. 256, Vol. 41/7 October/November 1994 KEEPING AND BREEDING JERBOAS AT MOSCOW ZOO BY G. VAKHRUSHEVA, I. VOLODIN, O. ILCHENKO, AND E. PAVLOVA Introduction. Jerboas are interesting and exotic rodents, inhabiting steppes, semi- deserts and deserts. However, current zoo collections are unable to even approximately represent this unique group. There are a lot of difficulties in the captive maintenance of jerboas. First, little is known about their breeding, particularly that of jerboas from Central Asia and Kazakhstan. The International Zoo Yearbook does report some success in breeding individuals from the Jaculus genus; but these species, unlike most, do not hibernate in the winter. While other jerboas tolerate the absence of hibernation in captivity (Bekenov and Ismagilov, 1977; Fokin, 1978), no one has been able to breed them in such conditions. Where births have occurred in captivity, this has taken place with wild females who were pregnant when captured (Fokin, 1978). We suggest that the absence of normal hibernation appears to be one of the reasons for jerboa infertility in captivity. Methods of hibernating jerboas in captivity have not yet been developed. When we attempted to keep and breed jerboas in Moscow Zoo it was necessary to develop methods of hibernation maintenance. To prepare jerboas for breeding, we created a whole complex of different conditions which appeared to mimic nature. This attempt led to successful breeding in a single case. Materials and methods In this paper we report on our regimes for feeding, maintaining and breeding for nine species of jerboa from Central Asia and Kazakhstan, including the induction of hibernation (Table 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Wildlife Issues and Development Prospects in West and Central Asia
    FOWECA/TP/9 Forestry Outlook Study for West and Central Asia (FOWECA) Thematic paper Wildlife issues and development prospects in West and Central Asia René Czudek Rome, 2006 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy. © FAO 2006 Wildlife issues and development prospects in West and Central Asia iii TABLE OF CONTENTS BACKGROUND.......................................................................................................................................................V 1 WILDLIFE ISSUES IN THE REGION ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 CHALLENGES AHEAD ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Whole Mitochondrial Genome Sequence and Phylogenetic Relationships of Williams’S Jerboa (Scarturus Williamsi) from Turkey
    Whole mitochondrial genome sequence and phylogenetic relationships of Williams’s jerboa (Scarturus williamsi) from Turkey Osman İbiş1,2 1 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey 2 Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey ABSTRACT Williams’s jerboa (Scarturus williamsi), a medium-sized jerboa distributed in Anatolia and its adjacent regions, is a member of the four- and five-toed jerboas found mostly in Asia. Disagreements about the taxonomy of this taxon at the genus/ species level continue to exist. Here, we report the first effort to sequence and assemble the mitochondrial genome of Williams’s jerboa from Turkey. The mitochondrial genome of S. williamsi was 16,653 bp in total length and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and two non-coding regions (the D-loop and OL region) with intergenic spacer. All of the genes, except ND6 and eight tRNAs, were encoded on the heavy chain strand, similar to the features of mitogenomes of other rodents. When compared with all available rodent mitochondrial genomes, Williams’s jerboa showed (1) a serine deletion at the 3′-end of the ATP8 gene, (2) the ND5 gene terminated with a TAG codon and (3) a tandem repeat cluster (273 bp in length) in the control region. Williams’s jerboa and Siberian jerboa grouped as sister taxa despite the high genetic distance (17.6%) between them, belonging to Allactaginae. This result is consistent with the latest pre-revision, which suggests that Williams’s Submitted 28 February 2020 jerboa and the Siberian jerboa may belong to separate genera, as Scarturus and Accepted 29 June 2020 Orientallactaga, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Phylogenetically Distinct Events Shaped the Evolution of Limb Skeletal Morphologies Associated with Bipedalism in the Jerboas
    Article Multiple Phylogenetically Distinct Events Shaped the Evolution of Limb Skeletal Morphologies Associated with Bipedalism in the Jerboas Highlights Authors d Limb character states of the dipodoid rodents are placed in a Talia Y. Moore, Chris L. Organ, phylogenetic context Scott V. Edwards, ..., Clifford J. Tabin, Farish A. Jenkins, Jr., d Digit loss occurred at least three times, and metatarsal fusion Kimberly L. Cooper is monophyletic Correspondence d Between-limb and within-hindlimb allometries are genetically separable [email protected] d Hindlimb length evolved by punctuated evolution In Brief Moore et al. demonstrate the value of considering evolutionary history to elucidate the developmental genetic mechanisms of morphological change. Focusing on the jerboas and related rodents, they find that each derived limb skeletal character is genetically distinct and that elements of the hindlimb elongated by punctuated evolution. Accession Numbers KT164755 KT164756 KT164757 KT164758 KT164759 KT164760 KT164761 KT164762 KT164763 KT164764 Moore et al., 2015, Current Biology 25, 2785–2794 November 2, 2015 ª2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.037 Current Biology Article Multiple Phylogenetically Distinct Events Shaped the Evolution of Limb Skeletal Morphologies Associated with Bipedalism in the Jerboas Talia Y. Moore,1 Chris L. Organ,2 Scott V. Edwards,1 Andrew A. Biewener,1 Clifford J. Tabin,3 Farish A. Jenkins, Jr.,1 and Kimberly L. Cooper4,* 1Department of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 2Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, 226 Traphagen Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA 3Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA 4Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA *Correspondence: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.037 SUMMARY morphogenesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Rodentia Knagers Rodents Rongeurs Nagetiere Roedores Knaagdieren
    Blad1 ABCDEFGHIJK L M N O P Q 2 Mammalia met melkklier Mammals Mammifères Säugetiere Mamiféros Zoogdieren 3 Rodentia knagers Rodents Rongeurs Nagetiere Roedores Knaagdieren 4 Myomorpha muis + vorm Mouse-like rodents Myomorphs Mauseverwandten Miomorfos Muisachtigen 5 Dipodoidea tweepoot + idea Jerboa-like rodents Berken-, Huppel- & Springmuizen 6 Sminthidae Grieks sminthos = muis + idae Birch mice Berkenmuizen 7 Sicista Berkenmuizen 8 S. caudata met staart Long-tailed birch mouse Siciste à longue queue Langschwanzbirkenmaus Ratón listado de cola largo Langstaartberkenmuis 9 S. concolor eenkleurig Chinese birch mouse Siciste de Chine China-Birkenmaus Ratón listado de China Chinese berkenmuis 10 S.c. concolor eenkleurig Gansu birch mouse Gansuberkenmuis 11 S.c. leathemi Leathem ??? Kashmir birch mouse Kasjmirberkenmuis 12 S.c. weigoldi Hugo Weigold Sichuan birch mouse Sichuanberkenmuis 13 S. tianshanica Tiensjangebergte, Azië Tian Shan birch mouse Siciste du Tian Shan Tienschan-Birkenmaus Ratón listado de Tien Shan Tiensjanberkenmuis 14 S. caucasica Kaukassisch Caucasian birch mouse Siciste du Caucase Kaukasus-Birkenmaus Ratón listado del Cáucaso Kaukasusberkenmuis 15 S. kluchorica Klukhorrivier, Kaukasus Kluchor birch mouse Siciste du Klukhor Kluchor-Birkenmaus Ratón listado de Kluchor Klukhorberkenmuis 16 S. kazbegica Kazbegi-district, Georgië Kazbeg birch mouse Siciste du Kazbegi Kazbeg-Birkenmaus Ratón listado de Kazbegi Kazbekberkenmuis 17 S. armenica Armeens Armenian birch mouse Siciste d'Arménie Armenien-Birkenmaus Ratón listado de Armenia Armeense berkenmuis 18 S. napaea een weidenimf Altai birch mouse Siciste de l'Altaï Nördliche Altai-Birkenmaus Ratón listado de Altái Altaiberkenmuis 19 S.n. napaea weidenimf West-Altaiberkenmuis 20 S.n. tschingistauca Tsjingiz-Tau-bergen, Kazachstan Kazachberkenmuis 21 S. pseudonapaea lijkend op napaea Gray birch mouse Siciste grise Südliche Altai-Birkenmaus Ratón listado gris Grijze berkenmuis 22 S.
    [Show full text]
  • Cranial Foramina and Relationships of Dipodoid Rodents
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Student Theses Baruch College 1-1-1991 Cranial foramina and relationships of dipodoid rodents Michael Andrew Dempsey Baruch College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/bb_etds/14 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Cranial Foramina and Relationships of Dipodoid Rodents by Michael Andrew Dempsey © Submitted to the Committee on Undergraduate Honors of Baruch College of The City University of New York in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Biology with Honors November 14, 1991 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Why Rodents Merit Study Characteristics of the Rodentia Value of Cranial Foramina in the Study of Relationships The Dipodoidea Purpose of this Study METHODS Data Collection and Analysis Specimens Examined RESULTS Cranial Foramina Other Cranial Features DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS LITERATURE CITED APPENDICES A. Sample Data Capture Page B. Character State Polarization C. Data Matrix ABSTRACT Cranial foramina of dipodoid rodents (jerboas, jumping mice, and birch mice) were examined and analyzed with PAUP (Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony) in order to test hypotheses of interrelationship and evaluate published classifications of the superfamily. Ninety-three specimens of thirteen genera (specimens of Euchoreutes were unavailable) were examined with a dissecting microscope, and data for forty-one foramina and related features in each were recorded. These were compared with data from the extinct Eocene genus Paramys and the muroid genus Cricetulus as outgroup taxa.
    [Show full text]