Indonesia's Diplomatic Efforts in Response to The
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INDONESIA’S DIPLOMATIC EFFORTS IN RESPONSE TO THE ROHINGYA REFUGEE CRISIS DURING PRESIDENT JOKO WIDODO ADMINISTRATION (2014-2016) By Mariesta Varandiga Putri ID No. 016201300094 A Thesis presented to the Faculty of Humanities President University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Bachelor Degree in International Relations Major in Diplomacy Studies 2017 THESIS ADVISER RECOMMENDATION LETTER This thesis entitled “Indonesia’s Diplomatic Efforts in Response to the Rohingya Refugee Crisis During President Joko Widodo Administration (2014-2016)” prepared and submitted by Mariesta Varandiga Putri in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in the Faculty of Humanities has been reviewed and found to have satisfied the requirements for a thesis fit to be examined. I therefore recommend this thesis for Oral Defense. Cikarang, Indonesia, March 6, 2017 Recommended and Acknowledge by, Drs. Teuku Rezasyah, M.A., Ph.D. ii DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I declare that this thesis, entitled “Indonesia’s Diplomatic Efforts in Response to the Rohingya Refugee Crisis during President Joko Widodo Administration (2014-2016)” is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, an original piece of work that has not been submitted, either in whole or in part, to another university to obtain a degree. Cikarang, Indonesia, March 6, 2017 Mariesta Varandiga Putri iii PANEL OF EXAMINER APPROVAL SHEET The panel of examiners declare that the thesis entitled “Indonesia’s Diplomatic Efforts in Response to the Rohingya Refugee Crisis during President Joko Widodo Administration (2014-2016)” that was submitted by Mariesta Varandiga Putri majoring in International Relations from the Faculty of Humanities was assessed and approved to have passed the Oral Examination on March 6, 2017. Natasya Kusumawardani, S.IP., MProfStuds (Hons) Chair – Panel of Examiners Hendra Manurung, SIP., MA Examiner Drs. Teuku Rezasyah, M.A., Ph.D. Thesis Adviser iv ABSTRACT Mariesta Varandiga Putri, International Relations 2013, President University Thesis Title: Indonesia’s Diplomatic Efforts in Response to the Rohingya Refugee Crisis during President Joko Widodo Administration (2014-2016) The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how the Indonesian government implements its diplomatic efforts in response to the Rohingya refugee crisis during President Joko Widodo administration. This analysis focuses on the Rohingya refugee crisis from 2014-2016 in the Southeast Asia. This thesis will be focused on one of the affected countries by the refugee crisis which is Indonesia. In addition, this thesis provides the Indonesian government responses for the Rohingya refugee crisis. The current refugee crisis increases the interest of the country’s response not only about how immediate response that must be applied but also increases motivation of the country to find the settlement of refugee crisis. After the exodus movement of Rohingya’s refugee, the government of Indonesia agreed to offer the temporary shelter for one year and the settlement of this crisis will be done by international community. In order to find the settlement of the crisis, the government of Indonesia plays an active diplomacy in address the issue in bilateral, regional and multilateral. In addition, this thesis will discuss further about how the Indonesia’s challenges over the refugee flows which has inspired the government to settle the crisis. The result of this research, Indonesia’s diplomatic efforts plays actively in response to Rohingya refugee crisis and the main focus of Indonesia’s diplomacy is to find the settlement of the refugee crisis by addressing the root causes of the crisis and enhancing the cooperation (origin, transit, and destination country) in solving the crisis. Keywords: Rohingya Refugees, Republic of Indonesia, Diplomacy, President Joko Widodo Administration v ABSTRAK Mariesta Varandiga Putri, Hubungan Internasional 2013, President University Judul Penelitian: Indonesia’s Diplomatic Efforts in Response to the Rohingya Refugee Crisis during President Joko Widodo Administration (2014-2016) Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa bagaimana pemerintah Indonesia mengimplementasikan upaya diplomasi negara dalam mengatur masalah krisis pengungsi Rohingya pada masa pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo. Penelitian ini akan fokus berdasarkan krisis pengungsi Rohingya yang terjadi dalam waktu 2014-2016 di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Penelitian ini akan membahas secara khusus salah satu negara yang terkena dampak dari krisis pengungsi tersebut yaitu Indonesia. Selain itu, tulisan penelitian ini akan menyajikan bagaimana respon dari pemerintah Indonesia terhadap krisis pengungsi Rohingya. Krisis pengungsi yang terjadi saat ini meningkatkan kepentingan negara dalam merespon tidak hanya bagaimana mengambil tindakan dengan segera tetapi juga meningkatkan motivasi untuk mencari solusi dalam penyelesaian masalah. Setelah terjadinya perpindahan secara besar-besaran dari pengungsi Rohingya, pemerintah Indonesia bersedia untuk memberikan tempat penampungan sementara untuk satu tahun dan penyelesaian dari krisis pengungsi akan dilaksanakan komunitas internasional. Untuk mencapai penyelesaian krisis tersebut pemerintah Indonesia melakukan diplomasi aktif secara bilateral, regional dan multilateral. Selanjutnya, penelitian ini akan menjabarkan lebih lanjut bagaimana tantangan Indonesia dalam menghadapi arus pengungsi yang juga telah menginsipirasi negara untuk mengakhiri krisis. Hasil dari penelitian ini, upaya diplomasi Indonesia telah berjalan dengan aktif dalam merespon krisis pengungsi Rohingya untuk menemukan penyelesaian dari krisis pengungsi dengan melakukan penekanan terhadap akar permasalahan dan meningkatkan kerjasama (negara asal, transit, tujuan) dalam penyelesaian krisis tersebut. Kata Kunci: Pengungsi Rohingya, Republik Indonesia, Diplomasi, Pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like praise to Allah SWT for all grace and guidance during the hard times and for the answer to all the prayers. Thank to my Allah Almighty who gave me the courage, health and energy to accomplish my thesis in due time and without His help this study which required untiring efforts would have not been possible to complete within the time limits. I would like to take this opportunity to thank all the persons who have given me support, prayer, and love from the people around me. I am deeply grateful to my first adviser Drs. Teuku Rezasyah, M.A., Ph.D. and my second adviser Natasya Kusumawardani, S.IP., MProfStuds (Hons) for his and her excellent advices, suggestion, motivations and patiently taking me through this difficult task of educational research and providing me with an excellent atmosphere for doing this research. Further, I would like to say thanks to my thesis examiner, Hendra Manurung, SIP., MA for additional input on my final touch of this thesis. I would like to thanks all lectures and staff International Relations study program for all support and knowledge worthwhile during my study. I would like to acknowledge to my father and mother, who always become my source of motivation, make me stronger and confidence to make you proud. To my sister, my grandmother for the support and the spirit they gave when I was down. To my father who works far from Jakarta, always give his time guiding and support me. Thanks to my mother for the time you have spent with me during the process of making this thesis. To my sister who always cheering me up and accompanies with me study together. All of my friends in President University batch 2013, AA3 housemate Iranti and Putri, Du’uwatul, Maretha, Stefani, Onie, Lela, Yanri, Dwi, Petri, Jeje, Corry, Izzati, Mila, Faza and so many others that the writer cannot mention in this thesis. For my best friends Aindana, Laila, Mutiara, Riska, and Wulan thank you for our 7 years of friendship. Thank you Rima, Rezha, and Fero for coming vii my thesis defense and give the support. Without you guys I might not have the motivation to finish my thesis. For you all support from the start until I could finally close this thesis with my full gratitude. Therefore I send my support the same for you guys, and for the next batch of International Relations student. I would like to say well done and keep this spirit wherever and whomever you work in the future. Finally, my thanks go to everyone who helped me in contributing their support during this whole thesis. Cikarang, Indonesia, March 6, 2017 Mariesta Varandiga Putri viii TABLE OF CONTENTS THESIS ADVISER RECOMMENDATION LETTER .................................... ii DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY .............................................................. iii PANEL OF EXAMINER APPROVAL SHEET ............................................... iv ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURE ................................................................... xiii LIST OF ACRONYMS ..................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER I .......................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................