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Country of Origin Information Report China COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT CHINA 15 NOVEMBER 2010 UK Border Agency COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE CHINA 15 NOVEMBER 2010 Contents Preface Latest News EVENTS IN CHINA FROM 2 TO 15 NOVEMBER 2010 REPORTS ON CHINA PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED BETWEEN 2 AND 15 NOVEMBER 2010 Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ......................................................................................... 1.01 Map ................................................................................................ 1.04 Languages ................................................................................... 1.05 Population..................................................................................... 1.06 Naming conventions .................................................................. 1.07 Tibetan names........................................................................... 1.08 2. ECONOMY ............................................................................................. 2.01 Poverty .......................................................................................... 2.03 Currency........................................................................................ 2.07 3. HISTORY ............................................................................................... 3.01 1949-1976: The Mao Zedong era................................................. 3.01 1978-1989: China under Deng Xiaoping..................................... 3.03 1990-2000: Post-Tiananmen Square........................................... 3.04 2000 onwards: A new generation of leaders ............................. 3.05 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ....................................................................... 4.01 5. CONSTITUTION ...................................................................................... 5.01 6. POLITICAL SYSTEM................................................................................ 6.01 Chinese Communist Party (CCP)................................................ 6.03 Human Rights 7. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 7.01 8. SECURITY FORCES ................................................................................ 8.01 Armed forces ................................................................................ 8.03 Police............................................................................................. 8.04 Private security firms ................................................................. 8.07 Torture ....................................................................................... 8.08 Extrajudicial killings ................................................................... 8.15 Protection of witnesses/organised crime ................................... 8.16 Avenues of complaint.................................................................. 8.20 9. MILITARY SERVICE................................................................................. 9.01 Postponement and exemption.................................................... 9.04 Desertion....................................................................................... 9.06 10. JUDICIARY........................................................................................... 10.01 Organisation ................................................................................. 10.01 Independence ............................................................................... 10.02 Fair trial ......................................................................................... 10.04 Restrictions on lawyers............................................................... 10.06 Criminal Procedure Law (1997)................................................... 10.10 ii The main text of this COI Report contains the most up-to-date publicly available information as at 1 November 2010. Further brief information on recent events and reports has been provided in the Latest News section to 15 November 2010. 15 NOVEMBER 2010 CHINA State Security Law (1993)............................................................ 10.11 Double jeopardy ........................................................................... 10.13 11. ARREST AND DETENTION – LEGAL RIGHTS............................................ 11.01 Arrest warrants............................................................................. 11.08 Wanted posters ............................................................................ 11.10 Resisting arrest/hitting an official .............................................. 11.13 Punishment of minor offences.................................................... 11.15 12. PRISON CONDITIONS............................................................................ 12.01 Psychiatric custody (Ankang system) ....................................... 12.07 Administrative detention/labour camps..................................... 12.11 Re-education Through Labour (RTL) ........................................ 12.11 Other forms of administrative detention..................................... 12.16 13. DEATH PENALTY.................................................................................. 13.01 Suspended death sentences....................................................... 13.03 Number of executions.................................................................. 13.04 Judicial oversight......................................................................... 13.06 People exempted from the death penalty .................................. 13.08 14. POLITICAL AFFILIATION........................................................................ 14.01 Freedom of political expression ................................................. 14.01 Freedom of association and assembly ...................................... 14.07 Civil disturbances ...................................................................... 14.10 Opposition groups and political activists.................................. 14.19 China Democracy Party (CDP).................................................. 14.21 UK Branch of the China Democracy Party ................................ 14.26 Monitoring of activists abroad.................................................... 14.27 Tiananmen Square activists ...................................................... 14.28 15. FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND MEDIA ........................................................ 15.01 Radio, TV, internet and print media............................................ 15.01 Journalists .................................................................................... 15.09 16. HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONS, ORGANISATIONS AND ACTIVISTS............ 16.01 17. CORRUPTION ...................................................................................... 17.01 Breaches of Party discipline ....................................................... 17.04 Guanxi (social connections) ....................................................... 17.06 18. FREEDOM OF RELIGION........................................................................ 18.01 Registration .................................................................................. 18.05 Buddhists...................................................................................... 18.08 Taoists........................................................................................... 18.10 Folk religions................................................................................ 18.11 19. CHRISTIANS ........................................................................................ 19.01 Availability of Bibles .................................................................... 19.03 Proselytising................................................................................. 19.07 Catholics ....................................................................................... 19.09 Relations with the Vatican ......................................................... 19.15 Protestants (including ‘house churches’).................................. 19.18 Orthodox Church.......................................................................... 19.24 20. MUSLIMS............................................................................................. 20.01 Uighur(s) (Uygur, Uyghur)........................................................... 20.02 Human rights in Xinjiang (East Turkestan) ................................ 20.05 July 2009 violence ..................................................................... 20.08 Religious freedom in Xinjiang (East Turkestan) ........................ 20.10 Uighur ‘terrorist’ groups ............................................................. 20.15 Other Uighur opposition groups................................................. 20.19 Monitoring of activists abroad.................................................... 20.21 Hui (Huihui)................................................................................... 20.23 The main text of this COI Report contains the most up-to-date publicly available information as at 1 November 2010. Further brief iii information on recent events and reports has been provided in the Latest News section to 15 November 2010. CHINA 15 NOVEMBER 2010 21. BANNED SPIRITUAL GROUPS................................................................ 21.01 The Shouters (Huhan Pai) or Local Church............................... 21.04 South China Church....................................................................
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