Ministry of Employment and In vestment

CHAPTEIR 5 TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS"-

REGIONALCORRELATION AND which extends continuously along the southwestside ofthe SIGNIFICANCE OF MAIN Yalakom fault for 80 kilometres to Chilko Lake (Figure 39). At the southeast end of thisbelt, within theTaseko .Bridge LITHOTECTONIC ASSEMBLAGES River map area, this clastic succession is inferred to have TERRANE been deposited abovethe Bridge River Complex($e? Chap- ter 2). The Tyaughton basin beltis also bounded onits north- The Bridge River Terrane is represented the West side by sparse exposures ofthe BridgeRiver Complex BridgeRiver Complex, which includes Mississippianto (Riddell eT 1993a,b), indicating that the Bridge River Middle Jurassic chert, pillowed and massive greenstone, Complex probably underlies, in the subsurface, th3 entire limestone, clastic rocks and blueschist. The Taseko - Bridge belt of clastic sedimentary Theexposures at th north- River map area encompasses the northwestern end Of the west end of the belt, east of Chilko Lake, are bounded to the mainoutcrop beltoftheBridgeRiverComplex~A1ougstrike north by fault-bounded panels OfCadwaIlader and p/Iethow to thenorthwest is the main exposure beltJura-Creta-of terranes, and are the exposures of tl,e ceous clastic sedimentary rocksof the Tyaughton basin, Bridge River complex.

Figure 39.Map showing the distributionof major tectonostratigraphic elementsof the southeastern Coast Beltin the Pemhrton, and map sheets. BRC=narrow lens of Bridge River Complex east of Chilko Lake. Map is basec on the compilations of Schiarizza et ai. (1994) and Monger and Joumeay (1994). The Bridge River Terranealso includes local exposures cludes Permian limestone containing Tethyan fusilin :ds of clastic sedimentary rocks assignedto the Gun Lake and (Brandon et 41.. 1988). units in the southern part of the Taseko - The Bridge River Complexin the Taseko - Bridge River Bridge River map area. These undated rocks rest strati- area is thought to have accumulatedas an accretion--suhduc- graphically above the Bridge RiverComplex, and are cor- tion complex on the basisits ofwide age range, the appanmt related with theCayoosh assemblage, a thick successionof lack of an internal stratigraphy, commonly observed out- Jura-Cretaceousclastic sedimentary rocksthat conformably crop-scale tectonic disruption, and presence of Middle to overlies the Bridge River Complex farther to the south Late Triassic blneschist. Accretionary tectonics, presnm- (Journeay and Northcote, 1992; Mahoney and Journeay, ably related to subduction, apparently continued until at 1993; Journeay and Mahoney, 1994).Parts of the Cayoosh least latest Middle Jurassic time, as cherts of this age ue assemblage, including the Gun Lake unit, may conelate known to be imbricated within the complex (Cordey 2nd with the basal unit of the Relay Mountain Group, whichis Schiarizza, 1993) whereas clastic rocks which overlie the also inferred to have been deposited directly above the complex (Gun Lake unit and Relay Mountain Group) (lis- Bridge River Complex.Parts of the Caywsh assemblage are play a coherent stratigraphy. The continuoussedimentation probably older, however, as basal turbidites of the assem- recorded across thecontact between more coherent sectims blage locally overlie, withapparent conformity, limestone- of Bridge River Complexand the overlying Jura-Cretaceous bearing portions of the BridgeRiver Complex which have Cayoosh assemblage farther to the south indicates that the yielded Upper Triassic (Norian) conodonts (Journeay and early to mid Mesozoic phase of accretionary tectonics iid Mahoney, 1994). This suggests that the onset of sustained not effect all parts of the complex or completely close the clastic sedimentation was markedly diachronons within the Bridge River ocean basin. However,by late Middle Jurassic Bridge River basin. time the basin had narrowedto the extent that youngersedi- The Bridge River Complex and overlying Cayoosh as- mentation was dominated by clastic deposits, perhaps $e- semblage outcropin a belt that extends for about 150 kilo- rived from flanking arc terranes (Mahoney and Journeay, metres southeastward from the Bridge Riverarea, where it 1993; Journeay and Mahoney. 1994).A later pulse of sib- is truncated bytheFraserRiverfault.Rockscorre1ativewith duction-related deformation within Bridge River Termne the Bridge River Complex the on east side of thefault com- may be recorded by Early Cretaceous blueschists of the prise Permian to Jurassic chert, greenstone and pelite of the Shuksan Terrane of the North Cascade Mountains, which Hozameen Group, which outcrops withinthe eastern Cas- have been correlated with the Settler schist and Caymsh cade foldbelt of southern and adjacent assemblage of the southeastern CoastBelt (Monger. 1991b, Washington state (Haugerud, 1985; Monger, 1989). The Monger and Journeay, 1994). Thisepisode may have led to metachert and metabasite-bearing Napeequa unit (Mad final closure of the Bridge River basin, and culminated in River Terrane) and Twisp valley schists of the Cascade the mid to early Late Cretaceous contractional deformation Metamorphic Core may also correlate with the Bridge River that characterizes the sontheastern Coast - north Cascade Complex (McGroder,1991; Miller et al., 1993h). Otherpo- orogen. Mid-Cretaceous clastic sedimentary rocks deFos- tentially correlative assemblages include the Cogburn ited in the Tyaughton - Methow basin during this conuac- Group within the metamorphic culmination of the south- tional deformation containdetritus derived from the Bri,ige easternCoastBelteastifHarrisonLake,andtheElbowLake River Complex and provide the first record of uplift ,md Formation withinthenorthwest Cascadesystemtothe south erosion of Bridge River Terrane (Gamer,1989, 1992). (Monger and Journeay, 1994). Structurally higher levels Some workers (e& Rusmore etal., 1988; Rusmore .md within this part of the orogen may correlate with the Woodsworth, 1991a) have correlated the Bridge River Cayoosh assemblage;these include the Settler schist.of the Complex with parts of the Cache Creek Terrane, which out- southeastern Coast Belt, (Monger and Journeay, 1994), the crops between Quesneland Stikine terranes in the Intermon- Chiwaukum schist of Nason Terrane within the Cascade taneBelt.Althoughthetwoassemblagesarebroadlysimi1ar Metamorphic Core (McGroder, 1991) and the Danington in structuralstyle and lithologic components, including'hi- phyllite and Shuksan greenschist-blueschist of the North- assic bluescbists, there are also important differences ,hat west Cascades Thrust System(Monger, 1991h). argue against their correlation.The first is a significant(lis- The Bridge River Complex may also correfare with parity in the youngest known radiolarian cherts, whichare chert, basalt and limestone of the Deadman Bay Terrane late Middle Jurassic inthe Bridge River Complex and Late (including Deadman Bay volcanics and Orcas chert, Bran- Triassic in southernCache Creek Terrane; Early or Micldle donetaZ.,1988),whichisacomponentoftheSanJuanthrnst Jurassic radiolarians extracted from the westem CaEhe system (see Figure 42). This correlation is based on a very Creek are in tuffaceous argillite, andtherefore record a dif- close correspondence in the known ages of chert,as those ferent type of sedimentation (Cordey et al., 1987; Cordey in the Deadman BayTerrane are mainly Permianto Lower and Schiarizza, 1993). A second important different,: is Jurassic, hut also include a single Mississippian locality based on thestructural relationships exposed in theTaszko (Whetten et al., 1978), as well as comparahle geochemistry - Bridge River map area (Chapter 3). which suggest !hat of hasalts, which resemble tholeiitic and alkalic basalts of Bridge River Terrane originated west ofCadwallader 7%- modem Ocean islands (Potter, 1983, 1986, Brandon et al., me. This does notsupport the proposedreconstructions of 1988; Macdonald, 1990a.b). The Deadman Bay Terrane Rusmore and Woodsworth (1991a) whichsuggest that the also includes Upper Triassic limestone, comparableto most Cache Creek - Bridge River basin lay a of a system of limestone bodies inthe Bridge River Complex,hut also in- arcs represented by Stikine and Cadwallader terranes. Fi-

_- 156 Geological Survey Bnlnch Ministry ofEmpioymenr andhesfment

nally, relationships in the southeastern Coast Beltindicate Cadwallader Terrane is inferred to have originaledeast that the Bridge River ocean basin remained open wellinto of Bridge River Terrane because it typically occur!; struc- the latter part of the Mesozoic (Joumeay and Mahoney, turally above the Bridge River Complexacross son:.hwest- 1994). and that its final collapse, coupled with uplift and directed thrust faults (Chapter 3). This relative erosion of its contents, did notoccur until mid-Cretaceous paleogeographic positioning is consistent with the ?resent time (Garver, 1989,1992).This contrasts markedly with the distribution of terranes along the northeastern marginof the history of Cache Creek Terrane, which was uplifted and southeastern Coast Belt in the and its eroded followingits amalgamation withadjacent terranes in offset counterpart east of Chilko Lake, comprisinj:, from Early Jurassic time (Monger et al., 1982). northeast to southwest, Methow, Cadwal1ade.r and Bridge The above differences indicate that the Bridge River River (Figure 39). It is also consistent with the inlariable and Cache Creek terranes had distinctlydifferent mid to late structural association ofCadwallader Terranewith ophioli- Mesozoic histories. Theydo notpreclude the possibility that tic rocks of theBralome-East Liza Complex,as these rocks Cache Creek and BridgeRiver terranes contain remnantsof may correlate with the Spider Peak Formation and Coqui- the same late Paleozoic - early Mesozoic ocean basin,or that halla serpentine belt, which comprise the basenent to the Triassic component of accretion withinthe Bridge River Methow Terrane in the East Cascadefold belt to the soutb- Complex may have somehow been linkedto that of Cache east (Ray, 1986). The Cadwallader andBridge Rivca terra- Creek Terrane.A late Paleozoic link between the two terra- nes are overlapped by Jura-Cretaceousclastic sedirnentaty nes is supported by some faunaldata, as Permian limestones rocks of the Tyaughton- Methow basin (seelater section), within both theCache Creek Terrane and the Bridge River- whereas older arc-related volcanism and sedimentation correlative(?)Deadman Bay Terraneof the San Juan Islands within Cadwallader Terrane overlapped in time with sub- contain Tethyan fusilinids (Monger and Ross, 1971). duction-related deformation and metamorphism within Bridge River Terrane.It is reasonable to infer, iherefore, that CADWALLADER TERRANE the two terranes may have been linked by Middle to Late The Taseko - Bridge River maparea includes the type Triassic time, with theCadwallader arc forming on 5n over- area of Cadwallader Terrane (Rusmore, 1987; Umhoefer, riding plate above the Bridge River subduction zonl:. 1990), which includesthe Upper Triassic Cadwallader and A separate belt containing Upper Triassi.c awrelated Tyaughton groups together with Lower to Middle Jurassic rocks that have been assigned to the Cadwallader Group rocks of the Last Creek formation and Junction Creek unit. outcrops in the Lake area, to the !;outhNest of The chemical characteristics of the volcanicrock:s, together Bridge RiverTerrane (Figure 39). The Triassic rocks of this with the compositions of associated clastic rocks, suggest belt contain a more varied assemblage of mafic t3 felsic that CadwalladerTerrane represents partof a Late Triassic volcanic rocks than are found in the type area of the Cad- volcanic arc and associated LateTriassic to Middle Jurassic wallader Group (Riddell, 1992), and they do not include fringing sedimentary apron (Rusmore et al., 1988). The thick sedimentary intervals that canbe unequivocally cor- rocks ofCadwallader Terraneare imbricated with Permian related with the Hurley Formation, which dominates expo- ophiolitic rocks of the -East Liza Complex sures of the Cadwallader Group in the vicinity of its type throughout the Taseko - Bridge River map area. Together, area. Furthermore, the Triassic rocks of the IAoo~tLake these two assemblages comprise a widespread composite belt are locally overlain by Lower to Middle Jurassic arc- thrust sheet that typically occurs structurally above the like volcanic rocks correlated with Hamson Lake Forma- Bridge River Complex and Tyaughton basin across south- tion (Figure 40; Journeay and Mahoney, 1994); which west-directed thrust faults. The Cadwallader Terrane - contrast markedly with the Lower to Middle Jurassi: shales Bralome-East Liza thrust sheetis in turn structurally over- of Cadwallader Terrane itsin type areato the northeast (Urn- lain by the Shulaps Ultramafic Complex in the Shulaps hoefer, 1990; Riddelletal., 1993a; this report).Alorg strike Range. tothenorthwestoftheLillooetLakebeltisanoZhersc~uence Rocks thatare readily correlated with CadwalladerTer- of Triassic arc volcanics (Niut belt of Figures39 2nd 40), rane extend for ahout 35 kilometres south of the Taseko - which has been correlated with Stikine Tenane (Mount Bridge River map area, wherethe Cadwallader Group and Moore and Mosleyformations, Rusmore and'Woodsworth, Bralorne-East Liza Complex are imbricated with Bridge 1991a). Theserocksmaycorrelatewiththoseofthe Lillooet River Complex and Cayoosh assemblage in the southeasternLake belt on the basisof general lithologic similarity, their continuation of the Eldorado~ Bralorne fault system north- along strike position, and the presence of Triassic: quartz west of Anderson Lake (Figure39; Journeay,1993). A sepa- dioritic intrusive rocks within both belts (Riddell, 1992, rate belt of Cadwallader Terrane rocks outcrops east of Mustard and van der Heyden, 1994). Furthermore, the Tri- Chilko Lake, about 100 kilometres northwest of Gold assic successions within both belts are associat,:d with Bridge (Figure39). This beltconsists of the Hurley Forma- younger sequences of volcanic and sedimentary rocks that tionandoverlyingJunctionCreekunit,andisinfaultcontact may correlate with the Lower Cretaceous Gambier Group with Methow Terrane to the north and Bridge River Com- (Cerulean Lake unitof the Lillooet Lake belt, Riddeil, 1992; plex and Tyaughton basin to the south (Riddell et al., Ottarasko and Cloud Drifter formations of the Niut belt, 1993a.b). It is interpreted as an offset continuation of the Rusmore and Woodsworth, 1989). The relationship of the Cadwallader Terraneexposed in the Camelsfoot Range of Lillooet Lake and Niutbelts to the type Cadwallader Group the Taseko - Bridge River map area, which has been dis- is uncertain, as they are presently on opposite sidesofBridge placed about 115 kilometres along the Yalakom fault. River Terrane. Their present distribution (Figure 39) sug-

Bulletin 100 157 1 t

t

L

Figure 40. Correlation chart of tectonostratigraphic assenlhlages in the southeastern Coast Belt. Harrison Terrane(Arthur ef al., 1993): lKBH=BrokenbackHill Fm; lKP=Peninsnla Fm; uJBC=Billhook Creek Fm; mJMC=Mysterious Creek Fm;I~IIL=H~~~soII Lake Fm; wCC= Camp Cove Fm. LillooetLake Belt (Riddell, 1992; Journeayand Mahoney, 1994): JKCkCemlean Lake unit; JKCY=Cayoosh assemblage; loLIHL=Hanison Lake Fm;u7;C=Cadwallader Gp. Niut Belt (Rusmore and Woodsworth, 1991a; Umhoefer ernl., 1!)94): IKCD=Cloud Drifter fm; lKO=OttaraskouW=Mosley fm; fm;moTMM=Mount Moore fm.Tyaughton Basin (this study):uKpC=p~,well Creekfm; IuKSQSilverquickfm;IKTC and luKTC=TaylorCreekGp; IKtvscTosh Creeksuccession;IKRM~, JKRM2 and mulRMl.=Re- lay Mountain Group. Bridge River Terrane (this study; Mahoney and Journeay, 1993; Journeay and Mahoney, 1994): JKCl'=Cayoosh assemblage;h'LlBR=Bridge River Complex, Cadwallader Terrane (this study): JKG=Gmuse Creek unit: ImJLC=LastCreek fm; ImJJC=Junction Creek unit; ul;T=TyaughtonGroup; uTC=Cadwallader Group. Ophiolitic Complexes (this study): PBEL=BrdlorneEast Liza Complex: PSM=Shnlaps serpentinite m6lange unit; PSH=Shulaps harzhurgite unit. Methow Terrane (this study; Coates, 1974; O'Brien, 1986, 1987; Ray, 1986; Schiarizza et ai., 1995; Schiarizza, 1996): lKJM=lackass Mountain Group; JKRM=Relay Mountain Group; u.lTL=Thunder Lake sequence; mJs=Callovian shaleunit; ImJD=Dewdney creek Fm; lmJH=Hucklebeny hn, Imn=*adne:: Gp; uk=upwr Triassic rocks along- Tatlavoko Lake; Tqd=Mount Skinner Igneous Complex; SP=Spider Creek formation; Cq=Coquihalla serpenlie belt. gests the possibility thatthe Lillooet, Niut and Cadwallader conglomerates in detail.The correlation is based on gensral belts are components of a once-continnous arc system that similarity of clast types, whichinclude limestone, vo1c;mic bounded theBridge River ocean basinto the west, north and and plutonic rock fragments, andthe presence of rare cllsts northeast. Alternatively, the Lillooet Lake - Niut belt and of bright greenish-turquoise-coloured siliceous tuff that ap- the Cadwallader Terrane may represent completely differ- pear identical to thosein the type area of the formation@:us- ent arc sequences thatformed on opposite sides of the Bridge more, 1985,1987). This area was subsequently mappedby River ocean basin. Other interpretations are also possible, Read (1992,1993), who established that the conglomerates but must be consistent with the contrasting structural posi- are in the upper part of a thrust-imbricated succession that tions of the type Cadwallader Terrane theand Lillooet Lake lies structurally beneath the Cache Creek Terrane, and in- belt, on opposite sides of Bridge River Terrane.One other cludes Mississippianto Pennsylvanian greenstonewith mi- way to achieve this distributionis by pre-Hauterivian sinis- nor limestone lenses, Upper Permian felsic to m;lfic tral displacementof thenorthern portion of the Cadwallader volcanics, Late Permian quartzmonzonite, granodiorite and arc system to a more southerly and outboard position now diorite, Middle to Upper Triassic limestone and associated represented by the Lillooet Lake belt (e.g. Monger et al., siltstone and calcareous sandstone, undated conglomerate 1994). and quartz-bearing feldspathic sandstone, and LowerJuras- Conglomerates exposedin the Iutennontane Belt north sic shale (Bald MountainBelt of Figure 39). The 8congl.xn- of the Chilcotin River, more than 100 kilometres north of erates, which have yielded a limestone clast c$ontairling the type area of the Cadwallader Group, were conelated Middle to Late Triassic conodonts,were correlated witk the with the Hurley Formation by Rusmore and Woodsworth Hurley Formation by Rusmore and Woodsworth (1991a), (1991a), although they did not map the area or study the butwereassignedaJurassicagebyRead(1992,1993).More

158 Geological Survey Bnmnch Ministry of Employment und In,.teshnent

recently, however, Readet al. (1995) have accepted thecor- sedimentary rocks assigned to the Dewdney Creek Forma- relationofRusmoreandWoodsworth,andrefertotheentire tion (O'Brien, 1986,1987). TheDewdney CreckFolmation Mississippian to Jurassic succession within the Bald Moun-includes a proximaleastern facies that includes arc-related tain beltas CadwalladerTerrane. Nevertheless,we consider pyroclastic mcks and lava flows together with clastic sed- the correlation suspect, in part because olderrocks the of the mentary rocks, anda more distal westernfacie!; that consists Bald Mountain belt are dissimilar to those assmiated with of volcanic-derived coarse-grained sandstones and con- Cadwallader Terranein its type area. An alternative corre- glomerates intercalated with thin-bedded sandstone, silt- lation, more consistent with the overall stratigraphy of the stone andargillite (Mahoney, 1993).These Middle :'urassic Bald Mountain belt,as well as its structural position beneath rocks are markedly different from age-equivalent strata Cache Creek Terrane,is that theLate Permian mafic to felsic found within other major tectonostratigraphic assemblages volcanics and associated intrusions correlate with similar of the southeasternCoast Belt, as the Middle Jurasric por- Late Permian to Early Triassic bimodal volcanic rocks and tion of Cadwallader Terraneis predominantly shale with no associated intrusions of the Kutcho Formation (Thorstad coarser clastics and no volcanic rocks (Umhoefe!; 1990; and Gabrielse, 1986; Thompson ef ai., 1995) in northern Schiarizza et al., 1993b). and the Middle Jurassic of the British Columbia and potentially correlative rocks of the Bridge River Terrane is mainly chert (Cordey and Sitlika assemblage (Paterson, 1974) in central British Co- Schiarizza, 1993). The baseof the Ladner Group is exposed lumbia. If this correlationis correct, thenthe Triassic lime- locally, where it restsstratigraphically above ;%seqtence of stone and associated conglomerates, sandstones and shales ocean floor basalts and associated gabbro and ultramafic of theBaldMountain heltmightcorrelate withlithologically mkassigned to the Spider Peak Formationand Coqnihalla similar Triassic and Jurassic rocks of the Sinwa and Inklin serpentine belt (Ray, 1986). These basement rocks are not formations, which overlie the Kutcho Formation. directly dated, but may in bepart Lower Triassic if interpil- low chertbreccias in theSpider Peak basalts wereth~: source METHOW TERRANE of an EarlyTriassic chert clast within theoverlying Ladner Within the Taseko - Bridge River map area, Methow Group (Ray, 1986). Terrane consists of Lower to Middle Jurassic sedimentary Within the Taseko - Bridge River map area, Methow and local volcanicrocks that correlate, at least in part, with Terrane comprises pat of a belt that has been traced con- the Dewdney Creek Formation of the Ladner Group, to- tinuously for about 140 km (see Figure 31). It is separated gether with overlying Lower Cretaceous clastic sedimentary from adjacent tectonostratigraphic assemblages of the rocks of the Jackass Mountain Group. This follows the defi-southeastern Coast Belt to the southwest hy the Yalakom nition of MethowTerrane by Wheeler et al. (1991). and is and Camelsfootfaults, andis offset from the k,lt of Methow consistent with the distinctive lithologic and stratigraphic Terrane mks in theEast Cascadefold belt along ths: Fraser attributes of both the Jurassic and Cretaceous parts of the River fault. The Jurassic rocks (including Units ImJys, mJcs succession, when comparedto coeval rocks ofBridgeRiver and mJyv of this report) are correlated with the D:wdney and Cadwallader terranes and the Tyaughton basin. The Creek Formation (specifically the western facies of Ma- provenance studies of Garver (1989, 1992) and Garver and honey, 1993) on thehasis of lithology,late Toarcia to Ba- Brandon (1994) indicate, however,that the Jackass Moun- jocian age range, and stratigraphic position. bemath the tain Groupcorrelates with parts of the Taylor Creek Group Jackass Mountain Group (Schiarizza et al., 199Oa; Ma- of theTyaughton basin. Furthermore, Jura-Cretaceous rocks honey, 1992, 1993). Older rocks, equivalent to the Boston within parts of MethowTerrane outside theTaseko - Bridge BarFormation of O'Brien (1986,1987) havenotbemposi- River map areacorrelate with the Relay Mountain Group of tively identified within this belt, but might be reptesented the Tyaugbton basin (Schiarizzaet al., 1995). which over- by shales and siltstones in the lower part of lhe fadt slice lies Bridge River and Cadwallader terranes.The Upper Ju- that crosses Swartz Lake(Figure 3). rassic to Lower Cretaceous rocks included in Methow Lower to Middle Jurassic rocks thein Chilko Lkearea Terrane are therefore part of an overlap assemblage that were included in Cadwallader Terraneby Plheeha et al. links the lower part of the terrane with Bridge River and (1991) but are assigned to MethowTerrane by Ridd:ll efal. Cadwallader terranes. These rocks will be discussed in a (1993a) and Schiarizza et al. (1995) (Figure 39). 'This as- later section onthe Tyaughton - Methow basin, whereas the signment is based on correlation of Aalenian to E.ajocian term Methow Terrane is retained for Middle Jurassic and rocks within the succession, which include thick beds of older rocks, which will be discussed here. volcanic-derived sandstone and granule conglomfrate, as Methow Terrane, together with overlying Jura-Creta- well as local occurrences of andesitic breccias, hiffs and ceous clastic sedimentary rocks comprising the Methow flows, with the Dewdney Creek Formation.11: is consistent portion of the Tyaughton - Methow basin, cornprises the with theirstratigraphic position beneath the Jackas! Moun- northeastern element of the southeastern Coast- north Cas- tain Group, as well as with structural arguments whichin- cade orogen from the vicinityof Chilko Lake southeastward dicate that these rocks are an extension of the Methow to northern Washington state (see Figure 31). Within the Terranebelt exposed in the Taseko- Bridge River m ap area, Eastem Cascades fold belt, east of the fault, offset by 115 kilometres of dextral displacementalong the Lower to Middle Jurassic rocks of Methow Terrane consist Yalakom fault (Riddell et al., 1993a). The Jurassic ::ocks of of mainly fine-grainedclastic sedimentary rocksof the Lad- Methow Terrane west of Chilko Lake are locally underlain ner Group, which inits upper part includes adistinctive as- by Upper Triassic shallow marine to nonmarine clastic semblage of upper Toarcian to Bajocian volcanic and rocks, including granitoid-bearing conglomerates, that

Bulletin IW 159 overlie quartz diorite plutons of early Late Triassic age Hozameen fault system (afterit is restored to a single fault (Schiarizzaetal., 1995; Schiarizza,1996).TheseUpperTri- by removing 70 to 80 kilometres of dextraloffset along )he assic rocks resemble parts of the Tyaughton Group (Cad- Fraser Riverfault) the ShulapsComplex and Coquihalla ser- wallader Terrane) in lithology and faunal content (Tipper, pentine belt are brought together(see Figure 31). Assuming 1969). which suggests the possibilitythat Cadwalladerand that this correlationis correct, the intimate. relationshipIbe- Methow terranes are different facies of a single arc - basin tween Cadwallader Terrane and the Bralorne-East Liza system. This is consistent with their shared paleogeographic Complex may reflect their imbrication withina wide dup lex position east of Bridge River Terrane, and the fact that both zone generated during obduction of the Shulaps ophioiite terranes include arc volcanics that are coeval with subduc- above CadwalladerTerrane. Alternatively, or in additim, tion-accretion tectonics withinthe Bridge River Complex. this intimate relationship may reflect a stratigraphic rda- tionship between Cadwallader Terrane and the Ikalorne- OPHIOLITIC ASSEMBLAGES East Liza Complex, which would indicate that the Late Paleozoicophiolitic rocks in the Taseko- Bridge Cadwallader and Methow terranes were deposited above the River maparea are assigned to either the Shulaps Ultramafic same or similar oceanic basement. Complex or the Bralorne-East Liza Complex. The Shulaps A model consistent with the structural relationshipsmd Complex includes most of the elements of a complete correlations summarized above has the Shulaps, 13ralome- ophiolite succession, but the original igneous stratigraphy East Liza and Coquihallacomplexes as part of an ocemic has been dismembered and largely inverted during struc- plate that originated to the east of a separate oceanic plate tural telescoping. The internal deformation was apparently from whichthe Bridge River Complex was derived.Trias- coincident with thrnstemplacementoftheShulapsComplex sic-Jurassic subduction of the Bridge River plate bencath above Cadwallader Terrane and the Bralorne-East Liz, the Shulaps plate formed the Bridge River accretion-mb- Complex, which lie beneaththe Shulaps complex acrossa duction complex, andalso generated the Late Triassic and southwest-vergent thrust system that is exposed near the Middle Jurassic arc magmatism that formed Cadwallader headwaters ofEast Liza Creek. Other external contacts are and Methow terraneson the overriding plate. younger strike-slip and normal faults relatedto theYalakom - Marshall Creek fault system. Greenstone, gabbro, diorite TYAUGHTON - METHOW BASIN and associated rocks of Bralome-East the Liza Complexare The Tyaughton - Methow basinis a belt of Jura-Cleta- imbricated with Cadwallader Terrane throughout the ceous clastic sedimentary rocks that occurs along the nmh- Taseko - Bridge River area(Figure 8). These rocks are cor- east side of the southeastern Coast- north Cascade orozen, related with plutonic blocks found within the Shulaps ser- where it was deposited above Bridge River, Cadwallader pentinite m6lange unit on the basis of lithologic similarity and Methow terranes.The basin developed in twodisinct and coincident isotopic ages. timeintervals.Theolderp~recordsarelativelylc~ngperiod Wright ef al., (1982) included the Shulaps and of predominantly shallow water marinedeposition in Late Bralorne-East Liza complexes in their Bridge River Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous time, that postdated a pro- Ophiolite assemblage, andPotter (1983, 1986) includedthe tracted episode of Triassic-Jurassic accretionary tectcmnics Shulaps Complex within Bridge River Terrane and inter- within the Bridge River Complex. Rocks depositedin this preted it to be a fragment of oceanic mantle and cmt that time interval are only locally exposed, in part becau!:e of formed the basement to the Bridge River Complex. The erosion represented by a widespread mid-Cretaceous un- structural relationships documented during the present conformity to disconformity (Schiarizza et al., 1995). The study, however,indicate that theShulaps and Bralorne-East upper pan of the basin comprises mid-Cretaceous syrtoro- Liza Complexesare thrust above and imbricatedwith Cad- genic clastic sedimentary rocks that were deposited amve wallader Terrane, and thattheBridge River Complex occurs this unconformity. These rocks were partitioned into two at a lower structural level, beneath Cadwallader Terrane, stratigraphically distinct sub-hasins, Tyaughton and within the southwest-vergent thruststack generated in mid- Methow, that were separated by an intervening landmass Cretaceous time. These relationships suggest that the Shu- uplifted during Cretaceous contractional deformation laps and Bralorne-East Liza complexes are not part of (Garver, 1989, 1992). Bridge River Terrane, hut, rather, represent oceanic crust Within the southeasternCoast - north Cascade omgen, that originated beneath,or east of, Cadwallader Terrane. the lower partof the Tyaughton- Methow basinis ktex- Greenstones and gabbros of the Bralome-East Liza posed in the Taseko - Bridge River map area, ,where it is Complex and Shulaps serpentinite melange unit are li- represented bytheRelay Mountain Group.The stratigmphic thologically and chemically similar to those of the Spider base of the groupis not exposed in this area ar hut,discussed Peak Formation and associated Coquihallaserpentine belt in Chapter 2, there is strong evidence that it was depcNsited which comprisethe basement to MethowTerrane in the East above the Bridge River Complex,and that the Bridge river Cascade fold belt (Ray, 1986). Derivation of the Shulaps Complex underliesthe main belt of Tyaughton basinrocks Complex from Methow Terrane is possible given that the that extends from the present study area northwestwud to Shulaps Complex is the structurally highest and presumably Chilko Lake. This interpretation implies correlation of the most easterly-derivedelement of the mid-Cretaceous thrust Relay Mountain Group with at least parts of the Cayoosh stack exposed west of the Yalakom fault. Furthermore, assemblage, which overlies the Bridge River Complex to when the 115 kilometres of dextral displacement known the south (Mahoney and Journeay, 1993; Journeayand Ma- from other correlations is restored along the Yalakom - honey, 1994).This correlation is supported by the lithologic __ 160 Geological Survey 1:rnch Ministry of Employment and Iuwstment

similarity between the basal unit of the Relay Mountain they link the terranes of the southeastern Coast Bdt with Group and the Gun Lake unit (Cayoosh assemblage) ex- those of the western CoastBelt and adjacent Insular Belt by posed inthe southern part of theTaseko - Bridge River map late Middle Jurassictime. area, andby the presenceof Lower Cretaceous Buchia-bear- Hauterivian volcanic and sedimentary rock.s, age- ing sandstones inthe upper part of the Cayoosh assemblage equivalent to the upper part of the Relay Mountain Group, farther to the southeast (Journeay and Mahoney, 1994). The occur within the Niut belt,where they are represented by the Jura-Cretaceous, Buchia-bearing Truax Creek conglomer- Ottarasko and Cloud Drifter formations (Figure 43; Rus- ate may also represent a Relay Mountain-correlative within moreandWoodsworth, 1989;MustardandvarIder€[eyden, the Cayoosh assemblage directly south of CarpenterLake, 1994). These rocks resemble age-equivalent volcanic and but, becauseit occurs as a fault-boundedlens, stratigraphic sedimentaq rocks of the Gambier assemblageth~: in south- relationships have not been established. western CoastBelt (Monger and Journeay, 1994). andmay Although the main belt of Tyaughton basin rocks withinalso correlate with part of the undated, but post-158 Ma, and northwest ofthe Taseko - Bridge Rivermap area is in- Cerulean Lake unit ofLillooet the Lake belt (Riddell, 1992). terpreted to have been deposited above the Bridge River They are distinguished from the Relay Mountain Group by Complex, Jura-Cretaceoussiltstones and fine-grained sand- theirvolcanic component, althoughatransitionalfaciesmay stones that are exposed locally inthe Camelsfoot thrust belt be preserved in the southern part ofthe Niut belt, between (Grouse Creek unit of this report) are in apparent strati- Taseko and Chilkolakes, where Hauterivian volcanic rocks graphic contact with Cadwallader Terrane. Furthermore,a interfinger with LowerCretaceous sedimentay rocks simi- separate belt of Relay Mountain Group rocks that is well lar to the Relay Mountain Group (Tipper, 1978; McLaren, exposed 100 kilometres northwestof the type area, between 1990). The Tosh Creek unit of the presentstudy ammay Chilko and Tatlayoko lakes (Tipper, 1969a; Figure 39), is represent a part of this transitional facies, but it night be in stratigraphic contact with MiddleJurassic rocks that are younger and correlate with volcanic-derived unib: of the correlated with the DewdneyCreek Formation of Methow Taylor Creek Group. Nevertheless,these relationships sug- Terrane (Schiarizza e? al., 1995). Correlative Late Jurassic gest that in Hauterivian time, arc-related volcanic andsedi- Buchia-bearing sandstones also occur within the Methow mentary rocks in the southwestern Coast Belt and western Terrane belt of the Eastern Cascades fold belt, where they part of the southeastern Coast Belt were transitional east- were assigned to the Thunder Lake sequence by O'Brien ward into purely sedimentary rocks deposited in the upper (1986, 1987) and inferred to disconformably overlie the part of the Relay Mountain Groupof the Tyaughtcn basin Ladner Group. Within the same belt, however, a separate (Umhoefer er al., 1994). interval of Upper Jurassic argillites containing thin Buchia- The upper part of theTyaugbton - Methow ba.,' con- ('In bearing sandstone horizons is included within the Ladner sists of thick sequences ofsynorogenic clastic sedimentary Group and inferredto represent the upper partof a continu- rocks that were deposited during mid-Cretaceous contrac- ous Lower to Upper Jurassic sedimentary interval (Ray, tional deformation.These rocks occuras two distiuc!.assem- 1986). blages of contrasting lithology and stratigraphy, hat are The aboverelationships indicate that the Relay Moun- inferred to have been deposited in two sub-.basins parti- tain Group andcorrelative rocks overlap Methow, Cadwal- tioned by an intervening highland that was upliftec! during lader and Bridge River terranes. Age-equivalent rocks are mid-Cretaceoustectonism(Figure41; Garver, 1989,1992). largely absent from the westem part of the southeastem The eastern, Methow sub-basin wasfilled mainly from the Coast Belt (Niut and Lillooet Lake belts of Figure 39)al- east, but locally received detritus shed fromthe intervening though correlatives may occur locally, as Joumeay and Ma- highland to the west.The western, Tyaughton sub-basin was honey (1994) suggest that an undated succession of also infitled from both sides, and includes deposits that were volcaniclastic sandstones andsiltstones within the Lillooet derived from the same eastern sourceas the Methow partof Lake belt may comprise part of the Cayoosh assemblage the basin, which must have bypassed the intra.basina1 high- (Figure 40). Rocksthat may correlate with the Relay Moun- land. tain Group occur locally withinsouthwesternCoastBelt, the Mid-Cretaceous rocks in the Tyaugbton partol'the ba- where theycomprise the Mysterious Creek,BillhookCreek, sin are represented by the TaylorCreekcroup andoverlying Peninsula and lower Brokenback Hill formations of Harri- Silverquick formation, which were deposited abwe the son Terrane (Arthur et al., 1993). These upper Middle Ju- Bridge River Complex and Relay MountainCiroup. Within rassic to Lower Cretaceous rocksinclude shales, sandstones the Taseko - Bridge River map area, these mid-Cretaceous and conglomeratesthat are lithologically similarto the Re- rocks have been subdivided into 6 informal interfingering lay Mountain Group, but the succession also contains vol- units that represent 3 distinct petrofacies (Garvel; 1989, canic tuffs and breccias thatare not present within the Relay 1992). The volcanic petrofacies, includingthe Paradise and Mountain Group. Theyrest stratigraphically abovethe Har- Elbow Pass formations, was derivedfrom a western source rison Lake Formation, whichis intruded bythe easternmost terrane dominatedby intermediate volcanic rocks, probably representatives of a suite of Late Jurassic plutons that ex- represented by Hauterivian to Albian volcanicrocks of the tends across theentire southwestern Coast Belt, and intrudesGambier Groupandcorrelatives, which outcropin the west- rocks of WrangelliaTerrane along the western marginof the em Coast Belt and the western partof the southeaste~nCoast belt (Nelson, 1979; Monger, 1991a; Monger and Journeay, Belt (McLaren, 1990; Monger, 1993; Arthur et al., 1993; 1994). Therefore, if the rocks overlyingthe Harrison Lake Umhoefer eral., 1994; Lynch, 1995).The cherty petzofacies Formation do correlate with the Relay Mountain Group, includes theDash andSilverquickformationsand theBeece

- Bulletin IW I61 British Columbia

W Cadwallader, River, Bridge Shulaps E

J

Volcanicpetrotawes

=Cherty petrofacies Arkosic petrofacies

Figure 41. Schematic summary of the tectonic setting and inferred sediment sourcesof mid-Cretaceous rocksin the Tyaughton Methow basin. after Gamer (1989,1992).

Creek succession. Provenance and paleocurrent data indi- Niut Belt, external contacts are mainly faults, and strati- cate that these rocks were derived from a source terrain to graphic ties witholder rocks of the beltare notdocumented. the east that was underlain by the Bridge River Complex Upper Cretaceous volcanicrocks of the PoweIl Cmzk (Figure 41). In addition to detritus supplied from the Bridge formation stratigraphicallyoverlie themid-Cretaceous clas- River Complex, however, the Silverquick formation and tic rocks of the Tyaughton suh-hasin, with basal contxts Beece Creek succession also contain a significant propor- that range from conformable to markedly unconfomal~le. tion of sandstone clasts. Some of these resemble the Upper The most extensive exposures ofthe formation extend from Triassic Hurley Formation of Cadwallader Terrane, and the presentstudy area to ChilkoLake, on the northeastside some were probably derivedfrom the underlying Lizardfor- of the Tchaikazan fault. Exposures ofmore limited extent mation, indicating more than one pulse of uplift along the occur alongthe southwest side of the fault, west of Chilko eastern margin of the basin (Garver, 1989, 1992). The ark- Lake, and alongthe KlinakliniRiverin the northwest corner osic petrofacies of the Tyaughton sub-basinis represented of Figure 40 (McLaren, 1990; Rusmore and Woodsworth, by the Lizard formation. Provenance studies, includingfis- 1993; Mustard et al.. 1994; Schiarizza etal., 199.5). These sion-track dating of detrital zircons, indicate that these ark- rocksmayrepresentthefinalpulseofCretaceousarc-relzted osic turbidites were derived from samethe source terrainas volcanism within the southern Coast TheirBelt. distribution the much thicker arkosic deposits of the Methow sub-basin suggests a general eastward migration ofthe main, locu!; of to theeast (Garver, 1989, 1992;GarverandBrandon, 1994). this volcanism through time, as they are deposited abve suggesting that the highland separating the two sub-basins predominantly sedimentiuy rocks of the Tyaughton basin, which apparentlypass westward into Hauterivian Lo Allian was locally bypassed. volcanic-dominated successions represented by western ex- The Taylor Creek Group outcrops continuously from posures of the Taylor CreekGroup and the Gambier Grcup. the Taseko - Bridge River area northwestward to Chilko Lake. The northwestern poaion of the belt is cornposed Mid-Cretaceous rocks of the Methow sub-basin are mainly of shales and chert-bearing sandstones and conglom- characterized by thickdeposits of easterly-derived arkosic erates that are lithologicallysimilar to the Beece Creek suc- sandstone, and conglomeratecontaining granitoid and vol- cession of the Taseko - Bridge River area (Riddell et al., canicc1asts.TheserocksmakeupmostoftheJackassMoun- 1993a; Schiarizza et al., 1995). The belt is truncated to the tain Group, whichoccurs throughout the sub-basin,as vel1 north by a fault-bounded belt of Cadwallader Terrane, and as the predominantly nonmarine Pasayten Group, wt.ich thin interveningslivers of Bridge River Complex and Relayoverlies the Jackass Mountain Group inthe Canadian 1101- tion of the EasternCascades Fold Belt (Coates, 1974; Mon- Mountain Group.Since the lattertwounits areknown torest ger, 1989).Rockscorrelative with theJackassMountain md stratigraphically beneath theTaylor Creek Group in the pre-Pasayten groups in northern WashingtonState include the sent study area, they are inferred to underlie the group within Goat Creek,Panther Creek and HartsPass formations, and this entire belt. A separate belt of Taylor Creek rocks out- the Winthrop sandstone (Barksdale, 1975; McGroderet al., crops on the southwest sidethe of Tchaikazan faultfiom the 1990). The arkosic rocks of the Methow sub-basin are western part of the present study area to beyond Tatlayoko mainly Albian in age, although includethey somewhato:der Lake (Figure 40; McLaren, 1990; Rusmore and and younger strata in placesWcGrcder et al., 1990). South- Woodsworth, 1993;Mustardetal., 1994). This beltincludes west of the Yalakomfault, near Chilko and Tatlayoko lrkes abundant felsic, intermediate and local mafic volcanic (Figure 40). arkosic rocks makeup the entire Jackass Mc un- rocks, as well as shales, lithic sandstones and chert-beaxing tain Group and rest either directly above Middle Jurassic pebble conglomerates. Althoughthese rocks extend into the rocks of Methow Terrane,or above an interveningsliver of

- 162 Geological Sumy Bnrnch of Employmenf and In1,eshnenr ~~~~ ~ ~~ ~~~ ~~ ~~~~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ Ministry

Upper Jurassic Relay Mountain Group locally preserved verquickbe- formations, respectively. This correlation is sup- neath a sub-Jackass Mountain Group unconformity ported by the compositionand available age constrhts of (Schiarizza et ai., 1995). Farther to the southeast, however, the chert-bearing units,as well as by the overlying stratigra- the arkoses generally overlie an interval of Lower Creta- phy, as the Ventura membergrades upwards into andesitic ceous volcanic-lithic sandstones, conglomerates and asso- volcanic breccias and flows of the Midniibt Peak Forma- ciated finer grained rocks thatare included inthe basal part tion, which is correlated with the Powell Creek fo~mation of the Jackass Mountain Group (UnitsIKJMyl and lac1 oftheTyaughtonsub-basin.Corre1ationofthechert-bearing of this report; DivisionA of Duffell and McTaggart, 1952 units implies that uplift within the tectonic highland that andTrettin,1961;Unit7andpartofUnitSofCoates,1974). partitioned the Tyaughton - Methow basin in mit.-Creta- These basal rocks of the Jackass Mountain Group range ceous time occurred in at least two distinct pulses. Each from Hauterivian to Aptian in age. They, at least inmay part, pulse was recorded in chert-rich clastic detritus, derived record the initial emergence of the eastern source terrane, from Bridge RiverTerrane, that was shed, simultaeously, prior to the majoruplift and unroofing of the metamorphic into both the western (Tyaughton) and eastern (Methow) and plutonic rocks that supplied detritus to the overlying sub-basins (Figure 41). arkoses within the Jackass Mountain Group (Garver,1989, An interesting aspect of the mid-CretaceousTy:mghton 1992). Relationships may he more complex, however, as - Methow basinis that, while theTyaughton portion of the their ages partially overlap those of Hauterivianand Barre- basin was deposited above Bridge River Terrane and the mian(?) rocks in the upper part of the Relay Mountain Methow portionabove Methow Terrane,there is nc. known Group, whichat the northwest end theof Methow sub-basin stratigraphic contact between the mid-Cretaceous clastic were deposited at the end of a protracted ofJura-Cre-period mcks and CadwalladerTerrane. Furthermore, Cadwallader taceous Relay Mountain sedimentation, then partially Terrane is only very locally overlain by Jura-Cretaceous eroded priorto deposition of the Jackass Mountain arkoses clastic sedimentary rocks that probably correlate with the (Schiarizza ef al., 1995). older part of the Tyaughton- Methow basin (Grouse Creek Paleocurrent data, thickness variations and facies rela- unit of this study). However, the mid-Cretaceous locks of tionships indicate that the arkosic sediments of the Methowthe Tyaughton basin contain detritus that can be linked to sub-basin were derived from the east to northeast (Cole, Cadwallader Terrane,as well as ophiolitic detritus I hat was 1973; Coates, 1974: Kleinspehn, 1982, 1985).Provenance presumably derived from the Shulaps and 13ralorne-East studies, includingfission-track analyses of detrital zircons, Liza complexes (Garver, 1989, 1992).These observations, indicate that the sourcearea included contemporaneousvol- as well as the present position of Cadwallader Terrane, canic rocks as well as metamorphic rocks and S-type plu- structurally above the Tyaughton basin and Bridge River tonic rocks (Cole, 1973;Garver, 1992; Gamer and Brandon, Terrane, suggest that Cadwallader Terraneand aswciated 1994). A common interpretation is that the arkosic sedi- ophiolitic rocks occurred mainly withinthe tectonic ally up- ments were derivedfrom highlands within thepresently ad- lifted zone that separatedthe Tyaughton and Methow basins jacent Intermontane Belt, including the Early Cretaceous (Figure 41); mid-Cretaceous rocks mayneverhavelxen de- Okanogan - Spences Bridge arc, and/or from the Omineca posited and older deposits may have been lar,sely removed Crystalline Belt farther east (Coates, 1974; Kleinspehn, by erosion during mid-Cretaceous uplift. 1985; Thorkelson and Smith, 1989; Gamer, 1992: Hurlow and Nelson, 1993). However, these interpretations are not consistent with recent sets of tilt-corrected paleomagnetic REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF :MAIN data, which suggest that the southeastern Coast Belt lay DEFORMATIONAL EPISODES about 2000 km south of the presently adjacent Intermontane Belt in mid-Cretaceous time (Ague and Brandon, 1992; THE QUESTIONOF MIDDL.E JURASSIC Wynne et aE., 1995; Irving ef al., 1995). A mid-Cretaceous DEFORMATION AND TERRANE reconstruction of the southern Coast Belt based on these AMALGAMATION paleomagnetic data places it at the latitudeofnorthern Mex- Potter (1983, 1986)suggested that deformation within ico, where a possible sourcefor the easterly-derived arkoses Bridge River Terrane began in Middle Jurassic tirne. Spe- of the Methow basin mightbe the PeninsularRanges batho- cific events that he assigned tothe Middle Jurassic included lith of southern California, which also restores to this mid- obduction of the Shulaps Ultramafic Complex (u,hich he Cretaceous paleolatitude (Garver and Brandon, 1994; interpreted as basement to the Bridge RiverCompl- =x ) over Cowan, 1994). theBridgeRiverschists,andthmstimbricationofth~:Bridge In the Eastern Cascades Fold Belt, westerly-derived RiverComplex along “ducti1e”faultzonesthat fomjedprior chert-bearing sandstones and conglomerates interfinger to complete litbificationof Triassic to Middle Jurassic cherts with easterly-derived arkoses of the Methow sub-basin at and mudstones in the assemblage.I!usmore two different stratigraphic levels. Theyare best exposed in (1985, 1987)noted that the Cadwallader Group wzs imbri- northern WashingtonState, where they comprise the Middlecated with the BridgeRiver and Shulaps cornplex8:s along to Late Albian VirginianRidge Formation and the Late Al- the western margin of the and, atxepting bian to Cenomanian Ventura memberof the Potter’s argumentsfor Jurassic deformation ofBridge River Formation (Cole, 1973; Tennyson and Cole,1978; Trexler, Terrane, suggested that Bridge River and Cadwalladder ter- 1984, 1985;McGroder ef al., 1990). Garver (1989, 1992) ranes were amalgamated by thrustingin the Middle.furassic. correlates these chert-bearing units with the Dish and Sil- Rusmore (1985) further speculated that the Eldondo fault

- Bulletin 100 I63 British Columbia _-

might be a structure similar to the Shulaps thrust andmay the basementto Methow and(?) Cadwalladerterranes rather have formedduring the Middle Jurassic juxtaposition of the than Bridge River Terrane. Bridge River and Cadwallader terranes. Rusmore ef al. Potter (1983, 1986) suggested that detrital euhecral (1988) suggested that Bridge River and Cadwalladerterra- chromite found in lower Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) sand- nes were mutuallyjuxtaposed and accretedto the Intermon- stone beds in fault contact with the eastern margin of he tane terrane theMiddlein Jurassic. Theycitedthe arguments Shulaps Ultramafic Complex might have been derived from of Potter (1983, 1986) and Rusmore (1985, 1987), and fur- the complex, and therefore record its uplift and erosim. ther suggestedthat the Relay Mountain Group mightbe an These sandstones are now assignedto Methow Terrane(unit overlap assemblage deposited unconformably above both ImJys). Theyare separated from the adjacent Shulaps Ccm- Cadwallader and Bridge River terranes after their amalga- plex bythe Yalakom fault, and therefore restoreto a posit.on mation. They pointed out that this model allowed, but did about 115 kilometres northwest of the Shulaps exposures. not require, correlation of the Cadwallader Terrane with Nevertheless, as ophiolitic rocks of the Shulaps Complex Stikinia and the Bridge River Complex with the western beltand Coqnihalla serpentine belt are thought to represent Ihe of the Cache Creek Terrane. Rusmore and Woodsworth basement of Methow Terrane, the chromite might reflect (1991a) expanded on this point, and suggested that the local upliftof this oceanic basement during arc-related tx- Bridge River Complex and western Cache Creek Terrane tonism. It does not reflect tectonism relatedto closure ofthe were part ofa single ocean basin that closed in MiddleJu- Bridge River ocean basin, becausecherts imbricated wit2in rassic time, resulting in the final accretion of an outboard the northern part of the Bridge River Complex are n3w Stikine-Cadwallader island arc to the western margin of known to be at least as young as upper Callovian (Cortley North America. and Schiarizza, 1993). The present study provides the first detailed systematic Rusmore (1985, 1987) suggested thatrocks of the C,ad- mapping that encompasses the type areas of Cadwallader wallader Group in the western Shulaps Range occurred andBridge River terranes,the ShulapsUltramafic Complex, along the northern extension of Potter’s (1983, 1986)Sllu- and the Tyaughton basin.It revises manyearlier interpreta- laps thrust. Acceptinga Middle Jurassicage for imbricat:on tions regarding the stratigraphic relationships between the of the Shulaps and BridgeRiver complexesalong thisstmc- Tyaughton basin and older rocks, the agesof structures in ture, she used the presence of Cadwalladerrocks alongit. to the area, and the terrane affinities of ophiolitic rocks. Spe- infer that Cadwallader andBridge River terraneswere jux- cifically, many structures that were thought to be Jurassic taposedduringMiddle Jurassicthrusting. Our study hascon- by the workers citedabove are assigned here to the mid-Cre-firmed that the Shulaps Complex is thrust above taceous. In the following paragraphs we evaluate the evi- Cadwallader Terrane in the westernShulaps Range, but we dence for Middle Jurassic deformation and terrane suggest that this west-directed thrusting was a mid-Creta- amalgamation presented by previous workers, and summa- ceous ratherthan a Middle Jurassic event. Although the (de- rize whatis known of the Middle Jurassic tectonic evolutionformation is not well dated the in Shulaps Range it is infened of the area in thecontext of more recent data and interpre- to have been coincident with westerly-directed thrust-imbri- tations. cation of Cadwallader Terraneand ophiolitic rocks of :he Bralome-East Liza Complexelsewhere within the map area. The MiddleJurassic age for obduction of the Shulaps These thrusts are constrainedto be post-Valanginian in he UltramaficComplex, as interpreted by Potter (1983, 1986). western Camelsfoot Range, where theyalso imbricate clas- is the main pieceof evidence advanced infavour of Middle tic sedimentary rocks of the Grouse Creek unit. They ,ue Jurassic deformation and terrane amalgamation. Potter in- inferred tobe mid-Cretaceous because thisis the age of wt:ll- ferred an inverted metamorphic gradient in Bridge River dated west-vergent contractionalstructureselsewherein he schists beneaththe Shulaps Complex, and suggestedthat the region, and because the mid-Cretaceous Silverquick fornla- metamorphic heat source was hot upper mantle of the ob- tion is the oldest component of the Tyaughtou basin ilat ducted Shulaps Complex. He reasoned that the thrusting wascontains detritus that canbe linked to Cadwallader Terrane Jurassic in age in order for the Shulaps allochthon to be and associatedophiolitic rocks. TheBridge RiverComp: ex rooted in a high heat-flow setting related to subsea volcan- typically occurs beneath the Cadwallader Terrane within ism in the Triassic-Middle Jurassic Bridge River basin. this west-vergent thrust system, suggesting that Bridge More recent work hasestablished, however, that most of theRiver Terrane originated west ofthe Cadwallader Terrme. metamorphism anddeformation of the Bridge Riverschists This paleogeographic arrangementdoes not support corre- was Eocene in age, and that the schists were exhumed and lation of the Cadwallader - Bridge River couplet with juxtaposed against the overlying Shulaps Complexalong a Stikine and Cache Creek terranes,as suggested by Rusmore system of normal faults related to the Yalakom - Mmhall ef 01. (1988) and Rusmore and Woodsworth (19511a). be- Creekdextral strike-slip fault system.Theapparent inverted cause Stikine Terrane occurs westof Cache Creek Terrane. metamorphic gradients noted by Potter (1983, 1986), be- Therefore, the Middle Jurassic amalgamation of Cache neath hisinferred Middle JurassicShulaps thrust, are there- Creek and Stikine terranes (Monger et al., 1982; Cordey ef fore interpreted to be the result of juxtaposition across al., 1987, and references therein)cannot beused as indirtxt Eocene normal, thrust, and dextral strike-slip faults,as dis- evidence supporting a similar timing for thrust-imbrication cussed in Chapter 3. Furthermore ophiolitic rocks of the of Cadwallader and Bridge River terranes. Shulaps Complex are now known to be Late Paleozoic, Rusmore et al. (1988) and Umhoefer (1989)sugges~ed rather thanTriassic - Jurassic, andare interpreted as part of that deformation associated withthe Middle Jurassic amal-

.~ _- I64 Geological Survey Branch ~ ~~~ ~~

gamation of the Bridge River and Cadwallader terranes is tic sedimentary rocksof the Relay Mountain Group, which reflected by anangular unconformity between Cadwallader were apparently depositedabove the Bridge River C omplex Terrane and overlying Upper Jurassic rocks of the (Chapter 2), display a coherent stratigraphy and are there- Tyaughton basin.This unconformity was inferredfrom ex- foreinferred to postdate thesubduction-relateddeformation posures on the northside of Ridgeiiult, about within the northern part of the complex. 3 kilometres southwest of Relay Mountain. There, expo- Potter (1983, 1986) used the presence of granitic and sures of the Lowerto Middle JurassicLast Creekformation metamorphic clasts in lower Upper Jurassic (Oxibrdian) of Cadwallader Terrane display numerous tight folds, conglomerate of the Relay Mountain Group (Jeletzky and whereas adjacent rocksof the lower unitof the Relay Moun- Tipper, 1968) as supporting evidence for Mi.ddle .Jurassic tain Group face away from theolder formation andare gen- deformation within the region. Rusmoreet al., (19B) reit- erally homoclinal, with only a few mesoscopic folds. The eratedthispointandalsospeculatedthattheRelayMountain interpretation thatthe Relay Mountain Group was depositedGroup mightbe an overlap assemblagedeposited urconfor- above an angular unconformity hinges on the assumption mably above both Cadwallader andBridge Itiver terranes that its contact with the adjacent Last Creek formation is after their amalgamation. The present study indicates that stratigraphic. However,theLastCreekformationinthis area there is no preservedstratigraphic contact at the bwe of the is most likely an offset remnant of the more extensive ex- Relay Mountain Group within the Taseko - Bridge River posures of CadwalladerTerranethat occursoutb of theFor- map area. On thehasis ofindirect evidence we infer thatthe tress Ridge fault, where it is juxtaposed above the Relay Mountain Group wasmost likely deposited abovethe Tyaughton basin and Bridge River Complex acrossa major Bridge River Complex, although correlative rocks in the system of thrust faults (Figure 3). The small area of Last Camelsfoot Range (the Grouse Creek unit) may have been Creek formation northof the Fortress Ridge fault is there- deposited above CadwalladerTerrane, and those nearTat- fore interpreted as a klippe that structurally overlies theRe- layoko Lake to the nolthwest are in stratigraphic contact lay Mountain Group, rather thaninlier an of older rocks that with Methow Terrane. Wetherefore concur with Rasmore stratigrapbically underlies the group, and the apparent struc-et al., that the Relay Mountain Group overlap!;at 1e;ist parts tural disparity betweenthe two unitsis probably a reflection of Bridge River, Cadwallader and Methow terrane;. How- of hangingwall versusfootwall deformation patterns within ever, the Relay Mountain Groupdoes not resembb: an ab- this part of the thrustsystem. Furthermore, indirect evidence normally thick syn-or post-tectonic basinalassembhge, and suggests that the Relay Mountain Group in this area was is not known to contain detritus derived from the Bridge probably depositedabove Bridge RiverTerrane rather than River Complex, theShulaps Complex or any of the distinc- Cadwallader Terrane (see Chapter 2). The only Tyaughton tivelithologies withinCadwalladerTerrane Ch:lpter%). basin deposits here inferred to have been deposited above Furthermore, the earlyto mid Mesozoic phase ofaccretion- Cadwallader Terraneare those of the Grouse Creek unit in ary tectonics that pre-dated deposition of theRela). Moun- the western Camelsfoot Range.There is no obvious angular tain Group did not completelyclose the BridgeRivtx basin, discordance betweenthe Grouse Creek siltstonesandunder- because continuous sedimentation is recorded ac:oss the lying Cadwallader Terrane, but such a relationship would contact between the Bridge River Complex and overlying be difficult to discern due to the limited strike-length ex- Jura-Cretaceous Cayoosh assemblage south of 3tseko the - posed and the intensity of Cretaceous deformation. Bridge River map area (Mahoney and Jonrneaj, 1993; Middle Jurassic deformation within Bridge RiverTer- Journeay and Mahoney, 1994). Finalclosure may ht: related rane was postulated by Potter (1983, 1986) mainly on the to a younger pulseof subduction-related deformaticn that is basis of his model for Shulaps thrusting which,as indicated indicated by Early Cretaceous blueschists of the Cayoosh- above, is no longer considered valid. As corroborative evi- correlative(?) Shuksan Terrane of the North Cnscadl: Moun- deuce, however, he pointed to “ductile” fault zones within tains (Monger. 1991b; Monger and Journeay, 1991). This Triassic and Jurassic mudstone andchert of the Bridge River closure culminated in the midto early Late Cretaceous con- Complex, which were inferred to pre-date complete lithifi- tractional deformation that characterizes the southeastern cation of the rocks. He suggested several scenarios that Coast - north Cascades orogen, and resulted in the deposi- might account for this style of deformation, including de- tion of voluminous detritus derived from the uplilted and formation withina subduction complex.Our work confirms eroded Bridge River Complex in the synologenic that the Bridge River Complexis characterized by complex Tyaughton - Methow basin (Garver, 1989, 1992). outcrop-scale faulting, and consequently does notexhibit a In summary, Middle Jurassic deformation within the coherent stratigraphy. Subsequent work has also docu- Taseko - Bridge River area is documented only within the mented a much wider age range for the complex than rec- Bridge River Complex, andis a component of a pratracted ognized by Potter, and has led to the discovery of Triassic episodeof MiddleTriassic to late Middle Jurassic accretion- blueschists withinit. The intricate network of structuresthat ary tectonics withina subduction zone.The presenccofLate characterize the Bridge River Complex are therefore inter- Triassic and Middle Jurassic arc-derived rocks within Cad- preted to reflect its accumulation withinan accretion -sub- wallader and Methow Terranessuggests that this dcforma- duction complex. This style of deformation apparently tion represents offscraping at a convergent plate margin operated, either continuously orintermittently, from thelate where Bridge River oceanic crust subducted eastward be- Middle Triassic (the age of Bridge River hlueschists)to lat- neath an adjacentoceanic plate that developed the Cadwal- est Middle Jurassic (the age of the youngest known cherts lader and Methow arc sequences. Howevw, this to be imbricated withinthe complex). Jura-Cretaceous clas- subduction-related deformation did not culminate in com-

_” Bulletin 100 165 Brifish Columbia .__

plete closure of the Bridge River basin, and did not involve The fault systems in the Taseko - Bridge River area either uplift and thrust-imbrication of Bridge River rocks reflect an important episode of mid-Cretaceous contrac- withadjacentterranesorobductionofophio1iticrocks.Clas- tional deformation that is well documented throughout the tic deposition within the Tyaughton - Methow basin was southeastern Coast - north Cascades orogen (Figure 42). initiated in Late Middle Jurassic time, and overlapped de- However, theEldoradofault systemis theonlystructnre that formed Bridge River rocksalong this convergent marginas has been traced for any distance beyond the study area. It well as adjacent arc sequencesof Cadwallader and Methow continues southeastwardto the Fraser Riverfault, 130 kilo- terranes. Partially coeval, butfiner grained clastic rocksof metres southeast of Bralorne, as the Bralorne - Kwo:ek theCayooshassemblageweredepositedconformably above Creek fault system (Woodsworth, 1977; Rusmore, 19:%5; relatively undeformed Bridge River rocks withinthat part Monger, 1986; Journeay, 1990). This system, which is lo- of the basin that remained opento the south.This initiation cally up to several kilometres wide, comprises an anasto- of sustained clastic sedimentation within the Tyaughton - mosing network of east to northeast-dipping faults f3at Methow basin and Cayoosh assemblage may reflect the nar-imbricate Bridge River Complex, Cayoshassemblage md, rowing of the Bridge River basin related tothe emergence in the north, Cadwallader Terrane and Bralorne-EIast Liza or amval of the western CoastBelt, as discussed in the final Complex (Monger and Joumeay, 1994). Individual fault section of this chapter. Final closure of the Bridge River strands generally dip east to northeast. They cut two sets of basin, coupled with uplift and erosionof Bridge River Ter- southwest-vergent folds, and commonly place highly rane and its thrust-imbrication with Cadwallader Terrane strained hanging wall rocks abovea less deformed Ibotw;ill, and associated ophiolitic rocks, occurred in Early to mid- suggesting that they ramped upsectionto the southwest from Cretaceous time.This eventis documented by the timingof deeper tectonic levels (Journeay, 1990; Journeay ef d., contractional faults in the areaas well as by the stratigraphic 1992). record preserved in the upper part of the Tyaughton - Althoughnomap-scalemid-Cretaceous structuresheve Methow basin. been traced northwestward fromthe Taseko - Bridge River area, mesoscopic folds that mayhe of this ageoccur within MID-CRETACEOUS CONTRACTIONAL the Taylor Creek Group in a continuous belt that exter ds DEFORMATION from the present study area to Chilko Lake. A mid-Creta- The systems of mid-Cretaceous contractional faults and ceous age for these structuresis based on recognitionof the folds that are exposed in different parts of the Taseko - angularunconformitythat separates theTaylorCreekGroup Bridge River map area(Figure 19) are thought to comprise from the overlying Powell Creek formation as far to Ihe segments of the same Cretaceous thrust belt that has been northwest as the north end of Taseko Lake (Riddell ef d., disrupted and deformed by later strike-slip related struc- 1993a). Justto the north of this belt are rocks belonging to tures. The persistent stacking order that is apparent wher- Cadwallader Terrane andthe BridgeRiver Complex, which ever these early structures are recognized suggests that, outcrop east of Chilko Lake, between the Konni L,ake and prior to this late deformation, imbricated Cadwallader Ter- Taseko faults (Figure 42). Mesoscopic folds that defo~m rane and Bralorne-East Liza Complex comprised a large these rocks are also inferred to be of mid-Cretaceous age, thrust sheet that lay above footwall Bridge River Complex as this belt is interpreted to be the offset counterpart of the and Tyaughton basin across much of the map area. This Cameisfoot thrust belt (Riddellef al., 1993a). thrust sheet was in turn overlain by the Shulaps Ultramafic Journeay and Friedman (1993)describe early Late C1.e- Complex, which is presently exposed only in the northern taceous southwest-directed thrust faultsthe in Lillooet Lake Shulaps Range. Deformation was predominantly south- - Hamson Lake area, and refer to them as the Coast B:lt west-vergent, although northeast-directed structures occur thrust system (Figure42). These structures formed inearli- locally. The southwest-vergent structures are best dated in est Late Cretaceous time, coincident with late Albian to the Gun Creek - Elbow Mountain thrust belt, where they early Cenomanian thrusting within the Taseko - Bridge deform Albian rocks, but predate depositionof the Cenoma- River area, 100 kilometres to the north (stage 2 of Figure nian and younger Powell Creek formation, and intrusionof 24). The foreland of the Coast Beltthrust system comprises the 92 Ma Dickson- McClure batholith.Some of the defor- predominantly east-dipping thrust faults thatimbricate Hx- mation is older, however, as detritus in the Albian Taylor rison Terrane and correlative rocksof the western CoastB(:lt Creek Group records uplift and erosion of the underlying (Figure 40). The timeof thrusting is bracketed by late and Bridge River Complex and Relay Mountain Group,as well post-kinematic plutons which yield U-Pb zircon dates of as source terrains to the west and east (Garver, 1989).Still 94r2 Ma and 91 +4/-3 Ma, respectively (Journeay and earlier pulses of Cretaceous deformation may be reflected Friedman, 1993). The foreland belt is structurally overlain in the angularunconformitybetween Hauterivian shales and by an imbricate zoneof folded thrust sheetsthat are cut by underlying Jurassic rocks of the Relay Mountain Group high-angle near reverse faults. These thrust sheets include green- Lorna Lake, and a 130 Ma date from the first step of an schist to amphibolite facies metavolcanic and metasedimen- Ar-Ar step-heating age spectrum for Bridge River tary rocks assigned the to Slollicum and Twin Islandschiss, blueschists atthe head of North Cinnabar Creek. The young-which may correlate with Upper Jurassic and LowerCreta- est structures to form within this protracted episode oECre- ceous rocks of Hamson Terrane (Journeay and Friedman, taceous deformation include northeast-dipping reverse and 1993). They extend along strike to the northwest .into Uie reverse-sinistral faults of the Eldorado system, which prob- Lillooet Lake beltof figures 39 and 40, which includes Up- ably formed between91 and 86 Ma. per Triassic rocks that have been assigned to Cadwallader

I66 Geological Survey Bran.rh ~~

Minisiry ofEmployment andlnvesiment ~. .

4

I KILOMETRES

~~

Figure 42. Map showing the distribution of midCretaceous contractional fault systems within the southeastern- north Coast Cascades orogen. BFS=Bralorne fault system; CF=Camelsfoot fault: KCF=Kwoiek Creek fault; KLF=Konni Lake fault; PRS=Potatc Range syncline; TF=Taseko fault.H=Hope; LLillooet; P=Pemberton; V=Vancouver. Sources of informationare indicated in the text.

Bulletin IW 167 British Columbia __

Terrane, as well as overlying Lower to Middle Jurassic rocks autochthonous or parautochthonons beneath the structurally that have beencorrelated with the Harrison Lake Formation overlying elements of the thrust system. These rocks are (Jonrneay and Mahoney, 1994; Monger and Journeay, correlated witb Jurassic andCretaceous volcanic and cla:itic 1994). Synkinematic plutons emplaced during the early sedimentary rocks of HarrisonTerrane within the sontharn stage of thrusting within the imbricate belt have yieldedU- part of the western CoastBelt just to the north (McGrotler, Pb zircon dates of 97+1 Ma and 96 +6/-3 Ma, whereas the 1991; Mongerand Jonrneay, 1994). Structural relationships later stage of reverse faulting is bracketed by the emplace- within the northern are therefore rnnch the ment of synkinematic and postkinematic plutons with U-Pbsame as in the southern Coast Belt, where strongly imbri- zircon dates of 96 +6/-3 Ma and 94 +6/-5 Ma, respectively cated and metamorphosed assemblages of the easternCcast (Jonrneay and Friedman, 1993). The imbricate zone is Belt (including Bridge RiverTerrane and Cayoosh assem- bounded to the northeastby a major northeast-dipping duc- blage) were thrust westward over a relatively more rigid tile shear zone referred to as the Central Coast Belt detach- block comprising the western CoastBelt (including Hami- ment (Jonrneay and Friedman, 1993). The hinterland son Terrane). McGroder (1991)suggests that this relatively portion of the Coast Belt thrust system, in the hangingwall rigid western block (his Greater Insular Terrane) extends of this shear zone, consistsof folded and thrust-imbricated eastward into the Cascade Metamorphic Core, where it is amphibolite-grade metamorphic rocks of the Cogburn represented by the Skagit gneiss and Cascade River schist Creek Group and Settler schist, which are correlated with (Misch, 1966), which he interprets to occupy the deepest the Bridge River Complex and Cayoosh assemblage, re- structural level of the core. Incontrast to structurally over- spectively (Journeay and Friedman, 1993; Monger and lying rocks (correlated with Bridge River Terrane 2nd Journeay, 1994). SynkinematicBarrovianmetamorphismof Cayoosh assemblage), which were uplifted shortly alter these rocks and those of the underlying imbricate zone is metamorphism in the Late Cretaceous, these underlying attributed to tectonic burial associated with the stackingof rocks probably remained at relativelydeep crustal levels un- thrust sheets, coincident with the emplacementof synkine- til early Tertiary time, as demonstrated by K-Ar dates on matic mid-Cretaceous plutons of the Spuzzum suite at biotite (McGroder, 1991). depths of 20 to 30 kilometres (Journeay, 1990; Journeay and Mid-Cretaceous contractional deformationis also well Friedman, 1993). Subsequent uplift was followed by a documented in the Eastern Cascades foldbelt,to the eastof younger phase of lower pressure Buchan-type metamor- IheCascademetamorphiccore (Figure42). There, Jura-Cre- phism associated with the emplacement of post-kinematic taceous strataof the MethowTerranebasin are deformed hy plutons of the 86 to 84 Ma Scuzzy and Mount Rohr suites, predominantly east-northeast vergent folds and thrust faults at depths of 10 to 20 kilometres (Journeay, 1990; Pamsh that formed between100 and 88 Ma (McGroder, 1989).(:o- and Monger, 1992). incident withlate Albian - Cenomanian southwest-directed The metamorphic rocks in the hinterland of the Coast thrusts in the Taseko- Bridge Riverarea (stage 2 of Figitre Beltthrust systemcorrelate with thosein theupperstructural 24). An earlier pulse of deformation is inferred from the levels of the Cascade metamorphic core (including Cogburn stratigraphic record,as it also is in theTaseko - Bridge River Creek Group, Twisp Valley schist, Mad River Terrane and area,sinceMiddleAlbianchert-richdepositsoftheMethow Chiwaukum schist), which likewise underwent synkine- basin (Virginia Ridge Formation) were derived fron a matic metamorphism and intrusion in mid to earlyCre- Late newly uplifted source terraneto the west. This chertdetrilus taceous time, followedby relatively rapid uplift in the early was probably derived from the adjacent Bridge River-cor- LateCretaceous (Taboretal., 1989; McGroder, 1991). This relative Hozameen Group, which is inferred to have been deformation and metamorphism was, at least in part,coin- uplifted along awest-vergent thrust system that markedthe cident with the assembly of thrust sheets in the Northwest onset of crustal loading experienced by correlative rocks Cascades - San Juan thrust system to the west, whichis con- (e.g. Cogbum CreekGroup, TwispValleyschist, MadRi\er strained by stratigraphic evidence on the San Juan Islands Terrane) in the adjacent Cascade metamorphic care to have occurred between 100 and 84 Ma (Brandon et al., (McGroder, 1991).The shortening stepped westwardin the 1988). An earlier phase of subduction-related deformation early Late Cretaceous, to the Northwest Cascades- San Ju an is documentedby 130 to 120 Ma blueschist-facies rocksof thrust system, and the coeval east-vergent structuresin the the Shuksan metamorphic suite (Brown and Blake, 1987). Methow Terranebasin are interpreted as backthrusts in tne which comprisesthe upper structural levelof the Northwest rear of the predominantly west-vergent Cascade orog:n Cascades thrust system (Misch, 1966; Tabor ef al., 1989). (McGroder, 1989, 1991). The Shuksan suite is correlated with the Settler schist and The northernmost system of Cretaceous contractional Cayoosh assemblage of the eastern by structures within the southeastern Coast - north Cascad-s Monger (199lb). whereas structurally lower levels of the orogen is a belt of northeast-directed thrust faultsrelat~d and Northwest Cascades systeminclude basalt and chertof the folds, referred to as the eastern Waddington thrust belt (Fig- Formation, which may correlate with the ure 42). which extends from ChilkoLake to the Klinaklini Bridge River Complex (Tabor et al., 1989; Monger and River (Tipper, 1969; McLaren, 1990; Rusmore and Journeay, 1994). The lowest structural levels of the North- Woodsworth, 1991b, 1993,1994; Mustard ef al., 1994; vim west Cascades system comprise the Jurassic Wells Creek der Heyden et al., 1994). These structures deform Triassic volcanics and stratigraphically overlying clastic sedimen- and Lower Cretaceous strataof the Niut belt (Figures39 and tary rocks of the Jura-Cretaceous Nooksack Group (Tabor 40), together withLateCretaceousplutonicrocks. The wert- et al., 1989), which were interpretedby Misch (1966) tobe ern limit of the thrust beltis largely defined by post-kin:-

168 Geological Survey Bras:h ~ ~

Ministry of Employment and In veslmenr matic latest Cretaceousto Tertiary plutons, butLate Jurassic cades orogen in southern British Columbia and northern plutonic rocks are locally incorporated in its western part Washington (Figure 43). This system wasactive from about (Rusmore and Woodsworth, 1994; van der Heyden et ut., mid-Late Cretaceous time to the Late Eocene. The: switch 1993), suggesting that the western Coast Belt was involved from Early and early Late Cretaceous contractional defor- in the thrusting. Cretaceous contractional structures thatare mation to Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary dextral strike- coeval with the thrust belt are not documented within the slip deformation is evident throughout the soutk.eastern Methow Terrane andbasin to the east, although folds occur Coast - north Cascades orogen. It probably relatf:s to an locally (e.g. Potato Range syncline of Figure 42)that might abrupt change in motion of offshore oceanic platf s, from be of the same age (Schiarizza et al., 1995; Umhoefer and east-directed orthogonal convergence of the Fardlon or Kleinspehn, 1995). Kula plate with the North American margin to north-di- Northeast-directed thrusts of the Eastern Waddington rected oblique convergence ofthe Kula plate (Engebretson Thrust Belt formed in early Late Cretaceous time, as they et ul., 1985,1995; Umhoefer and Schiarizza, 1995). deform the synkinematic 87 Ma Pagoda orthogneiss, butare The youngest dextralstructure within the southeastern truncated by the 68 Ma Enchanted Valley pluton (Parrish, Coast - north Cascades orogenis the Fraser River - ;Straight 1992; Rusmore and Woodsworth, 1994). Metamorphism, Creek fault, which truncates structures of the I’alak(~mfault which accompaniedand outlasted deformation, generateda system between 40 and 50 kilometres southeas).of the series of southwest-dipping isograds that demonstrate a Taseko - Bridge River map area (Monger and McMillan, northeast to southwest increase in metamorphic grade. Rus- 1989). Restorationof 70 to 160 kilometres of dextra~ slip on more and Woodsworth (1994)suggest that the heatfor this the Fraser River fault matches structures and litholectonic inverted metamorphicgradient was provided by Cretaceous belts within the southeastern CoastBelt with correlalive fea- plutonic rocks derivedfrom the active Coast Belt magmatic tures in the Cascade Mountains of British Colum5ia and arc, which may have been thrust northeastward over the Washington State (Monger and Journeay, 1994).The most presently exposed part of the thrust belt. However, the thrusting accommodated only limitedcrustal thickening, as metamorphic complex the metamorphism occurred under conditionsol: relatively low pressure (Rusmore and Woodsworth, 1994). Coeval metamorphism within the Coast Belt thrust system to the south wasalso of the low-pressure type, and was associated with the emplacementof 86 to 84Mapost-kinematicplutons (Journeay and Friedman, 1993). There, however, anearlier episode of southwest-directed contractional deformation substantially thickened the crust and was accompanied by synkinematic high pressure metamorphism associated with Miasion Ridge lault theemplacementof97to94Maplutons.Althoughnoearlier southwest-directed structures have been documentedat the CCF Chits Creek fault latitude of the Eastern Waddington Thrust Belt, Rusmore CPF Castle Pass Fault CI ChlWBnkUm schist and Woodsworth suggest that the Eastern Waddington Belt DCF Downton Creek fault PCF Petch Creek fault comprises a set of relatively young backthrusts within the Ss Settler schist predominantly southwest-directed Coast Belt contractional orogen. ~MelhowTerranelhasin LATE CRETACEOUS- PALEOGENE DEXTRAL STRIKE-SLIP FAULTING The Late Cretaceous to Eocene structural history of the Taseko - Bridge River area is dominated by dextral strike- slip faults and related transpressional and transtensional ChiliiwaCk batholith structures. The oldest structureknownto have dextral move- ment is the Castle Pass fault, which truncates the youngest contractional structures in thearea, including the North Cin- nabar fold-fault systemand the 91 to 86 Ma Eldoradofault, Most movementalong the Castle Pass fault occuned in the Late Cretaceous,prior to intrusion of the 67 Ma Eldorado pluton. Otherprominentdextralfaultsin thearea wereactive KILOMETRES mainly in the Paleoceneand Eocene, although thereis some evidence for transpressional deformation adjacent to the batholith Yalakom fault between 80 and 70 Ma (Chapter 3). Dextral strike-slip faults and related structures in the Figure 43. Simplified map showing the major Late Cretacwus and Taseko - Bridge River area are part of a larger system of Paleogene dextral strike-slip faults along the eastern pan of the dextral faults that has been tracedfor about 600 kilometres southeastern Coast - north Cascades orogen. Sourcesof irforma- along the easternside of the southeastern Coast- north Cas- tion are indicated in thetext.

Bulletin 100 169 likely offset correlative of the Yalakom fault is the The Skagit crystalline core of the North Cascaies, Hozameen fault (Monger, 1989; Ray, 1986).as both struc- which forms a belt 30 to 40 kilometres wide between the tures lie between the Bridge River Terrane(Bridge River Ross Lake fault zone and the Entiat fault, was also the :site Complex and Hozameen Group)to the west and the Methow of deformation at the same timeas the early stages ofdexral Terrane to the east. The Hozameen fault extends southward strike-slip faulting inthe Taseko -Bridge Riverarea. It wn- into the North Creek and Foggy Dewfaults along the south- tains mylonitic shear zones that are dominated by south- west side of Methow Terrane in Washington State west-vergent reverse faults, northwest-striking dextral (McGroder, 1987).The southern portion of the Hozameen- strikeslip faults, and oblique dextral-thmst zones (Hurlow Foggy Dew fault separates older rocks on the west from and Nelson, 1991). The 73 Ma Cardinal Peak plut.on younger rocks on east,the contains kinematic indicators that (Haugerud et al., 1991) was intruded into an active shear indicate dextral-slip, and wasactive between 85 and 50 Ma zone within this belt (Miller, 1991). Recent mapping rmd (McGroder, 1987; Miller and Bowring, 1990). U-Pb dating of deformed and undeformed dikes dem,,n- The Mission Ridge fault has been correlated to the strates that the Entiat fault was active as a dextral strike-dip Petch Creekfault, from which it is offset by about 100 kil- fault in the period70 to 67 Ma (Hurlowand Nelson, 195 I), ometres alongthe Fraser Riverfault (Coleman andPanish, synchronous withCastle Pass faulting. 1991). The Petch Creekfault is considered the northernex- The Fraser River- Straight Creek fault zone cuts all of tension of the Ross Lakefault (Ray, 1986). All three faults the faults of the Yalakomfault system and its southern (ex- are east-dipping and separate low-grade rocks of the Bridge tensions except Creek fault, which appearsto River terrane on the east from high-grade metamorphic merge with the Fraser Riverfault (Monger and McMillm, rocks on the west that have dextral kinematic indicators 1989). There is ample evidence that the Fraser River - (Ray, 1986; Coleman and Panish, 1991; Haugerud, 1985). Straight Creek fault zone experienced mainly dextral strike- Late-stage, down-to-the-eastnormaldisplacement of20kil- slipmotion, butestimatesofoffset varyconsiderably. Misch ometres has been estimatedfor the northern Ross Lakefault (1977) correlated the MountStuart Batholith andassociami near the U.S.- border (Haugerud, 1985), and IO to Chiwaukum Schist in the southern North Cascades to :he I8 kilometres of similar normal movement has been sug- Spuzzum Batholith and associatedSettler Schist in British gested for the Mission Ridge fault (Coleman and Panish, Columbia, which suggests 160 to 190 kilometres of offset 1991). across the Straight Creek fault (Figure 42). This argummt Correlation of the Mission Ridge-Petch Creek-northern for at least 160 kilometres of dextral offset has been Ross Lake faults suggests that metamorphic rocks in the strengthened by a number of recent studies which dernon- Shulaps Range (BridgeRiver schists)correlate with at least strate similarities in petrology, geochronology and stn~c- parts ofthe Custer andSkagit gneisses. These rocks formed tural history for the two areas (Ague and Brandon, 19!)0; a north-south elongate metamorphic complexbefore dextral Brown and Walker, 1993; Miller and Paterson, 1992; movement on the Fraser River - Straight Creek fault sepa- Journeay andFriedman, 1993). However,Vance (1985) has rated them. Final unroofing of the lowerplate metamorphic argued for 80 to 90 kilometres of dextral displacemmt rocks in bothareas occurred during and after dextral, ductile across theStraight Creek fault based on theapparent off.ret deformationthat has been datedat between 48.5 and 45 Ma of northwest-striking high-angle faults and parts of the (Coleman and Panish, 1991; Haugemd, 1985;Haugerudet Shuksan metamorphic belt, and Miller et al. (1993a) also al., 1991). Biotite K-Ar cooling ages are 44-45 Ma in the argue for 90 kilometres of offset based on restoring tivo lower plates of both complexes (Wanless et al., 1978; similar mBlange belts across the fault.Similar variation [:x- Haugerud et al., 1991). ists in displacementestimates across the Fraser Riverfadt The Late Cretaceous to early Paleocene Castle Pass system to the north. These include 70 to 90 kilomew-s off:;et fault system is interpreted to continue southeastward for at of the Yalakom and Hozameen faults and the northern least 60 kilometres as the Downton Creek fault (Journeayet boundary of the Jackass Mountain Group (Monger, 1985; al., 1992), whichpredates63MaplutonsoftheBendorsuite, Monger and Journeay, 1994). about 100 kilometres off:;et and has evidencefor both southwest-vergent thmst faulting between the Mission Ridge and Petch Creek faults (Co:e- and dextral strike-slip faulting. The projected southeastex- man and Parrish, 1991). and 135 to 160 kilometres off!:et tension of the Downton Creek fault intersects the Fraser between the Late PermianFanveil and northern MountLyt- River fault about 90-100 km north of the northwest exten- touplutons (Friedman and van der Heyden, 1992). This vari- sion of the main Ross Lake fault. The southern part of the ability may in part reflect the difficulty in establishiig Ross Lake fault zone is a complex, mid-crustal dextral- unique piercing pointsdue to the smearingout of truncatd oblique fault zone that resembles theCastle Pass - Downton structures and geological unitsalong the Fraser River fault Creek fault system in structuralstyle and timingof faulting. (see maps of Monger, 1989 and Monger and MoMillrn, It was first active in its present form as a left-stepping con- 1989). as well as the possibility of differential vertical mo- tractional zone between the Gabriel Peak tectonic belt and tions across the fault. Furthermore, although latest motion the Twisp River fault zone, which connectsto the southwith on the Fraser River- Straight Creek fault postdates mostor the Foggy Dew fault, the southern end of the Yalakom- allotherstructuresintheregion,theearlieststagesofmotil)n Hozameen fault system (Miller and Bowring, 1990; Miller, were probably coincident with deformation along and 1994). The Ross Lake stepover was active at about 68 to 65 within manyof the faults and geological units that sub- were Ma, but it may have been active before this time, andmay sequently displaced. As a result, the amount of dextraldis- have remained active until about 57 Ma. placement probably varies from place to place along le

170 Geological Survey Branch Ministry of Employment and In vestment

Fraser River- Straight Creek fault, as some of the movement and Kleinspehn, 1995;Schiarizza etal., 1995), andoverlaps along parts of the fault system was transferredto strike-slip, in age with major extensional faulting in the Omineca and transpressional and transtensional structures that are now Intermontane beltsof southern British Columbia adnorth- truncated by it. ern Washington, which occurredfrom 58 to 4.5 Ma ipanish The Fraser River - Straight Creek fault system was ap- et al., 1988). Panish and Coleman (1990)link: the t:rmina- parently inactive by the end of the Eocene,as it is truncated tion of the Yalakomfault near Tatla Lake to this broad zone by the 35 Ma Chilliwack batholith near the International of extensional faulting, which they interpret as a transfer boundary (Monger and Journeay, 1994). The latest stages zone linking the Yalakom fault to the Tintina-Northern of movement resulted in about 100 kilometres of dextral Rocky MountainTrench fault system. This interpreration is offset of the post 46.5 Ma Mission Ridge fault (Coleman a modification of an earlier model presented by Price: (1979) and Parrish, 1991). However, activity on Straightthe Creek and Price and Carmichael (1986), who inferred .hat the fault commencedby at least about50 Ma, asit is inferred to Fraser River Fault system, rather than the Yalakom,was the have influenced sedimentation patterns in Lowerto Middle main locus of Early to Middle Eocene dextral strikmlip in Eocene rocks of the adjacent Swauk basin (Taylor et al., southwestern British Columbia. 1988). and to have localized pre-47 Ma folding of these rocks (Tabor et al, 1984). This suggests that some of the movement along the Straight Creek and southem Fraser MID-CRETACEOUS PALEOLATI[TUI)E River faults wascoincident with activity along the Yalakom OF THE SOUTHERN COAST BELT fault, and that the southern continuation of the Yalakom fault has changed through time. Early movement on the Pre-Tertiary relationships between the southeastern Yalakom fault probably extendedinto the Hozameen fault, Coast Belt and the Intermontane belt to the east are uncer- but after about 50 Ma the latter structure became inactive, tain. This boundaryis largely defined by the Pasayten fault, and subsequent movement along the Yalakom fault was which marks the eastern boundary of Methow Terrane. The continuous with that on the Straight Creek fault. At about adjacent Intermontane Belt is underlain mainly by early 45 Ma movement along the Straight Creek - Fraser River Mesozoic arc-derived volcanicand plutonic rocks of Ques- fault divergedinto the MarshallCreek fault, and Jimdamen- ne1 Terrane, Late Paleozoic toearly Mesozoic volcanic and tally switched the localstrain conditions in the Shulaps-Mis- sedimentary rocks of the oceanic Cache CreekTerrane, and sion Ridge metamorphic beltfrom dextral-transpression to overlapping Early Cretaceous plutonic and volcani: rocks transtension (see Figure 30). Most of the post 45Ma move- of the Okanogan- Spences Bridge arc (Monger,1981'; Mon- ment along theStraight Creek fault must have transferred to ger and McMillan, 1989; Hurlow and Nelson, 1993). Al- the northern part of the Fraser Riverfault, however, to ac- though theserocks have little in common with thosc ofthe count for the offsets of the Yalakom and Mission Ridge adjacent Coast Belt, a common interpretation is that faults from, respectively, the Hozameen and Petch Creek Methow Terrane has been directly west of these Intmnon- faults. tane Belt rocks throughout muchof the Meso:zoic,md the The Yalakom fault has beentraced for about 150 kilo- more westerlyelements of the Coast Belt have heenaxreted metres northwest of the Taseko - Bridge River area. The during one or more episodes of Mesozoic subduction-re- Relay Creek and Castle Pass fault systems, however, have lated tectonics (Coates, 1974; Anderson, 1976; Te.~nyson not been recognizedasimportant stmctures to the northwest and Cole, 1978; Mongeret al., 1982; O'Brien et al., 1992). (Riddell et al., 1993a,b; Schiarizza et al., 1995), suggesting According to this interpretation, the Early to mid-Cretn- that they either die out ormerge with the Yalakomfault. The ceous Spences Bridge arc might have been generr.ted by Chita Creekfault mayconnect with the Tchaikazan fault in eastward subduction ofthe last vestiges of theIBridg,: River the Mount Waddington map area (Umhoefer and Klein- ocean basin within the southeastern Coast Belt, ar.d age- spehn, 1995),and the Tchaikazanfault may merge with the equivalent easterly-derivedclastic sedimentary rock; of the Yalakom fault near its apparent northwestern termination Tyaughton - Methow basin (e.g. Jackass Mountain Group) (van der Heyden et al., 1994; Mustard et al., 1994). would have been derivedfrom this arc andlor from associ- The Yalakom fault apparently ends along the south- ated highlands inother parts of the IntermontaneBel! or the western margin of the Tatla Lake Metamorphic Complex, adjacent Omineca Crystalline Belt (Kleinspehn, 1985; although Schiarizza et al. (1995) infer that a kinematically Monger, 1986; Thorkelsonand Smith,1989; Garver. 1992; linked extensional fault segment extends north-northwest- Hurlow and Nelson, 1993). ward fromthere to mark the western limitof a belt of meta- The above interpretations have recently bee11 chal- morphic tectonites that are locally exposed beneath an lenged by three sets of tilt-corrected paleomagneti.: data, extensive cover of Quaternary alluvium and Late Tertiary which suggest that the southeastern Coast Belt lay about volcanics (Tipper, 1969b; see Figure 31). Friedman and 2900 km south ofits present latitude in mid-Cretaceol~stime Armstrong (1988) document 55 to 47.5 Ma extensional (Ague andBrandon, 1992; Wynneeta[., 1995), wber:as the shear along subhorizontal west-northwest-trending mineral mid-Cretaceous Spences BridgeGroup on the adjacznt In- lineations within the mylonite zone comprising the upper termontane Belt was deposited 1200km south ofits present part of the Tatla Lake Complex, followed by folding and latitude (Irving et al., 1995). A mid-Cretaceous reco~~struc- brittle faulting during the final stages of uplift. Thisexten- tionofthesouthernCoastBeltbasedonthesepaleom~.gnetic sional deformation is inferred to be kinematically linkedto data places it at the latitude of northern Mexico, where a the Yalakom fault (Coleman and Parrish, 1991; IJmhoefer possible source for the easterly-derived ark:oses of the

Bulletin 100 I71 British Columbia __

Tyaughton - Methow basin mightbe the Peninsular Ranges zone are ductile fabrics within plutonic rocks of thc..eastern- batholith of southernCalifornia, which also restores to this most Intermontane belt that formed during an episode. of mid-Cretaceous paleolatitnde (Garver and Brandon, 1994; Early to mid-Cretaceous sinistral strike-slip to transpl'es- Cowan, 1994). sional deformation (Greig, 1992, Hurlow, 1993).No cone- The discordant paleomagnetic data presented by sponding structuresare present within rocks theof adjacent Wynne et al. (1995) come fromthe Silverquick and Powell Coast Belt (Methow Terrane), indicatingthat the most re- Creek formations near ,about 30kilometres cent movement along this boundary is younger than nid- east-northeast of the Taseko - Bridge River map area. Stra- Cretaceous. In the Coqnihalla River area, studied in detail tigraphic and provenancelinks provided by these rocksand by Greig (1989, 1992). these younger stn~cturesi.nclude a slightly older strata of the TaylorCreek and Jackass IVioun- Middle Eocene east-directed thrust fault, as well as pjst- tain groups demonstrate that the diverse tectonic assem- Middle Eocene northeast-side-up and syn-Early Miocene blages of the southern Coast Belt, including Methow northeast-side-down faults.Farther south, thePasaytenfault Terrane, were tied together by mid-Cretaceous time zone also contains brittle deformation fabrics that formed in (Garver, 1992; Garver and Brandon, 1994).The mid-Creta- Late Cretaceousto Middle Eocene time(Hurlow, 1993:. ceous Tyaughton basin deposits interfnger to the west with The lack ofevidence for Late Cretaceousdextral move- coeval and somewhat older Lower Cretaceous volcanic ment along the Pasayten fault may reflectsignificant Terti- rocks of the Gambier arc, which is inferred to have devel- ary dip-slip movement along the fault zone. Varsek ef al. oped above and east-dipping subduction zone beneath the (1993). on the basis of deepseismic reflection data, sugg;est Insular and Coast belts (Garver, 1992; Thorkelson and that the Pasayten fault dips eastward and places plutonic Smith, 1989). Because this Coast Mountainsarc is presently rocksoftheIntermontaneBeltaboveMethowTerranestma separated from the Okanogan - Spences Bridge arc of the of the Coast Belt. Ifthere was a significant amount of'I'er- Intermontane by coeval clastic sedimentary rocks of the tiary reverse movement on thisfault then it may haveo\ er- Tyaughton - Methow basin anda major belt of contractional ridden a steeply-dipping dextral fault that juxtaposed the deformation, some tectonic modelshave invoked2 east-dip- Intermontane and Coast belts in Late Cretaceous tirne. ping Cretaceous subduction zones,one beneath the Insular- Young normal-sense movement on the east-dipping Coast and the other beneath the Intermontane Belt.In these Pasayten fault could also effectively hide an older dexml models, convergence across the Intermontane subduction strike-slip fault, providing that the dextralfault dipped mm zone generates the Spences Bridge arc and leads directlyto gently to the east than the younger normal fault. collision between the Intermontane and Insular superterra- West of the Fraser River fault, the boundary betwcen nes (Mongeref al., 1982; Thorkelsonand Smith, 1989).The the Coast and Intermontane belts is defined, in part, by the paleomagnetic data suggest an alternative model, whereby Slok Creek and Hungry Valley fault systems, which %?a- the two Earlyto mid-Cretaceous arc systems formed at dif- rate Methow Terrane from an assemblage of Cretaceous ferent latitudes along the continental margin and weresub- rocks that includes volcanic rocks correlated with ,:he sequently juxtaposed by orogen-parallel dextral Spences Bridge Group (Tipper, 1978;Read, 1988; Mon::er displacement of the CoastBelt relative to the Intermontane and McMillan, 1989; Green, 1990; Hickson, 1992). The Belt. Models derived from paleomagnetic data require that Slok Creek fault and eastern portionof the Hungry Valiey this major displacement occurred in Late Cretaceous to Pa-system are dextral strike-slipfaults that cut rocks as yorng leocene time, as lower Middle Eocene rocks within the In- as Eocene. The western part of the Hungry Valley system, sular Belt yield paleopoles thatare concordant with Earlyto however, has a more westerly trend and cuts only Creta- Middle Eocene paleopoles from the Intermontane Belt of ceous rocks (Figure 39). It was mapped as a northeast-di- southern British Columbiaand cratonic North America(Irv- rected thrust fault by Tipper (1978). but the !regmcnt ing and Brandon, 1990). exposed in Churn and Dashcreeks was probably the lwus The discordant Spences Bridgeand Silverquick-Powell of dextral strike-slip movement (Chapter 3).This rcould be Creekpaleomagneticsitesarepresently separated bypromi- a remnant ofa Late Cretaceous -Early Tertiaryfault system. nent dextral strike-slip faults of the Yalakom and Fraser Alternatively, it could bean Eocenestructnre that has offret River fault systems, but these faults have a combined dis- an older fault system. placement of only 200 to 300 kilometres and were active The volcanic and comagmatic intrusive rocks corre- mainly in Eocene time (Monger, 1985; Kleinspehn, 1985; lated with theSpences BridgeGroup northeastof the Hun- Riddell etal., 1993a: Umhoefer and Schiarizza, 1993; Mon-gry Valley fault are overlain by mid to Upper Cnstacecbus ger and Journeay, 1994). The paleomagnetic data suggest sedimentary and volcanic rocks that have been correlaled that a somewhat older system of faults, withclose to Zoo0 with the Silverquick-Powell Creek succession theof Coast kilometres ofdextral displacement, occurs along the bound-Belt (Green, 1990; Hickson, 1992; Mahoney et al., 1992). ary between the Coast and Intermontane belts.East of the Similar mid-Cretaceous non-marine chert-richconglom:r- Fraser River fault, this boundary coincides with the ates and sandstonesalso occur within the Intermontane Belt Pasayten fault zone(see Figure 2). This is a major geological east of the Fraser River fault, where theyoverlie the Cache boundary that has been traced continuously for mort: than Creek and(?)Spences Bridge groups (Monger and McMil- 200 kilometres, and across which mid-Cretaceous andolder Ian, 1989: Read, 1990). Correlation of these sedimentzcy stratigraphic, plutonic and structuralelements have little in and volcanic rocks within the Intermontane Belt with the common (Monger, 1989; Monger and McMillan, 1989). Silverquick-Powell Creek succession inits type ansa in the The oldest structures documented along the Pasaytenfault Coast Belt clearly contradictsthe discordant paleomagnetic

172 Geological Surve,y Brar,ch results presented by Irving et al. (1995) and Wynne et al. Middle Jurassic accretion-subductioncomplex that was un- (1995). This correlation is based on similarities in age, li- conformably overlainby latest Middle Jurassic to nud-Cre- thology and depositional environment, but the correlated taceous clastic sedimentary rocks of the Tyawghton basin. rocks are not in physical continuity and are separated by Farther south, however, western parts of the complex dis- Jura-Cretaceousrocks of Methow Terrane as well as several play noevidence of this subduction-relateddeformaion and major strnctures. Furthermore,chertclasts intheTyaughton are gradationally and conformably overlain by mairllyfine- basin deposits (including Silverquick in its type area) were grained clastic sedimentary rocks of the Jura-Cretaceous derived from the Bridge RiverComplex of the Coast Belt Cayoosh assemblage (Journeay and Northcote, 1992; (Garver, 1992), while those stratigraphically above the Journeay and Mahoney, 1994). Near the interrational Spences Bridge Group were probably derived from the boundary, Bridge River Terrane is represented by the Cache Creek Complex of the Intermontane Belt (Hickson Hozameen Group inthe east, and byhigh-gr .L de mztamor- et al., 1991; Mahoney et al., 1992). This suggests that, de phic rocks that probably correlate with the Bridge River spite their similarities, the two successions formed in differ-Complex and Cayooshassemblage within thestruchxal and ent depositional systems.It is therefore possible that the two metamorphic culmination of the southeasternCoas~: - north successions represent similar depositional environments, Cascades orogento the west.The latter assemblages include but were developed at widely separated places along tbe the Twisp Valley schist, Napeequa unit and Chiwaukum mid-Cretaceous Cordilleran margin, as the paleomagnetic schist of the Cascade MetamorphicCore (McGroder, 1991; data indicate. Miller et al., 1993b). and the Cogburn Creek Group and As outlined in the preceding paragraphs, the paleornag-Settler schist in the southeastern Coast Belt (Monper and neticmodelformajorLateCretacwus-Paleocenelatitudinal Journeay, 1994).Correlatives of theBridge River Complex displacement of the Coast Belt relativeto the Intermontane also occur farther west, south of the western Coast Belt, Belt contradicts a number of geological models that were where theyinclude the Elbow Lake Formationof th,: north- based on inferred links between the two belts.These links west Cascade thrust system andthe Deadman Bay 'Terrane include provenance relationships in wbicb Lower Jurassic of theSan JuanIslands thrust system (Milleret al., 1993h). to mid-Cretaceous clastic sedimentary rocks of Methow The Shuksan metamorphicsuite of the Northwest Cascades Terrane areinferred to have a source in the adjacent Inter- thrust system maycorrelate with the Cayoosh assemblage, montane Belt (e& Coates, 1974; Anderson, 1976; Ten- representing the upper part of Bridge River Terrane(Mon- nyson and Cole, 1978; O'Brien et al., 1992), as well as ger, 1991b). Early Cretaceous bluescbist-facies mctamor- stratigraphic correlations of mid-Cretaceous rocks within phism of the Shuksan suite (Brown and Blake, 1987) the two belts(e.& Mahoney et al., 1992). This dilemma re indicates thata pulse of subduction-related deformationaf- mains to be resolved (see discussion by Cowan, 1994). but fected the southernpart of the Bridge River- Cayoor h basin the problem is sufficiently well defined in this areato be a at the onset the of major episode of Early to Late Cre:aceous focus for paleomagnetic and geologic studies designed to contractional deformation that affected the orogen. test the hypothesis of major latitudinal displacements. Methow Terrane and overlying clastic rocks of the Methow basin occupy a belt that occurs directly east of Bridge River Terrane. MethowTerrane includes Lower to TECTONIC EVOLUTION Middle Jurassic clastic and arc volcanic rocksthat ;ire rea- A Late Cretaceousrestoration of the southeastern Coast ognized over theentire length of this belt.In the central part - north Cascades orogenis presented in Figure44. It is based of the belt these rocks rest unconformahly above oceanic on first removing 80 kilometres of dextral offset on the basement of the Coquihalla serpentine belt (Xay, 1986), Fraser River - Straight Creek fault system (matching the which restoresto, and is inferred to correlate with, otsducted Yalakom and Hozameen faults), and then restoring 115 kil-ophiolitic rocks ofthe Shulaps Ultramafic Complex in the ometres of dextral offset on the Yalakom - Hozameen fault Taseko - Bridge Riverarea (Figure 44). At the north endof system (matching the Konni Lake and Camelsfoot faults,as the belt, the Jurassic rocks of MethowTerrane were depos- well as the Shulaps Ultramafic Complex and Coquihalla ser-ited above UpperTriassic clastic rocks that resembl; those pentine belt). Although the displacement histories of these of Cadwallader Terrane, which in turn were deposited non- faults were probably more complicated, as discussed in a conformably above Middle to Late Triassic tonalitic to previous section, this first-order restoration providesa rea- dioritic plutons (Schiarizza ef al., 1995; Schiarizza, 1996). sonable base for viewing the distributionof major tectono- Cadwallader Terrane includes UpperTriassic arc vol- stratigraphic assemblages and mid-Cretaceous canics and arc-derived clastics, together with Lowerlo Mid- contractional fault systems within the orogen priorto Late dle Jurassic mainlyfine-grained clastic rocks. Rocks1 hat are Cretaceous andearly Tertiary strike-slipfaulting. Xn this sec- confidently correlated with CadwalladerTerrane within and tion we will first summarize the relationships of these tec- near its type area comprise numerous small fault-b~~unded tonostratigraphic assemblages and then present a simple lenses distributed acrossa limited area west of the Late Pa- model for the Mesozoic toearly Tertiary tectonic evolution leozoic Shulaps Ultramafic Complex (Figure Tl44). e Cad- of thearea. wallader rocks in this area are invariably imbricated with Oceanic rocks of BridgeRiver Terrane underlie a long Shulaps-correlative ophiolitic rocks of the Bralome-East linear belt that extends for most of the length of the south- Liza Complex, andare inferred to comprise remnants of a eastern Coast Belt. the In northern partof this beltehe Bridge large, composite, Cretaceous thrust sheet that was thrust River Complex accumulated as a Middle Triassic to late westward over the Bridge River Complex and TyaJghton

Bulletin 100 I73 British Columbia "

\

Figure 44. Map showing the distribution of Bridge River Terrane and associated tectonostratigraphic assemblages in the sontheasttm Coast - north Cascades orogen after restoring latest Cretaceous to Tertiary dextral strike-slip displacement on the Fraser- Straight River Creek and Yalakom- Hozameen fault systems. CCG=Coglmm Creek Group; HG=HozameenGroup; SS=Seltler schist.

I 74 Geological Survey Brar.ch Ministry of Employment and b!vestment

basin. This thrust sheet is in turn structurally overlainby the Lillooet Lake Belt. This correlation is suggested by their ShulapsUltramafic Complex, whichis inferred to have been along strike position, general lithologic simil;uity,!he pres- derived from beneath Methow Terrane. These relationships ence of Triassic quartz dioritic intrusive rocks within both suggest that Cadwallader Terrane occupied a paleo- belts (Riddell, 1992; Mustard and van der Heydm, 1994; geographicposition betweenBridge River and Metbow ter- Schiarizza, 1996). and their mutual associati~~nwith ranes. This is consistent with relationships farther to the younger sequences of arc volcanic and sedirnentay rocks north, wherethe most continuous belt of Cadwallader rocks,that probably correlate with the Lower Cretaceous Gambier corresponding to the restored Camelsfoot and Konni Lake Group (Riddell, 1992, Umhoeferetal., 1994). This correla- belts (Riddell et al., 1993a). occurs between Bridge River tion is consistent withthe recent discovery of Middle Trias- and Methow terranes(Figure 44). The lithologic similarity sic (Ladinian) chertand siliceous siltstone intercalated with between the Upper Triassic Tyaughton Group of Cadwal- mafic volcanic rocks inthe Mount Moore folmaticn of the lader Terrane and correlative rocks in the lower part of Niut belt (F. Cordey andP.S. Mustard, personal communi- Methow Terrane near TatlayokoLake suggest that Cadwal- cation, 1994; Schiarizza, 1996). These rocksmay torrelate lader and Methowterranes may actually comprise different with Middle Triassic (Ladinian) siliceous siltstone and parts of a single arc - basin system. This link is consistent mafic volcanic rocksat the base of Harrison Terranl: (Camp with thefact that both terranesare associated with Late Pa- Cove Formation, Arthur et al., 1993), which mayin turn be leozoic ophiolitic rocks, and both terranesinclude arc vol- linked to theTriassic rocks of theLillooet Lake belt by their canics that are coeval with subduction-accretion tectonics mutual association with the overlying Harrison Lake For- within the adjacent BridgeRiver Complex. These relation- mation (Journeay and Mahoney, 1994). ships suggest that Cadwallader and Methow terranes are As summarized above, rocks within the Lillocet Lake parts of an arc system that formed above Late Paleozoic - Niut belt have stratigraphic ties to the adjacent western ocean crust in response to subduction of the Bridge River Coast Belt. The Lillooet Lake - Niut belt occurs west of oceanic plate to the west. Bridge River Terrane over most of its length, and was in- The western part of the southeastern Coast Belt com- volved in the early Late Cretaceous structural telescoping prises Triassic through Cretaceous arc-derived volcanic and of Bridge RiverTerrane over the western Coast Belt in the sedimentary successions assigned to the Niut and Lillooet vicinity of Lillooet andHanison lakes (Journeay an3 Fried- Lake belts (see Figures 39 and 40). UpperTriassic arc vol- man, 1993).In the north, however,the Lillooet Lake- Niut canic rocks of the Lillooet Lake belt had previously been belt is juxtaposed against Methow Terrane, habing cut assigned to the Cadwallader Group (Roddick and across the contacts between Bridge River, Catlwalk.der and Hutchison, 1993; Riddell, 1992; Monger and Journeay, Methow terranes nearChilko Lake (Figure44). The present 1994). butareheredifferentiatedfromthe type-Cadwallader boundary may correspond,at least in part, to Tertiaq dextral Group in the Taseko - Bridge River area because the two strike-slip faults,hut as these are inferred to have only afew successions apparently restore to opposite sides of Bridge kilometres of displacement (Umhoeferet al., 1994; IJmhoe- River Terrane (Figure 44). The Triassic rocks of the Lillooet fer and Kleinspehn, 1995). this truncation boundsry may Lake beltare stratigrapbically overlainby Lower to Middle relate to the emplacement of the Lillooet Lake- Niut Belt Jurassic arc volcanic and sedimentary rocks correlated with(together with the western CoastBelt) against the rdjacent the Harrison Lake Formationof the adjacent western Coast terranes of the eastern CoastBelt at some earlier date. The Belt (Journeay and Mahoney, 1994). The southern end of time of this original emplacement is not well defined, but the Lillwet Lake beltincludes metavolcanic and metasedi- may have been as early as the latest Middle Jurassic. This mentary rocks of the Slollicum schist, which correlate, at inference is based on the distribution of the oldest rocks least in part, with the Lower Cretaceous Peninsula and Bro- within the Tyaughton - Methow basin,the latest Middle Ju- kenback Hill formations (Monger and Journeay, 1994). rassic to Lower Cretaceous Relay Mountain Group, which These formations occurin the upper partof Hamson Ter- defines a belt that cuts across the MethowlCadwal- rane (Arthur et al., 1993) and comprise part of the Lower ladermridge River terrane contacts, but follows, ard is di- Cretaceous Gambier volcanic arc assemblage, which is rectly east of, the boundary ofthe Lillooet Lake - Kiut belt widespread within the southwestern Coast Belt (Monger (Figure 44). Although not shown onFigure 44, this belt of and Journeay, 1994). Jura-Cretaceous clastic sedimentary rocks probably contin- The Niut belt is underlain mainly by Middle to Upper ues southward to beyond theinternational boundary, where Triassic arc volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Mount it is represented by the Cayooshassemblage andmctamor- Moore andMosley formations, associatedLateTriassicplu- phic equivalents (Journeay and Mahoney, 1994; Monger tons, and Lower Cretaceous volcanic and sedimentary rocksand Journeay, 1994). Initiation of clastic sedimentation assigned to the Ottarasko and Cloud Drifter formations WithintheTyaugbton-Methow-Cayooshclasticbaxinmay (Rusmore and Woodsworth, 1991a; Mustard and van der have been diachronous in detail (Journeay and Mhoney, Heyden, 1994: Schiarizza, 1996). The Lower Cretaceous 1994). butwe infer that thislong period of sustained clastic rocks (Umhoefer et al., 1994) are lithologically similar to sedimentation wasa response to the emergenceor arrival of age-equivalent rocks of the Gambier assemblage, whereas this western crustal blockby late Middle Jurassic tin:e. This the Triassic rocks have been correlated with thoseStikine of is consistent withthe stratigraphic record withinmort of the Terrane (Rusmoreand Woodsworth, 1991a). While not dis-Lillooet Lake, Niut and western Coast belts, where Uppar puting thelatter correlation, we suggest that this beltof Tri- Jurassic and lowermost Cretaceous rocksare largely absent, assic rocks continues southeastward to also include the suggesting that this westerncrustal block wasemergmtdur-

Bulletin 100 I75 ing this interval and may have supplied sedimentto the ad- jacent basin (Figure 40). It is also permitted by theprove- nance of clastic detritus within the Relay Mountain Group, which was derived from a mixed volcanic and plutonic source withina magmatic arc (Umhoefer, 1989). Facies pat- terns are generally not well defined within the lower partof the Relay Mountain Group, but thick intervals ofLate Ju- rassic conglomerate are found only within western expo- sures of the group (Tipper, 1969; Schiarizza, 1996; bkie Creek area of this study), suggestingthat it was derived,at least in part, froma western source. Lower Cretaceous rocks of the Relay Mountain Group also become coarser in the west(Umhoefer,1989),andintheToshCreekareatheupper (Hauterivian) part of the group may be transitional into coarse volcanic conglomerates and breccias (Tosh Creek succession ofthis report).These relationships are consistent with the interpretations of Tipper (1969) and Umhoeferet al. (1994). who suggested that Hauterivian volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Niut Belt, comprising the eastern part of an early Cretaceous arc within the western Coast Belt, were transitional eastwardinto clastic rocks of the Re- lay Mountain Group. The stratigraphic record in the upper part of the Tyaughton - Methow basin indicates that volcanic-lithic sedimentary rocks derived from the west continued to be deposited within the western ofpart the basin in Albiau time, but were mixed with chert-rich detritus derived from intra- basinal highlands formed by uplifted Bridge River Complex (Carver, 1992). Contractional deformation may have re- sulted in emergence of mostof the Bridge River belt south of the Taseko - Bridge River area, as this part of the belt supplied chert-richclastic detritus to the Tyaughton sub-ba- sin to the northwest(see Figure 1I), as well as to the southern part of the Methow sub-basin to the east (Trexler, 1985: Monger, 1989).However,mostofthevastquantitiesofmid- Cretaceous arkosic sediment deposited in the Methow sub- basin, and locally in the Tyaughton sub-basin, were derived from aneastem source terrane that included contemporane- ous volcanic rocks as well as plutonic and metamorphic rocks (Kleinspehn, 1985;Garver, 1992). Thesestratarecord the first major influx of clastic detritus that was clearly de- rived from acontinental source terrane externalto the Coast Belt. Availableprovenance data suggest that this source ter- rane mightbe rocks of the Intermontane and Omineca belts that are presently adjacent to the basin (e.g. Kleinspehn, 1982,1985; OBrien et al., 1992; Garver, 1992), butdo not rule out a source 3000 kilometres farther south along the continental margin (Cowan, 1994; Garver and Brandon, 1994), as indicated by several sets of tilt-corrected paleo- magnetic data (Ague and Brandon, 1992; Irvinget al., 1995; Wynne et al., 1995). The relationships summarized in the previous para- ? graphs suggest that the Mesozoic to early Cenozoic evolu- i tion of the southeastern Coast Belt can be summarized in terms of 4 time periods, as indicated on Figure 45 and dis- Figure 45. Schematic summary of the Mesozoic and earlyTeniiry cussed in thefollowing paragraphs. tectonic evolution of the southeastern Coast ~ noah Cascar:es orogen. BC=Billhook Creek Fm; BH= Brokeuback 13ill Fn; CY=Cayoosh assemblage;GSambierGroup; GC=GrouseCreek TRIASSIC TO MIDDLE JURASSIC unit;JM=Jackass Mountain Gp; MC=Mysterious Creek Fm; Middle Triassic to latest Middle Jurassic time was P=Peninsula Fm; RM=Relay Mountain Group; TC=Taylor Creek marked by subduction ofthe Bridge RiverOcean basin be- Group; %Thunder Lake sequence.

.~ I76 Geological Survey Branch - Ministry of Employment and Investment

neath an overriding oceanic plate represented, in part, by neath its western margin, which may have begunin the Tri- late Paleozoic opbiolitic rocks ofthe Shulaps and Bralorne- assic, continued after emplacement of the cnlstal liagment East Lizacomplexes. UpperTriassic to Middle Jurassic arc to the westof Bridge RiverTerrane andwas responsiblefor volcanics and arc-derived clastic sedimentary rocks of Cad- the generation oflate Middle Jurassic through Lower Cre- wallader and Methow terranes formed on the overriding taceous plutons that occur within the western Coast Belt plate in response to this subduction.The imbricated assem- (Friedmanetal., 1995).Upliftanderosionaccompaniedthis blage of sedimentary, volcanic and metamorphic rocks thatplutonism throughout muchof the belt, such that i1e block comprises the nortbeastern part of the Bridge liiver Com- supplied detritus to the adjacent clastic basin repres:nted by plex accumulatedas an accretionary complex at the leading the Relay Mountain Group and Cayoosh assemblage. Su- edge of the ovemding plate. More coherent sections of chert pracrustal rocks deposited in the westernCoast Bell arc dur- and greenstone that constitute major parts of the complex ing this intervalare well preservedonly in Harrison Terrane, farther to the south (western assemblage of the Bridge Riverwhere theycomprise Callovian to Valanginim strata of the Complex described by Journey and Northcote, 3992) repre-Mysterious Creek, Billhook Creek and Peninsul.,L f orma- sent more distal parts ofthis ocean basin that remained opentions and the lowerpart of the Brokenback Hill Formation during this early to mid-Mesozoic phaseof subduction-ac- (Arthur et af., 1993). These rocks include a nlixtur: of vol- cretion tectonics. canic and sedimentary rocks, contrast in to the entirzly sedi- mentary character of the coeval Relay Mountair Group, LATE MIDDLE JURASSIC TO EARLY which was deposited ina hack-arc setting. CRETACEOUS An alternative mechanism for the nanowin.: of the Late Middle Jurassic time saw the arrivalof the Lillooet Bridge River basin in early to mid-Mesozoic time, sug- Lake - Niut belt and adjacent western Coast Belt, defining gested byArthur et ai. (1993), is subduction to both the east a western marginto the Bridge River basinprior to its com- and the west, thus generatingcoeval arc sequences on both plete collapse by subduction. The subsequent Late Jurassic its eastern (Cadwallader- Methow) and western(Nut - Lil- to Early Cretaceous history of Bridge River, Cadwallader looet Lake-Harrison) margins. However, thisis no: consis- and Methow terranesis dominated by the deposition of clas- tent with the geochemical and isotopic data prewnted by tic sedimentsderived mainlyor entirely from thisnewly-a- Mahoney and DeBari (1995) who suggest thethat Harrison rived western crustal block. In the north, these clastic Lake Formationcomprises the eastern side of an m: system deposits are represented by the Relay Mountain Group, that also includes the Bonanza and Bowen Island groups of which overlaps Methow and Cadwallader terranes,as well Wrangellia, and thattheseLower to Middle Jurassicarc vol- as the adjacent Bridge River accretion-subduction complex.canics were generated by eastward subduction of oceanic Clastic sediments farther south are represented by the crust along the western margin of Wrangellia.Furtt ermore, Cayoosb assemblage, which was deposited, in part, above the sinistral emplacement model providesexplan.ttion an for coherent oceaniccrust of the western Bridge River complex,the apparent absence ofBridge River Terrane or traces of which bad not been affected by subduction-related defor- an oceanic suture within the CoastBelt north of52' latitude. mation. The Grouse Creek unit and Thunder Lake sequence,It also presents tbe possibility that,prior to their solthward deposited above CadwalladerandMethow terranes,respec- displacement in Late Middle Jurassic time, Triawic and tively, in the northeastern part of the orogen (Figure 43, Lower to Middle Jurassicarc sequences in the Lillooet Lake might represent distal partsof the Relay Mountain deposi- and Niutbelts were the northern continuationthe of similar, tional system. Alternatively, these sediments havebeen may coeval arc sequences represented by Cadwallah and derived from local uplifts withinthese terranes themselves, Methow terranes. or from a separate sonrce to the east. The crustal block represented by the Lillooet Lake - EARLY TO LATE CRETACEOUS Niut belt,the western Coast Belt and Wrangellia may have Final collapse of the Bridge River basin, including been emplaced to the west of Bridge RiverTerrane along a overlying clastics of the Cayoosh assemblage, occurred in system of sinistral faults (Figure 45). as suggested by Mon- Early to Late Cretaceous time, and gave rise to tht: south- ger et al. (1994). (Note, however, that Monger et ai. pre- eastern Coast - north Cascades contractional orogm. This ferred an Early to mid-Cretaceous age for this collapse was initiated in Hauterivianto Barremian tine with displacement.) This process may have part been of a general subduction of some of the remaining Bridge River oceanic southward migration of arc terranes bordering the North crust, as indicated by the clustering of K-Ar radiomehic American craton due to left-oblique convergence of adja- dates from blnescbists in the Cayoosh-correlative (Monger, cent oceanic lithosphere during Triassic to mid-Cretaceous 1991b) Shuksan metamorphic suite (Browm and Blake, time (Av6 Lallemant and Oldow, 1988). Deformation asso-1987). Shortening of the basin, by way of predominantly ciated with emplacement of the western Coast Belt maybe southwest-directed thrust faults, continued until the early reflected in pre-Callovianfolds documented in the Harrison Late Cretaceous and was accompaniedhy synorogenic clas- Terrane by Mahoney et al. (1995). Middle Jurassic defor- tic sedimentation in the Tyaugbton- Methow basic. These mation is also documented near the boundary between the sediments were derived partly from the westem Coast Belt, western Coast and Insular belts (Monger, 1991a, 1993), partly from uplifted highlands within the orogen itself, and where it included folding as well as sinistral displacement partly froma continental sourceeast of the orogen(Garver, alongnorthweststrikingfaults(WebsterandRay,1990;Ray 1989, 1992; Garver and Brandon, 1994). The influence of and Kilby, 1996). Subduction of oceanic lithosphere be- the latter sonrce area suggests that the defomnatior within

- __- Bulletin 100 177 the southeastern Coast - north Cascades orogen may have The tectonostratigraphic assemblages and mid-Cleta- included its collapse against the North American continental ceous contractional structureswhich characterize the south- margin, andlor have been coincident with major uplift of eastern Coast - north Cascades orogen have not been adjacent North American rocks. Although many geologi- recognized north of 52" latitude, where they pinch ont be- cally-based interpretations suggest that the eastern source tween the Yalakom fault and the Late Jurassic Wilderness terrane comprised adjacent rocks of the Intermontane and Mountain pluton. Van der Heydenet al. (1994) suggest that Omineca belts, paleomagnetic data suggest that this inter- the Wilderness Mountain pluton comprises the hangingvall action occurred3000kilometres farther south along the con- of a west-dipping fault at the northern end of the Eastern tinental margin (Ague and Brandon, 1992; Wynne et al., Waddington thrust belt. Theylink the northem te~mina:ion 1995). of the thrust beltto the original northern terminationof the The Early toLate Cretaceousdevelopment ofthe south- Tyaughton basin,suggesting that the contractional deforma- tion involved rotationalcollapse of the basin about a hinge eastern Coast - north Cascades orogen probably occurred coinciding with this northern paleogeographic bounday. within a framework of continuing east-dipping subduction This model may apply to the entire southeastem Coat - of adjacent oceanic lithosphere along the outboard margin north Cascades orogen, whichis centred about the renmmts oftheInsularBelt(Armstroug, 1988;vanderHeyden,1992; of the Bridge River ocean hasin together with overlying Friedman et al., 1995). Arc volcanics relatedto this subduc- clastic deposits ofthe Tyaughton basinand Cayoosh ass8:m- tion include the Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian to Albian) blage. A northward-tapering paleogeographyto this system Gambier assemblageof the western CoastBelt and correla- of basins may he inferred from the northwardplunge of the tive Ottarasko formation of the Niut belt. Hauterivian strataorogen, away from the structuraland metamorphic culmi- within the hack-arc Relay Mountain Groupare entirely sedi- nation near the international boundary, where McGrcder mentary, hut the overlying (Albian) Taylor Creek Group (1991) postulates a minimum of 400 to 500 kilometre:; of locally includes a significant volcanic component (this east-west shortening. The inferred northward-tapering ge- study; McLaren, 1990). Still younger volcanics,representedometry, prior to mid-Cretaceous contraction, is consislent by the Upper Cretaceous Powell Creek formation are re- with Mongeret al.5 (1994) model of sinistraldisplacerrent stricted to the eastern Coast Belt. This eastward shifearc in of the western Coast Beltas a mechanism for hounding the magmatism with timeis also reflected in the ages of plutonicBridge River hasinto the west (Figure 45, Stage '2). rocks within the southern Coast Belt: Jura-Cretaceous plu- tonism within the western Coast Belt spread eastwardinto LATE CRETACEOUS TO EOCENE the western part of the eastern Coast Beltat ahout 100 Ma Mid to early Late Cretaceous contractional deformation (Albian), and the locus of plutonism then shifted abruptly within the southeastern Coast- north Cascades orogen was eastward at ahout 90Ma, such that Upper Cretaceous plu- followed by dextral strikeslip during Late Cretaceouc; to tons are restricted to the easternCoast Belt (Friedmanet al., late Eocene time. Thischange in tectonicstyle probably re- 1995). lates to an abruptchange in motion ofoffshore ocean plates, The polarity of the short-lived subduction event re- from east to northeast-directed orthogonal converge:lce corded by Early Cretaceous blueschists of the Shuksan with the North American margin to north-directed oblique metamorphic suite is unknown. However, Lynch (1995) convergence (Engehretsonetal., 1985,1995).Dextral faults are most prominent along the eastern edge of the orogen, presents geochemical data suggesting that volcanic rocks of where the Yalakom - Hozameen and Fraser River-, Straight the Gambier assemblage at the south end of the western Creek fault systems account for 200 to 300 kilometres of CoastBeltcomprisepartofaneast-facingarcsituatedabove mainly Tertiary displacement (Umhoefer and Schiarizza, a west to southwest-dipping subduction zone. In contrast, 1993). This tectonic regime may havealso resulted in ab3ut the large-scale patterns of magmatism within the Coast Belt 3000 kilometres of LateCretaceous to Paleocene northw,ud (Armstrong, 1988; van der Heyden, 1992). and the record translation of theentire southeastern Coast - north Cascades from theadjacent seafloor ofJurassic to Tertiary subduction orogen, together with the western Coast and Insularbelts, of oceanic crust beneath the continental margin (Engebret- from thelatitude of northernMexico to its present positon son et al., 1985, 1995), suggest that the bulk of the Coast relative to the North Americancraton (Ague and Brandon, Plutonic Complex and associated volcanic rocks are the 1992; Wynneet al., 1995). More than half of this disp1a:e- products of a long-lived east-dipping subduction zone alongment apparently occurred on structures along or near he the outboard boundary ofthe Insular Belt.The anomalous present day boundary between the southern Coast and [n- arc polarity suggested for the southern partof the Gambier termontane belts (Cowan, 1994; Irving et al., 1995), al- assemblage mayindicate that the Early Cretaceous suhduc- though fault systems with theappropriate sense and timing tion of the remnants of the Bridge River ocean basinto was of displacement have not been documented along t:lis thewest,heneaththesouthernpartofthewesternCoastBelt. boundary.

I78 Geological Survey Brarlch Ague, 1.1. and Brandon, M.T. (1990): Restoration of Offset Along west side ofHarrison Lake, Southwestern British Columbia; the Straight Creek-Fraser Fault System, Washington State Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 441.62 pa,zes. and British Columbia:Geological Society of America, Ab- Ave Lalfemant, H.G. and Oldow, J.S. (1988): F:arly Mesozoic stracts with Programs, Volume 22, page A229. Southward Migration of Cordilleran Transpressior al Terra- Ague, J.J. and Brandon, M.T. (1992): Tilt and Northward Offset nes; Tectonics, Volume. 7, pages 1057-1075. of Cordilleran Batholiths Resolved using Igneous Barome-Barksdale,J.D.(1975):GeologyoftheMethowValley,Clkanogan try; Nature, Volume 360, pages 146-149. County, Washington; Waskington Division of Geclogy and Albino,G.V.(1988):ThePinchiMercuryBelt,CentralBritishCo- Earth Resources, Bulletin 68.72 pages. lumbia: Near-surface Expressionof a Mother Lode-type Bateman, A.M. (1914a): Exploration betweenLilhmt ar.d Chilko MineralizedSystem; GeologicalSocietyofAmerica,Annual Lake,BritishColumbia;inSummaryReport, 1912, Geologi- Meeting, Denver, Colorado, Program with Abstracts, Vol- cal Survey of Canada, pages 177-187. ume 20, Number 7, pages A141-Al42. Bateman, A.M. (1914b): Lillooet Map-Area, B.C.; in S:ununary Anderson, EM. (1945): Knoxville Series in the California Meso- Report,1912,GeologicalSurveyofCanada,pages188-212. zoic; Geological Society of America, Bulletin, Volume 56, Bell, W.A. (1956): Lower Cretaceous Floras of Western Canada; pages 909-1014. Geological Survey ofCanada, Memoir 285,331 p,iges. Anderson, P. (1976):OceanicCrnstandArc-trench GapTectonics Bell, W.A. (1957): Floraof the Upper Cretaceous filanainlo Group in Southwestern British Columbia; Geology, Volume 4, of Vancouver Island, British Columbia;Geologicd Survey pages 443-446. of Canada, Memoir 293.84 pages. Archibald, D.A., Glover,J.K. and Schiarizza, P. (1989): Prelimi- Bevier, M.L. (1983): Regional Stratigraphy and Ageof Chilcotin nary Report on 40Arl39Ar Geochronology of the Warner Group Basalts, South-central British Columbia; Chadian Pass, Noaxe Creek and Bridge River Map Areas(920/3,2; Journal of Earik Sciences, Volume 20, pages 515-574. 92J/16); in GeologicalFieldwork 1988,B.C.MinislryofEn- ergy, MinesandPetroleum Resources, Paper 1989-1, pages Bloos, G. (1983): The Zone of Scklotheimia ma?moreL: (Lower 145-151. Lias)-Hettaugian or Sinemurian?;Newslerrer on Stratigra- pky, Volume 12,pages 123-131. Archibald, D.A., Schiarizza, P. and Gamer,1.1. (1990): 40Ar-39Ar Dating and the Timing of Deformation and MetamorphismBoyle, R.W. (1979): The Geochemistry of Gold and its Ileposits; in the Bridge River Terrane, Southwestern British Columbia Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 280. (920/2; 921/15); in Geological Fieldwork 1989,B.C. Min- Bradford, J.A. (1985): Geology and Alteration in the Taseko River istryofEnergy, MinesandPefroleumResouces,Paper 1990- Area, Southwestern British Columbia; unpublishxl B.Sc. l.pages45-51. thesis, The University of British Columbia, 122 pal:es. Archibald, D.A., Schiarizza, P. and Garver, 1.1. (1991a): Brandon, M.T., Cowan, D.S. and Vance, 1.A. (1988): 'The Late 40Ar/39Ar Evidence for the Age Igneous of and Metamor- Cretaceous San Juan Thrust System, San Juan Islands, phic Events in the Bridge River and Shulaps Complexes, Washington; Geological Society of America, Spec:al Paper Southwestern British Columbia (920/2; 921/15,16);in Geo- 221.81 pages. logical Fieldwork 1990,B.C. Minisfry of Energy, Minesand Brewer, W.M. (1914): Lillooet Mining Division;B.C. Minister of Perroleurn Resouces, Paper 1991-1, pages75-83. Mines, Annual Report, 1913, pages246-273. Archibald, D.A., Gamer, J.I. and Schiarizza, P. (1991b): Ar-Ar Broster, B.E. and Huntley, D.H. (1992): Quatemiuy Stratigraphy Dating of Blueschist from the Bridge River Complex, SW in the East-central Taseko Lakes Area, British Columbia;in British Columbia, and its Tectonic Implications;Geological CurrentResearch,PartA,GeologicalSurveyofC~adn,Pa- Society ofAmerica, 1991 Annual Meeting, San Wiego, Cali- per 92-1A, pages 237-241. fornia, Abstracts with Programs, Volume 23, Number 5, Brown, E.H. (1987): Structural Gwlogy Accrelionqand History page A136. of the Northwest Cascades System, Washington and British Armstrong, R.L. (1988): Mesozoic and Early Cenozoic Magmatic Columbia: GeologicalSocietyofAmerico,Bulletin, Volume Evolution of the Canadian Cordillera;Geological Society of 99,pages 201-214. America, Special Paper 218, pages 55-91. Brown, E.H. and Blake, M.C. (1987): Correlation of Early Creta- Arthur, A.J. (1986): Stratigraphy along the West ofSide Hanisou ceous Blueschists in Washington, Oregon and Northern Lake, Southwestern British Columbia;in Current Research, California; Tectonics, Volume 6, pages 7954%. Part B, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 86-1B, pages Brown, E.H. and Walker, N.W. (1993): A Magma-loading Model 715-720. for Barrovian Metamorphism in the Southeast Ccast Plu- Arthur, A.J. (1987): Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Paleontology of tonic Complex, British Columbia and Washington;Geologi- the West Side ofHarrison Lake, Southwestem British Co- cal Society of America, Bulletin, Volume 105, pages lumbia; unpublishedMSc. thesis, The University of British 479-500. Columbia, 171 pages. Brown, R. (1995): Poison Mountain Porphyq Copper-GAd-Mo- Arthur, A.J., Smith, P.L., Monger, I.W.H. and Tipper, H.W. lybdenum Deposit, South-central British Columbia;in Por- (1993): Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Jurassic Paleontology phyry Deposits of the Northwestern Cordillera c'f North

Bulletin IW I79 ~

British Columbia __

America,Schroeter,T.G.,Editor,Ca~dianlnstitufeofMin- Church, B.N. and MacLean, M.E. (1987b): Geology and Miner- ing, Metallurgy and Petroleum, Special Volume 46, pages alization in the Vicinityof the Mary Mac Mine:in Explora- 343-351 tion in British Columbia 1986, B.C. Ministry of Energy, Cairnes, C.E. (1937): Geology and Mineral Depositsthe ofBridge Mines and Petroleum Resources, pages B33-B37. River Mining Camp, British Columbia;Geological Survey Church, B.N. and MacLean, M.E.(1987~): A New Nickel Occur- of Canada, Memoir 213,140 pages. rence in the Bridge River Camp; in Exploration in British Cairnes, C.E. (1943): GeologyandMineralDepositsofTydughton Columbia 1986,B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Pdro- LakeArea,BritishColumhia;GeologicolSurveyof Canada, leum Resources, pages B37-B40. Paper 43-15,39 pages. Church, B.N., Dostal, J., Owen, J.V. and Peltipas, A:R. (1995): Callomon, J.H. (1984): A Review of the Biostratigraphy of the Late Paleozoic Gabbroic Rocks theof Bridge River Accre- pat-lower Bajocian Jurassic Ammonites of Western and tionary Complex, Southwestern British Columbia: Geology Northern North America; in Jurassic-Cretaceous Biochro- and Geochemistry; Geol Rundsch, Volume 84, pages’!IO- nology and Paleogeography of North America, Wester- 719. mann, G.E.G., Editor, Geological Association of Canada, Church, B.N., Gaba, R.G., Hanna, M.J. and James, D.A.R. Special Paper 27, pages 143-174. (1988a): Geological Reconnaissance in the Bridge River Calon, T.J., Malpas, J.G. and Macdonald, R. (1990):The Anatomy Mining Camp (92J/lS, 16,IO; 920/02); in Geological Field- of the Shulaps Ophiolite; in Geological Fieldwork 1989, work 1987, B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Resources, Paper 1988-1, pages 93-100. Paper 1990-1, pages 375386. Church, B.N., MacLean,M., Gaha, R.G.,Hanna,M.J. andJames, Cameron, B.E.B. and Monger, J.W.H. (1971): Middle Triassic D.A. (1988h): Geologyof the Bralorne Map Area (921115); B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Conodonts from the Fergusson Group, Northeastern Pem- Open File 1988-3. berton Map-Area (92J);in Report of Activities, PartGeo- B, IogicalSurVey ofCanada, Paper 71-1, pages 94-96. Church, B.N. and Pehipas, A.R. (1989): Research and Exploration intheBridgeRiverMiningCamp(9W/15,16);inGeolo~ical Campbell, J.D. (1958): En Echelon Folding;Economic Geology, Fieldwork 1988,B. C. Ministry of Energy,Mines and Pe fro- Volume 53, Number 4, pages 448-472. IeumResources, Paper 1989-1, pages 105-114. Camsell, C. (1912): Geology of a Portion of Lillooet Mining Di- Clague, J.J. and Evans, S.G. (1994): A Gravitational Origin forthe vision, YaleDistrict, British Columbia;in Summary Report, Hell Creek ‘Fault’, British Columbia; in Current Research 1911,Geo~ogiculSurveyofCanadapages111-115. 1994-A, CeobgicalSurvey of Canada, pages 19:1-200. Camsell, C. (1919): Copper Mountain, Gun Creek; in Summary Clague, J.J., Evans, S.G., Rampton, V.N. and Woodsworth, t3.J. Report, 1918, Part B,Geological Survey of Canada pages (1995): Improved Age Estimates for the White River and 25B-28B. Bridge River Tephras, Western Canada;Canadian Jou.ml Church, B.N. (1987a): Geology and Mineralization the of Bridge of Earth Sciences, Volume 32, pages 1172-1 179. River Mining Camp (92J/15,920/2,92J/lO);in Geological Coates, J.A. (1974): Geology ofthe Manning Park Area, British Fieldwork 1986,B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petro- Columbia; Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 238, 177 leum Resources, Paper 1987-1, pages 23-29. pages. Church, B.N. (1987b): Lithogeochernistry of the Gold-Silver Cole, M.R. (1973): Petrology and Dispersal Patterns of Jurassic Veins and Country Rocks inthe Blackdome Mine Area;in andCretaceousRocksintheMethowRiverArea,North(:as- Exploration in British Columbia 1986,B.C. Ministry of En- cades, Washington; unpublished Ph.D. thesis, The Unijer- ergy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, pages B40-B49. sify of Washington, 110 pages. Church, B.N. (1989): Moss-mat Stream Sampling in the Bridge Coleman, M. (1989): Geology of Mission Ridge, Near Lillooet, River Mining Camp (92J/10,15,16);in Exploration in Brit- British Columbia (921, J); in Geological Fieldwork 1988, ish Columbia 1988,B.C.MinistryofEnergy, MinesandPe- B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resourzes, troleumResources, pages B103-Bl06. Paper 1989-1, pages 99-104. Church, B.N. (1990a): Tectonomagmatic Setting of the Pioneer Coleman,M.E.(1990):EoceneDextralSvike-slipandE:~tenskural Volcanics and Related Greenstones, Bridge River Area, Faulting in theBridgeRiverTenane, Southwest British20- SouthwesternB.C.; GeologicolAssociationof CanaddMin- lumbia; unpublishedMSc. thesis, Ottawa-Carleton Gas- eralogical Association of Canada, Annual Meeting, Van- cience Centre and Carleton Universiry, 87 pages. couver. B.C., Program with Abstracts, Volume 15, page A24. Coleman, M. (1991): Geology of the Mission Ridge Area,South- western Brifish Columbia (92JA2.13; 927/9,16); .B.C. k!in- Church, B.N. (1990b): The Control and Timing of Gold Quartz istry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Open File Veins in the Bralome- Pioneer Area, Bridge River Mining 1991-13. Camp, B.C.;GeologicalAssocialionof CanaddMineralogi- Coleman, M.E. and Parrish, R.R. (1991): Eocene Dexh’al Strike- cal Association of Canada, Annual Meeting, Vancouver. B.C., Program with Abstracts, Volume 15, pageAm. slip and Extensional Faulting inthe Bridge River Tenrne, Southwest British Columbia; Tectonics, Volume IO, Church, B.N. (1996): Bridge River Mining Camp Geology and Number 6, pages 1222-1238. B.C. Ministry Energy, Mines andPe- Mineral Deposits; of Cordey, F. (1986): Radiolarian Ages frum the Cache Creek ;md troleum Resources, Paper 1995-3,159 pages. Bridge River Complexes and from Chert PebblesCn:ta- in Church, B.N. and MacLean, M.E. (1987a): Geology of the Gold ceous Conglomerates, Southwestern British Columhia, in BridgeArea(92JllSW);B.C.MinistryofEnergy,Mitresand CurrentResearch,PaRA,GeologicaISurveyofCanada,Pa- Petroleum Resources, Open File 1987-1 1. per 86-1A, pages 595-602.

I80 Geological Survey Bra:tch Cordey, F. (1988): Etude des Radiolaires Permiens, Triasiqueset Dolmage, V. (1929): Gun Creek Map-Area, British Colnlmbia;in Jumssiques des Complexes Ophiolitiquesde Cache Creek, Summary Report, 1928, Part A,Geological Survey of Can- Bridge River et Hozameen (Colombie-Britarmique, Can- ada, pages 18-93. ada): Implications Paleogeographiques et Strncturales: Dostal, J. and Church, B.N. (1992): Geology, Lithochenistry and Memoires des Sciencesde la Terre, doctoral thesis,I’Uni- Tectonic Setting of the Pioneer Basalts, Bridge Ri fer Area, versiti Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 398 pages. British Columbia; Geological Association of Can,lda/Min- Cordey, F. (1990): Radiolarian Age Determinations from the Ca- eralogical Association of Canada, Annual Meeting, nadian Cordillera; in Current Research, PartE, Geological Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Program with Abstracts, Volume Survey of Canada, Paper 90-1E, pages 121-126. 17, page A28. Cordey, F. (1991): Dating Otherwise Undatable RocksIt Radio- Dostal, J. and Church, B.N. (1994): Geology and Geochemistry of larians - The ‘Qu- Watches’ of the Canadian Cordillera: the Volcanic Rocks of the Pioneer Formation, Bric!ge River GEOS, Volume20, Number 3, pages 35-40. Area, Southwestern British Columbia (Canwia);G,zological Cordey, F. and Schiarizza, P. (1993): Long-lived Panthalassic Magazine, Volume 131 (Z), pages 243-253. Remnant: The Bridge River Accretionary Complex, Cana- Drysdale, C.W. (1916): Bridge River Map-Area,lillooet Mining dian Cordillera;Geology, Volume 21, pages 263-266. Division; in Summary Report, 1915, Geological Survey of Canada, pages 75-85. Cordey, F., Mortimer, N., DeWever, P. and Monger, J.W.H. (1987): SignificanceofJurassicRadiolariansfromtheCache Drysdale, C.W. (1917): Bridge River Map-Area,LiUmt Mining Creek Terrane, British Columbia; Geology, Volume 15, Division; in Summary Report, 1916, Geological !:urvey of pages 1151-1154. Canada, pages 45-53.. Cowan, D.S. (1994): Alternative Hypotheses for the Mid-Creta- Duffell, S. and McTaggart, K.C. (1952): Ashcroff Map A!ea, BIit- ceous Paleogeography of the Westem Cordillera:Geologi- ish Columbia; Geological Survey of Cad,Memoir 262, calSociefy ofAmerica,GSA Today, Volume 14, pages 181, 122 pages. 184-186. Engebretson, D.C., Cox, A. and Gordon, R.G. (1985): Relative Crickmay, C.H. (1930): Fossils from Harrison Lake Area, British Motion Between Oceanic and Continental Plates ill the Pa- Columbia: National Museumof Canada, Bulletin 63, pages cific Basin; Geological Society of America, Special Paper 33-113. 206,59 pages. Croft, S.A.S., Britton, J.M. and Sadlier-Brown, T.L. (1986): Re- Engebretson,D.C.,Kelley,K.P.,Burmester, R.F. andBlake,M.C. port on the Geochemistry and Mineral occurrenceson the Jr. (1995): North American Plate Interactions Re-visited; Eva-Ave Claim Group;E. C. 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(1967): Middle Callovian &:dimen- ment Report 11037. tag Rocks and Guide Ammonites from Southweshm Brit- Dawson,J.M.(1982b):GeoIogicaIandGeochemicalReportonthe ish Columbia: Geological Survey of Canada, Pap: 67-2 I, Big Claims:B.C. Ministry of Energy,Mines and Petroleum 29 pages. Resources, Assessment Report 10925 Frebold, H. and Tipper, H.W. (1970): Status of the Jumss-c in the Dickinson, W.R. and Suzcek,C. (1979): PlateTectonicsandSand- Canadian Cordillera of British Columbia, and stone Compositions;American Association of Petroleum Southern Yukon:Canadian Journal ofEarth Scienczs, Vol- Geologists, Bulletin, Volume 63, pages 21642182. ume 7. pages 1-21. Dickinson, W.R., Beard, L.S., Brakenridge, G.R., Erjavec, J.L., Frebld, H., Tipper, H.W. and Coates, J.A. (1969): Toarcian and Ferguson, R.C., Inman, K.F., Knepp, R.A., Lindberg, EA. Bajocian Rocks and Guide Ammonites from Southwestern and Ryberg, P.T. 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Bulletin 100 181 British Columbia

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Bar Area, South-central British Columbia: !;tratigraphy, Geochronology, and Palynology of the Tertiary Beds and Miller, M.G. (1988): Possible Pre-Cenozoic Left-lateril Slip on the Yalakom Fault, Southwestem British Columkia;Geol- their Relationshipto the Fraser Fault; Canadian Journal of EarfhSciences, Volume 21,pages 1132-1144. ogy, Volume 16, pages 584-587. Miller, R.B. (1991): Tectonic Implications of Dcfom.tion Pat- McCammon, J.W. (1965): Dot, Silvequick, etc. (Silverquick De- terns in the Tilted Cardinal Peak Pluton, North (!ascades, velopmentCompanyB.C.Ltd.);B.C.MinisrerofMines,An- Washington; GeologicalSociety ofAmerica,Abstracts with nual Report 1964, pages 81-83. Programs, Volume 23, page 79. McCann, W.S. (1922): Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Miller, R.B. (1994): A Mid-crustal Contractional Stepover Zone Bridge River Map-Area, British Columbia;Geological Sur- in a Major Strike-slip System, North Cascades, Washington; vey of Canado, Memoir 130,115 pages. Journal of Structural Geology, Volume 16, pages 47-60. McGroder, M.F. (1987): Yalakom- Foggy Dew Fault: A 5q+) Miller,R.B.,andBowring,S.A.(1990):StructureilndC~ronology km Long Late Cretaceous- Paleogene Oblique-slip Fault in ofthe0valPeakBatholitbandAdjacentRocks:Im~)lications Washington and British Columbia; Geological Society of for the Ross Lake Fault Zone, North Cascades, Washington; America, Abstracts with Program, Volume 19, page 430. GeologicolSocietyofAmenc~Bulletin, Volume 1D2,pages McGroder, M.F. (1989): Structural Geometry and Kinematic Evo- 1361-1377. lution of the Eastern Cascades Foldbelt, Washington and Miller, R.B. and Paterson, S.R. (1992): Tectonic Implications of British Columbia;Canadian Journal ofEarth Sciences, Vol- Syn-and Post-emplacement Deformation of the MountStu- ume 26, pages 1586-1602. art Batholith for Mid-Cretaceous Orogenesis in(he Noah

Bulletin 100 185 Cascades; Canadian Jouml ofEarth Sciences, Volume 29, Monger, J.W.H. and Ross, C.A. (1971): Distribution of Fululi- pages 479-485. naceans in the Canadian Cordillera: Canadian Jouml of Miller, R.B., Mattison, J.M., Goetsch Funk, S.A., Hopson, C.A. Earth Sciences, Volume 8, pages 259-278. and Treat, C.L. (1993a) Tectonic Evolution of Mesozoic Monger, J.W.H., F'rice, R.A. andTempelrnan-Kluit, D.J. (19,12): Rocks in the Southern and Central Washington Cascades;in Tectonic Accretion and the Origin of the Two Mtjor Mata- Mesozoic Paleogeography of the Western UnitedSlates-E, morphic and Plutonic Welts in the Canadian Cordillera:Ge- Dunne, G. and McDougall,K., editors, Society of Economic ology, Volume 10, pages 70-75. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Section, Bwk Monger, J.W.H.,Jonrneay, J.M.,Greig,C.J. andRublee, J. (1990): 71, pages 81-98. Swcture, TecIoNcs and Evolution of Coast, Cascade and Miller, R.B., Whitney, D.L. and Geary, E.E. (1993b): Tectono- SouthwesternIntermontaneBelts,SouthwesternElritish Co- stratigraphic Terranes and the Metamorphic History of the lumbia; notes to accompany Field Trip B6,Geological As- Northeastern part of the Crystalline Core of the North Cas- sociatin of Canada - Mineralogical Association qfCarurda, cades: Evidence from the Twisp Valley Schist; Canadian Annual Meeting, Vancouver, B.C., 91 pages. Journal of Earth Sciences, Volume 30. pages 1306-1323. Monger, J.W.H., van der Heyden, P., Jonrneay, J.M., Evenchick, Misch, P. (1966): Tectonic Evolutionof the Northern Cascades of C.A.andMahoney,J.B.(1994):Jurassic-CretaceousBarins Washington State - A West-Cordilleran Case History;Ca- along the Canadian Coast Belt: Their Bearingon pre-rud- nadian Insiituteof Mining andMetallurgy, Special Volume Cretaceous Sinistral Displacements;Geology, Volume 22, 8, pages 101-148. pages 175-178. Misch, P. (1977): Dextral Displacements at Some Major Strike Moms, R.J. (1985): Geological, Geochemicaland Drilling Report on the Wayside Claims;B. C. Ministry of Energy, Mines2nd Faults in the Northern Cascades;Geological Association of Petroleum Resources, Assessment Report 14164. Canada, Annual Meeting 1977, Program with Abstracts: Volume 2, page 37. Musial, J. (1988): The MotherLode Belt; Northern Miner Mcga- zine, September, 1988, Volume3, Number 9, pages 21-24. Monger, J.W.H. (1977): Upper Paleozoic Rocks of the Western Canadian Cordillera and their Bearingon Cordilleran Evo- Mustard, P.S. and van der Heyden, P. (1994): Stratipaphy and lution; Canadian Journal of Eanh Sciences, Volume 14, Sedimentology of the Tatla Lake- Bussel Creek Map Areas, pages 1832-1859. West-central British Columbia; in Current Research 1994- A, Geological Survey of Canada, pages 95-104. Monger, J.W.H. (1985): Structural Evolution of the SouthwesternMustard, P.S., van der Heyden, P. and Friedman, R. (1!>94): l're- Intermontane Belt, Ashcroft and Hope Map Areas, British liminary Geologic Map, Tatla Me- Bussel Creek (IIast Columbia; in Current Research, Part A,Geological Survey Half), NTS 92N/15,92N114 (East Half),Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 1985-1A. pages 349-358. of Canada, Open File 2957, 150OOO scale. Monger, J.W.H. (1986): Geology between Harrison Lake and Nagel,J.J.(1979):TheGeologyofPartoftheShulapsUltramfite Fraser River, HopeMap Area, Southwestern British Colnm- near Jim Creek, Southwestem British Columbia; unpub- bia; in Current Research, Part GeologicalB, Survey of Can- lished MSc. thesis, The University of British Columbia 74 ada, Paper 86-1B, pages 699-706. pages. Monger, J.W.H. (1989): Geology, Hope, British Columbia (92H); Nasmith, H., Mathews, W.H. and Rouse, G.E. (1967): Brilge GeohgicalSruveyof Canada, Map 41-1989, sheet1, scale River Ash and some other Recent Ash Beds in British130- 1:250 m. lumbia; Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Voluml: 4, Monger, J.W.H. (19%): Georgia Basin: Regional Setting and Ad- pages 163-170. jacent Coast Mountains Geology, British Columbia;in Cur- Naylor,M.A.,Mandl,G.andSijpesteijn,C.H.K.(1986):Fault'3e- rent Research, PartF, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper ometries in Basement Induced Wrench Faulting Under IXf- 90-1F. pages 95-107. ferent Initial StressStates; Journal of Structural Geolqy, Volume pages 737-752. Monger, J.W.H. (1991a): Georgia Basin Project: Structural Evo- 8, lution of Parts of Southern Insular and Southwestern Coast Nelson, J.L. (1979): The Western Margin of the Coast Plutcnic Belts, British Columbia;in Current Research, PartA, Geo- Complex on Hardwicke and West Thnrlow Islands,Briish IogicalSurvey of Canada, Paper 91-1A, pages 219-228. Columbia; Canadian Journal ofEarthSciences, Volume 16, pages 1166-1175. Monger, J.W.H. (1991b): Correlationof Settler Schist with Dar- rington Pbyllite and Shuksan Greenschist and its Tectonic Nesbitt, B.E. (1988): Gold Deposit Continuum: A Genetic Mcdel Implications, Coast and Cascade Mountains, British Colum- for LodeAu Mineralization in the Continental Crust:Gml- bia and Washington;Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, ogy, Volume 16, pages 10441048. Volume 28, pages 447-458. O'Brien, J.A. (1985):BiostratigraphyoftheLowerJurassic(Sine- rnurian) Tyaughton Group, Taseko Lakes Map Area, South Monger, J.W. H. (1993): Georgia Basin Project- Geology of Van- Central British Columbia; unpublished B.Sc. thesis, ?he couver Map Area, British Columbia; in Current Research, University of British Columbia, 89 pages. Part A, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 93-1A, pages 149-157. O'Brien, J. (1986): Jurassic Stratigraphy of the Methow Trough, Southwestern British Columbia; in Current Research, Part Monger, J.W.H. and Journeay, J.M. (1994): Guideto the Geology B, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 86-1B, pages 7,19- and Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Coast Mountains; 756. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 2490. O'Brien, J.A. (1987): Jurassic Biostratigraphy and Evolution of

Monger, J.W.H. and McMillan, W.J. (1989): Geology, Ashcroft, the Methow Trough, Southwestern British Columbia; 'm- British Columbia (921);Geological Survey ofCanada, Map published MSc. thesis, The University of Arimna, 150 42-1989, sheet 1, scale 1:250 OOo. pages.

I86 Branch Geological Survey Minisfry of Employmentand Ifi vestment

O'Brien, J.A., Gehrels, G.E. and Monger, J.W.H. (1992): U-Ph B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Geochronology of Plutonic Clasts from Conglomerates in Paper 1988-1. pages 125-130. the Ladner and Jackass Mountain Groups and the PeninsulaPearson, D.E. (1975): Bridge River Map-Area (9D/15) in Geo- Formation, Southwestern British Columbia;in Current Re- logical Fieldwork 1974,B.C. Minislry of Energy, Wines and search, Part A,Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 92-1A. Petroleum Resources, pages 35-39. pages 209-214. Pearson, D.E. (1977): Mineralization in the Bridge River Camp O'Grady, B.T. (1937): Congress Gold Mines Ltd.;B.C. Minister (92J/IOW, 1lE, 14E, 15W); in Geology in Blitish C!olumbia of Mines, Annual Report, 1936, pages FlO-Fl3. 1975, B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and PefroreumRe- Orchard, M.J. (1981): Triassic conodonts fromthe Cache Creek sources, pages G57-G63. Group, Marble Canyon, Southern British Columbia;in Cur- Potter, C.J. (1983): Geology theof Bridge River Comple:i, South- rent Research, Part A,Geological Survey of Canada, Paper ern Shulaps Range, British Columbia: A Rerord of Meso- SI-IA, pages 357-359. zoic Convergent Tectonics; unpublished Ph.D. th,:sis, The Oshorne,W.W.andAllen,D.G.(1995):TheTasekoCopper-Gold- University of Washington, 192 pages. Molybdenum Deposits, Central British Colunihia; in Por- Potter, C.J. (1986): Origin, Accretion and Post-accretionary Evo- phyry Deposits of the Northwestern Cordillera of North lution of the Bridge River Terrane, Southwest British Co- America, Schroeter, T.G., Editor,Canadianlnstitute ofMin- lnmhia; Tectonics, Volume 5, pages 1027-1041. ing, Metallurgy and Petroleum, Special Volume 46, pages 441-450. Poulton, T.P. and Tipper, H.W. (1991): Aalenian hmmo.1ites and Strata of Western Canada; Geological Survey of Canada, Pilfy, J. (1991): Uppermost Hettangian to Lowermost Bulletin 411,71 pages. Pliensbachian (Lower Jurassic) Biostratigraphy and Am- monoid Fauna of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Co- Poulton, T.P., Callomon, J.H. and Hall, R.L. (1991): Bathonian through Oxfordian (Middle and Upper Jurassic) Marine lumbia; unpublished MSc. thesis, Universify of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia. Macrofossil Assemblages and Correlations, Boww Lake Group, West-central Spatsizi MapArea, No~westernBrit- Panteleyev, A. (1992): Copper-Gold-Silver Deposits Transitional ish Columbia:in Current Research, Part GeologA, kal Sur- Between Suhvolcanic Porphyry and Epithermal Environ- vey of Canada, Paper 91-1A, pages 59-63. ments; in Geological Fieldwork 1991,B.C. Minisfry of En- ergy, Minesandpetroleum Resources, Paper 1992-1, pages Price, B.J. (1983): Geological Report, Olympic-KelvinItoperty; 231-234. B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Assessment Report 11 139. Parrish, R.R. (1987): An Improved Micro-capsule for Zircon Dis- Price, G. (1986): Geology and Mineralisation, Taylor-'Kindfall solution in U-Pb Geochronology;Isotope Geoscience, Vol- Gold Prospect, British Columbia, Canada: unpllblished ume 66, pages 99-102. MSc. thesis, Oregon State University, 144 pages. Parrish, R.R. (1992): U-Pb Ages for Cretaceous Plutons in the Price, R.A. (1979): lntracontinental Ductile Crustal Spreading Eastern Coast Belt, Southern British Columbia; in Radio- Linking the Fraser River and Northern Rocky Nlonntain genic Age andIsotopic Studies; Reports;GeologicalSurvey Trench Transform Fault Zones, South-central Brilish Co- of Canada, Paper 91-2, pages 109.1 13. lumbia and Northeast Washington; Geological Society of Panish, R.R. and Coleman, M.E. (1990): A Modelof Middle Eo- America, Abstracts with Programs, Volume 11, paj:e 499. cene Extension and Strike-slip Faulting for the Canadian Price, R.A. and Carmichae1,D.M. (1986): GeometricTest forLate Cordillera and Pacific Northwest;GeologicalAssociation of Cretaceous-Paleogene Intracontinental Transform Faulting Canada /Mineralogical Association Canada, of Annual in the Canadian Cordillera;Geology, Volume 14, pa:es 468- Mecting, Vancouver, B.C., Program with Abstracts, Volume 471. 15, pageA101. Price,R.A.,Monger,J.W.H.andRoddick,J.A.(1985):Co1dilleran Panish, R.R., and Krogh, T.E. (1987): Synthesis and Purification Cross-section,Calgary to Vancouver; in Field Guidwto Gc- of 205Pb for U-Pb Geochronology; Isofope Geoscience, ology and Mineral Deposits in the Southern Canadan Cor- Volume66,pages 111-121. dillera, Tempelman-Kluit, D., Editor,Geological Society of Panish, R.R. and Monger, J.W.H. (1992): New U-Pb Datesfrom America, Cordilleran Section Annual Meeting, Varcouver, Southwestern British Columbia;in Radiogenic Age and Iso- B.C., pages 3.1-3.85. topic Studies; Report5;Geological Survey of Canada, Paper Psutka, J.F. (1995): Paleoseismic Study of the BridgeRiva Area, 91-2, pages 87-108. Southwestem British Columbia;B.C. Hydro, Mainienance, Parrish, R.R., Cam, S.D. and Parkinson, D.L. (1988): EoceneEx- Engineering and Projects, Internal Report No. MEF40. tensional Tectonics and Geochronology of the southern Ray, G.E. (1986): The Hozameen Fault System and Relrted Co- OminecaBelt, British Columbiaand Washington;Tectonics, quihalla Serpentine Belt of Southwestern British Columbia; Volume7, pages 181-212. Canadian Journal of Earfh Sciences, Volume 2?, pages Panish, R.R.,Roddick, J.C.,Loveridge, W.D., andSnllivan,R.W. 1022-1041. (1987): Uranium-Lead Analytical Techniques at the Geo- Ray, G.E. and Kilby, C.E. (1996): The Geology and Geochemistry chronology Laboratory;Geological Survey of Canada, Pa- of the Mineral Hill - Wormy Lake Wollastonite Skarns, per 87-2, pages 3-7. Southem British Columbia;in Geological Fieldwork 1995, Paterson, I.A. (1974): Geology of Cache Creek Group and Meso- Grant, B. and Newell, J.M., Editors,B.C. Ministry of.Ynergy, zoic Rocks at the NoahernEnd of the Stuart Lakc Belt, Cen- Mines and Petroleum Resources, Paper 1996..1, pages 227- tral British Columbia; in Report of Activities, Geological ?dl. Survey of Canada, Paper 74-1, Part B, pages 31-42. Read, P.B. (1979): Geology of Meager Creek Geothermal Area, Payne, D.F. and Russell, J.K. (1988): Geology of the NJount Sheba British Columbia;Geological Survey of Canada, Ojan File Igneous Complex (920/03);in Geological Fieldwork 1987, 603.

Bulletin 100 187 ~~~ ~ ~~~~

Read, P.B. (1988): Tertiary Stratigraphy and Industrial Minerals, Rouse, G.E., Mathews, W.H. and Lesack, K.A. (1990): A Pa- Fraser River: Lytton to Gang Ranch, Southwestern British lynological and Geochronological Investigation of Meso- CoIumbia(92V5,12,13,92J/16,920/1,8,92P/4);B.C.Min- zoic and Cenozoic rocks inthe Chilcotin - Nechako Reljon istry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Open File of Central British Columbia; in Current Research, Pat F, 1988-29. GeoiogicalSuweyofCanuda,Paper90-1F,page!;129-133. Read, P.B. (1990): Cretaceous and Tertiary Stratigraphy and In- Rubin, C.M., Saleeby, J.B., Cowan, D.S., Brandon, M.T. and dustrial Minerals, HatCreek British Columbia (921/12,13, McGroder, M.F. (1990): Regionally Extensive Mid-Creta- 14); B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Re- ccous West-vergentThrustSystemintheNorthwestem(!or- sources, Open File 1990-23. dillera: Implications for Continent-rnargin Tectonism; Read, P.B. (1992): Geology of Parts of Riske Creek and Alkali Geology, Volume 18, pages 276-280. Lake Areas, British Columbia;in Current Research, Part A, Rusmore, M.E. (1985): Geology and Tectonic Significanceof the GeologicalSurveyofCanada,Paper92-1A,pages105-112. Upper Triassic Cadwallader Group and its Bounding Faults, Read, P.B. (1993): Geologyof NortheastTasekoIakcs Map Area, Southwest British Columbia; unpublished Ph.D. thesis,The Southwestern British Columbia;in Current Research, Part Universiiry ofWashington, 174 pages. A, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 93-1A. pages 159- Rusmore, M.E. (1987): Geology of the Cadwallader Group and the 166. Intermontane-InsularSupertenaneBoundary,Southwesm~ Read, P.B., Cordey, F. and Orchard, M.J. (1995): Stratigraphy and British Columbia:Canudian Journal OfEarthSciences,Vol- Relationship ofthe Cache Creek and Cadwallader Terranes, ume 24, pages 2279-2291. South-central B.C.; Geological Association of Canada - Rusmore, M.E. and Woodsworth, G.1. (1989): A Note on the Coast Mineralogical Association of Canada, Annual Meeting, - Intermontane Belt Transition, Mount Waddin,gon P4ap Victoria, British Columbia, Program and Abstracts,Volume Area, British Columbia;in Current Research, Part E,C'eo- 20, page A-88. logical Survey of Canada, Paper 89-1E, pages 163-167. Reeside, J.B. Jr. (1919): Some American Jurassic Ammonitesof Rusmore, M.E. and Woodsworth, G.J. (199Ia): Distribution and the Genera Quenstedticerus, Cardioceras, and Amoebo- TectonicSignificanceofUpperTriassicTerranesintheEast- ceras, Family Cardioceratidae; United States Geological em Coast Mountains and Adjacent Intermontane :Belt,E& Survey, Professional Paper118. ish Columbia;Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Volume Rice, H.M.A. (1947): Geology and Mineral Depositsthe ofPrince- 28, pages 532-541. ton Map Area, British Columbia:Geological Survey of Can- Rusmore, M.E. and Wwdsworth, G.J. (1991b): Coast Plutmic ada, Memoir 243. Complex: A mid-Cretaceous Contractional Orogen; Gq.01- Richardson, 1. (1876): Report on Explorationsin British Colum- ogy, Volume 19, pages 941-944. bia: in Report of Progress for 1874-75,Geological Survey of Rusmore, M.E. and Woodsworth, G.J. (1993): Geological Maps Canada, pages 71-83. of the MI. Queen Bess (9ZNn) and Razorback Moun:ain (92N110) Map Areas, Coast Mountains, BritishColum~,ia: Riddell,J.M.(1992):Swcture,StratigraphyandContactRelation- ships in Mesozoic Volcanic and Sedimentary Rocks,of east GeologicalSurveyofCanada,OpenFile2586,2sh.eets,130 Pemberton, Southwestern British Columbia; unpublished OOO scale. MSc. thesis, The Universiiy ofMontana, 162 pages. Rusmore, M.E. and Woodsworth, G.J. (1994): Evolution of the Riddell, J., Schiarizza, P., Gaba, R.G., Caira, N. and Findlay, A. Eastern Waddington Thrust Belt and its Relationto the Mid- (1993a): Geology and Mineral Occurrences of the Mount Cretaceous Coast Mountain Arc, Western British Columbia; Tallow Map Area (920/5, 6, and 12); in Geological Field- Tecronics, Volume 13, pages 1052-1067. work 1992, B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Rusmore, M.E., Potter, C.J. and Umhoefer, P.J. (1988): Micdle Resuwces. Paper 1993-1, pages 37-52. Jurassic Terrane Accretion along the Western Edge of the Riddell, I., Schiarizza, P., Gaba, R., McLaren, G. and Rouse, J. IntermontancSuperterrane,SouthwestemBritishColuml,ia; Geology, Volume 16, pages 891-894. (1993b): Geology of the Mount Tatlow Map Area(920/5, 6, 12); B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Re- Sadlier-Brown, T.L. and Nevin, A.E. (1977): A Report on a Ilia- sources, Open File 1993-8. mond-Drilling Project on the Wolf and Cub MineralClams B.C. Ministry ofEnergy, Mixes Robertson, W.F. (191I): Lillooet District;B.C. MinisterofMines, (Formerly TungstenQueen); Annual Report, 1910, pages K134-KI48. and Petroleum Resources, Assessment Report 62117. Schiarizza, P (1996): Tatlayoko Project Update (92N/8, 9, IO; Robinson, W.C. (1966):Dot, Silvequick, etc. (Silverquick Devel- 920/5,6, 12); in Geological Fieldwork 1995, Grant, B. ;md opment Company B.C. Ltd.); B.C. Minister of Mines, An- nual Report 1965, pages 144-145. Newell, J.M., Editors, B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines rrnd Petroleum Resources, Paper 1996-1, pages 77-91. Roddick,J.A. andHutchison,W.W. (1973): Pemberton(EaslHalf) Schiarizza, P., Gaba, R.G., Glover, J.K. and Garver,J.I. (1989a): Map Area, British Columbia;GeologicalSurvey of Canada, Geology and Mineral Occurrences of the Tyaughton Cn:ek Paper 73-17,21 pages. Area (920/2, 92J/15,16): in Geological Fieldwork 1938, Roddick, J.A., Muller, J.E. and Okulitch, A.V. (1979): Fraser B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and PetroleumResouri.es, River, B.C.-Washington 1:1,000,000 Geological Atlas, Paper 1989-1, pages 115-130. Sheet 92;Geological Survey of Canada, Map 1386A. Schiarizza, P., Gaba, R.G., Gmcr,J.I., Glover, J.K., Church, B.N., Roddick, J.C. (1987): Generalized Numerical Error Analysis with Umhoefer, P.J., Lynch, T., Sajgalik, P.P., Safton, K.E.,.b- Application to Geochronology and Thermodynamics;Geu- chibald,D.A., Calon,T.,Maclean,M..Hanna,M.J., Ridddl, chimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Volume 51, pages 2129- J.L. and James, D.A.R. (1989b): Geology and Mineral1'0- 2135. tential of the Tyaughton Creek Area (92Y1.5, 16: 92012);

I88 Brmtch Geological Survey Ministry of Employment and In vesmenf

B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Sibson, R.H., Robert, F. and Poulsen, K.H. (1988): High-angle Open File 1989-4. Reverse Faults, Fluid-pressure Cycling, and Mesothermal andFluid-pressureCycling, Faults, Reverse 1989-4. File Open 16,pages 551-555. Schiarizza, P., Gaba, R.G., Coleman, M.,Garver, J.I. and Glover, Gold-QuartzDeposits;Geology,Volume J.K. (1990a): Geology and Mineral Occurrences of the Soues,F. (1887):LiUooet; E.C. MinisterofMines, Annu.dReport YalakomRiver Area 1920/1.2: 921/15,1633 in Geoloxicalfor 1886, pages 206-212.

" Schiarizza, P., Gaha, R.G., Coleman,M., Glover, J.K., Macdonald,Soues,F. (1898): LillooetDistrict;B.C. MinisterofMine!:, Annual R., Calon, T., Malpas, J., Garver, 1.1. and Archibald, D.A. Report for 1897, pages 555-559. (1990h): Geology and Mineral Potential of the Yalakom J.S. River Area (921/15,16; 920/1,2);E.C. Ministry of Energy, Stacey, and Kramers, J.D. (1975): Approximation of Terres- Mines and Petroleum Resources, Open File 1990-10. trial Lead Isotope Evolution by a Two-stage Model;Earfh and Planetary Science Leners, Volume 26, pages :!07-221. Schiarizza, P., Gamer, J.I., Glover, J.K., Gaba, R.G. andUmhoe- fer, P.J. (1990~):Mid-Cretaceous Structural History of the Stasiuk, M.V. and Russell, J.K. (1989): Petrography and Chemis- TasekoLakes-BridgeRiverArea,SouthwesternBritishCo- try of the Meager Mountain Volcanic CompYex, Scuthwest- lumbia: Panof the Boundary betweenthe Intermontane and ern British Columbia; in Cnrent Research, Part E, Insular Superterranes; Geological Association of Canada - Geological Survey of Cad,Paper 89-lE. pages 189-196. Mineralogical Association of Canada, Annual Meeting, Steiger, R.H. andJager, E. (1977): Snbcommissionon Geochro- Vancouver. B.C., Program with Abstracts, Volume 15, page nology: Conventionon the Use of Decay Constans inGeo A118. and Cosmochronology: Earth and Planetary Scimce Let- Schiarizza, P., Gaha, R.G., Gamer, J.I., Glover, J.K., Macdonald, ters, Volume 36, pages 359-362. R.W.J., Archibald, D.A., Lynch, T., Safton, K.E., Sajgalik, Stevenson, J.S. (1940): Mercury Deposits of British Colnmhia; P.P., Calon, T., Malpas,J. and Umhoefer, P.J. (1993a):Ge- B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Rcsources, ology of the Bralorne(north half) and Northeastern Dickson Bulletin 5,93 pages. Range Map Areas (921114, 15); B.C. Minisfry of Energy, Stevenson, J.S. (1943): Tungsten Deposits British Cdumbia; Mines and Petroleum Resources, Geoscience Map 1993-7. of B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Rcsources, Schiarizza, P. Gaha, R.G., Coleman, M.E., Glover, J.K., Macdon- Bulletin 10 (revised), 174 pages. ald, R.W.J., Garver, J.I., Archibald, D.A., Lynch, T. and Stevenson,J.S. (1951): UraniumMineralizationinBritisl~Colum- Safton,K.E.(1993h):GeologyoftheBridgeRiverMapArea Economic Geology, (92Jll6);B.C.MinisrryofEnerg)i MinesondPetroleumRe- hia; Volume 46, pages 353-366. sources, Geoscience Map 1993-8. Stmik, L.C. (1993): Intersecting Intracontinental 'Tertimy Trans- form Fault Systems in the North American Cordillera;Ca- Schiarizza, P., Glover, J.K., Garver, 1.1.. Umhoefer, P.J., Gaba, R.G.,Riddell,J.M.,Payne,D.F.,Macdonald,R.W.J.,Lynch, nadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Volume 30, pages T., Safton,K.E. and Sajgalik, P.P. (1993~):Geology of the 1262-1274. Noaxe Creek and Southwestern Big Bar Creek Map Areas Sylvester, A.G. (1988): Strike-slip Faults; Geological Sociery of (920/1, 2); E.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines an.d Petroleum America, Bulletin, Volume 103, pages 1666..1703. Resources, Geoscience Map 1993-9. Tabor, R.W., Frizzell, V.A. Jr., Vance, J.A. and Naesx, C.W. Schiarizza, P., Glover,J.K., Umhoefer, P.J., Garver, J.I., Handel, (1984):AgesandStratigraphyofLowerandMiddk Tertiary D., Rapp, P., Riddell, J.M. and Gaha, R.G., (1993d):Geol- Sedimentary and Volcanic Rocks of the Central Cascades, ogy and Mineral Occurrencesof the Warner Pass Map Area Washington: Application to the Tectonic Hislo!y of the (920/3); B. C. 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(1976): Poison Mountain: in Upper Mesozoic Methow - Pasayten Sequence, North- Porphyry Deposits of the Canadian Cordillera, Sutherland eastern CascadeRange, Washington and British C,)lnmbia: Brown, A,, Editor,Canadian Institute ofMining andMeta1- in Mesozoic Paleogeography of the Western United States, lurgy, Special Volume 15, pages 323-328. Howell, D.G. and McDougall, K.A.,editon, Socie[v of Eco- Sibson, R.H. (1987): Earthquake Rupturing as a Mineralizing nomic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, F'acific Section, Agent in Hydrothermal Systems; Geology, Volume 15, Pacific Coast Paleogeography Symposium 2, pa;:es 499- pages 701-704. 508.

Bulletin IW 189 Thompson, J.F.H., Barren T.J., Sherlock, R.L. and Holbek, P. of the Eastern Tyaughton Basin, British Columbia;unl~uh- (1995): The Kutcho VMS Deposit, British Columbia: A Fel- lished Ph.D. thesis, The University of Washington, 186 sic Volcanic-Hosted Deposit in a Tholeiitic Bimodal Se- pages. quence; Geological Association of Canada -Mineralogical Umhoefer, P.J. (1990): Stratigraphy and Tectonic Setling of the Associarion of Cad,Annual Meeting, Victoria, B.C., Upper Part ofthe Cadwallader Terrane, Southwestern Ilrit- Program and Abstracts, Volume 20, page A-104. ish Columbia;Canudian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol~me Thorkelson, D.J. (1985): Geology of the Mid-Cretaceous Volcanic 27, pages 702-711. Units near Kingsvale, Southwestern British Columbia; in Umhoefer, P.J. and Kleinspehn, K.L. (1995): Mesoscale and Re- Current Research, Part GeologicalSurvey B, of Canada, Pa- gional Kinematics of the Northwestern Yalakom Fault !lys- per SIB,pages 333-339. tem: Major Paleogene Dextral Faultingin British ~Columbia, Thorkelson, D.J. and Rouse, G.E. (1989): Revised Stratigraphic Canada; Tectonics, Volume 14, pages 78-94. Nomenclature and Age Determinations for Mid-CretaceousUmhoefer, P.J. and Schiarizza, P. (1993): Timing and Offset on Volcanic Rocks in Southwestern British Columbia;Cana- Strike-slip Faults in the SE Coast Belt, B.C.and WA, and diun Journal of Earth Sciences, Volume 26, pages 2016- 40-80 Ma Fault Reconstructions; Geological Society of 2031. America, Abstracts withPrograms, Volume 25, page 1:;6. Thorkelson, D.J. and Smith, A.D. (1989): Arc and Intraplate Vol-Umhoefer, P.J. and Schiarizza, P. (1995): Changesthe inSouthern canism in the Spences Bridge Group: Implicationsfor Cre- CoastBeltat85-80MaIndicateaShiftfromFarallontoE:ula taceous Tectonics in the Canadian Cordillera; Geology, Plate Interaction;Geological Association of Canada - Min- Volume 17, pages 1093-1096. eralogical Association of Canada, Annual Meeting, Vi:to- Thorstad, L.E. and Gabrielse, H. (1986): The Upper Triassic ria, British Columbia, Program and Abstracts, Volume 20, Kutcho Formation, CassiarMountains, North-central British page A-106. Columbia; Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 86-16, 53 Umhoefer, P.J and Tipper, H.W. (in press): Stratigraphy,Depxi- pages. tional Environment and Tectonic Settingof the IJpper 'Tri- Tipper, H.W. (1963): Geology, Taseko Lakes, Bdsh Columbia assic to Middle Jurassic Rocks of the Chilcotin Ran;:es, (92-0); Geological Survey of Canada, Map 29-1963. SouthwesternBritish Columbia;GeologicalSurvey of C'm- Bulletin. Tipper, H.W. (1969a): Mesozoic and Cenozoic Geology of the ada, Northeastern Part of Mount Waddington Map Area (92N), Umhoefer, P.J., Rusmore, M.E. and Woodsworth, G.J. (19!)4): Coast District, British Columbia;Geological Survey ofCan- Contrasting Tectono-stratigraphy and Structurein the Coast ada, Paper 68-33. Belt near Chilko Lake, British Columbia: Unrelated Terra- nes or an Arc - Back-arc Transect?; Canadian Jouml of Tipper, H.W. (1969b): Geology, AnahimLake; Geological Survey Earth Sciences, Volume 31, pages 1700-1713. of Canada, Map 1202A. Umhoefer, P.J., Garver, J.I. andTipper, H.W. (1988):Geology of Tipper. H.W. (1977): Jurassic Studiesin Queen Charlotte Islands, the Relay Mountain Area (92012W. 3E); B.C. rbfinistr, of Harhledown Island, and TasekoLakes Area, British Colum- Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Open File 1988- bia; in Report of Activities, Part A, Geological Survey of 16. Canada, Paper 77-1A, pages 251-254. Vance, J.A. (1985): Early Tertiary Faulting in the North Cascades: Tipper, H.W. (1978): TasekoLakes (920) Map Area; Geological Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Progrm, Survey of Canada, Open File 534. Volume 17, page 414. Tozer, E.T. (1967): A Standard for TriassicGeologicalSur- Time; vanderHeyden,P.(1989):U-PbandK-ArGeochronometryofthe vey of Canada, Bulletin 156, 137 pages. Coast Plutonic Complex, 53"N to 54"N, British ColumJia, Tozer, E.T. (1979): Latest Triassic Ammonoid Faunas and Bio- and Implications for the Insular-IntermontaneSupterrane chronology, Western Canada; in Current Research, Part B, Boundary;unpublishedPh.D.thesis, TheUni13ersisryof6rit- Geological Survey of Canadu, Paper79-lB. pages 127-135. ish Columbia, 268 pages. Trettin, H.P. (1961): Geology of the FraserRiver Valley between van der Heyden, P. (1992): A Middle Jurassic to Early Tertiary Lillooet and Big Bar Creek;B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines Andean-Sierran Arc Model for the Coast Belt of Co-British and Petroleum Resources, Bulletin 44, 109 pages. lumbia; Tectonics, Volume 11, pages 82-97. Trexler, J.H., Jr. (1984): Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Tec- van der Heyden, P. and Metcalfe,S. (1992): Geology o.ithe Piltz tonic Significance of the Upper Cretaceous Virginian Ridge Peak Plutonic Complex, Northwestern hlap Formation, Methow Basin, Washington: Implications for Area, British Columbia;in Current Research, Part A,Geo- Tectonic History ofthe North Cascades; unpublished Ph.D. 1ogicalSurvey of Canada, Paper 92-1A. pages 113-1 19. thesis, The University of Washington, 172 pages. van der Heyden, P., Mustard, P.S. and Friedman, R. No~th- (1994): Trexler, J.H., Jr. (1985): Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of the ernContinuationoftheEasternWaddingtonThmstBelt:mnd Cretaceous Virginian Ridge Formation, Methow Basin, Tyanghton Trough, Tatla Lake - Bussel Creek Map Areas, Washington; Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Volume West-central British Columbia; in Current Research 1934- 22, pages 1274-1285. A; Geological Survey of Canada, pages 87-94. Turner, J.A. (1985): Geological and Geochemical Report on the Vivian, G., Morton, R.D., Changkakoti, A. and Gray, .I.(19$,7): RangerandLuckyRangerClaims,LillmtMiningDivision, Blackdome Eocene Epithermal Ag-Au Deposit, BritishCo- British Columbia; B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Pe- lumbia, Canada - Nature of Ore Fluids; The Insritufior of troleum Resources, Assessment Report 14,225,48 pages. Mining and Metallurgy, Transactions, Section B, Applied Umhoefer, P.J. (1989): Stratigraphy and Tectonic Setting of the Earth Science, Volume 96, pages B9-BI4. Upper Cadwallader Terrane and Overlying Relay Mountain Wan1ess.R.K.. Stevens, R.D.,LaChance,G.R. andI)e- Group, and the Cretaceous to Eocene Structural Evolution labio, R.N. (1978): Age Determinations and Geo1ogi:al

190 GeologicalSurvey Branch Studies, K-AI Isotopic Ages, Report 13: GeolonicalSurveY- Woodcock, N.H. and Fischer, M. (1986): Strike..slip Iluplexes: of Canada, Paper 17-2. Journal of Structural Geology, Volume 8, p;iges 715-735. Webster. I.C.L. and Rav. G.E. (1990) Geoloev and Mineral De- Woodsworth, G.J. (1977): Pemberton Map Area(92J);Geological pasits ofNortheiTexadaIsland(92F/9,-iO, and 15): in Geo- Survey of Canada, Open File 482. logical Fieldwork 1989,B. C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Woodsworth, G.J., Pearson, and Sinclair, A.J. (197'1): Metal Petroleum Resources, Paper 1990-1, pages 257-265. D.E. Distribution Patterns acrossthe Fastern Flankof the Coast Wheeler, J.O. and McFeely, P. (1991): Tectonic Assemblage Map Plutonic Complex, South-central British Columlia: Eco- of the Canadian Cordillera and Adjacent Parts of the United nomic Geology, Volume 72, pages 170-183. States of America; Geological Survey of Canada, Map Wright, R.L., Nagel,1.1. and McTaggart,KC. (1932): AipineU1- 1712A, scale1:2 000 000. tramaiic Rocks of Southwestern British Colnmbi.l: Cam- Wheeler, J.O., BrooMield, A.J., Gabrielse, H., Monger, J.W.H., dian Journal of Earth Sciences, Volume 19, pages Tipper, H.W. and Woodsworth, G.J. (1991): Terrane Map 1156-1173. of the Canadian Cordillera: Geological Survey of Canada, Wynne. P.J., Irving, E., Maxson, J. and Kleinspehn, K (1993): Map 1713A, scale1:2 000 000. Paleomagnetic Results from the Middle Cretaceous Silver- quick and Powell Creek Formations and Northward Dis- Wbetten,J.T.,Jones,D.L.,Cowan,D.S.andZartman,R.E.(1978): placement of the Western Intermontane Belt, British Ages of Mesozoic Terranes in the San Juan Islands, Wash- Columbia; Geological Association of Canada - Mirleralogi- ington: in Mesozoic Paleogeography of the Western United calAssociation of Canada, Annual Meeting,Edmo~~ton, Al- States, Howell, D.G. and McDougall, K.A., Editors,Society berta, Program and Abstracts, Volume18, page A-l12. of Economic Puleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Section, pages 117-132. Wynne,P.J.,Irving, E., Maxson, J.A. andKIeinspehn, K.L. (199s): Paleomagnetism of the Upper Cretaceous strata OF , R.E., Harding, T.P. andSeely, D.R. (1973): Basic Wrench Tatlow: Evidence for 3000Km of Northward Displacement Tectonics; American Association of Petroleum Geologists, oftheEasternCoastBclt,BritishColumbia;Jouma~ofGeo- Bulletin, Volume 57, pages 74-96. physicalResearch, Volume 100, No. B4, pages 60:'3-6091.

Bulletin IO0 191 British Columbia __

__ 192 Geological Survey Branch MinisfryofEmploymenf andlnvesment

APPENDICES

___. Bullefin 100 19.7 __ I94 Geological Survey Branzh Ministry of Employment and In,estment APPENDIX 1

Conodont Identifications

By M.J. (Orchard Geological Sutveyof Canada Vancouver, British Cdumbia.

BRIDGE RIVER COMPLEX

Fieid No. 70-MV-26 GSC LOC.No. 0-86300 Conodonts: NTS 92Jl15 Northing 5636705 Easting 528139 ramifon elements (17) East side of Tyaughton Creek immediately above the Carpenter Ep@ondolellasp. (6) Lake road. Ep@oncl*e//aquadrakorchard 1991 (3) Carbonate. Epfgondolelatdangulans(Budurov 1972) (1) Unit: uKBRgic Neogondolellanavicula (Huckriede 1958) (20) Microfossils: conodonts, sphaeromorphs ramifom elements (13) Conodonts: CAI: 3.5-4.5 ramiform elements(12) Age: Late Triassic; EarlyNorian Ep@ondolellaquadrafaOrchard 1991 (13) Mefa,o&gnafhus sp. (3) Field No. 87ENC-MJE-0376 GSCLoc.No. G117596 Neogondolellanavicula (Huckriede1958) (23) CAI: 3.54.5 Age: Late Triassic; Early Norianquadratazone Comment: Processedand originally identifiedby B. Cameronas late Ladinian (Cameron and Monger,1971). Conodonts: Epigondolellasp. (4) Field No. 87BNC-BBC424b GSCLOC. No. C-117578 ramiform elements(2) NTS 92Jl15 Northing 5628950 Easting 506250 CAI: 2.5-3.5 South of DowntonLake, east end, on new road. Age: Late Triassic; probably Early Norian

Carbonate.~~~ ~ ~ Unit: MJBR Field No. 8BAPS6-9-1 GSC LOC. No.C:-168332 Conodonts: NTS 92J/15 Northing 5644550 IFasting 512650 Neogondolelanavicu/a(Huckriede 1958) (6) West of Crane Creek. Ep@ondolella tdangulads(Budurov1972) (3) Limestone. ramifon elements it) Unit: u7;BRglc CAI: 3.5-4 Conodonts: Age: Late Triassic; Early Norian Ep@ondolellasp. (2) CAI: 4.5 Field No. 87BNC-BBG0121 GSCLOC.No. C-117582 Age: Late Triassic; Norian NTS 92511 6 Northing 5631550 Easting 537400 South shoreof Carpenter Lake, south of Marshall Creek. Field No. WAPS4-10-1 No.GSCLoc. C-168323 Limestone blocksin greenstone. NTS 92Jl15 Northing 5644280 Eastin(l513070 Unit: MJBR West of Crane Creek. Microfossils: conodonts, spicules Limestone. Conodonts: Unit: uKBRglc Mefa,o&gnatbus sp. (3) Conodonts: CAI: 6.5-7 Ep~ondole/e//aquaU~faOffihard1991 (35) Age: Late Triassic; Camian ramiform elements (1) CAI: 6-7 Field No. 87BNC-BBC-0135 GSC Loc. No. C-117586 Age: Late Triassic; Early Norian, quadrafaZone NTS 92Jl15 Northing 5637400 Easting 524450 -2800 m west-southwest of mouth of Tyaughton Creek, on Field No. 88APS-18-1 GSC Loc. No. C:-168320 south shoreof Carpenter Lake. NTS 92J/15 Northing 5645800 I:astin!l512150 Carbonate. Head of Peanon Creek. Unit: MJBR Carbonate. Microfossils: conodonts, echinoderms Unit: u'KBRglc Conodonts: Conodonts: Nmavifella sp. (2) Ep@ondolella sp.(2) Metapolysnathus nodosus (Hayashi1968) (4) Neogondolellanavlcula (Huckriede1958) (5) ramiform elements(2) ramiform elements(7) CAI: 4.5-5.5 CAI: 4-6 Age: Late Triassic; Late Carnian Age: Late Triassic; Early Norian

Field No. 87BNC-GBB-050 GSC LOC. No. C-117567 Fieid No. WEER-168 LOC.GSC No. C:-154009 NTS 92Jl15 Northing 5640200 Easling 527350 NTS 92J/15 Northing 5629045 13asting 532936 -1600 m southwest of Marshall Lake at foot of ridge. Tommy Creek, 3.7 km southof Carpenter Lake. Carbonate. Limestone breccia. Unit: uKBRglc Unit: MJBR Microfossils: conodonts, ichthyoliths Conodonts:

Bulletin 100 195 Metapo&gnathus sp.(1) Chert. CAI: 6-6.5 Unit: uTBRab Age: Late Triassic; Camian microfossil^ conodonts, sphaeromorphs Conodonts: Field No. 88BER-604 GSC LOC. No. C,154015 Neogondoleila? sp. indet. (1) NTS 925115 Northing 5642752 Easting 525940 CAI:.. . . . 4-6. . South of Liza Lake. Age: Triassic Limestone alternating with bands of chert. Unit: uTBRglc No.Field 89APS-5-49 GSC LOC.NO. c-16e102 Conodontsi NTS 92Y15 Northing 5636500 Easting 512670 Epigondolellasp. (3) Carpenter Lake Road,3 krn north of . Ep&ondolella tr/angular/s(Budurov 1972) (1) Chert. CAI: 3-4 Unit: uTBRglc Age: Late Triassic; Early? Norian Conodonts: ramiform elements (3) Field No. 88BER-537 GSC Loc. No. C-1=54018 CAI: 5.5 NTS 925116 Northing 5633545 Easting 544112 Age: Ordovician -Triassic Ridge between Bighorn and Fell creeks. Carbonate lens in phyllite. Field No. 89APSb-6-2 GSC Loc. NO. C-1611287 Unit: MJBRm NTS 921115 Northing 5636570 Easting 51:!720 Conodonts: Carpenter LakeRoad, 3 km northof Gold Bridge. icfoprioniodus? sp. (1) Carbonate. CAI: -5 Unit: uTBRglc Age: Carboniferous? Conodonts- Epigondolellasp. indet. (30) Field No. 88BER-654 GSC Loc. NO. C-154019 Epigondolella tn&ngularis(Budurov1972) (1) NTS 92J/i6 Northing 5632121 Easting 543714 €~~~ellaspa~ufa~a(Hayashi1968) (3) Ridge between Bighornand Fell creeks. ramiform elements (6) Carbonate lens in greenstone. CAI: 5.5-7 Unit: MJBR Age: Late Triassic; late Early Notian tnangulansZone Conodonts: Metapokgnathussp. (5) Fieid No. 89APS-5-69 No.Loc.GSC C-1611288 CAI: 6-7 NTS 925/15 Northing 5636660 Easting 512820 Age: Late Triassic: Camian Carpenter Lake Road,3 km north of GoldBridge. Carbonate. Field No. 88JIG-20-15B GSC Loc. No. GI68334 Unit: uTBRglc

NTS 92J/15 Northing 5647730 Easting 51 1250 Conodonts:~~ ..~~~. Headwaters of Taylor Creek. Epfgondolellasp. (i2) Chert. ramiform elements (2) Unit: uTBRglc CAI.-. .. . AA. - Microfossils: conodonts. spumellarian radiolarians, sponge spicules Age: Late Triassic: probably Early Norian Conodonts: EpJgondoJella sp. (1) Field No. 89APS-7-1-2 No.LOC.GSC C-163291 ramiform elements (2) NTS 92JM5 Northing 5636750 Easting 51 2800 CAI: 7 Carpenter Lake Road,3 km northeast of Gold Bridge. Age: Late Triassic: Early? Norian Carbonate. Unit: uTBRglc Field No. 88JIG-40-15 GSC Loc. No. C:-168339 Conodonts: NTS 92J/15 Northing 5646100 Easting 508420 Ep&ondolefia sp. (1 1) Headwaters of Eldorado Creek. ramlform elements(13) Chert. CAI: 4-5 Unit: MJBR Age: Late Triassic; probably Early Norian Conodonts: blade fragment(1) Field No. 89APS-22-5 GSC Loc. No. C-lbB103 icfoprionlao'us? sp. (1) NTS 92Jl15 Northing 5638520 Easting 507500 CAI: 4-4.5 Northwest of Gun Lake. Age: Carboniferous Chert- ...... Unit: MJBR Field No. 88TP-20-12 GSC LOC. NO.C-168347 Micrfossils: conodonts, sponge spicules, sphaeromorphs NTS 925115 Northing 5644720 Easting 508840 Conodonts: Ridge separating the headwaters of Lick and Eldorado creeks. Neogondolellasp. indet. (3) Carbonate. ramiform elements110) Unit: MJBR CAI: 4-6 Conodonts: Age: Permian - Tn'assic. Neogondoellasp. (1) ramiform elements (2) Field No. 89BGA-11-1 No.Loc.GSC C-If8260 CAI:-. .. . 3.5-4R -. 5-4.. NTS 925115 Northing 5635840 Easling 513030 Age: Permian - ?Triassic Road south of CarpenterLake, 2.5 km northeast of Gold Bridge. Carbonate. Field No. 89APS-5-43 GSC Loc. No. I>-168101 Unit: uXBRglc NTS 925/15 Northing 5636340 Easting 512560 Conodonts: Carpenter LakeRoad, 3 krn northof Gold Bridge. Ep/gondolellasp. cf. E Inangularis(Budurov 1972) (3)

196 Geological Survey Bmnck Minisrfy of Employmenr and In vestment

CAI: 5.5 ramifon elements (2) Age: LateTriassic:Norian probablyEarly Epigondolella quadnta Orchard(13) 1991 Epigondolellasp. cf. E. spatulafa (Hayashi19li8) (2) Field No. 89BGA-H-3-2b GSC LE. NO. C-168263 Neogondolellahall..taltens;s(Mosher 1968) (4) NTS 92J115 Northing 5635900 Easting 513060 CAI: 4-6 Road south of Carpenter Lake, 2.5 km northeast of Gold Bridge. Age: Late Triassic: Early Norian Carbonate. Unit: uKBRglc Field No. 89JG-7-11 GSC LE. No. 1:-168126 Conodonts: NTS 92JI15 Northing 5645900 Eastin 3 5134.25 ramiform elements(15) CAI: 5.5-6.5 Headwaters of North Cinnabar Creek. Age: Carboniferous - Triassic Carbonate. Unit: uTBRQIc Field No. 89BNC-BRC-449 GSCNo.Loc. C-158871 Conodonts: Epigondolellasp. cf. E. spatulata(Hayashi 19158) (1) NTS 92J/15 Northing 5632500 Easting 513320 &~ondolellasp. indet. (3) 2 km east-southeast ofGold Bridge. Limestone interbedded with chert. CAI: 4-4.5 Unit: uKBRQIc Age: uKBRQIc Unit: Norian Early Triassic: Late Conodonts- CADWALLADER TERRANE

Cadwallader Group: Hurley Formation

Field No. 83-WV-R-616 GSCLOC.No. C-103604 Fossils: conodonts, ichthyoliths. shell fragments, chzetognath NTS 920102 Northing 5649800 Easting 503900 spine?, holothurians Approximately 3 km east-southeast of Spruce Lake; peak southof Conodonts: €pigondole/lap~te~(KozurandMostler 1971) (16) .Peak ~ 7150. ~ Thin black mlcrite bed. Nengondolellasteinbecqens;s (Mosher 1968) (1) Unit: uKCHv ramifon elements (4) Fossils: conodonts, foraminifers, radiolarians, ichthyoliths CAI: 4 Conodonts: Age: Late Triassic: Middle Norian,postaraZone Metapo/ysnhus nodosus (Hayashi 1968) (2) Meta~o/us.laspn~~~us(Mosher1970) (85) Field No. 86BNC-BCCA-BCR-40 GSCLoc. NO. I:-117(i18 Neooondo;elllanavicoalHuckriede 1958) (60) NTS 92J/15 Northing 5626610 Easting 509200 200 m east of the north endof Gwyneth Lake. -...... Carbonate. Age: Late Triassic; Early Norian,UpperpnmKusZone Unit: uKCH Microfossils: conodonts. ichthvoliths Field No. 84-WV-R-23 No.LOC.GSC GI03619 Conodonts: NTS 92JI15 Northing 5644900 Easting 504600 Ep!~ondolell.a triangularis(Budurov 1972) (2) 0.75 km south-southwest of Peak7450. Neogondolellasp. (1) Micritic turbidite. CAI: 5 Unit: uKCHv Age: iate Triassic: late Early Norian, triangularisZone Fossils: conodonts, ostracodes. radiolarians Conodonts: Field No. 87BNC-GBB-0205 GSC LE. No. C-117572 ramiform elements(1) NTS 92J/15 Northing 5648150 Eastirtg 520630 Ep~gondolell.aquedntaOrchard1991 (12) -5 km northwest of Liza Lake,on ridge crest. CAI: 4-4.5 Carbonate. Age: Late Triassic; Early Norian. quadrataZone Unit: uTCH Microfossils: conodonts, ichthyoliths Field No. 84-WV-R-29 GSC Lm. NO. C-103620 Conodonts: NTS 925115 Northing 5645100 Easting 504800 Epigondolellasp. indet(2) 0.75 km southwest of Peak7450. CAI: 4-4.5 Micritic turbidite Age: Probably Late Triassic, Norian Unit: uKH Fossils: conodonts, ichthyoliths, radiolarians, silicified ostracodes. Field No. 88BER-03 GSC Loc. No. C-154006 foraminifers, sponge spicules NTS 92JI15 Northing 5647100 Eastirlg 505900 Conodonts: West of upper Eldorado Creek. Ep!gondc;ella sp. (26) Carbonate.

Epigondo;ell.asp. aff. E. spatulata(Hayashi 1966) (4) Unltl. [ITCH~ .~ Eoiaondo;ella auadmta Orchard 1991 134) Microfossils: conodonts, ichthyoliths Conodonts: ramiorm eIeme;lts'(iO) Epigondo;ell.aex gr. bldentataMosher '1968(:) CAI: 4-4.5 ramifon elements (1) Age: Late Triassic: Early Norian CAI: 3.5-4 Age: Late Triassic; Middle-Late Norian Field No. 64-WV-R-ill GSC LOC.No. C-103627 NTS 92JI15 Northing 5647500 Easting 505200 Field No. 88BGA-8-2 GSC LE. No. C-168311 1 km southof Peak 7810. west of Eidorado Creek. NTS 92JI15 Northing 5645620 Eastirlg 503480 Carbonate. Float in snow. 2.6 km northof lower Eldorado Creek. Unit: uKCHv Carbonate.

Bulletin 100 I97 British Columbia

Unit: uKCH Lwse block of limestone on ridoe" Conodonts: Unit: ~XCH Epigon&le/, sp. indet. (1) Microfossils: conodonts,ichthydiths CAI: 3.5 Conodonts: Age: Late Triassic; ?Norian Metaoo/~atbusDnm~iusfMosher. .- 1970) ... fI) CAI: 2-3 Field No. 89APS-23-12-3GSC LOC.No. C-168296 Age: Late Triassic; Late Carnian- Early Norian primiusZone NTS 92Jl16 Northing 5631900 Easting 564750 West of Applespring Creek. Field No. B9BNC-BRC-501 GSCLOC. NO. C-158374 Carbonate. NTS 92JI15 Northing 5648200 Eastirlg 505320 Unit: uXCH Head of Eldorado Creek. Microfossils: conodonts. ichthyoliths Limestone. Conodonts: €pigono'oesp. cf. E quadfataOrchard 1991 (2) Unit: uKCH CAI: 4 Microfossils: conodonts, radiolarians Age: Late Triassic; probably Early Norian Conodonts: Epigondole/lasp. indet. (3) Field No. 89EGA-22-3b GSC LOC.NO. C-168269 Neogondo/elia sp. (1) CAI: 3.5-4 Northing 5631340 Easting 512940 NTS 92Jj15 Age: Late Triassic: probably Early Norian East of Brexton townsite. Carbonate. Unit: uKCH Field No. 89RMA-161-7 GSC Loc. NO. C-168,120

Cmndnnts:~ NTS 92Jl15 Northing 5645240 Easting 52E300 Epigondole/e//p. cf. E qoadrataorchard 1991 (3) 3.5 km northwestof Shulaps Peak. ramiform elements (1) Carbonate. CAI,- . .. . 7-R. - Unit: uXCH Age: Late Triassic; Early Norian Conodonts.~ ". gondolelloid (1) Field No. 89BGA-27-2b No.Loc.GSC C-168273 ramiform elements (2) NTS 92Jl15 Northing 5631000 Easting 505600 CAI: 4.5-5 North sideof Downton Lake. Aae: Permian -Triassic Carbonate. Unit: uTCH Field No. 89RMA-21-3-2 GSC LW. NO. C-lM1122 Microfossils: conodonts, ichthyoliths Conodonts: NTS 92Jl15 Northing 5644630 Easting 5211820 €pigondo/e/lasp. cf. E quadrataorchard 1991 (4) 4 km westof Shulaps Peak. Epigondolellasp. cf. E. triangu/aris(Budurov 1872) (1) Carbonate. (1) Unit:uXCHNeOgOndO/d/&? sp. (1) CAI._.... -5 ichthvoliths conodonts. Microfossils: Age: Late Triassic; Early Norian Conodonts: Metapolvgnathu8 sp. indet. (1) Field No. 89BNC-BRC-472 GSC LOC.No. C-158872 CAI: 5 NTS 92J/15 Northing 5642800 ~~~~i~~5~65~~ Age: Late Triassic Ridge parallel to B&F Creek.

Hurley Formation - conodont-bearingclasts in conglomerates:

Field No. 82-MVV-LST3 GSCLOC. No. C-087475 Field No. 84-WV-R-17 GSC LoC. NO. 0703621 NTS 92Jl16 Northing 5644748 Easling 549365 NTS 92Jl15 Northhing 5646100 Easling 503650 East Side of the Yalakom River.0.5 km southeastolJunctionCreek. East ofGun Creek. 0.5 km east-northeastof Peak 7220. Limestone pebblesfrom congiomerate. Carbonate cobbles from conglomerate. Unit: uXCH Unit: uTCH Fossils: conodonts, ichthyoliths Fossils: conodonts, ichthyoliths, shell fragments Conodonts: Conodonts: Ep/gondo/e/la sp. (2) EpgondoIe/la sp. indet. (2) CAI: 3-3.5 CAI: 3.5 Age: Late Triassic; Early? Norian Age: Late Triassic

Field No. 83-WV-R-5 GSCLOC. No. C-103614 Field No. 84-WV-R-114A GSC LOC. No.C-103641 NTS 92Jl15 Northing 5647700 Easting 508000 NTS 920/02 Northing 5650250 Easling 5C3300 1.75 kmnorthwest of Peak 7550, eastof Eldorado Creek. 2 km east of SpruceLake. Clast in pebbly mudstone. Carbonate clast from conglomerate. Unit: uKCH Unit: uKCH oruKT (Tyaughton Group) Fossils:conodonts, ichthyoliths. foraminifers Fossils:conodonts, forarninfers, ichthyoliths Conodonts: Conodonts: €uioondo/el/a enolandiorchard 1991 (8).. MetamVvanathus. .- so. aff. M. comfnun/stiHavashi 1968 ~&gon&/das~indet. (1) (1) Epigondolel/amosher/(Kozurand Mostler1971) (2) Metapolygnathus sp. indet. (1) CAI: 5 CAI: 3-3.5 Age: Late Triassic; Late Nonan Age: Late Triassic; probably Late Carnian.?mmmunistZont!

I98 Geologicul Survey Brunch Ministry ofEmplovmentond Investment

Field No. 84-WV-R-114C GSCLac. No. 0103642 Conodonts: NTS 920102 Northing 5650250 Easting 503300 Epigondole/asp. indet. (1) 2 km east of Spruce Lake. CAI: 5 Carbonate clast from conglomerate. Age: Late Triassic: Early-Middle Norian. Unit: uKCH or u*T (Tyaughton Group) Fossils: conodonts, foraminifers. ichthyoliths Field No. 88BER-576 GSC Loc. No. ('154014 Conodonts: NTS 92J/15 Northing 5631085 Easting 511287 Me/a~~~na/huspn'mi/ius(Mosher1970) (1) 2 km southof Gold Bridge. CAI: 3-3.5 Limestone pebbles from limestone-pebble conglomerate. Age: Late Triassic: Late Camian- Early Norian, pnmiiliusZone Unit: uKCH (7) Microfossils: conodonts, ichthyoliths Field No. 8eWV-R-119C GSC LOC. No.C-103630 Conodonts: NTS 92J/15 Northing 5646375 Easting 528550 Me/apo/ygna/hunoS, sp. (1) RidgecrestO.75 km south-southwestof Peak8680, Shulaps Range. ramiform elements(2) Several small carbonate clasts from conglomerate, mixed sample. CAI: 5 Unit: uKCH Age: Probably Late Triassic Fossils: conodonts, ichthyoliths, microgastropods

SHULAPS ULTRAMAFICCOMPLEX

Conodont-bearing knockers in serpentinite melange

Field No. 69RMA-15-3A GSC LOC. No. C-168119 Field No. 89RMA-2841 GSC LOC. No.C:-154100 NTS 92Ji15 Northing 5645220 Easting 529660 NTS 92J/16 Northing 5633050 IEasting 552860 2.5 km west of Shulaps Peak. 5 kin southeast of the confluence of the Yalakom and Brid3e rivers. Limestone block within serpentinite. Chert knocker within serpentinite mblange. Unit: PSM Unit: PSM Conodonts: Conodonts. Neocavife/lasp. (3) Neogondolela sp. (1) Mefapo/ygna/hussp. cf. M zoaeOrchard 1991 (2) CAI: 6 M8/apo/ysna/hus nodosa (Hayashi19611) (16C) ramiform elements(5) Age: Permian - Triassic CAI: 55-65 Age: Late Triassic: Late Carnian, Middle? nodosa%one

Bulletin 100 I99 Brifisb Columbia __

200 Geoiogicui Survey Brznch Minimy @Employment and Investment

APPENDIX 2

Radiolarian Identifications

By F. Cordey 311-1080 Pacific St. Vancouver, BC L'6E 4C2

BRIDGE RIVER COMPLEX

Fieid No. 88JIG-20-15B GSC LOC. No. C-168334 Fieid89FC-BR-7 No. GSC LOC. No. G301369 NTS 92Jl15 Northing5647730 Easting 51 1250 NTS920102 Northing5655033 liastin{l520795 Headwaters of Taylor Creek. East sideof Noaxe Creek,3.7 krn northwestof Big Sheep h lountain. Chert. Dark green chert. Unit: uXBRglc Unit:MJBR Microfossils: Conodonts. spumellarian radiolarians, sponge spic- Radiolarians: ules. ?Paracanopturn anulatum(Pessagno and Poisson) Radiolarians: ? Canopfum spinosum Yeh Capnodocesp. Hsuumaff. maclaughliniPessagno etal. Age: Late Triassic; Late Carnian-Middle Norian. Age: Early or Middle Jurassic; Piiensbachian-Bajocian.

Field No. 89FC-BR-2 GSC LOC. No. C-301365 Field No. 69FC-BR-8 GSC LOC.NO. C-301370 NTS 920102 Northing 5655033 Easting 520795 NTS 920102 Northing 5653337 Eastin!] 520083

East side of Noaxe Creek, 3.7 km northwestof Big Sheep Mountain. East side of Noaxe Creek. 3.8 km westof Bio" Sheeo Mountain. Red chert. Red chert (notin place). Unit: MJBR Ilnit:...... MJRR. . - . . Radiolarians: Radiolarians: Parahsuumsp. ?CanutusizeensisPessagnoand Whalen Pri?econocayommasp. Hsuumsp. K Kishidaand Sugano Age: Early or Middle Jurassic; Pliensbachian-Bajocian. Orbicuforma sp. Parahsuum aff. snowshoense Pessagnoand Whalen Fieid89FC-BR-3 No. GSC LOC.C-301366No. Parasatumasaff. vigrassiYeh NTS 920i02 Northing5655033Easting 520795 Praeconocaryomma cf. media Pessagrlo and Poisson East side of Noaxe Creek, 3.7 km northwestBig of Sheep Mountain. Age: Early or Middle Jurassic: Piiensbachian-Bajocian. Greedvolcaniclastic chert. Unit: MJBR Field No. 8SFC-BR-9 GSC Loc. No. (2-301371 Radiolarians: 920102NTS Northing 5652906 Easting 520010 ?BagotummodestumPessagno and Whalen East sideof Noaxe Creek, 3.8 km west of Big Sheep Motinlain. Paracanopfumanulatum (Pessagno and Poisson) Red chert. ?Hsuum optiinus Carter Unit: MJBR Parahsuumso. Radiolarians: Praeconooa+omma cf. media Pessagno and Poisson Emi7uwa sp. Slichocapsasp. Parviinguiasp. E Kishida and Sugano Age: Early Jurassic; Pliensbachian-Toarcian. Tetrairabs sp. Xiphosplus helense (Blorne) Field No. 89FC-BR-4 GSC LOC. No. C-301367 Age: Early or Middle Jurassic; Toarcian-middleCallovian NTS 920/02 Northing5655033Easting 520795 East side of Noaxe Creek, 3.7 km northwestBig of Sheep Mountain. Field NO. 89FC-BR-11 GSC Loo. No. IC-301372 Green chert. NTS $20102 Northing 5652946 Easting 519593 Unit: MJBR East side of Noaxe Creek, 4.3 km westof Big Sheep Mountain. Radiolarians: Grey chert. Canoptumsp. Unit: MJBR ?Hsuum iucidumYeh Radiolarians: Hsuumaff. maclaughhniPessagnoet al. Archaeodic~omjfrasp.F Kishida and Sugan,, LaMorum(?)jurassicumlsozaki and Matsuda Hsuumcf. beltiafulumPessagno and VJhalen Praeconocayomma cf. media Pessagno and Poisson Hsuumcf. IupheriPessagno and Whalen Age: €a* Jurassic: Piiensbachian-Toarcian. Hsuumcf. vatidurnyeh Hsuum (?) cf. sp. F Pessagno and Whaien Field No. 89FC-BR-6 GSC Loc. N0.C-301368 7dmmc8ma sp. NTS 920102 Northing5655033 Easting520795 Wrangeiifum sp. East sideof Noaxe Creek. 3.7 krn northwestof Bio SheeD Mountain. Age: Eafty or Middle Jurassic;possibly Toarcian-Bajociall. Browdgrey chert. Unit: MJBR Fieid No. 89FC-BR-15 GSC LO:. NO. S-301373 Radiolarians: NTS 920102 Northing 5652336 Eastirlg 519340 Parahsuumsp. Southeast side of lower Noaxe Creek. Praeconocaryomma sp. Black chert. Trillus elkhornansis Pessagno and Biome Unit: MJBR Age: Early or Middle Jurassic; Pliensbachian-Bajocian. Radiolarians: Hsuumcf. mulleriPessagno and Whaien ___ Bullefin 100 201 British Columbia

Praeconocaiyommacf. immodlca Pessagno and Pois- Parahsuurnsp. 5-07 Praemnocaiyommsp. Tdflusso. Age: Early or Middle Jurassic; Pliensbachlan-Bajocian. Naporasp. Age: Early or Middle Jurassic; Pliensbachian-Bajocian. Field No. 89FC-ER-23 GSC Loc. No. C-301380 NTS 920102 Easting5191095652190Northing Field89FC-BR-16 No. C-301374 No. Loc.GSC Southeast sideof lower Noaxe Creek. NTS920102 Northing 5652336 Easting 519340 Red chert. Southeast sideof lower Noaxe Creek. Unit: MJBR Black chert. Radiolarians: Unit: MJBR Andromeda praecrassa Baumgartner Radiolarians: MinTusus sp. Acanlho#rcus suboblongus (Yao) Parahsuumsp. AmphIbracch1um sp. Pramnocaiyommasp. Orbicufifonna sp. Pseudmcallasp. Pramnocaiyornma cf. immodlca Pessagno and Pois- Tnactomaaff. bIakei(Pessagno) son Age: Middle Jurassic: Eajocian-Bathonian. T'iI1us sp. Xiphosly/uscf. helense(B1ome) Age: Middle Jurassic: Aalenian-Bajocian. Field No. 69FC-BR-24 GSC L~c.NO. C-301381 Reference: Cordey andSchiariua (1993,loc. IO). NTS 920102 Northing5652190 Easting615'109 Southeast side of lower Noaxe Creek. Field No. 89FC-BR-17 GSC LOc. NO. C.301375 Red chert. Unit: MJBR NTS 920/02 Northing5652336 Easling519340 Southeast side of lower Noaxe Creek. Radiolarians: Andromeda praecrassa Baumgartner Black chert. MiflfU5U5 sp. Unit: MJBR Radiolarians: farasuumaff. fndomilus(Pessagno and Whalen) Naporasp. Praeconocaiyommasp. Parahsuumsp. Pseudocruceliaaff. sanflippoae(Pessagno) Praemnocaiyommaimmodica Pessagno and Poisson Triactornaaff. blaket(Pessagno) Xiphostyscf. helense(B1ome) Age: Middle Jurassic; Bajocian-Bathonian. Age: Early Jurassic; Piiensbachian-Toarcian. Field89FC-BR-25 No. GSC Loc. No. C-30 382 Field89FC-BR-18 No. GSC Loc.C-301376 NO. NTS 920102 Northing5652045 Easting51fJ938 NTS 920102NTS Northing5652336Easting 519340 Southeast sideof lower Noaxe Creek. Southeast side of lower Noaxe Creek. .Rad .. - chart.-...... Black chert. Unit MJBR Unit MJBR Radiolarians: Radiolarians: Canopturn sp. Napora sp. ?Pivlops1um1spa~aensePessagnoand Poisson Parahsuurnsp. nasseliarians and undescribed spumeliarians Praeconocaiyomma immodlca Pessagnoand Poisson Age: Mesozoic, possibly Early Jurassic. Xiphosvlus sp. Age: Early Jurassic: Pliensbachian-Toarcian. Field89FC-BR-26 No. GSC Loc. No. C-30 1383 NTS 920/02 Northing5652045Easting 51:3938 Fieid No. 89FC-BR-19 GSC LOC. No. C-301377 Southeast sideof lower Noaxe Creek. NTS 920/02 Northing 5652336 Easting 519340 Red chert. Southeast side of lower Noaxe Creek. Unit: MJBR Radiolarians: Orbiculiforma sp. nasseilarians and undescribed spumellarians Age: Mesozoic. Parahsuum sp. Xiphospiussp. Field No. 89FC-BR-31 GSC Loc. NO. (2-301384 Age: Early or Middle Jurassic NTS 920102 Northing 5655307 Easting 521502 3.3 km northwest ofBig Sheep Mountain. Field No. 89FC-BR-21 GSC Loc. No. C-301378 Grey bedded chert. NTS 920102NTS Northing 5652190 Easting 519109 Unit MJBR Southeast side of lower Noaxe Creek. Radiolarians: Green chert. Triassocampa sp. Unit: MJBR Sarla sp. Radiolarians: Age: Late Triassic: Carnian-Norian. Xiphos~/ussp. Praewnocaiyommasp. Field89FC-BR-32 No. GSC LW.C-301385 NO. Age: Early or Middle Jurassic;Pliensbachian-Caliovian. NTS 920102 Northing5655307 Easling521502 3.3 km northwest of Big Sheep Mountain. Field No. 89FC-BR-22 GSC LE. NO. C-301379 Light grey bedded chert. NTS 920102 Northing5652190Easting 519109 Unit: MJBR

Southeast sideof lower NoaxeCreek. Radiolarians:.. .~~~ Red chert. Acanthocircus suboblongus (Yao) Unit: MJBR Hsuum aff. vafidum Yeh Radiolarians: Mesosafumafistetrasp~inus Yao Age: Early or Middle Jurassic.

Field89-FC-GL-1 No. GSCC-300418No. Loc. N TS 92Jl15NTSNorthing 5638620 EIastinSi 507500 Northwest of Gun Lake. Red chert. Triactomaaff. blakei(Pessagn0) Unit: MJBR Zarluscf. jurassicus Pessagno and Whalen Radiolarians: Age:: Middle Jurassic: Bajocian-Bathonian. A/bafVelia tlingukn3lshiga. Kilo and lrnoto Hegieriarnammifera Nazarov and Ormiston Fieid No. 89FC-BR-28 GSC LOC. No. C-176289 Ouadiicaufls sp. NTS 92J/15 Northing5647812 Easting517353 Age: Permian; Kazanian-Tatarian, North side of North Cinnabar Creek, 0.7 km west of Tyaughton Reference: Cordey and Schiariua (1 993, loc. 3). Creek. Red chert Field NO. 90FC-AFF-2-1GSC C:-301367NO. LE. Unit: MJBR Radiolarians: NTS 920/02 Northing5656610 liasting 515150 Scharfenbepa concentrica(Rust) Northeast bank of Relay Creek,1 km northwest ofoonflumce with Schaifenbergia rustaa (Ormiston and Lane) Tyaughton Creek. ? TetragregnonsycamorensisOrmlstonand Lane Black chert. Age: Mississippian: Visean. Unit: MJBR Reference: Cordey and Schiarizza (1993.loc. 1). Radiolan'ans: tivarelia sp. Age: Late Triassic: Late Norian. Field No. 89FC-BR-37 GSC LOC. No.GI76298 Reference: Cordey and Schiariua (1993. roc. 6). NTS 9ZJ/15 Northing5636295 Easting511139 East side of northern Gun Lake. Field No. 91FC-AFF-106 GSC Loc. NO. 0-301388 Grey chert. Unit: MJBR NTS 920102 Northing 5656050 Easting 517200 1.2 km east of lower Mud Creek. Radiolarians:~~ ~ ~ Pseudosty/os,,haera /ongis,inosa Kozur and Mostler Green chert. Tn'asocampe sp. Unit: MJBR Yehara;aannulataNakasekoand Nishimura .Radinlarimv - ._. Age: Middle Triassic: Ladinian. Archaeodictyomitraexigua Blome Reference: Cordey andSchiariua (1993. loc. 4) EucyrtMeliumsem&ctum Nagaiand Mizutani Panicnguiapreacuum Blome Field89FC-BR-38 No. C-176299No. Loc.GSC TricolocapsaplicaNrnYao Tn&/ocapsa rus(iTan NTS 92J/15NorthingNTS5635998 Easting 510888 Age: Middle Jurassic:early-middle Callovian. East side ofnorthern Gun Lake. Reference: Cordey andSchiariua (1993, loc. 12). Grey chert. Unit: MJBR Radiolarians: FieldFC-AFF-128 91No. GSCLoc.(:-301402No. Pseudoalbaillellacf. longicvmislshiga and lmoto NTS 92Jl15 Northing5647500 Easting517500 Age: Permian: possibly Sakmarian-Kazanian. West side of Tyaughton Creek,0.5 km southof Cinnabar Creek. Black siliceous siltstone. Field 89FC-BR-39 GSC LOC. No. C-3D1386 Unit: MJBR No. Radiolarians: NTS 92Ji15 Northing5635912Easting 510807 Capnuchosphaara cf. triassiw De Wever East side of northem Gun Lake. Veahicvcflacf. haackeli Kozurand Mostler Grey chert Wias&spnguscf. subsphaericusKozur and Mostler Unit: MJBR Radiolarians: Age: Late Triassic: Camian. ?Latenf~/~stu/akak.amigonensis(DeWeverand Caridroit) Pseudoalbaillellacf. sw@rataHoidsworth and Jones Field No. 92FC-AFF-312 GSC Loc. NO. 1:-300433 Pseudoalbailiella iongicornis lshiga andInioto NTS 92J/15 Northing 5630250 Easting 508300 Age: Permian: Sakmarian-Kazanian. North side of eastern Downton Lake, 2.2km from L.ajoie Ilam. Reference: Cordey and Schiariua (1993, ioc. 2). Greyblack chert interbedded with black siliceous siltston$!. Unit: MJBR Field No. 89FC-BR-44 GSC Loc. No. C-301363 Radiolarians: NTS 92Jl15 Northing5636739 Easting515534 Livaralla sp. South sideof Carpenter Lake,5 km northeast of Gold Bridge. Age: Late Triassic; Late Norian. Grey chert (notin place). Unit: MJBR Field No. 92FC-AFF-323-1 GSC LOD. NO. 1:-301389 Radiolarians: 92Oi2NTSNorthing 5657150 Easting 515650 Praeconocayommasp. East sideof Relay Creek, 3 kin from Tyaughton Creek. Trillussp. Greylred chert, isolated outcrop. Age: Early or Middle Jurassic: Piiensbachian-Bajocian. Unit: MJBR Radiolarians: Field No. 89FC-BR-45 GSC Loc. No. C-301364 FoIflcucuflus~ho~asticusOrmistonand Babcwk N TS 92Ji15NTSNorthing 5636739 Eosting 515534 Age: Late Permian: Kazanian-early Tatarian. South sideof Carpenter Lake, 5 km northeast of Gold Bridge. Grey chert (notin place). Field92FC-AFF-326-2No. GSCLOC. 'C-301390No. Unit: MJBR NTS920102 Northing5652800 Eastirg 519400 Radiolarians: East sideof Noaxe Creek, 4.3 km westof Big Sheep Mountain. Parahsuumsp. Red chert.

Bulletin 100 203 British Columbia .__ -

Unit: MJBR Field No. 93FC-CH-21 GSC Loc. NO. C-301395 Radiolarians: NTS 92Jl15 Northing5635900 Eastirtg510900 Acanthmircus suboblongus (Yao) East sideof northern GunLake. Eucyrtid gen. etsp. indet. Baumgartner Grey ribbonchert. disNptedchertsection in contact with thin green- HsuommaxwelllPessagno Stone tectonicslice; Contactistectonic,possibiyformerstratigr&IJhic Unumacf. echhatuslchikawa and Yao contact previous to decollement. Poaobursasp. Unit: MJBR Tn'mlmpsapfiwNmYao Radiolarians: Age: Middle Jurassic; Bathonian. Folllcucullusmona~nthusonecanlhuslshigaand lmoto Age: Late Permian: Kazanian. Field No. 92FC-AFF-328-1 GSC Loc. No. C-301391 NTS 920102 Northing5651250 Easting517600 Field No. 93FC-CH-22 GSC Lcc. No. C-301396 0.05 km north of bridge at mouthof Noaxe Creek. NTS 92J/15 Northing5635650 Easting510700 Greylgreen chert. East side of northem Gun Lake. I- IniP ...... M.IRR. ._ - .. Greybrown ribbon chert. isolated outcrop. Radiolarians: Unit: MJBR Archaeodlclyomitra mirabilisAita Radiolarians: Eucyn'idlellumplyctum(Riedel and Sanfilippo) Hegierlacf. mammiferaNazamvand Ormiston Eucyn'idleilum unumaensis (Yao) Pseudoalbaliiella fusifomls(Ho1dsworth and Jones: Hsuum brevlmtatum(0zvddova) Pseudoaiballiellagiobosa lshiga and lmoto HsuummanvelllPessagno Quinqueremiscf. mbustaNazarov and Ormiston S(y/ampsa dhnguia Kocher Age: late Permian; Kungurian. Age: Middle or Late Jurassic; middle Cailovian-middle Oxfordian. Field No. 93FC-CH-23 GSC Loc. NO. C-301397 NTS 92Ji15 Northing 5635700 Easting 510700 Field No. 92FC-AFF-334-2 GSC Loc. No. C-301392 East side ofnorthem GunLake. NTS 920/02 Northing 5651200 Easting 517500 Greyhmwn ribbon chert, isolated outcrop. 0.05 km south of bridgeat mouth of Noaxe Creek. Unit: MJBR Grey chert interbedded with siliceous siltstonelsandstone. Radiolarians: Unit: MJBR Alballlella sinuata lshiga and lmoto Radiolarians: Latentlbifistula cf . kamigoriensfk (De Wever and Ampb@w&tsunoenss Aita Caridroit) Eucyftidellumppctum(Riedeland Sanfilippo) Pseudoalbaflellafusifom;s(Holdsworth and Jones; Age: Middle orLate Jurassic: middle Callovian-middle Oxfordian. Quadrlremhsp. Quinqueremiscf. mbustaNazarov and Ormiston Field No. 93FC-CH-6 GSC Loc. No. C-301393 Age: Permian: late Artinskian-Kungurian. NTS 92JI15 Northing 5635700 Easting 510200 East sideof northern Gun Lake. Fieid No. 93FC-CH-12 GSC Loc. No. C-301398 Greybrown ribbon chert, isolated outcrop, westof greenstone. NTS 92J/15 Northing5635300 Easting 51 1800

Unit: MJBR~~ Northwest sideof Carpenter Lake, 4.5 km north of Gold Bridge. Radiolarians: Grey ribbon chert, isolated outcrop. Pseudoalballleiialomentarla lshiga and lrnoto Unit: MJBR P~u~i~lJ8iUe/k/ishiga and irnoto Radiolarians: Schadenbergia sp. poorly preserved spumeliariansand nasseliarians Age: Early Permian: late Asselian-early Artinskian. ? Pmudoslylosphaera sp. Age: probably Middle orLate Triassic. Field No. 93FC-CH-8C-301403No. FieldNo.LOC. GSC NTS 92Ji15 Northing5635800 Easting510500 Field No. 93FC-CH-14-3 GSC Loc. NO. C-301399 East side of northern Gunlake. NTS 92Jil5 Northing5635500 Easting 512700 Red and grey ribbon chert, 50 m east of pillow-lavas. South side of CarpenterLake, 3 km northeastof Gold Blidge. Unit: MJBR Red ribbon chert, isolated outcrop. Radiolarians: Unit: uTBRglc Pseudosplosphaerahellcata(NakasekoandNishmura) Radiolarians: Pseucfosty/osphaera japonica ( N a k s a e k0 a n d poorly preserved spumeiiariansand nasseiialians Nishimuraj ?Pseudoslyimphaera sp. Pseudosplosphaera longispinosa Kozur and Mostier ?Sariasp. Pseudospiosphaeratenuis (Nakaseko and Nishimura) Age: Middle or Late Triassic. PiatkerlummhieatumlNakaseko and Nishimura) San'acf. kretaensls Kozur and Krahl Field93FC-CH-17 No. C-301400 No. Loc.GSC Age: Middle Triassic: Anisian-Ladinian. 921115NTS Northing5635000Easting 511!iOO Northwest side of Carpenter Lake, 4.0 kmnorth of Gold Bridge. Field No. 93FC-CH-9No. Field GSC Loc.C-301394 No. Greedbrown ribbon chert, isolated outcrop with unciearreiation:;hip NTS 92Jl15 Northing 5636100 Easting 510950 with local greenstone. East side of northemGun Lake. Unit: MJBR Grey and black ribbon chert, asmiated with thin greenstone tec- Radiolarians: tonic slice. ?Ept,~giummanfred/Dumitri'ca Unit: MJBR Oen'fispongus inaequispinosus Dumitrica. Kozur and Radiolarians: Mostler Archasosemantlssp. Pseudosplosphaera aff. compacta (Nakaseko ,and unidentified entactiniids Nishimura) Age: possibly Early Triassic. Age: Middle Triassic: Anisian-Ladinian.

204 Geological Survey Bmnch Minimy of Employment and Investmvnl

Field NO. 93FC-CH-19 GSC LOG. No. C-301401 Unit: MJBR NTS 92J115 Northing 5635600 EasUng511600 Radiolarians: Northwest sideof Carpenter Lake, 4.75kin north of Gold Bridge. Paracanophmanuiafum (Pessagno and Poismn) Grey ribbon chert, isolated outcrop. Orbitufifonna sp. Unit: MJBR paiaeosaturnaiksp. Radiolarians: Pantaneillum sp. Canoptum sp. Pseudocrucelia sp. Parattriassoastrum sp. Age: Early Jurassic: late Sinemurian-Toarcian. PseudosfyJospbaera sp. Reference: Cordey and Schiarizza (1993;loc. 7). Jriassocampe sp. Age: Middle or Late Triassic: Ladinian-Camian. Field No. 806-02 GSC LOC. NO. G300406 N TS 92J/15NorthingNTS 5638361 Easting 517581 Field No. 801-10 C-300401 No.LOC. GSC North sideof Carpenter Lake, South of Mowson Pond. NTS 92J/16 Northing5623923 Easting552500 Grey chert. South sideof Carpenter Lake, 3.5kin southwest of Terzaghi Dam. Unit: MJBR Chert. Radiolarians: Unit: MJBR Sarfa vetusfa Pessagno Radiolarians: Age: Late Triassic; Early-Middle Norian. Capnuchosphaera sp References: Cordey (1986; 1988); Cordey and Schiariua (1993, Kalhrosphaerasp. JOG. 5). Pouipusphasmafodes De Wever San'acf. nat1vMadensi.s Pessagno No.Field 807-01 GSC Lw.C"300407 NO. Pseudostyfosphaera spinulosa ( N a ks ae ko a n d NTS 92J/15 Northing 5634574 tiasting 532843 Nishimura) North side of Carpenter Lake, 6.2 km southeast of rlouth of Pseudosfyfosphaera compacta ( N ak a s e k o a n d Tyaughton Creek. Nishimura) Grey chert. Tetraporobrachla sp. Unit...... M.IRR.. Age: Late Triassic: Carnian. Rat jiolarians: References: Cordey (1986; 1988). Paracanoptumanulatum(Pessagnoand Poisson) CanufusizssnslsPessagno and Whaler, Field No.Field 802-01 C-300402 No.LOG. GSC CmceJa aff.squmna (Kozlova) NTS 92J116 Northing5622732 Easting553825 Eucy~iWellumaff. Nakaseko) ~.gwbensis and (Tak ernum 1.4 km north of Mission Pass. Hagiasfrumsp. A Chert. Homoeoparonaellasp. Unit: MJBR Hsuum sp. Radiolarians: Kafroma sp. Capnodoce mtrisa De Wever Napora mitmta Pessagno Gorgansium sp. orbicufifoma callosaYeh Saria sp. Orbimfifonna ra6afa De Wever Age: Late Triassic; Late Camian-Middle Norian Parahsum sp. References: Cordey (1986; 1988). Praeconocafyomma immod/ca Pessagno and ;?oisson PraeconocafyommapaMMammaPessagno and Pois- Field No.Field 803-01 GSC Lw.C-300403 No. son Praeconocap'omma aff. magnlmamma ( R fist) NTS 92J116 Northing5622271Easling 554085 Praeconocayommaaff. media Pessagno and Poisson 0.5 km north of Mission Pass. Pseudmruceifasp. Chert. Spongostaurussp. Unit MJBR Saifoum sp. Radiolarians: +mpaneides charioi7ensisCarter Plafkerium mhfeatum(Nakaseko and Nishimura) Zafius tbajwiPessagm and Blome Staurmnfiurncf.rninoenseNakaseko and Nishimura Age: Early Jurassic; Toarcian. Pseudosfyiosphaera helicefa ( N ak a s e k 0 an d References: Cordey (1986; 1988): Cordey and Schiarizz3. (1993, Nishimmrraj ...... -. - IOC. 9). Pseudosiylosphaera spinulosa ( N akas e ko and Nishimura) Age: Late Triassic; Carnian. No.Field 809-01 GSC Lw. No. C-:300409 References: Cordey (1986 1988) 92J116NTS Northing5630278Eastinci 541283 North side of Carpenter Lake, 0.6 km south of mouth of Bighorn Creek. Field No. 804-03 GSC LOC.NO. C-300404 Grey chert. NTS 92J118 Northing 5622949 Easling 553882 Unit: MJBR 1.8 krn north of Mission Pass. Radiolarians: Grey chert. Canoptum friassicurn Yao Unit: MJBR Capnodocesp. Radiolarians:...... Pentaspongodkcus(7) sp. Gorgansiumsp. Sadasp. Kozurasfrumsp. Age: Late Triassic; Early-Middle Norian. Pseudosvfosphaerasp. References: Cordey (1986: 1988). Age: Late Triassic; Camian. References: Cordey (1966: 1988). Field No. 610-02 GSC Lw. No. C-300410 NTS 92J/16Northing5628130 Eastinf542944 F ield No.Field 805-01 GSC LOC.No. C-300405 North sideof Carpenter Lake, west of Fell Creek. NTS 92J115 Northing5637770 Easting515810 Grey chert. Carpenter Lake road, 200rn west of Gun Creek. Unit: MJBR Radiolarians:

- Bulletin 100 205 British Columbia __

Canopfum tn'assicum 'fa0 Age: Late Triassic; Late Camian-Middle Norian. Panfanefiumsp. References: Cordey (1986; 1988). Sariasp. Age: Late Triassic; Early-Middle Norian. Fieid No. 813-01 C-300213 No.Loc. GSC References: Cordey (1986 1988). NTS 92Ji16 Northing5623902Easting 550.935 North side of Carpenter Lake, 0.9 km southeast of Viera Creek Field No. 811-04 GSC Loc.C-300411 No. Grey chert. NTS 9ZJll6 Northing5628039Easting 543200 Unit: MJBR North side of Carpenter Lake, eastof Fell Creek. Radiolarians: Grey chert. Canoptum haeticum Kozur and Mostier Unit: MJBR Radiolarians: Capnodocesp. Capnwhosphaem triassica De Wever Kozumsfrum sp. Kalherosphaemsp. Panfanefiumsp. Praeobicuflformeflasp. Sarfapriefoensis Pessagno Pseudoheliodscussp. Age: Late Triassic; Late Camian-Middle Norian Pseudosfylosphaara spinulosa ( N a k s a e ko a n d References: Cordey (1986 1988). Nishimura) Tefmspongodiscus sp. Field No. 815-02 GSC LE.C-300115 No. Age: Late Triassic; Camian. NTS 92Jll6 Northing 5629231 Eastirjg 565'358 References: Cordey (1986 1988). Northeast side of Bridge River, 2 km west of Applespring Creel:. Grey chert. Field No. BIZ-02 GSCNo. LE. C-300412 Unit: MJER NTS 92Ji16 Northing5623963 Easting550227 Radiolarians: North side of Carpenter Lake, 0.7 km southeast Viera of Creek. Faickpongus calcaneum Dumitrica Grey chert. oeriflspngus sp.

Unit:~~ ~~~~~~~~ MJER Paroedlispongus sp. Radiolarians: Capnodom baldiensis Elome Piassocapedewevan'(Nakasekoand Nishimura) Capnuchosphaera deweveriKozurand Mostier Aae: Middle Triassic: late Anisian-Ladinian. Japonocampe nova p'ao) Riferences: Cordey'(1986 1988). Renziumsp. CADWALLADER TERRANE

Hurley Formation

Fieid No. 87BNC-EEC-201 GSC Loc. No.C-117588 Field No. 89BNC-BRC-501 GSC Loc. No. C-158(174 NTS 920i02 Northing 5653500 Easting508520 NTS92J/15 Northing 5648200 Easting 5051120 3.5 km northwest of Eldorado Mountain. Head of Eldorado Creek. Carbonate. Grey fossiliferous limestone. Unit: uKH Unit: u'KCH Microfossils: icthyoliths, nasseiiarian radiolarians Microfossils: conodonts, spumellarian radiolarian Radiolarians: Canopfum? sp. Radiolarians: Age: Late Triassic to Early Jurassic. PlaiWeriumcf. cochleafum(Nakaseko and Nishimurii) E .S. Carter Age: Middle or Late Triassic; Ladinian-Camian.Triassic; Late identification orby Middle Age: Carter E.S.

Junction Creek Unit

Turanfa bafiam Pessagno and Elome Field No. 89APS-15-9-2 C-168293No.Loc.GSC Age: Middle Jurassic; Aalenian-Eajocian. NTS 92Jl16NTSNorthing 5630000 Easting 565760 West of Applespring Creek. Field No. 898GA-8-lc GSC Loc. No.C-168::59 Carbonate. 925116NTSNorthing 5647540 Easting 547070 Unit: lmJJC 3 km northwest of mouth ofJunction Creek Radiolarians: Carbonate. Andromeda sp. Unit: ImJJC Crucefla sp. Eiodumcf. cameronicarter Radiolarians: Hsuumcf. befi'asfuiumPessagno and Whalen Acaeniopie sp. Parashuumcf. snowshoense(Pessagn0 and Wiialen) Canopfumsp. Paronaeflacf. grahamensiscarter Eucyrfissp. Pawicingula sp. ?Emiluvia sp. Panipyridium sp. Parashuumso. Praeconoca/yommasp. Age: Early or Middle Jurassic; Hellangian-Eajocian; possiblyTow Profoperispyridbmsp. cian-Eajocian.

206 Geological Surve.y Brar ch Ministry of Employment and Inwslmenl

APPENDIX 3

Macrofossil Identifications

By: T.P. Poulton, Geological Surveyof Canada, Calgary, Alberta. J.A. Jeletzky, Deceased, formerly of the Geological Surveyof Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. J.W. Haggalt, Geological Surveyof Canada, Vancouver.British C Aumbia. CADWALLADER TERRANE

Last CreekFormation

Field No. 87KG-PS30-1A GSCLOC. No. (2.154053 Fauna: NTS 920/02508460 Easting 5658380 Northing Tmefocerask/rkiWestermann North of Lower Tyaughton Creek. Pseudoliocerassp. Unit: ImJLC Unit: sp. bivalves ostreiid Fauna: Age: Aalenian, probably Upper Aalenian TmefoceraskMiWesiermann Reference: Poulton. Report No. J14-1987-TPP Pseudoliocerassp. E rycifoides(?) sp. Field No. 88BGA-7-16 No. Field sp. Erycifoides(?) GSC LOC. No. C-154091 P/anammafom?ras(?) sp. Northing92J/155648850NTS Eastin([501000 ostreiid(?) bivalvessp. Small tributary on east side of Gun Creek. Age: Aalenian. probably Upper Aalenian Unit: IrnJLC Reference: Poulton, Report No. J14-1987-TPP No.Reference:Fauna:ReportPoulton, Phy//oceraas(?) sp. Fieid No. 87KG-PS30-1A Loc.GSC No. C-154074 Hawid?)sp. NTS 920/02 Northing5658380 ti^^ 508460Age:Late Toarcian North ofLower Tyaughton Creek. Reference: Poulton, Report No. J1-1988-TPP Unitr.. IrnJl~C.. TUAUGHTON BASIN

Grouse CreekUnit

Field89-KGL-7-10 No. LoC.GSC NO. C-168107 Buchasp. aff. piochi(Gabb) NTS 92J/16Northing 5643630 Easting 552150 Age: probably Late Jurassic:Tithonian; perhapsearliestCrm?taceous 2 km north of the mouth of Shulaps Creek. Reference: Poulton. J8-1990-TPP Unit: JKG Fauna: Relay Mountain Group:Unit muJRMl

Age: Callovian (?) Field No. 86PS-44-5-02 GSC LOC.No. C-150235 Reference: Poulton. ReportNo. J8-1987-TPP NTS 920/03 Northing 5662560 Easting 491000 On spur 1.8 km east of Trail Ridge. Fieid86PS-44-5-05 No. LOC.GSCNo. (:-I50244 Unit: muJRMl NTS 920/03 Northing5662560 Eastiy 491000 Fauna: On spur 1.8 km east of Trail Ridge. Cardioceratid (?) ammonites Unit: muJRMl Age: Callovian (?) Fauna: Reference: Poulton. Report No. J6-1987-TPP Myophore//a sp. Asfade sp. Field86PS-44-5-03 No. C-150236GSCLOC.NO. Age: Middle Jurassic through Lower Cretaceous, undiffer(?ntiable NTS 920/03 Notthing5662560 Easting491000 Reference: Poulton. Report No. J8-1987-TPP On spur 1.8 km east ofTrail Ridge. Unit: muJRMl Field No. 87-KG-28-6-1 GSC Loc. NO. C-154065 . ". Cardioceratid(?)ammonite NTS 920/02 Northing5658600 Eastin83 513780 Age: Callovian (?) or Oxfordian (?) Relay Creek mad. Reference: Poulton. Report No. J8-1987-TPP Unit: muJRMl Fauna: Field No. 86PS-44-5-04 LOC.GSC No. C-I50237 Perisphinclidammonite,indetenninateastothttsubfam- NTS 920/03 Northing5662560Easting 491000 ily and genus. On spur 1.8 krn east of Trail Ridge. Age: Middle Jurassic (Bathonian Stage) to Mid-Lower Early Creta- Unit: muJRMl ceous (Barremian Stage). Fauna: Reference: Jeletzky. Km-4-1988JAJ Cadoceras (?) (Sfenocadoceras'?) sp.

- Bulletin 100 207 ~~ -___

British Columbia __

Relay Moantain Group: Unit JKRM2

Field No. 85UMR 32.9 GSC Loc. No. C-143251 Field85UMR No. U85-1 GSC LE. C-117035No. NTS 920i03 Northing5666488 Easlirlg 491 161 NTS 920i02 Northing5660326Easling 501680 1.1 km norhlwest of Elbow Mountain, N-trending spur, t?lev. 2300 1.8 km NNW of , slopes east of South Paradise m. Unit: JKRM2 Creek. Fauna: Unit: JKRM2 Buchia mncenfn'm (Sowerby) Fauna: Age: Upper Oxfordianor Lower Kimmerldglan Euchia cmssicolfis (Keyserling) Reference: Poulton, J6-1987-TPP Olcosfephanus (7) sp. Phylloceras sp. Field85UMR No.C-143252 GSCNo.32.3Loc. Age: Upper Valanginian NTS 920i03 Northing566512Eastirlg 491 369 Reference: Poulton, J6-1987-TPP 0.8 km northwest of Elbow Mountainon N-trendingspur, elev. 2300 m. Field 85UMRNo. U85-7A GSCLoc. C-117296No. Unit: JKRM2 NT S 920102NTS Northing5660086Easling 501854 Fauna: 1.5 km NNWof Castle Peak.justeastof South Paradise Creek,elev. Buchia uncifoides(Pavlow) (?) 2040 m. Age: Upper Berriasian (7) Unit: JKRM2 Reference: Poulton, J6-1987-TPP Fauna: Euchiasp. aff. uncifoides(Pavlow) (?) Field No. 85UMR U85-39 GSC Loc. No. C-143:?53 Euchiasp. aff. keyserhhgi(Lahusen)(?) NTS 920i03 Northing 5663519 Easling 494129 Age: Upper Berriasian or Lower Valanginian. possible mixed 0.8 km SSW of Tyoax Passon knob 0.7 kin south of Toong's Ricge, Reference: Poulton, J6-1987-TPP elev. 2255 m. Unit: JKRM2 Fauna: Field No. 85UMR U85-11 GSC LOC. No. C-117297 Euchia okensis (Pavlow) NTS 92OiO2 Northing 5660246 Easting 501777 Age: Lower Berriasian 1.7 km NNW of Castle Peak, east of Paradise Creek, elev. 2040m. Reference: Poulton, J6-1987-TPP Unit: JKRM2 Fauna: Field 86UMRNo. U86-11 GSCLOC. C-143:!54No. Euchiasp. cf. cnsicofik(Keyserling) NTS 920i02 Northing5661624 Easling 5031128 Age: probably Upper Valanginian 1.1 kmnorthwestofCardlableMounlain,onnorthslopeabovePlira- Reference: Poulton. J6-1987-TPP dise Creek, elev. 2150 m. Unit: JKRM2 Field No. 85UMR U85-16 GSC LOC. No.GI17298 Fauna: NTS 920i02 Northing5659773 Easting 502266 Buchiasp. cf. piochfi (Gabb) Age: Volgian 1.1 north of Castle Peak, east of South Paradise Creek, elev. km Reference: Poulton. J6-1987-TPP 2195 m. Unit: JKRM2 Fauna: Field No. 86UMR U86-2 GSC LOC. No. C-143:!55 Euchia fischeriana (dOrbigny)(?) NTS 920102 Northing5661930 Easting503047 Age: Upper Oxfordian to Volgian. more likely Volgian 1.3 km northwest of Cardtable Mountain, onnorth slope southeast Reference: Poulton, J6-1987-TPP of Paradise Creek, elev. 2070 m. Unit: JKRMZ Fauna: Field No. 85UMR U85-17 GSC LOC. No.C417299 Buchia mosquensis (?) NTS 92OiO2 5659773Northing Easling502266 Cylihdrofeufhis (?) sp. 1.1 km northof Castle Peak, eastof Paradise Creek, elev. 2195m. Age: probably Upper Kimmeridgianor Volgian Unit: JKRM2 Reference: Poulton, J6-1987-TPP Fauna: Euchia crassi~lfis(Keyserling) Field No. 86UMR U86-25 GSC Loc. No. C-143256 Homoisomifes quafsinoensis (Whiteaves), formely re- NTS 920i02 Northing 5662003 Easling 5025163 ferred to Oi&ofomifes 1.4 km northwest of Cardtable Mountain, south of Paradise Cre?k, belemnite, indet. elev. 1980 m. Age: Upper Valanginian Unit: JKRM2 Comment: Samples U85-I7 and 16 are from the same locality. .Fauna: ~.~. Reference: Poulton. J6-1987-TPP Euchiapioch#(Gabb)or B. fischeriana(d'0rbigny) Age: Volgian Reference: Poulton, J6-1987-TPP Field 85UMRNo. U85-30 GSC Loc.No. C-I17300 NTS 920103 Northing 5661912 Easting 494507 Field No. 86UMR U86-26 GSC Loc. No. C-143157 1.I km N of confluence of Lizard and Tyaughton Creeks, elev. 1920 m. NTS 920102 Northing 5662029 Easting 503C89 Unit: JKRM2 1.4 km northwest of Cardtable Mountain,south of ParadiseCre,?k. elev. 1980 Fauna: m. Unit: JKRMZ Buchiasp. aff. uncifoides(Pavlow) Fauna: Age: Upper Berriasian (?) Euchia okensis (Pavlow)(7) or B pibchI(Gabb) Reference: Poulton. J6-1987-TPP Age: probably Lower Berriasian (7) Reference: Poulton. J6-1987-TPP

208 Geological Survey Bracch Ministry of Employment and Investment

Reference: Poulton, J6-1987-TPP Field 86UMRNo. U86-34 GSCLoc.No. C-I43258 NTS 920/02 Northing5663636Easting 502162 Field No. 86UMR 53-14 GSC Loc. No. C-143267 1.3 km southeastof Relay Mountain. northwest of paradise NTS 920/02 Northing 5666405 Eastins1 503875 Creek, elev. 2135 m. 0.9 km northeast of peak 8222on NE-trending spur, elev. 2240 m. Unit: JKRM2 Unit: JKRM2 Fauna: Fauna: Euchia sp. Euchiasp. cf. fischeriana(d'0rbigny) (?) Age: Volgian to Valanginian Fronae//a (?) sp. Reference: Poulton, J6-1987-TPP Age: probably Upper Voigianor Lower Berriasian Reference: Pouiton. J6-1987-TPP Field No. 86UMR 53-20 GSC Loc. No. C-143268 Field 86UMRNo. U86-36 GSC Loc.C-143260No. Northing 5662017 Eastingi 503736 NTS 920102 Northing5663990Easting 502170 NTS 920102 northeast peak 8222, elev. 2315 1.2 km southeast of Relay Mountain. northwest of Paradise Creek, 600 m of m. elev. 2225 m. Unit: JKRM2 Unit: JKRM2 Fauna: Fauna: Euchiauncioides(Pavlow)orB toimaftShawi(Sokolov) Euchia crassim//is(Keyser(ing) or E. pacificaJeletky Age: Upper Berriasian or Lower Valanginian Euchia sub1aevisor E. Mafa(Toula) Reference: Poulton. J6-1987-TPP Euchia okensis(Pavlow) (?) Age: mostly Mid-toLateValanginian,possiblywithBerriasianmixed Field86UMRNo. U86-86 GSCLoc.C-143269 No. in. NTS 920/02 Northina5665229 Eastinrt502349 Comment: Probably a mixed collection. 1.7 km northeast of Relay MGuntain, elev. 2285m. Reference: Poulton. J6-1987-TPP Unit: JKRM2 . ". Field86UMR No. U86-39 GSCLOC.C-143261No. Euchia pacifica Jeletzky NTS 920i02 Northing5663479Easting 502404 Euchla sp. aff. Mafa (Toula) or aff. 8. /feyserMgi(La- 1.6 km southeastof Relay Mountain, northwestof Paradise Creek. husen) Unit: JKRM2 Age: Middle Valanginian Fauna: Reference: Poulton. J6-1987-TPP Euch1a okensis (Pavlow) Age: Lower Berriasian Field No. 86UMR 86-189 GSC Loc. No. C-143272 Reference: Poulton, J6-1987-TPP NTS 920103 Northing 5666935 Eiasting 493559 Southwestspurof'GraveyardMountain",1.8kmNEofElboNMoun- Field No. 86UMR U86-48 GSC Loc. No. C-143262 taln, elev. 2250 m. NTS 920102 Northing5562390 Easting503532 Unit: JKRMZ 1.6 km norih of Cardtable Mountain, southof Paradise Creek, elev. Fauna: 1705. . .. .m. . . . Euchiasp. cf. fischeriana(d'0rbigny) Unit: JKRM2 Meieagnnefia sp. Fauna: bivalve Euchia sp. Age: probably UpperVolgian or Lower Berriasian Age: Volgian or Berriasian most likely Reference: Poulton, J6-1987-TPP Reference: Poulton, J6-1987-TPP Field No. 86UMR 86-190 GSC Loc. No. C.143273 Field No. 86UMR 52-7 GSC LE. No. C-143264 NTS 920/03 Northing5666914Easting 493407 NTS 920102 Northing5667073 Easting503216 Southwest spur of 'Graveyard Mountain", elev. 2180 m. 1.25 km north of peak8222,500 m southwest of peak 7413. Unit: JKRM2 Unit: JKRM2 Fauna: Euch.uncifoides(Pavlow) or B fo/mafscbowi(!3okolov) Age: probably Lower Valanginian, possibly Upper B#?rriasian Reference: Poulton. J8-1987-TPP

Reference: Poulton, J6-1987- Field No. 86UMR 86-193 GSC Loc. No. GI43274 NTS 920/03 Northing 5666341 Easting 494351 Field No. 66UMR 52-21 GSC LOC. No. C-143265 Low on southeast spur of "Graveyard Mountain", 2.6 km east of NTS 920/02 Northing 5665923 Easting 503021 Elbow Mountain, elev. 2105m. On knob 1.1 km north of peak 8222, 3.6 km northeast of Relay Unit: JKRMZ Mountain, elev. 2345 m. Fauna: Unit: JKRM2 Euchiapiochi(Gabb) (?) Fauna: asfa&(?) sp. Euchk? uncifoides (Pavlow) Age: probably Upper Kimmeridgian or Volgian Age: probably Upper Berriasian Reference: Poulton, J6-1987-TPP Reference: Poulton, J6-1987-TPP meldNO.86UMR 86-201 GSCLoc.143275No.C. Field No. 86UMR 53-3 GSC Loc. NO. C-143266 NTS 920103 Northing5662750 Easting499427 NTS 920102NTS Northing5666491 Easting 503964 0.5kmwestofthepassbetweensouthRelayCreekandnorlhPara- 1.6 km northeast of peak 8222. near saddle 3.8 km northeast of dise Creek, 2.1 km southwest of Relay Mountain. Relay Mountain, elev. 2165m. Unit: JKRMZ Unit: JKRM2 Fauna: Fauna: EuchiapiocM(Gabb) Euchia flscheriana (d'orbigny) (?) Age: Upper Kimmeridgian orVolgian Age: probably Voigian Reference: Poulton, J6-1987-TPP

- Bulletin 100 209 Unit: JKRM2 Fieid86UMR No. 287-4 GSC LOC.C-143276 No. Fauna: NTS 920/03 Northing5663953Easting 494313 belemnites, indet. 0.4 km southwest of Tyoax Pass, 3.2 kmSE of Elbow Mourltain. bivalves, indet. Unit: JKRM2 Age: Middle Toarcian through Cretaceous, undifferentiable Fauna: Reference: Poulton, Report No. J8-1987-TPP Euchiasp. aff. unCitoides(Pavlow) Euchiasp. aff. okensis(Pavl0w) Fieid86PS-1-7-03 No. C-150247 No. Loc.GSC Age: Lower orlower Middle Berriasian 920103NTS Northing 5670820 Eastirlg 489340 Reference: Pouiton, J6-1987-TPP Southeast side ofDil-Dil Plateau. Unit: JKRM2 Field86UMR No. 86-365 GSC Loc.C-143280No. Fauna: NTS 920i03 Northing6664148 Easting495173 belemnitids, cf. Acroteulhissp. 500m E of Tyoax Pass,near topof peak, elev. 2285m. indeterminate juvenile bivalves Unit: JKRM2 Age: Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, possibly Berriasian to Bar- Fauna: remian. Reference: Haggart, JWH-1989-02

Euchia flscheriana (7)~~ (d'orbigny)~~ Asta/fe sp. Age: Upper Oxfordianto Volgian, probably Volgian Field No. 86PS-3-4-02 GSC LE. No. C-150134 Reference: Poulton. J6-1987-TPP NTS 920i03 Northing 5672040 Easting 488:3ZO South side of Dil-Dil Plateau. Field86UMR No. 86-371 GSC No.LOC. C-143281 Unit: JKRM2 NTS 920103NTS Northing5663624 Easting 494653 Fauna: 700 m south of Tyoax Passon east slope of S-trending spurat end Phyllocems (7) sp. of Toong's Ridge, elev. 2120 m. Age: Middle Jurassic through Cretaceous. undifferentiable Unit: JKRMZ Reference: Pouiton, Report No. J8-1987-TPP Fauna: Euchla concentnca (Sowerby) Field No. 86PS-3-4-03 GSC LE. No. lC-150:131 Age: Upper Oxfordian orLower Kimmeridgian NTS 920/03 Northing 5671040 Easting 488320 Reference: Poulton, J6-1987-TPP South sideof Dil-Dil Plateau. Unit: JKRM2

Fieid86UMR No. 86-395 GSC LOC. C-143282No. .Fauna: ". NTS 920102 Northing5659008 Easting503635 Euchlasp. cf. blanfordiana(Stoliczka) 1.2 km ENE of Castle Peak, eiev. 2195 m. Age: Upper Kimmeridgiaflolgian Unit: JKRM2 Reference: Poulton, Report No. J8-1987-TPP

.Fall"R: ". Euchiapibchll(Gabb) Fieid No. 86PS-3-5-01 GSC Loc. No. 1:-150:!38 Age: Upper Volgian NTS 920103 Northing5671030Easting 488!i60 Reference: Poulton, J6-1987-TPP South side of Dil-Dil Plateau. Unit: JKRM2 Field86KG-52-20-1 No. GSC No.LOC. C-150220 .F;l#,"W ". NTS 920103 Northing5656020 Easting498920 Buchiasp. cf. fischenana (d'orbigny) North-south ridgeNE of Tyaughton Creek. perisphinctid ammonite.indet.. constticted microconchs Unit: JKRM2 Age: Volgian (7) Fauna: Reference: Poulton. Report No. J8-1987-TPP EuchlapaciflcaJeletzky Age: Middle Valanginian Field No. 86PS-36-01 No.C-150:!48LOC.GSC Reference: Poulton. J7-1987-TPP NTS 920/03 Northing5671030 Easting 488ti60 south side of Dil-Dil Plateau. Field No. 86KG-52-20-1 GSC Loc. No. C-150249 Unit: JKRMZ NTS 920i03 Northing5656020 Easting498920 Fauna: North-south ridgeNE of Tyaughton Creek. oerisohinctid ammonite. indet. Unit: JKRM2 micrdconchs and macroconch Fauna: Phy~//ocassp. indet. EuchiapaciflcaJeleWky "_..."I_. Age: Middle Valanginian other bivalves, indet. Reference: Poulton. J7-1987-TPP Age: Volgian (7) Reference: Pouiton. Report No. J8-1987-TPP Field No. 86PS-1-7-01 GSC LOC. No. C-150246 NTS 920103 Northing 5670780 Easting 489850 Field No. 86PS-21-13-01 GSCNo.Loc. GI50227 Southeast side of Dii-Dil Plateau. NTS 920/03 Northing 5666100 Easting491740 Unit: JKRM2 Elbow Mountain. Fauna: Unit: JKRM2 Euchiasp. . ". other bivalves, indet. Euchiasp. aff. pioch/?(Gabb) gastropods, indet. Age: Volgian (7) Age: Upper Oxfordianthrough Vaianginian, probably Volgialr Reference: Pouiton, Report No. J8-1987-TPP Reference: Poulton, Report No. J8-1987-TPP Field No. 86PS-403-01 GSC Loc. No. C-150228 Field No. 86PS-1-7-02 GSC Loc. No. C-150245 NTS 920/03 Northing5666740 Eastin!] 491 120 NTS 920i03 Northing 5670800 Easting489920 1 km northwest of Elbow Mountain. Southeast side of Dil-Di! Plateau. Unit: JKRMZ

210 Geological Survey Branch Ministry of Employmenr ond Investment

Fauna: (Pavlow 1907) var. laimyrensis (Pavlow 190;') s. lato Eelemnofeufhis(7) sp. (=Euchian. sp. aff. pixhiof Jeletzky 1968) (,elativeiy Asfade (7) sp. rare) Mach(7) sp. cf. Euchiamosquensis(von Buch1837) :i.lato irareand Meleagrinella (7) sp. poorly preserved) Age: Upper Jurassic(7) Age:ThesameasforUlelotC-154051.Uppermostpa~ofU~eLower Reference: Pouiton, Report No. J8-1987-TPP Tithonian (=lower Volgian)or Portlandian s. str. Comment: Same locality as C-154051. F ield No. 86PS-40-16-01FieldNo. GSC No.LOC. C-I50229 Reference: Jeletzky, Km-4-1988JAJ NTS 920i03 Northina5668380Eastina 492420 120 m eastof summit 2.3 km-north ofElbow Mountain. - Field No.87-KG-PS-25-6-2A GSC LOc. NO.C-154052 Unit: JKRM2 NTS 920102 Northing5658800 tiasting512720 Paradise Creek road. Unit: JKRM2 Age: Volgian or Berriasian Fauna: Reference: Poulton, Report No. J8-1987-TPP E&& forms transitional between Bonhia n/ssienss (Pavlow 1907) var. talmyensis (Zakhamv 1081) and Field No. 86KG-45-8-01 GSC LOG. No. C-150224 Euchiacf.blanforrd/ana(Stolicz~l866)ofJelelrky1965 NTS 920103 Northing 5664400 Easting 4935660 lorevalent\>v~-~-~-~~~, Ridge 1 km west of Tyoax Pass. Buchia cf. blanfodiana (Stoliczka 1866) of Jeletzky Unit: JKRM2 1965, fairly common but represented mostly by small. Fauna: early forms described as Auceliacf.A. mosquevsis(An- EuchiapaciXca Jeletzky derson 1945) (fairly rare) Age: Middle Valanginian Buchia russiensis(Pavlow 1907) var. l&inyrensisZak- Reference: Poulton. Report No. J7-1987-TPP harov 1981 (relatively rare) Onychessp. indet. (a belemnite arm hook) Field NO. 86KG-45-15-01GSC No. C-15025 Age: The lot C-I54052 is derived either from the basal beds of Loc. Buchiacf. blanforrd/anaZone or from the transitional beds oetween NTS920103 Northing 5666320 Easting 493120 Euchiacf. blanfordianaand Euchiarussiansiss. latoZone;. At any 1.9 km northwest of Tyoax Pass. rate the lot GI54052 is either only slightly older than the lot C- Unit: JKRM2 154051 or (less likely) about contemporaty with it. Fauna: Reference: Jelelzky, Km-4-1988-JAJ Buchia sp. Age: probably Berriasian or Valanginian Reference: Pouiton. Report No. J7-1987-TPP Field No. 67-KG-PS-25-6-26 GSC Lw. No. C-154073 NTS 920102 Norlhing565880 EFastinC 512720 Field No. 86KG-48-7-03No.GSCLW. C-I50232 Paradise Creek road. NTS 920103 Northing5664000 Easting494380 Unit: JKRM2 Summit 3 km southwest of Tyoax Pass. Fauna: Unit: JKRMZ Euchia forms transitional between Eurhia ntssiansis (Pavlow 1907) var. faimyrensis Zakharov 1!)81 and .Fa,,"il: ". Perisphinctid ammonite similar to Decipia Euchiacf. bianfordana(Stoliczka 1866)ofJeIet!ky1965 Age: Upper Oxforclian (?) (prevalent) Reference: Pouiton, Report No. J7-1987-TPP Euchiacf.blanforrd/ana(Stoiiczka1866)ofJelet:ky1965 (fairly common, but represented mostly by sm2ll, early formsdescribedas Aumlacf. A. mosqut?nsisbyAnder- FieldNo.87-KG-PS-25-6-1A GSCLOC.No. C-154051 son 1945 NTS 920102 Northing5658796Easting 512725 Age: The same asfor the lots C-154052, C-154069 and C-154070 Paradise Creek road. (upper partof the Lower Tithonian (=Early Volgian) or Poltlandian Unit: JKRM2 s. str). Fauna: Comment Same locality as C-154052, Buchiacf. blanfodiane(Stoliczka1866) of Jeletzky 1965 Reference: Jeletzky, Km-4-1988-JAJ (prevalent but mostly represented by small early forms) Euchia forms transitional behveen B. cf. blanordhna (Stoliczka 1866) of Jeletzky 1965 and U. russiensis Field No. 87-KG-PS-30-7-1GSC Lw. No. C-154054 (Pavlow 1907) vaL faimyrensis ZakharOv 1981 (fairly 920102NorthingNTS5657880 E'asting 509400 common) North of Lower Tyaughton Creek. Buchian/ssiensis(Pavlow 1907) s. lato (=Buchian.sp. Unit: JKRM2 aff. piWhI7of Jeietzky 1968) (relatively rare) Fauna: cf. Euchiamosquansis(von Buch)s. lato (rareandpoorly Poorly preserved Late Jurassic Euchiaforms wtiich may preserved) belong either to the late(Le. early Portlandian oi'earliest Age:Lowerpartof Euchbcf. bbnford&na(Stoliczka 1866)Zoneas Tithonian) forms of Euchiamosquensiss(vonBuch 1837) defined by Jeletzky(in Jeletzky and Tipper, 1968). Uppermost part s. lato or to Buchiarussiensis(Pavlow1907) s. lato of theLower Tithonian (=iowerVolgian) or Portlandians. str. Age: Late Jurassic. The lotC-I54054 is derived either front the up- Reference: Jeletzky, Km-4-1988-JAJ per (Le. Lower Portlandians. Str. OrearliestTithonian) partof Euchia mosquensis s. lato Zone or to some part of the later, bul not the Field 87-KG-PS-25-6-1BGSC LOC.No. C-154072 latest, Portlandians. str. (=later but not the latestTitiionianl Euchia No. mssiensiss. latoZone. NTS 920i02 Northing5658800 Easting 512720 Comment: Lot C-I54054 is definitely older than eitherof the lots Paradise Creek road. C-154051 and C-154052, Unit: JKRM2 Reference: Jeletzky, Km-4-1988JAJ Fauna: Euchiacf. blam'orrd/ana(Stoliczka 1866) ofJoietzky 1965 (prevalent but mostly represented by small, eady forms)Fieid No. 87-KG-PS-30-12 GSC LE. No. C.154055 Euchia forms transitional between B. cf. blanfordiana NTS 920i02 Northing 5657810 Easting 510600 (Stoliczka 1866) of Jeietzky 1965 and U. russiensis North of Lower Tyaughton Creek.

Bulletin IO0 211 Briiish Colunzbia

Unit: JKRM2 Fauna: Fleld87-KG-9-6 No. LOC.GSC NO. C-154175 Bucha msiensis(Pavlow 1907)5. lato NTS 920102 Northing5657390 Easling 516350 Age: Greater middle part of Buchia rusienSiS S. lato Zone Of the Lower Mud Creek. RelavMountainGroup; mid-EarlyTithonian (=mid-Podandians.Str. Unit: JKRM2 or mfd-Early Volgian): Fauna:

Comment:~~~~~~ ~ ~ Lot ~~~ C-154055 is distinctiv older than thelots C-154051 Buchia forms transitional behveen 6.cf. blanfordd?na and C-154052. (Stoliczka 1866) of Jeletzky 1965 and B. NSSie,7SiS Reference: Jeletzky, Km-4-1988-JAJ (Pavlow 1907) s. lato (prevalent) Buchia russensis (Pavlow 1907) s. lato (including 13. 1. Field87-KG-PS-36-11 No. GSCLOC.C-154058No. var. taimyrenskZakharov 1981: fairly common) Age: Tithonian. Upperpart of the Buchia russiensiss. lab Zont!. NTS 920i02 Northing5661330 Easting510220 Lower Paradise Creek. Comment: Float at base of cliff. Unit: JKRM2 Reference: Jeletzky, Km-4-1988-JAJ Fauna: Buchia cf. b/anfordiana (Stoliczka 1866) of Jeletzky Fieid No. 87-KG-28-1 GSC LOG.C-154083No. 1965 NTS 920102 Northing5655050Easting 516.320 Buchia forms transitional between B. cf. bianfordiana Relay Creek road. (Stoliczka 1866) of Jeletzky 1965 and E. russiensis Unit: JKRM2 (Pavlow 1907) var. taimyrensisZakharov 1981 Fauna: Bucha russiensis(Pavlow 1907)s. lato Buchiaex gr. B. mosquansis(von Buch 1837) S. la111 Age: The main part ofBuchiacf. blanfordianazone. Uppermost part B. msiensis(Pavlow 1907) s. lato (rare andporlyl~re- of the Lower Tithonian(=lower Volgian or Portlandians. Str.). served right valves) Comment: The lot C-154058 is slightly younger than the lot C- Age: General mid-Kimmeridgian to early Portlancian 154051. (=earliest Lower Tithonian). Reference: Jeletzky, Km-4-1988-JAJ Reference: Jelehky, Km-4-1988-JAJ

Field No. 87-KG-PS-36-14 GSC LOC. No. C-154059 Field87-KG-28-2 No. No.LOC. GSC C-154064 NTS 920102 Northing 5661210 Easling 516450 NTS 920102 Northing5658570 Easling514!i30 Lower Paradise Creek, east end of outcrop. East of Relay Creek road. Unit: JKRM2 Unit: JKRM2 Fauna: Fauna: Buchia forms transitional between Buchia mssiensis Lateformsof Buchiarnosquensis(v0n Buch 1837)s. la10 (Pavlow 1907) var. taimyrensisZakharov 1981 and (strongly prevalent),, Buchia cf. blanfordiana (Stoliczka 1866) of Jeletzky Bucha forms transltlonal betweenB. mosquensis(jron 1965 (prevalent) Buch) and B. mssiansb(Pavlow) (fairly rare) Buchia cf. blanfordiana (Stoliczka 1886) of Jeletzky Buchia msienSl.9 (Pavlow 1907) s. la10 (early folms 1965 (common. but represented almost exclusively by only; rare) small, earlyformsdescribed as AuceIacf. A. rnosquen- Age: Upper part of fluchia rnosquensi. s. lato Zone. Early P,)rt- sis(Andenon 1945) landian s. str. (=earliest Tithonian or earliest EarlyVolgian). Buchia russiensis (Pavlow 1907) s. lato including B. I: Reference: Jeletzky. Km-4-1988-JAJ var. tairnyrensisZakharaov 1981 Indeterminate pelecypods Field87-KG-39-6-2 No. C-154069No.Loc.GSC Age: The sameas for thelots C-154052 and C-15406% upperpart 920102NorthinQNTS 5657200 Easling511560 of the Lower Tithonian (=Early Volgian) or Portiandianstr. s. North of lower Tyaughton Creek. Reference: Jeietzky. Km.4-1988-JAJ Unit: JKRM2 Fauna: Fieid No. 87KG-9-3 GSC Loc. No. C-154061 Buchiaformstransitional betweenB. mssiensis(Pavi0w NTS 920102 Northing5657580 Easting516530 1907) var. ta1myrensisZakharov1981 and 8.cf. b/an'or- Lower MudCreek. diana(Stoliczka 1866)of Jeiehky 1965 (prevalent) Unit: JKRM2 Buchlacf. b/anfordiana(Stoilczka 1866)ofJeletZkyIC165 Fauna: (exclusively small. early forms described by Anderson MeieagnneIasp. (1945) as Auceilacf. A. mosquensis: considerably loss O@orna(?) sp. common) bivalves, indet. Buchia mssiensis (Pavlow 1907) var. tairnyrensisZnk- terebratuild brachiopods(?)sp. hamv 1981 (fairly rare) fish scales(?) sp. Age: Transitional beds between Buchia msssianais S. lato and Age: Early Portlandian Buchiacf.blanfordianazonesandapproximatelycontemporalyw4th Reference: Poulton, Report No. J14-1987-TPP the io1 C-154052(upperpart of theLowerTithonian (=EarlyVoigihn) or Portlandian s. str). Field No. 87-KG-9-5 GSC LOC. No. C-154062 Reference: Jeletzky. Km-4-1988-JAJ NTS 920/02 Northing5657480 Easling516440 GSC LOC. No. C-163760 Lower Mud Creek. Fieid No. 87-PU-RM-05 Unit: JKRM2 NTS 920/02 Northing 566553 Eastlny 502E47 Fauna: About 3.1 km NE of Relay Mountain Buchia russiensis (Pavlow 1907)s. lato (including less Unit: JKRM2 common B. I: var. taimyrensisZakharov 1981) (preva- Fauna: lent) Buchi8 sp. Buchia cf. and aff. late forms of B. mosquenss (von Argenfinicerascf. nodulfemrn(Steuer 1897) Buch 1837) (rare) Protothunnannian. sp. B of Jeletzky(1984, plate 2) Age: Approximately the same as for the lot GI54465 mid-Early Age: Probably early Berriasian, zone of Buchia okansis S.S. (see Tithonian (=mid-Portlandians. str. or mid-early VOlgian). Jeletzky, 1984) Reference: Jeletzky, Km-4-1988-JAJ Reference: Haggart, JWH-1989-02

__ 212 Geological Survey Brarch Ministry of Employment and Investment

Age: Presumably represents some part of Buchia pad/& Zone Field NO. 87-PU-RM-06FieldNO. C-163761GSCLOC.NO. (Lower Valanglnian). However, because of thepoor presewationof NTS 920/02 Northing566406 Easting 502897 allspecimensavallable,thelotC-143135couldalsorepres~~ntsorne About 3 km NE of Relay Mountain. partofthensxtolderBuchia/olma~chowiZone(sesJeletzo/,19t14, for further details). Unit: JKRM2 Reference: Jeletzky. Km-6-1988JAJ Fauna: berriaselid ammonite, genus and species indeterminate Phylfmrascf. knoxviense(Stan1on 1896) Field67-PU-70Loo. No.GSC NO. GI43136 Buchia okensis(Paviow, 1907) NTS 920/02 5661680Northing I~astin{~505190 Buchia ex aff. okensis (Pavlow. 1907) NE of Cardtable Mountain. Age: Early Berriasian. zone of Buchia okensis S.S. (see Jeletzky. Unit: JKRMZ 1984) Fauna: Comment: Stratigraphically above GSC Loo. '2-163760. Buchia fenius/riafa(Lahusen 1888) Reference: Haggart. JWH-1989-02 Age: Late Kimmeridgian;Buchia tenuisfnataZone Reference: Jeletzky, Km-6-1988JAJ N o. 87-PU-54 GSC Loo. No. C-143130FieldNo. 87-PU-54Loo. No. GSC NTS 920i02 Northing5658370 Easting507600 Field No. 87-PU-73 GSC Loo. No. C:-143137 North of Tyaughton Creek. NTS 920i02 Northing5681100 Eastin!l505020 Unit: JKRM2 NE of Cardlable Mountain. Fauna: Unit: JKRM2 Buchia(Anauce1a)cf. concen/rica(Sowerby)s. lato (ap- Fauna: parentlylateformsonly,includingB.(A.) concenfricavar. Poorly presewed Buchiaexgr. uncifoides-pac~~~(~n- erringfoni(Gabb) (numerous; no other Buchia forms not be identified any closer) noted) Age: late Berriasian (=Bucha unoifoides s. lato Zone) to early Age: Presumably the upper partof Buchia (Anaocelfa) concenfnba Valanginian (=BuchiapacifiwZone) s. lato Zoneof lower to middle Kimmeridgian age. This assignment Reference: Jeletzky. Km-6-1988JAJ must remain tentative becauseof a poor preservatmn ailof Bud& specimens available. Field NO. 67-PU-74 GSC Loo. No. C-143138 Reference: Jeletzky. Km-6-1988-JAJ NTS 920/02 Northing5661040 Eastin(( 504860 NE of Cardtable Mountain. No. 87-PU-55 GSC Loo. NO. C-143131FieldNO.87-PU-55 Loo. GSCNo. Unit: JKRMZ NTS 920/02 Northing5658170 Easting 507910 Fauna: North of Tyaughton Creek. Buchia(Anauceiia) concen/rica(Sowerby)s. la1J (preva- Unit: JKRM2 lent; apparently late forms only) B. (A,) c. var. ernhgfoni(Gabb) (fairly common'! Fauna: Buchia(Anauceiia) concen/rica(Sowerby)s. lato (exclu- Age: early to mid-Kimmeridgian; upper part of Buchia (Amuce//a) sively late forms. including B. (A,) concenfnca var. er- concenfricas. lato Zone nhgfoni(Gabb) (numerous;nootherBuchiafomsnoted) Reference: Jeletzky,Km-6-1988JAJ Age: The same as for the lot C-143130 (lower to middle Kim- meridgian) but the dating of thelot C143131 is offered without res- C-143140FieldNo. 87-PU-83Loo. GSCNo. ewation because of a much bener presewation of its buchiids. NTS 920i03 Eastin(l4920005665850Northing Reference: Jeletzky, Km-6-1988-JAJ SE of Elbow Mountain. Unit: JKRM2 Field No. 87-PU-64 GSC Loo. NO. C-143132 Fmna:. ". Buchia uncifoides (Paviow 1907) var. spasskwsoides Easting 504420 NTS 920i02 Northing 5661590 (Crickmay 1930) (prevalent) NE of Cardtable Mountain. Buchia okensis (Pavlow 1907) (late form; a solitary Unit: JKRM2 specimen) Fauna: Ape: earlv late Berriasian; lower Dart of Buchia ur~cifoidtss. lato Buchia(Aneuce//e) concen/rioa(Sowerby)s. lato (a mix- &e lure of early and late forms) (numerous) Reference: Jeletzky, Km-6-1988JAJ Buchiacf. fenuisfria/a(Lahusen 1888) (rare) Age: Some part of Buchia(Anauceiia) concen/ricas. latoZone. It is impossible to say whether the lot C-143132 represents the Upper Field No. 87-PU-87 GSC Loo. NO. C-143141 Oxfordian or the Lowerto Middle Kimmeridgian partof the zone. NTS 920i03 Northing 5666200 Eiasting 492100 Reference: Jeletzky, Km-6-1988-JAJ 250 meast of Elbow Mountain. Unit JKRM2 Fauna: Field No. 87-PU-66 GSC Loo. NO. C-143133 Buchiauncifoides(Pavl0w 1907) f. typ.(commm) NTS 920i02 Northing5661730 Easting504700 Buchiauncifoides(Pavl0w 1907)var.acufisfria;a(Crick- NE of Cardtable Mountain. mav~~, 19301 Immmon\~~, Unit: JKRM2 Buchia uncifoides (Pavlow 1907) var. spassknsoides Fauna: (Crickmay 1930) (rare) BuchiapacificaJeletzky 1965 (prevalent) Age: late Berriasian; some part (more likely middle)of Buckia unci-

Buchia foimafschowiiSokolov~~~~ ~ 1908) irare) I I ~~ ~, toidess. lato Zone Age: Lower part ofBuchiapacifi&Zone; Lower Valanginian Reference: Jeletzky. Km-6-1988JAJ Reference: Jeletzky, Km-6-1988-JAJ Field No. 87-PU-91 GSC Loo. No. C-143143 Field87-PU-69 GSCNo. No. LOC. C-143135 NTS 920/03 Northing5666400 E:astinc 491850 NTS 920/02 Northina5662730 Eastina"505510 300 m north of Elbow Mountain. NE of Cardtable Mountain. Unit: JKRM2 Unit: JKRM2 Fauna: Fauna: Buchiafenuisfnn'ata(Lahusen1888) (numerous; no other Pwrly presewed Buchiaex gr. pacifica Jeletzky 1965 buchiids seen)

Bullerin 100 2.13 Brirish Columbia __

Age: late Kimmeridgian; Buchia fenuisfnafaZone Buchia sp. transitional to B. d. blanfoniianaof Jelelzky Reference: Jelelzky, Km-6-1988JAJ 1965 (small forms only; rare) Age: Middleto upper partof the Buchia msslenslss. lato Zone('ate Field No. 87-PU-93 GSC Loc. No. C-143144 Portlandian s. str. =late early Tithonian or late early Volgian).'The lot C-143149 Is probably approximately contemporary withlo& C- NTS920103 Northing 5666200 Easting 491840 150 north of Elbow Mountain. 143145, C-143146, and C-143148 but, unlike these loti, it is as- m signed unreselvedlyto the msslenslss. lato Zone. Unit: JKRM2 Buchia Reference: Jeletzky, Km-6-1988JAJ Fauna: Buchia uncifoldes(Paviow 1907)f. typ. (common) B. u. var. acufisfriafa(Crickmay 1930)(common) Field No. 87-PU-106 GSC Loc. No. C-143150 B. u var. spasskenoides(Crickmay 1930) (very rare) NTS 920/03 Northing 5668450 Easting 492150 Age: the sameas for the lot C-143141 (late Berriasian) 2.3 km north of Elbow Mountain. Reference: Jelelzky,Km-6-1988JAJ Unit: JKRM2 Fauna: N o. 87-PU-95 GSC Loc. No. C-143145FieldNo. 87-PU-95Loc. No.GSC Euchia russiensis (Pavlow 1907) s. lato (mostly ad- vanced formscloseto or identical withB. I: var. faimpn- NTS920103 Northing 5667060 Easting 492100 sisZakharov 1981) (prevalent) 1 km NNEof Elbow Mountain. Euchiasp. transitional fromB. I: var. faimyrensisto srnaii Unit: JKRM2 forms of B. cf. blanfordianaof Jelelzky 1965 (very rare) Fauna: Age: The Sameas forthe lot C-143149 (late PorNandians. str. =ate Buchiacf. mssiensis(Pavl0w 1907)s. lato (common) early Tithonian orlate early Volgian). Euchiasp. indet. (smalltoverysmall juvenilespecimens Reference: Jeletzky, Km-6-1988JAJ not identifiable specifically; prevalent) Age: Presumably some part of Buchiarussiensiss. lato Zone (late Portlandian s. str. =late early Tithonian or late early Volgian). This Field87-PU-112 No. GSC LOC.C-154077 No. age is offered as a tentative suggestion only because of a poor NTS 920103 Northing5668400Easting 492!iOO preservation of allspecimens available. 2.4 km north of Elbow Mountain. Reference: Jeielzky, Km-6-1988JAJ Unit: JKRM2 Fauna: Buchia(Anaucel1a) mncen&a(Sowerby) s. lato (apl: ar- Fieid No. 87-PU-99 GSC Loc. No. C-'143146 entlylate B. (aJc. var. ernhgfonl(Gabb)-like forms o~lly: NTS 920103 Northing 5567500 Easting491600 prevalent) 1.5 km north of Elbow Mountain. Buchia (Anaucella) cf. hhds/rveml(Sokolov) (a solitary Unit: JKRM2 valve) Fauna: Age: The sameas forlot C-143138 (early to mid-Kimmeridgian) Euchiacf. russiensis(Pavlow 1907) s. lato (three frag- Reference: Jelelzky,Km-6-1988JAJ mentary specimens) Age: the same as forthe lot C-143145. The zonal assignmentis just Field87-PU-114 No. GSC LOC.C-154078 No. as tentative as for the latter lot. However, two the lots are definitely of a late Late Jurassic (Tithonian or Voigian)age. NTS 920103 Northing5668240 Easting 492L.60 Reference: Jeielzky,Km-6-1988JAJ 2.2 km north of Elbow Mountain. Unit: JKRM2 Fauna: Field No. 87-PU-102 GSC Loc. No. C-143147 Buchia(AnauceI1a) mncenflrica(Sowerby)s. lato (appar- NTS920103 Northino 5668300 Eastino 491800 entiy late B (A,) c. var. errigfoni(Gabb)-like variants 2 km N of Elbow Mountain only; prevalent) Unit: JKRM2 Buchia transitional between B (A,) c. var. ernbgdoni Fauna: (Gabb) and the early forms ofB. mosquensis(v. Bu':h) BuchiapacikaJelelzky 1965 (numerous and typical;no s. lato (rare) other Buchiaspecies noted) Buchiacf. 8. tenuisfnata(Lahusen) (very rare) Age: Approximately the sameas for thelot C-143133 (earlyto mid Cy~ndrofeufhis(Cyhlrofeufhii? sp. indet. (poor frag- Valanginian)butappeantorepresentahigherpart(middletoupper) mentary casts only) of EuchapacjficaZone because of the absenceof B. fo/matshowi Pleuromyasp. indet. (a solitary cast) and an invariably typical appearanceof B. pacifica. Age: Approximately the same as for the lots C-143138 and C- Reference: Jeletzky, Km-6-1988-JAJ 154077 (early to mid-Kimmeridgian). However, the lot C-154C78 maybeslightlyyoungerand representthebedstransitional between F ield No. 87-PU-103No. FieldGSC LOC.C-143148 No. the upper part of Buchja (Anaucefi4 mncenfnoa s. lato i!one and N TS 920103NTS Northing5668360 Easling 491850 Buchia fenusfdafaZone (e.g. the lot C-143143). 2.3 km north of Elbow Mountain. Reference: Jelelzky, Km-6-1988JAJ Unit: JKRM2 Fauna: Field No. 88APS-PUMI-1 GSC LOC. No. C-154092 Buchiaex gr. russiensis(Pav1ow 1907)s. lato (rare and NTS 920102 Northing 5651850 Eastin(] 501750 poorly preserved: no otherBuchiaforms noted) 1 km NNW of Spruce Lake. Age: The same as for the iols C-143145 and C-143146 (late Late Unit: JKRM2 Jurassic) .Fa,,"% ". ." Reference: Jeielzky, Km-6-1988-JAJ Buchiapacif2a Jelelzky Age: Valanginian Fieid No. 87-PU-104 GSC Loc. No. C-143149 Reference: Poulton, Report No. J1-1988-TPP N TS 920103NTS Northing5668400 Easting 492000 2.4 km northof Elbow Mountain. Field No. 88APS-PUMI-2 GSC Loc. No. C-154034 Unit: JKRM2 920102NTS Northing 5651950 Easting 501730 Fauna: 1 km north of Spruce Lake. Buchia russiensis (Paviow 1907) s. lato (mostly ad- Unit: JKRM2 vanced forms closeto or identical withB. I: var. faimyren- Fauna: siszakharov 1981) (prevalent) Buchapacifica Jeletzky

214 Geological Survey Branch Ministry of Employment and Investment

Euchia infafa (Toula) Reference: Poulton. Report No. J1-1988-TPP Age: Middle Valanginian Reference: Poulton, Report No. J1-1988-TPP Field No. 88JIG-41-8 GSCC:-154098NO. LE. NTS 920/03 Northing5670350f:asting 497270 Field No. 88APS-PUM8-1-1 GSC No. c-154095 UpperRelay Creek, 3km southeast of Dash Hill.

NTS 92Jl15Northing 5644950 Easting500450 JKRM2Unit: ~ ~~~~~ ~~ Between Leckieand Gun creeks. Fauna: Unit: JKRM2 Buchia foimafschowi(Sokolov)(?) Fauna: EuchiapacificaJeletzky Buchla concenfrica (Sowerby)(7) ammonite, indet. Age: LateOxfordian through Valanginian, most likely Late Oxior- ~~d~ or Middle valanginian dian.Thesinglefragmentistoopoorlypreservedtowarrantdetailed Reference: Poulton, J8.1990.Tpp dating and identification. Reference: Poulton, Report No. J1-1988-TPP Field No. 88-PPS-15-3 GSC LE. No. C-154096 Field88APS-PUM8-8 No. GSCLOC. No. C-I54093 NTS 920i02 Northing 5657150 Easting 51 3820 NTS 92J/14 Northing 5646380 EaSting 499350 Confluence of Relayand Tyaughton creeks. Unit: JKRM2 Leckie Ridge, south of Gun Creek. Unit: JKRMZ Fauna: Fauna: probable beriasellid ammonite, comparable to XTanella Buchia concenfrica (Sowerby)(7) fragment of terebratulid brachiopod bteoxfordIan valanginian, likely ~~~l~~i~. Age: A tentativeage of BerriasiantoValanginian is suggested meridgian. The specimens are too poorly preserved to warrant de- Reference: Haggad, JWH-1989-03 tailed identification and dating. Relay IMountainGroup: Unit IKRM3

Field No. 86PS-18-7-01 GSC Loc. No. C-I50230 Field No. 86PS-18-7-01 GSC LE. No. C.150243 NTS 920i03 Northina5663880 Eastina489520 ._ NTS 920/03 Northing 5663880 Easting 489520 Cliff 800 m east of north endof Lorna Lake. Cliff 800 m east of north endof Loma Lake. Unit: IKRM3 Unit: IKRM3 Fauna: Inoceramussp. Age: Hauterivian through Aptian(?) belemnites Reference: Poulton, Report No. J8-1987-TPP Age: Middle Jurassic or Cretaceous, probably Hauterivian Reference: Poulton, Report No. JB-1987-TPP Field86PS-18-7-01 No. C-150239LOC.No.GSC NTS 920103NorthingNTS5663880 Easting489520 Field No. 87-PU-67 GSC Loc. No. C.143134 Cliff 800 m eastof north endof Lorna Lake. NTS 920/02 Northing5661890Easting 504900 Unit: IKRM3 NE of Cardtable Mountain Fauna: Unit: IKRM3 heteromorph ammonite. cf. Anisoceras charlotense Fauna: (Anderron 1958) Acrofeuthis (Eoreiofeufhiijcf. impressa (Gabb) (a frag- Age: The specimen is flattened and fragmentary, but still shows ment) ribbing and nodes similar to that seen on Anderson's species. The /naceramus(s. lato) sp. indet. (shell fragments) original A. charlatensecomes from the Queen Charlotte Islands, Age: Hauterivian to Barremian probably from Albian age strata. The specimen from C-I50239loc. Reference: Jeletzky, Krn-6-1988JAJ could also bean anisoceratid ammonite, however; a general Early Cretaceous age is suggestedfor the locality. Reference: Haggart, Report No. JWH-1989-02

Taylor Creek Group: Paradise Formation

No. 86JG-16 GSC LOC. No. C-149604 Field No. 86JG-18 GSC LOC. No. C-117050 No.LOC.86JG-18 GSCC-149604 No. Field FieidNo. LOC.86JG-16 GSC No. NTS 920103 Northing5666287Easting 499689NTS 920/02 Northing5661528Easting500821 ENE of elbow in SE drainage of Red Hill, elev. 2080 m. West branch of Paradise Creek. Unit: IKTCP Unit: IKTCP Fauna: Fauna: desmoceratid ammonite, possibly Erewericerassp. Age: A generalAlbian age istentatively suggested as the specimen Cyhfldrofeufh/s(?) sp. is too poorly preserved for positive identification. Age: Middle Jurassic through Cretaceous,undifferenliable Reference: Haggart. JWH-1989-02 Reference: Poulton. J5-1987-TPP

Paradise Formation -FossilsFrom Clasts in Conglomerate

Field No. 86JG-12 GSC LOC. No. C-I17049 Euchiasp. aff. bianfordiana(Stoliczka) NTS 920/02 Northing 5661551 ti^^ 502671Age: probably lateEarly Volgian Prominentribs on westernCardtable Mountain, elev. 2085 m. Comment: Clast in conglomerateof the Paradise formation. Unit: IKTCP Reference: Poulton. J5-1987-TPP Fauna:

Bulletin 100 215 British Columbia __

Fieid No. 8MG-31 C-149601No. LOC.GSC Comment: Clast in Conglomerate ofthe Paradise formation. NTS 920i02 Northing5660850Easting 502707 Reference: Poulton, J5-1987-TPP South of Cardtable Mountainat first ribon south-flowinggully above prominent triple confluenceat 2080 m elev. 8MG-317ANO.Field GSC C-149612No. Loc. Unit: IKTCP Fauna: NTS 92OiO2 Northing 5662549 Easting 500428 6uchiasp.aff. volgensis(Lahusen) South flanksof Relay Mountain. elev. 2225 m. Buchiasp.aff. unci/oides (Pavlow) Unit: iKTCP Age: probably Middle to Late Berriasian Fauna: Comment: Clastin conglomerate of the Paradise formation. Buchiasp. aff. keysedihgi(Lahusen) (7) Reference: Poulton. J5-1987-TPP Euchiasp. aff. subiaevis(Keyserling)(?) Age: Valanginian probably, possibly younger Lower Cretaceollsif Field No. 86JG-876 GSC Loc. No. C-I49603 the poorly preserved bivalves are actually some buchiiformspa:les NTS 920102 Northing5663163 Easting501881 of /nocsrsmus. SSE of Relay Mountain summit. elev. 2175 m. Comment: Clast in conglomerate of the Paradise formation. Unit: IKTCP Reference: Poulton, J5-1987-TPP Fauna: Bucbi6(?) sp. Age: probably Middle Oxfordianthrough Vaianginian

Taylor Creek Group: Dash Formation

FieldC-14960286JG-53CNo. LOC.No. GSC Lima(s. lato) sp. indet. NTS 920i02 Northing566709Easting504313 Indogrmmatooonsp indet. Eastem knob, NE of Relay summitand peak 8222,eiev. 2230 m. Acia(s. lato) sp. indet. Unit: IKTCD pelecypods (more than one genus), indet.

Fauna:~ ~~~ ~~~~ gastropods (more than one genus), indet. Pferotngonia (Pfemtnrigoniaj sp. sponge ?, indet. Entohnsp. Age: Almost certainly somepart of the Albian stage. However, the Age: Aibian, or younger Cretaceous Cenomanian age of this richbut poorly preselved fauna canna:be Reference: Poulton. J5-1987-TPP ruled out. Its only generically identifiable ammonitesare knowll to range up into the basal Upper Cretaceous(Le. Cenomanian) ,md Field No. 86JG-119BGSC Loc.C-149606 No. the same is true of the only tentatively identifiedInocarmus (w- centricus Parkinson. NTS 920103NTS Northing5666442 Easting 498232 NE of elbow in SE drainageof Red Hill, elev. 2195in. Reference: Jeletzky, Km-6-1988-JAJ Unit: IKTCD Fauna: Field No. 87JG-60 No.Loc. GSC GI43122 TefrEgonifescf. beaffikinense(McLeam 1972) NTS 920102 Northing5646075 Easting 513700 Age: Middle Aibian to Cenomanian South side of North Cinnabar Creek, 600 m NE of7260. peak Comment: The specimenis poorly preserved and fragmentaly,but Unit: IKTCD is definitely of the genus TetragonitesKossmat which ranges from Fauna: Middle Albian through the Cenomanian.It bears a resemblance to trigoniid?. indet. ~bearsk7hensefromtheQueenCharfoltelslands(McLearn.1972). Leda(s. fato) sp. indet. Reference: Haggart, JWH-1989-02 pelecypods (more than one genus), indet. Age: presumably Jurassic or Cretaceous. Field86JG-210CC-149609 No. No. LOC.GSC Reference: Jelelzky, Km-6-1988JAJ NTS 920103 Northing5666781Easting 498951 East side of Red Hill, up fromNE drainage that flowsSSE. Field No. 87JG-74 GSCNo. LE. C-143 124 Unit: IKTCD NTS 920102 Northing5659560 Easting523‘50 Comment: Lot C-I49609 was examined by Poulton and Haggart. 2.5 km SE of Quartz Mountain, 200m SW of peak 7049. Fauna: Unit: IKTCD ammonite. indet., poorly preserved, small fragments, Fauna: could be a species of Gasfmpfifes, such asG. canaden- Cleoniceras (Giyck) cf. perezianum (Whiteaves) (a sis. slender, feebly ribbed variant) Age: possibly late Middle Albian Aoe: Presumablv mid-Albian. However. this date is tentative be- Reference: Poulton, J5-1987-TPP &use poor preservationof the only fragment available. Fauna: of Reference: Jelelzky, Km-6-1988-JAJ ammonite fragment, possibly Douvilleiceras? sp. ammonite fragment, possibly P@choceraS sp. Age: Thematerial is too poorly preserved to suggestan age beyond Field No. 87JG-210C No.Loc.GSC C-143’18 a general Cretaceous one. NTS 920102 Northing5667000 Easting499000 Reference: Haggart. JWH-1989-02 Red Hill, 3.4 km NW of Relay Mountain. Unit: IKTCD Field No. 87JG-58 GSC Loc. No. C443126 Fauna: NTS 92J/15 Northing 5647835 Easting 51 1509 Cleoniceras (Giycia) perezianum (Whiteave..),c ’ an ?x- approx. 800 m NE of peak 7418, Taylor Basin. tremeiy coarsely and sparsely ribbed, somewhat Gas- Unit: iKTCD troplifeslike variant; compare McLeam (1972) Fauna: Age: mid-Albian; some partof the Cleoniceras (Gryci)perezlanum ?Marsbafi/essp. indet. juven. Zone ?Desmoceras (Pseudouhhgeiiajsp. indet. juven. Comment: Same locality as C-149609. Inoceramuscf. concenricus(Parkinson) Reference: Jeletzky, Km-6-1988-JAJ lnoceramusex gr. angIcusWoods

216 Geological Survey Branch Field No. 88JlG-13-26 GSC Loc. No. C-154087 hamitid ammonite, new genus? NTS 92J/15 Northing5645950 Easting514340 bivalve fragments. indet. Ridge between North Cinnabar Creek and Crane Creek. Age: Indeterminate, probably Early Cretaceous Unit: IKTCD Reference: Haggart, JWH-1989-03 Fauna: Pseudhelimras? sp. Field No. 88JiG-41-1 GSC LOC. NO.GI68253 Age: tentatively middle orlate Aibian NTS 920103 Northing 5566720 i!astin!l498550 Reference: Haggart, JWH-1989-03 Red Hill, approx. 3 kmNW of Relay Mountain. Unit: IKTCD Field No. 88JIG-26-5-1 GSC Loc. No. C-168255 Fauna!. ". NTS 920/03 Northing5666400Easting 498410 Cwnatocerassp. (nautiloid) Red Hill. approx. 3km NW of Relay Mountain. Southwest gully10 Age: Upper Jurassicto Oligocene m downsection from GSC LOC. No. C-168256. Reference: Haggart, JWH-1989-03 Unit: IKTCD .Fauna: .. .. Field No. 88JIG41-2 No.Loc.GSC GI68254 Cymatoceras? sp. 920103NTS Northing 5666800 Eastins!498480 Puzosiasp. juv. Red Hill, approx. 3krn NW of Relay Mountain. hamitid ammonite, new genus? Unit: IKTCD Age: Probably Aibian Fauna: Reference: Haggart. JWH-1989-03 PUZOSia? sp. heteromorph ammonites, genus indet. Fieid No. 88JlG-26-5-2 GSC LOC. No. C-168256 hoplitid 7 ammonite, genus indet. NTS 920/03 Northing5666400 Easting 498410 trigoniid bivalve, genus indet. Red Hill, approx. 3kin NW of Relay Mountain. Southwest gully 10 Age: A general Lowerto midCretaceous (Albian to Turor ian) age in stratigraphicaiiy above GSC LOC. No. C-168255. is suggested by the possible occurrence ofPuzosia; othelwise the Unit: IKTCD io1 is undatable beyond Late Jurassicto Cretaceous, Fauna: Reference: Haggart, JWH-1989-03 desmoceralid? ammonite fragment

Taylor Creek Group: Lizard Formation

Field NO. 87JG-2388 GSCLOC.C-143121No. Age:indeterminate. wssibly Cretaceous NTS 920/02 Northing5667780 ti^^ 498800Reference: Haggart,.JWH-i98903 Red Hili,6.2 km SEof Dash Hill. Unit: IKTCL Fieid88-JKG-18-2-1 No. GSC LOC. No. C-154080 Fauna: NTS 920/02 Northing5560130Easting 517280 Inocerarnuscf. anglicusWoods Age: tentative middleto upper Albian On Mud Creek road (at junction with another logging road that Reference: Jelelzky. Km-6-1988-JAJ crosses Mud Creek)5.5 km NNW of confluence of lyaugllton and .Mud. . . - -. creeks .-. " Unit: IKTCL Field No. 88JlG-414 C-158252No. Loc.GSC C3,,n3. NTS 920103NorthingNTS5667500 Easting498450 /nocemfnusex. gr. anglicus~mds1911) Red Hili. appmx. 4 km NW of Relay Mountain. Age: Albian, probablymiddle or late. Unit: IKTCL Reference: Haggart. JWH-1989-03 . ... . Bivalve. possibly /noceramussp. In general outline the valve bears some resemblance to theL angficusgroup.

POWELL CREEK FORMATION- FOSSILS FROMCLAST INCONGLOMERATE

Field No. 86KG-36-2-02 GSC LOC. NO. C-150223 Buchia unci?oides(Paviow) NTS 920/03 Northing 5657520 Easting492080 Age: Upper Berriasian On ridge4 km southwestconfluence ofTyaughton andLizard comment: clastin conglomerate creeks. Reference: Poulton, Report No. J7-1987-TPP Unit: uKPCbs Fauna: METHOW TERRANE Jurassic Rocks

Field No. F2-4TD66 GSC LOC. No. 74830 Field No. 87KG-PS-35-4GSC Loc. No. C-154056 NTS 920101 Northing5650708 Easting542583 920102NorthingNTS6673080 Easting520610 Near mouth of Retaskit Creek,north side of Yaiakom River. Lone Valley Creek. Unit: lmJys Unit: mJcs Fauna: Fauna: Ammonite resembling Hauterivian Sirnbimkitesor Bajocian serpulids(?), spiralform, small Stephanocems Camptonectessp. small Age: Hauterivian or Bajocian. Age: undeterminable Reference: Jeietzky, Report No. Km-13-1967-JAJ Reference: Poulton. Report No. J14-1987-TPP

Bulletin 100 217 Stephanoceras sp. cf. skidegatenris (Whiteavss) Field No. 87KG-PS-35-6 GSC Loc. NO. C-154057Aae: Earl" Baiocian NTS 920/02 Northing5673350 Easting 520660 Riferenk: Poulton,Report No.J14-1987-TPP Lone Valley Creek. Unit: mJcs Fauna: Jackass Mountain Group: UnitIKJMYl

Reference: Jeletzky, Report No. Km-13-1967-JAJ N o. F2-2TD66 GSC LOC. No. 74815 No.Field LOC.F2-2TD66 GSC No. NTS 920/01 Northing5652857 Easting -0909Field NO. 89APS-31-8-3 GSC Loc. No. IC-168'109 South side of Yalakom Mountain. 92Jll6 Northing5634600Easting 564'150 Unit: IKJMyl NTS Fauna: About 4 km ENE of the confluence of Antoine Creekand the Bridge Ancylmras(Acrioceraaj sp. indet. River. f~oceras(Protetragoniteajsp. indet. Unit: IKJMyl Shastlcrioceras? sp. indet. Fauna: indeterminate belemnite Cyhndroteuthissp. Pleuromyacf. vancowerensisWhiteaves Age: Middle Jurassic to EarlyCretaceous, not differentiable Tnaoniasp. indet. pectinid pelecypods Reference: Poulton, JB-1990-TPP Age: Barremian (possibly lower partof the stage?)

Jackass Monntain Group: UnitIKJMYZ

Age: basal Albian, BrewedcerasIeconteiZone Fieid No. 87-JG-302 C-143127No. Loc.GSC Reference: Jeletzky, Km-6-1988-JAJ NTS 920/02 Northing5670700 Easting 522250 Chum Creek. Field89APS-42-10-2 No. GSC Loc.C-168110 No. Unit: IKJMyZ NTS 920/01 Northing5652440 Easting 542765 Fauna: 2 km north of the confluence of Retaskit Creek with the Yalak,xn Brewenceras(=feconteiresj deansi(Whiteaves) River. Brewedceras(=Lecontelteaj /econtei whieavesidones, Unit: IKJMyZ Murphy and Packard Fauna: Anagaudycerascf. sacya (Forbes) Apiotngoni@?) sp. Anagaudyceras? sp. indet. Columbitngoni@?) sp. Aucelhhagryphaeoides(J. deC. Sowerby) bivalves, indet. Indeterminate pelecypods belemnite. indet. Belemnitida Zinel emend. Jeletzky 1956 (a poor frag- Age: Early Cretaceous: HauteNivian to Albian. not differentiabk ment) Reference: Poulton, J8-1990-TPP

218 Geological Survey Branch Ministry ofEmployment and Investment

APPENDIX 4A

Upper Triassic(Late Norian) Biostratigraphyof the Tyaughton Group, Taseko LakesMap Area, British Columbia Geological Suwey of Canada ContributionNo. 25595

ByH.W. Tipper Geological Surveyol' Canada 100 West PenderStreet Vancouver, B.C. \'6B 1R8

INTRODUCTION to Tozer. The biostratigraphy was interpretedby Tcmzer and Orchard. The Vaughton Group is exposed on the ridges around Castle Peak and southward to the hills immediately east of PREVIOUS AND PRESENTWORK Spruce Lake. The groupis entirely sedimentaly with a low metamorphic grade and, as a result. has a rich fauna com- C.E. Cairnes in 1937 and C.H. Crickmay in 1939 prised of macrofossils and microfossils. Preservationis poor mapped and named the Vaughton Group (Caimer, 1943) to excellent. Ammonoids and conodontsare by far the most and many collections were made from this group. From a important fossils in the group for structural, stratigraphic study of the bivalves collected by Caimes and Crickmay, and age interpretations. Bivalves are abundant butare of a F.H. McLeam published a paper on the CassEonella fauna somewhat lesser value for precise correlation, although (1942).In1963E.T.Tozerandthewritermapyedthisgroup some are critical such as Monotis subcircnlaris. in greater detailand many collections were madesyr temati- cally. Tozer published a bulletin (1967) in which he de- This report is a synopsis of a more extensive compila- scribed two measuredsections which togetherform 1be type tion (Umhoefer and Tipper, in press) of results obtained bysection of the group. The ammonoid fauna was listed and F.H. McLeam, E.T. Tozer and M.J. Orchard fromtheirbios- assigned to zones. Later he revised the zonation (Tozer, tratigraphical studies. The writer first mapped the rocks in 1979) and presenteda North Americanscheme in which he 1963 and made extensive collections which were submitted defined the higheststage of theTriassic as Norian; the upper

..:.:.:.:...... :...... 'Onelomenlc 1imWO"C limy Silinonci rundr,o"c ::::.:.:..., .. ., ...... El svniir,nnc .:..:.::: Figure 46. Upper Triassic (Upper Norian) Biostratigraphyof Tyaughton Group.

Bulletin 100 219 Norian is essentially the time rangeof the Tyaughton Group The massive limestone is characterized by numer$,us (Figure 46). The upper Norian substage was definedas com- bivalves; thelarge Neomegalodus canadensisis one species prising three zones. The highest two, the Amoenum and that is readily identified. Conodonts have also beenrecw Crickmayi, were defined from theTaseko Lakes map area: ered and identified by Orchard (Figure 46).The overlying the presence of the lower zone, the Cordilleranus zone, is Monotis limestone is present in the type section but ccm- indicated by the occurrence ofMonotis subcircularis. M.J. monly is missing or not recognized elsewhere. No cmo- Orchard collected samplesfor conodont extraction andsa- donts are associated. ples were submittedto him by Umhoeferand by the writer. As a result conodonts were recovered fromthree lithologic The limestone cobble conglomerate and the lower units which represented each of thethree ammonoid zones green clastics are devoid offossils except near the top of he (Figure 46). Despite further mapping, study, and collecting latter member where a few bivalves indicate the advenl. of Tozer’s biostratigraphic(1979) and lithostratigraphic inter- the bivalve fauna of the overlying Cassionella beds. pretations (1967) of the Tyaughton Group have remained The calcareous sandstone of the Cassionella beds are essentially intact.In a current studyby Umhoefer andTipper replete with a diverse bivalve fauna. Cassionella lingulata (in press) the Tyaughton Group has been reduced toa for- is the characteristic and distinctive form hut the fauna is mation and the lithologic units have been defined as seven abundant and well-preserved.Conodonts were extracted at members (Figure 46). several levels. Ammonoids are not abundant but are w(:ll- preserved and usefulguide fossils. The upper greenclash DISCUSSION OF THE STRATIGRAPHIC have few fossils. The heteromorphic ammonoid Choristo- UNITS AND THEIR FAUNAS ceras crickmayi and the conodont Misikella postharnstt ini The basal red conglomerate is in fault contact witholder are the two forms that clearly indicate the Crickmayi zone, rocks, the Cadwallader Group. However clasts from this the latestTriassic zone. Until recently this was only the rwck group are the main clasts of the conglomerate. No fossils unit in Canada of this age defined by fossils. Thisn,,w fauna precisely date this unit. has been identified in Queen Charlotte Islands.

____ 220 GeologicalSuwey Branch APPENDIX 4B

Lower Jurassic Ammonite Biostratigraphyof the Last Creek Formation, Taseko LakesMap Area, British Columbia Geological Surveyof Canada ContributionNo. 25495

By H.W. Tipper Geological Survey ol’Canada IC4 West Pendzr Street Vancouver, B.C. \’6B 1K8

INTRODUCTION Aalenian to Lower Bajocian strata discussedby Pofton in Appendix 4c of this bulletinare part of the formation. The Last CreekFormation of Early and Middle Jurassic age is exposed at the headwaters of Last Creek, north of The strata of the Last Creek Formationfirst wa:;an un- named unit (Cairnes, 1943), later it was included with the Castle Peak, and onthe ridges and valleys south and south- west of Relay Mountain. Ammonoidsare the most impor- Tyaughton Group, (Tipper, 1978; Glover and Schiarizza, tant fossils for the interpretation of age, structure, and 1987; Glover et ul., 1988a). O’Brien (1985) informally re- stratigraphy of the formation. Bivalves, gastropods, ferred to Sinemurian and Hettangian beds above the colwids, and nautiloids do occur sparingly or, in places, Tyaughton Groupas the Last Creek Formation (1985). Um- abundantly butnone, at present, are particularly valuable as hoefer and Tipper (in press) formalized the name ;and de- guide fossils. So far no microfossils have been helpful in thescribed the Last Creek Formation as “a transgressive biostratigraphical interpretation of these Jurassic strata and sequence comprising Hettangian to Sinemurian sl~allow- radiolarians or foraminifers have not been extracted from marine coarse clastic rocks that grade up into Uppf r Sine- any collection. murian to Bajocian deeper-marine shales”. DISCUSSION OF THE AMMONITE PREVIOUS AND PRESENTWORK BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE LAST Frebold (1967) published his study of the faunasthe of CREEK FORMATION Canadensis zone which is now believed to straddle the Si- the Last Creek Formation is nemurian-Hettangian boundary (Figure 47). Thisis the only The ammonite fauna of published biostratigraphic studyof the Lower Jurassic fau- diverse, relatively abundant, and well-preserved. In Figure nas of Taseko Lakes map area. Frebold (1951) descriheda 47 the more important genera andspecies are listed nccord- few Sinemurian forms and C.H. Crickmay identifieda few ing to the stage and zone in which they appear. Thi; is not a complete listing as the studies of the faunas are notcom- Lower Jurassic forms during the course of mapping (Crick- may in Caimes, 1943). Since beginning work in the area in plete and there are several unidentified genera and :;pies 1963, the writer has collected an abundant fauna from the that may be new or endemic to the east Pacific faunal realm. Last Creek Formation and some of these have been identi- The Hettangian stage is represented by forms charac- fied in internal reports by Frebold, G.K. Jakobs, and the teristicofLateHettangiantime.Theirpositionisdetemined writer. Other collectors, particularly P.J. Umhoefer, J.A. largely by a comparison withforms from Nevada ar.d Ore- O’Brien (1985) and T.P. Poulton, have provided important gon studied byJ. Guex (1980) and David Taylor. The. oldest material. The current studies of the Lower Jurassic faunas fauna is referred to the informal“Oregonensis” assemblage from this maparea are based on all the material available inand the most significant forms are Sunrisites sun7isensis the collections ofthe Geological Survey of Canada and this Guex, Pseudaetomocerus sp., and a new species of report is a synopsis ofa much more completerep? on the Badouxiu which together indicate a Late Hettangim age. stratigraphy, sedimentation, and biostratigraphy of the LastThese appear to be older than the Canadensis zone :>utthe Creek Formation (Umhoefer and Tipper, in press). Sunrisites and Badouxiu n. sp. may continue into the earliest beds of this zone. The Canadensis zone wasthe first established EsrlyJu- GEOLOGICAL SETTING rassic zone in North America. It was studied and described The Last Creek Formation has been included in the by Frebold (1967) who believedit to be of Hettangim age. Cadwallader Terrane. It is a unit resting with an erosional The material collected wasall from the LastCTeek Forma- or non-depositional hiatus upon latest Triassic sandstone of tion. The age of thezone became controversial wher. Guex the Tyaughton Group;a slight angular tectonic relationpos- and Taylor (1976) argued thata comparison with Eurapean sibly exists. The formation has been folded and faultedinto biostratigraphy would indicate that the zone was Sine- slices so that a restored section from manyshort sections is murian. Thiswas disputed by GertBloos (1983) whoxgued the only means of obtaining a meaningful interpretation.A for an Hettangian age. Although the question ofage is not total thickness of 250 to 400 metres is considered possible. fully resolved, the current interpretation is that thc zone It ranges inage from Late Hettangianto Early Bajocian; the straddles the Hettangian-Sinemurian boundary (I’aylor,

Bulletin 100 221 British Columbiu _-

,oo ;00 Dubariceras freboldi, Meraderocerus sp., Oisrocerus sp., ,,"o ooo 0,' Fuciniceras sp.. Fa,mi,roceras sp., Phricodoceras sp., o~ooo~o'' Aveyroniceras sp., phylloceratids o',o~o*o~00 DO Aconthopleuroceros sp., Meraderocerus sp., Tropidoceras sp., Gernmellarocerar? sp.

not recognized. probably absent -. Paitechiocems spp., phylloceratids -. Asfcroceras sp., Epophiocerur sp., Arniocerus sp., oxynaticeratids -. ... :.:.::::::;:::: Anzioceras amouldi,A. miserabile, arietitids, Caeftisites :::::::::::.:.:._::.:.:...... rumeri, C. brooki, Hypasteroceras(?) sp., Aegastervceras iiii:fiiff;jfi;;ii._,.:,_...... :., SP- ...... :.:.::::::. Coroniccrus sp., Arietites bisulcatun~,Tmaegoceras sp., ...... _:::::::::::.:_:..:...... Amiuceros SD.. Verntieerns SI). .:.:..:.:..:.:.I:.

Dominant Lithologies Present

conglomerate hiatus siltstone, shale 0 ooy 0

* Informal assemblage names are shown in quotes (e.& "Amouldi")

Figure 41. Lower Jurassic ammonoid zonesand assemblagesof the Last Creek Formation. __ 222 Geoflogicul Survey Brar;ch Ministry of Employment undZnwstntent

1986:PAlfy, 1991): this interpretation is tentatively accepted nouldi and A. miserabile. The upper part of the assemblage by the writer but further studies are in progress. is marked by the incomingand dominanceof asteroceratids The Canadensis zoneis presently defined as the range such as Caenisites. This latter fauna is uncommon in North of the species Badouxia canadensis (Frebold). The lower America. part of the zone, the Hettangian part,is characterized by the Late Sinemurian assemblages(Figure 47) are gf nerally common and abundantOccurrence of this species as well as not diverse and occurrencesare few. The “Varians” assem- Angulaticeras marmoreus, Eolytoceras tasekoi, Metophio- blage is represented by rareAsteroceras, Epophioceras sp., ceras rursicosratum and Badouxia occidentalis. The upper and oxynoticeratids.The “Harbledownensis” assem’Aageis part of the zone, the earliest Sinemurian part,is marked by dominated by echioceratids of which Pa1techioce:as and the incoming of Badowia columbiae and, together with Plesechioceras(?) species are dominant and iocallf abun- Badouxia canadensis, define the upper range of the zone. dant. Several of the genera andspecies of the lower (Hettangian) The youngest assemblageof the Sinemurian, “Tetraspi- part continue into the upper part.A few forms, such asCa- doceras”, and the first zone of the Pliensbachian stlge, the navarites? sp. and Vermiceras sp. occur infrequently in the Imlayi zone, are not recognized in the faunas of &is area. Sinemnrian upper part. Ammonoids of the later Early Pliensbachian zones, The “Coroniceras” assemblage is made up of several Wbiteavesi and Freboldi,are present in coarserclastic beds species of arietitids and Coroniceras spp. which are gener- which mayindicate a short period of non-deposition or ero- ally well-preserved and of moderateto large size, up to 50 sion at about the boundary between Sinemurian and cm.Tmaegocerassp.,Arniocerassp.,andpossiblenewgen- Pliensbachian time. era are uncommon but characteristicof this assemblage.The Upper Pliensbachian and Toarcian strata are entirely beds in which theyare found are greywackes and together black shale or fine siltstone and fossils are sparse and poorly with the earlier conglomerates and grits of the Last Creek preserved. As indicated inFigure 47, several zones are pre- Formation form most of thecoarse clastic beds of the for- sent butthere is no reasonto believe the lack of evic.ence of mation. This assemblage name and the younger Sinemurianthe presence ofsome zones suggests that hiatuses exist. The assemblage names were suggested by Pilfy (1991) from uniformly fine clastic nature theseof strata and the o1,erlying Queen Charlotte Islands. Aalenian and Lower Bajocian beds, whichare alsc part of The “Amouldi” assemblageis characterized by several the Last Creek Formation(see Poulton, Appendix4: of this species of Amioceras, the two most common beingA. ar- volume) characterize the upperpart of the formation.

___ Bulletin 100 223 Ministry ofEmploymenf and Investment

APPENDIX 4C

Middle Jurassic toLower Cretaceous Macrofossil Biostratigraphy, Taseko LakesMap Area, British Columbia Geological Surveyof Canada ContributionNo. 24892

By T.P. 'Poulton Geoloeical Survevof Canada

INTRODUCTION suggest that much of the Aalenian stage is present in the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous strataare preserved in Tyaughton Creeksequence, although the lowermost and up- permost partsare not proven. those parts ofthe Taseko Lakes map area that are assigned to Bridge River,Cadwallader andMethow terranes,and the TYAUGHTON CREEK AREA Tyaughton basin. Ammonites are the leading guide fossils in mostofthese successions; they havebeeninvaluable tools Aalenian strata are exposed between Tyaughlon and in the interpretation of the stratigraphy, strncture and tec- Relay creeks, documented by fossils collected in four pri- tono-stratigraphic history of the area. In Tyaughton basin, mary areas (see also Frebold et al., 1969 and Poulton and bivalves of the genusBuchia areexceptionally abundant and Tipper, 1991). These include Tmetoceras sp. cf.T. rcissum valuable for biostratigraphic age determinations and corre- (Benecke), together withostreiid bivalves, from Tyaughton lations. The fossils found in the area have provided much Creek,of above the month of Bonanza Creek.The amrnonites the basis for a regional zonation of the Upper Jurassic Erycitoides sp. aff. E. howelli (White), Tmetoceras sp. cf. through Early Cretaceous(e& Jeletzky, 1965) and give im- T. scissum, T. kirki Westermann, Pseudolioceras, Planam- portant data regarding the faunal associations and their pa- matoceras(?), together with thebivalve Inoceramus and os- leobiogeographic affinities throughout the entire Jurassic. treiids have been found a at locality about 6 ki1omet:es east Other fossils are important for correlations in special cases, of Castle Peak, on the ridge extending eastward from that including particularly radiolaria in the oceanic Bridge Riverpeak. The col just south of the peak of Cardtable Mountain Complex (Cordey, 1986; Cordey and Schiarizza, 1993). has produced the ammonite Erycitoides kialagtikensis (White). The precise relations with nearby Dwmortieria of PREVIOUS WORK probable Late Toarcian ageare uncertain. Tmetocemsscis- sum (Benecke), T. kirki Westermann, 2'. sp. cf. 1: &xi- Frebold et al. (1969) described and illustrated various costaturn Westermann, Erycitoides howelli (Whi.te), I?, Aalenian and Early Bajocian ammonites, and Poulton and kialagvikensis(White),E. levis Westermann, Erycitc,ides(?) Tipper (1991) reviewed the Aalenian ammonites and illus- s p . i n d e t . , Pseudolioceras, Planamnurtocc:ras(?), trated additional specimens. Frebold and Tipper(1967) de- Zurcheria(?), Lissoceras(?), Phylloceras, and Holcophyllo- scribed and illustrated a number of Middle Callovian ceras, together with ostreiid and other bivalves (including ammonites. Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceousfossils have Pieuromya andInoceramus), gastropods and rhynchonellid been the subject of intensive study by J.A. Jeletzky who has brachiopods occur on the ridges southwest of Relay Moun- illustrated, described and zoned manyspecies of the domi- tain, near the headof the southwest branchof Relay Creek. nant guide bivalve Buchia andof the uncommon associated Two assemblages are present there, a LowerMen an one ammonites (Jeletzky, 1965, 1984).Identifications of Juras- dominated by T. scissum and an Upper Aalenian one char- sic fossils were included in geological reports by Cairnes acterized by E. howelli. (1943),JeletzkyandTipper(1968)andcompiledbyFrebold and Tipper(1970). TASEKO RIVER AREA Lower to Middle Jurassic strata correlated witht he Last CADWALLADER TERRANE CreekFonnation that outcrop to thenorthwest ofthe'raseko The Aalenian and Early Bajocian shales and siltstones, - Bridge River maparea occur as an east-trending belt bc- with minor sandstones, appear to occur in continuous se- tweenChilkoLakeandtheTasekoRiver(Tipper.1978;Rid- quence above the Lower Jurassic. Theyare included in the dell et al., 1993a,b). A collection of fossils from the west Last Creek Formation. side of the Taseko River, north of Taseko Lake,coritains a large ammonite fragment that may represent the Upper AALENIAN Aalenian genus Erycitoides, together with !:he bivalves Fossiliferous marine Aalenian strata occur ina unit of Lim,Myophorella andMcleamia(?)among olhers.'Father variably calcareous shale, siltstone and sandstone in the west, poorly preserved ammonites that may be A:Jenian Tyaughton Creek and Taseko River areas (Frebold et al., Tmetoceras occur with bivalves north of Mount Tatlow, 1969; Poulton and Tipper, 1991). The ammonites present above Nemaia Lake.

Bulletin 100 224 EARLY BAJOCIAN Some 23metres above them, are the lowest Occurrences of The Bajocian is not richly fossiliferousin Taseko Lakes the Aalenianguide ammonite Tmetocerus, so that the Pky- area. The stratigraphic relationships of the few assemblages delliu(?) may in fact represent the Late Toarcian. 'Younger that occur are unclear; the positions shown in Figure48 are Aalenian ammonites from Yalakom Riverinclude T. kirki unproven, based primarily on stratigraphic relations estab- Westermann, T.flexicostutum Westermann, Erycitoides jp. lished elsewhere. The youngest Jurassic fossils in the Cad- aff. E. howelli(White), Pseudolioceras sp. cf.P. whiteuvwi wallader Terrane are Early Bajocian, occurring in (White) andPiunummutocerus. Other fossils are uncommon apparently continuous sequence above the Aalenian, in a in these beds. Theyinclude ostreiid bivalves as well asIt!o- thin and sporadically recognized, but perhaps widespread cerumus, Oxytomu(?),Asturte. Propeamussium(?)9belem- concretionary shale unit. nites, and rhynchonellid brachiopods. A compl.ete, Imt somewhat sheared sequence through the Aalenian stage Frehold et ul. (1969) describe Early Bajocian ammon- may be present here,although there no paleontologic ites from the area southwest of Relay Mountain, near the is evi- dence for the latest Aalenian. Further stratigraphic detsils head of RelayCreek Stephunocerus (Skirroceras)sp. cf.S. are given by Frebold et al. (1969) and Ponlton and Tipper kirschneri Imlay, Witchelliu(?), and Holcophylloceras sp. (1991). cf. H. costisparsum Imlay. Other species of Stephunocerus (sensu 1ato)andotherammonites,probably speciesofChon- Poorly preserved specimens of probable Tmetocem drocerus and of Sonniniu, Pseudoliocerusor Eudmetoceras have been found thein sparsely fossiliferous sequencenorth also occur near the headof Relay Creek. Aptychiare asso- of Konni Lake in westernTaseko Lakes area (F'oulton and ciated as are fish scales(?) and the bivalve Inocerumus. Tipper, 1991). Associatedfossils are the bivalvesC'qtonla, These fossils are found in limestone concretions ina domi- Inocerumus, and belemnites.These strata are interpreted as nantly shale unit. A coarse-grained volcaniclastic bed in the the northern extension of the section exposed aYong the same vicinity yields Chondroceras, together with small Yalakom River, offsetalong the Yalakom fault (Riddellet fragments ofstephanoceratid(?) ammonites, gastropods and al., 1993a). the bivalve Myophorella yellowstonensis Imlay. EARLY BAJOCIAN Shale with limestone concretions exposed in the vicin- The Early Bajocian ammonite Skirrocerus has been ity of the headof Relay Creek containother ammonites of probable Early Bajocian age. Their relationshipto the am- found in a road outcrop near the mouth of Blue Creek (xe monite-bearing strata described above remains uncertain. Photo 46 of this bulletin), in rocksthat are stratigraphically The dominant ammonitesare stephanoceratids, of which the above the Aalenian section described along the Yalakom most common is probably a species of Kumatostephanus, River. Frebold et ul. (1969) identified Stephunoceras and and a less common form resembles S. (Skirrocerus), or a Stemmutocerus from the ridge top north of Nemaia Lake, in similar stephanoceratid. Associated ammonites include the northern counterpart ofthe Yalakom River bel.t, ofhet abundant specimens of probable Asthenoceras, and less along the Yalakom fault (Riddell et ul., 1993a). common specimens that may represent Phylloceras, Lisso- Stephunoceras sp. cf. S. skidegutensis (Whiteaves) (e cerus, Dorsetensiu, Fontannesia,and other sonniniids. Am- curs in fine-grained sandstones exposed along the lov.er monite aptychi are relatively abundantly preserved. Other reaches of Lone Valley Creek.These Lower Bajocianrocks fossils are rare, including bivalves such as Inocerumus, os- occupy the core of an east-plunging anticline, and are stm- treiids and pectinaceans, fish scales(?) and belemnites,some tigraphically(?) overlain by Lower Cretaceous rocks ofthe of which were identified by J.A. Jeletzkyas Acrocoelites. Chum Creek facies of theJackass Mountain Group. Tyaughton Creek,between the mouths of Spruce Lake Creek and BonanzaCreek, hasyielded Chondroceras mar- TYAUGHTON BASIN shulli (McLearn), described by Frebold et ai. (1969). They The Relay Mountain Group contains Callovian am also identified Oedania(?) sp. from Spruce Lake Creek monites at several localities in Taseko Lakesmap area. Th:y south of Tyaughton Creek. This last single fragment may are the oldestfossils in the Tyaughton basin.The Callovim represent Pseudoliocerus. ammonites, of Early and Middle Callovianage, occur ir. a thick, monotonous shale and siltstone complex of 'deep METHOW TERRANE water' character, which maybe the basal, fine grained early component of a sequence which becomes ShallOTNer ad AALENIAN coarser in the Upper Jurassic. A section through marine Aalenian strata is exposed The possible presence of Upper Callovianstrata cann ot along Yalakom River, northward from the mouth of Blue be proved or disproved by the small and poorly preserved Creek,directlynortheastoftheYalakomfault(Leech,1953; ammonite fragments at some localities south OF Rehy Poulton and Tipper, 1991). The strata are primarily thin- Mountain. If any Upper Callovian strata a& present, tht:y platy siltstones rich in ammonites. The fauna is dominated are certainly very thin, anda hiatus may separate the Lower by ammonites, on manyof which small ostreiid bivalvesare Oxfordian fromthe Middle Callovian. attached. They seem to form a continuous sequence above The contact interval with the Oxfordian is not wdl similar Toarcian strata. known. The Lower Oxfordian through Valanginian se- The lowest ammonites that are possibly Aalenian are quence is a thick and richly fossiliferous, shelf sandsto:le Pleydelliu(?) sp. cf. P. urgentina Maubeuge and Lan~hert. and shale sequence with minor conglomeratic and coqui-

225 Geological Survey Brunch Ministry of Employment and Inrestment

noid limestoneunits. Richlyfossiliferous Hauterivian sand- EARLYAND MIDDLE OXFORDIAN stones and shales occur in sequence above the Valanginian The general vicinity of the head of Big Creek offers in much of the area, hut a local sub-Hauterivian tectonic well exposed sections of a thin succession with a sequence event is suggested hy the unconformity in the vicinity of of Cardioceras faunas, and there are Cardioc,eras-lmring Lorna Lake, where Hauterivian strata overlie Middle Cal- localities north of Qaughton Creek, east of Grizzly Creek. lovian shales. These ammonitesarestill unstudied, hut speciesresenhling C. martini Reeside and C. EARLY AND MIDDLE CALLOVIAN cordifonne (Meek and Hayden) suggest that a complete, condensed sequence is present A specimen ofthe genus Cadoceras,probably of Early starting about the base of the Oxfordian.Some of th~:sand- Callovian age, has beenfound on Tyaughton Creek, above stones in this thin, mainly siltstone,sequence are richly fos- the junction with Spruce Lake Creek. siliferous, and contain a smallquantity of other ammonites Lilloettia lilloetensis Crickmay, was described from occasionally, including perisphinctids, oppeliids(?), Lyto- three localities west of Relay Mountain andsouth or south- ceras and phylloceratids. Among the rich bivalve .!annas, east of Elbow Mountain, and assigned a Middle Callovian Astarte dominates. Myophorella is conspicuous in some age by Frebold and Tipper (1967). The long-ranging am- lower beds. Probable Amoeboceras occurs in the upper monite Adabofoloceras (formerly assigned to Part- Cardioceras-bearingbeds, where there is also an mly spe- schiceras) is associated, as are the bivalves Pleuromya and cies of Buchia, closelysimilar to B. (Anaucella) conc.?ntrica Goniomya. Xenocephalites, the supposed micrtxonch di- (Sowerby). The overlap of Cardioceras with generally morph of Lilloettia, occurs with L. sp. cf. L lilloetensis younger Buchia is unusual in North America, indicating southeast of Elhow Mountain. what is probably the late Middle Oxfordian or the earliest Late Oxfordian. Other ammonites, also assigned to the Middle Cal- lovian, were described (Frebold and Tipper, 1967) from The onlypublished descriptionof Early or MidtUe Ox- south of Relay Mountain: Cadoceras (Stenocadoceras) fordianfossilsfromtheareaisbyReeside(1919),in:~major striatum Imlay, C. (S.) sp. cf. S. striatum, C. (S.) sp. cf. S. early monograph of American Cardioceras. He described iniskinense Imlay, and their supposed microconch dimorphsC. lilloetense Reeside and listed what he identified as C. Pseudocadoceras petelini (Pompeckj) and P. sp. cf. P. canadense Whiteaves and C. whiteavesi Reeside, frm the grewingki (Pompeckj). No association of these cadoceratid Cardioceras-bearingbeds at the head of Big Creek. C. lil- ammonites with the enrycephalitinids suchas Lilloettia has loetense may indicate a later part of the Early Oxlordian been documented with certainty, so that the ranges of the (CalIomon, 1984).The presence theof last two speci2s can- species of the latter group are not calibrated precisely with not now be confirmed, hut if correctly identifiedsu,:gest a the boreal timescale established for the former.The bivalve Middle Oxfordian age.The ammonites were identified from Myophorella sp. cf.M. pachrdi (Crickmay) is associated. a single collection, in which a belemnite and a species of Aucella related to A. bronni [now included in Buch,a con- Poorly preserved small ammonites thatmay represent centrica (Sowerby)] also occur. The lithology of the matrix a cadoceratid suchas Stenocadoceras,occur in some abun- surrounding the Buchia specimenled Reeside to sugg:st that dance in the beds outcropping on the ridges east of Lorna it comes from adifferent horizon from the anunonib:s. Lake. Associated bivalves include Myophorella, Astarte, and Pholadomya,and belemnitesare not uncommon. To the LATE OXFORDIAN TO EARLY southeast, in the ridge overlooking Lizard Creek to the KIMMERIDGIAN southeast, ammonites that may represent the cadoceratids Stenocadoceras and Pseudocadoceras, as well as Adabo- A sequencecomprising siltstones with lesserquantities foloceras havebeen found. of shale and immaturesandstone is characterized by the bi- valve Buchiaconcentrica (Sowerby), nominate species for The relative ages and stratigraphic positionsof Lilloet- the important and widespread B. concentrica Zone which tia and the cadoceratid faunas have long been a problem comprises this interval. Other fossils are nncommcn, and (e.g. Crickmay, 1930) andare still not very well known.The include belemnites, a small variety of longranging hi- range of Lilloettia has been interpreted as Early Callovian valves, and rare and poorly preserved ammonites that in- by Callomon (1984). based on data from Alaska described clude, but are not restricted to, the cardioceratid genus by Imlay (1953). Preliminary data from northern Bowser Amoeboceras. One specimen of B. concentrica (var. er- basin in Spatsizi map area support this interpretation, and ringtoni) was illustrated by Jeletzky (1965); the charac- suggest that one species may occur in theLate Bathonian as teristics of the strata were described by Jeletzky and ripper well poulton et ai., 1991). The age of Stenocadoceras re- (1968). mains unclear also; it is currently assigned to the Middle Callovian on inconclusive grounds. The appearance of Lil- loettia, an East Pacific genus of theEurycephalitinae, within the Early Callovian rangeof the Boreal cadoceratidCado- YOUNGER LATE JURASSICTO cerm, but theirapparentfailnre to occur togetheranywhere, VALANGINIAN suggests strong differentiation of the two faunal provinces Because of the particularly extreme degree of faunal in Callovian timeand alternation, hut not mixing,of water- provincialism in the latest Jurassic andearliest Cretaceous, masses from the Pacific and Arctic in western British Co- distinct zonations have been erected for different parts of lumbia. the world and correlation between them remains difficult.

Bulletin 100 226 British Columbia British .~

Bivalves of the genus Buchia are the dominant faunalele- collections in whichthe hinge line and curvature of the beak ment in northern and western Canada, almostto the cxclu- can be seen. Individual morphologicalspecies have ran):es sion ofother fossils, in contrast to northern Europe and Asia beyond their nominal zones in some cases, and occurS~O- where abundant associated ammonites of boreal character radically withinlarger assemblages in most cases,the zo11a1 have provided independent zonations.The buchias are char- boundaries being somewhat arbitrarily located wimingra- acteristic of the northern parts of the northem hemisphere dational or repeated sequences.Because of the widespread (Boreal Realm), andare useful tools for correlation within distribution and distinctive chatacter of B. okensis, it iil a this area. widely used, near-basal Cretaceousmarker species Chrough- The TasekoLakes area has providedmajor a part of the out the boreal realm. basis for the succession of Buchia zones erected by J.A. Occasional beds in the thicksequence in TasekoLakes Jeletzky for the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of the and other areas contain asmall variety ofother fossils, some western Cordillera. The zones and their contained fossils, of them Tethyan in character. Meleagrinella is one of Ihe described in other reports (Jeletzky, 1964, 1965, 1984; bivalves, Turbotrigonia(?) another. Jeletzky and Tipper, 1968), are summarized in Figure 48. Some of the Buchia species, such as B. terebratuloides(La- Of particular importance, some of the ammonitesthat husen), B. okensis (Pavlow) andB. pacifica Jeletzky, exhibit occuruncommonlywithin theintervaldominated by Buclria a distinctive and readilyidentifiable externalform. The ma- are critical for international correlation and deserve special jority are more difficult, however, because oftheir generally mention. However, there are still controversies about th-ir similar external form andthe intergradationas well as repe- taxonomy and stratigraphic significance,so that worldwide tition of form among them. Jeletzky (1965) has indicated correlations are still under discussion (e.g. Jeletzky, 191:4; the importance of havingavailable large and well preserved Zeiss, 1984). r

Bathonlan

Bajoclan

Aalenlan

Figure 48. Middle Jurassicto Hauterivian macrofossil assemblages, Taseko Lakesmap area

227 Geological Survey Bran8:k Ministry of Employment rmd InJesment

Bulletin 100 228 Ministry ofEmpioymenfand Invesiment

APPENDIX 5

Plant Fossil Identifications

By J.F. Ilaslnger Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskachewan, Saskatoon, Saskachewan.

TaylorCreekGroup-LlzardformatlonlBeeceCreeksuccession degree of confidence. However, they are mnsistent wi:h an Al- biantcenomanian age, which has been suggestedSedimentary for Field86JG-178 No. GSC No. LE. C-149608 beds of the Kingsvale Group. Bell (1956)figures similar bssii ma- NTS 920t03 Northing5667460 Easting 497340 terial in his reporton the Lower Cretaceous FlorasWes!em of Can- North of most prominent drainage in centre of RedHill massif. ada, whichincludesspecimensfrom the KingsvaleGroup. Uotethat North of eastern fork, near headwaters. elev. 7730 feet. Collection Bell indicatedan Albian age for the plant-bearing beds,bul that it is comes from area of gradational contact between Lizard formation my opinion that theflora cannot be used to exclude a Cenomanian and overlying Beece Creek succession. age. Unit: IKTCLnuKTCB Reference: written report byJ.F. Basinger, Feb. 24, 1988. Flora: Spbenopferissp. Powell Creek formation Ctadophlebis (Gleichenifes) cf.C. ushenBell Ctadophtebis sp. Fieid No. 86PS-13-6-1 GSC LoC. NO. C:-150219 Menispermifes cf. M pofomacensis Berry NTS 920t03 Northing5663760 1Iasting 471340 cf. Myricaephynum misc. unidentifiable angiospermleaf fragments Lower Powell Creek comments: The remains generally conformto those expected from Unit: uKPCm2 mid-Cretaceous deposits. Identificationlo the species level is not Flora: possible due to the limited amountof material available andto the Etafmtadus sp. generally poor quality of preservation. Bell figures similar fossil ma-Comment: Oniy fragments of the leafy shoots of lhis conifer are terial in his reportson the Kingsvale Group (Bell, 1956) and his florapresent. Thisis a form taxon thatis preferred for theassigiment of of the Nanaimo Group (Bell. 1957). thistypeoftaxodiaceousvegetativematerial.Itisabundantthrough- There are a few very Small leaves that I had difficulty with. out the Cretaceous andis difficult to usein biostratigraphy. Poorly preserved material hasbeen figured in a number of Albian Reference: written report byJ.F. Basinger, Jan. 22, 1988. through Campanian reports, but until i am able to properly identify it, let's just leaveit at cf. Myricaepbyttum. Field No. 86KG-18-2 GSC LW.NO. C-150216 The fossil flora is typical of the Albian~ Cenomanian mid iati- NTS 920t03 Northing 5663160 Easling 469320 tude floras. On the basis of the material available, and indeed on North bank of the Taseko River, 1.5 km west Powell of Creek. the basis of Bell's more extensive coliections.it is probably notpos- Unit: uKPCm2 sibie to be more preciseon the age. Bell assigns the Kingsvaleflora Flora: to the Albian, but it is my opinionthat the flora couldbe younger. Ctadophtebis atberta (Dawson)Bell The similarity with the Nanaimo flora should notbe taken as Comment: See general comments. Numerous taxa of fens of the an indicationof a post-Cenomanian age,ior hetaxa in common are Ctadophtebis type occur in Jurassic through to Late Cn?taceous long-ranging. rocks. Although generally notan easy groupto deal with, lhis speci- Reference: wrinen report by J.F. Basinger, Jan. 22, 1988. menconformstothatfiguredbyBell(1956)asCtadopbteb~;albe~. Silverquickformation Field No. 86KG-22-3 GSC Loc. No. C-I50217 Field No. JG87-196 GSC Loc.C-143128 No. NTS 920t03 Northing5662860 tiastin(l477410 NT S 92Jt15NTSNorthing 5647770 Easting 514480 Southeast side of Banlement Creek. Ridge between Taylor andNorlh Cinnabar creeks. Unit: uKPCm2 Unit: IuKSQ Flora: Arahaephyttum sp. Spbenopfenssp. unidentifiable stem impressions Menispermifessp. Comment: Only half of a leaf is present, but enough to rwognize cf. Arahaepbyttum this leaf form. This represents a morphological type thatappears misc. unidentifiable angiosperm leaf fragments firstinmidtolateAlbian,andbecomesimportantintheCenc~manian. Comment: The sample preserves several leaf fragments within a siltstone matrix. Details of higher order venation are not apparent. 3eneral comments on lots C150216and C-150217: It has not been possible to identiw the specimens to the speciiic Amh~ephyliumsp.and C/adoph/ebka/LwrtaoccurinInid-Cre- level. but generic assignment has been possibletwo for of the taxa, iceous strata of the middlelatitudes and have been repotted from Spbenopferis andMenispemifes. A questionable generic assign- he Kingsvale Group by Bell (1 956). Since the few specimens avail- men1 of oneleaf fragment to cf. Aratiaephynumis based upon the %hie are not well preserved,it is not possible to assignan age with apparently lobed naiureof the leaf: however, since venationis not my great degreeof confindence. However, they are consistent with well preserved. it is not possible to be sure that the leaf margin is In AibiarJCenomanian age, which has been suggested for sedi- truly lobedor has been damaged. nentaly beds of the Kingsvale Group. Note that Bell indicated an The taxa present are typical of the flora of mid-Cretaceous 4lbian age for the plant-bearing beds, but thatit is rny opiiilon that strata of the middle latitudes. Since few the specimens available are he flora cannotbe used to exclude a Cenomanian age. not well preserved.it is not possible to assignan age with any great 3eference: written report byJ.F. Basinger, Jan. 22, 1988.

Bulletin 100 229 __ 230 Geologicd Survey Brarlch Minisfry of Empfoyment md Invesiment

APPENDIX 6

Prdlynomorph Identifications

By A R. Swmt Palwntoloev St,bdivision Institute of Sedimentary and Pe&um Geology, Geological Snwey of Canada, Cdgxy. Albetta.

Silverquick Formation Field No. 88JIG-21-7C:-171090No. Loc.GSC Report on four samples from a partial section beginning2.5 km NTS 920/02 Northing5650030 llastingl 513640 south-southeast of Eldorado Mountain (88JIG-21-1) and extending2.95 km south-southeast of Eldorado Mountain. (upsection) 0.7 kmto the east (88JIG-21-8). Unit: IuKSQ Selected flora: F ieid No. 88JIG-21-1C-171084No. FieidLoc.GSC Classopolfissp. (scarce; c-109.4x9.7. 112.9~'8.3) N TS 920102NorthingNTS5650000 Easting 513070 CyEthid;tessp. (abundant; c-109.4x14.0) 2.5 km south-southeast of Eidorado Mountain. Laevgatosporitessp.(b-123.3x13.3; c-11~5.8~4.2, Unit: IuKSQ 120.1x13.7, 132.4x10.2) Selected flora: Comments: Recoveryand preservationpoor;fusiniteabundant;de- Aoanthotdletessp. (a-116.3x7.2,116.0x12.4. gree of carbonization high 118.8~4.2;b-113:3~11.6) Birssporitessp. (a-120.2x18.4) 88JIG-21-8No. Fieid GSC No.LOC. C-171091 Classopoo/lissp.(b-129.5x13.6) NTS 920102 Northing 5650100 tIastin!l513750 Cvath~~~esssso.(abundant: a-113.0~10.9) 3.05 km south-southeast of Eidorado Mountain. &cadopiteskp.'(rare;b-107.4~21.0) ' Unit: IuKSQ Distaltdangu~~poritessp.(rare; a-130.2x11.7; Selected flora:

117.3~19.3)~ Cicatnmimdtesssso. (?b-115.2x17.6) Eucommiktes minorGroot and Penny, 1960 (a- Concentncjstessp.'(rare;a-114.6x7.3) 116.0x7.7) fungi (b-119.8x5.6) Gleicheniiditessp. (common;a-113.2x11.2; b- Vitreispodtespaliidus(Reissinger) Nilsson, 1958) (rare;

110.6x18.0I ~~b-l14.2x11.2\ ~~ Laevgatospor2essp. (common;a-113.0x10.9, Comments: Recoveryazd preservationpoor;fusiniti?abunjant;de-

175~RX70~2)." . -. ." .-, gree of carbonization high Lywpodiumspodtessp. (a-119.9x18.4) Stereisporitessp.(a-127.4~13.3) Age: The most probable age for section 88JIG-21 is an inrefined tricoipate pollen (?a-117.6x20.3, 126.5x12.3) middle Cretaceous. Unfortunately none of the speciesiisti!d above Vitreisporitessp.(a-142.8x5.8) differentiate between an Albian and a Cenomanian or somewhat Comments: Recovery good; preservation poor; sample highly car- youngerage.indeeditisoniyonthebasisoftwoquestionatiespeci- bonized: the abundant exiniteis black to translucent white; modern mens of tricolpate pollen in sample C-171084 that one i!; able to contamination abundant. restrict the age from a more general Earlyto mid Cretacecus age. Reference: Report AS-88-09 Field No. 88JIG-21-3GSC No.LOC. C-171086 NTS 920i02 Northing5650000Easting 513450 Powell Creek Formation 2.75 kin south-southeast of Eldorado Mountain. Unit: IuKSQ Field No. 86PS-13-6-2 GSC LOC. NO,0-150212 Selected flora: NTS 920/03 Northing 5663769 Eastinc, 471327 C/assopo~ssp. (abundant; c-11.4x4.4.123.2x7.3. Lower Powell Creek. 174.- .. RuQ-. ._, RI.- Unit: uKPCm2 Cpthiditessp. (common; c-119.9~18.6) Palvnnflora! fungal spores (scarce; b-134.4x17.3) Cicaln~wsispodtessp. (b-124.2x13.4) Eummmiidites minorGroot and Penny,1960 (c- Cyathiditessp.(b-139.7x20.1) 115.8~16.3) fungal spores (b-133.0x15.1) K1uk;spdtessp.(c-114.1x13.4) Gleicheniditessp. (a-124.6x14.3) Vitreisporites palhdus (Reissinger) Nilsson, 1958 (c- Osmundaciditessp.(b-132.7x18.0) 114.1x10.2) Zomments: Recovery sparse, preservation poor. Organic residue Comments: Recovery and preservation Door; fusinite abundant;d0- moderately carbonized. gree of carbonizationis high, 4ge: Cretaceous or younger. Most probably Cretaceous. Qeference: Rewort AS-1987-07

Bulletin IW 231 __- 232 Geological Survey Branch Ministry of Employment and Investment

APPENDIX 7

Ar-Ar Radiometric Dates

By LA. Archibald Department of Geological Sciences Quem’s U~liversity Kircgstonl Ontaio

4oAr/39Ar ANALYTICAL METHODS trapolated to zero-time, corrected to an 40All .36 Ar atmos- Mineral separates were prepared using a Frantz mag- phericratioof29S.S,andcorrectedforneutroni~dnced~~hr netic separator, heavy organic liquids and, where appropri- from potassium, and39Ar and 36Ar from calcium. Ages and ate, by hand-picking. errors were calculated using formulae given by Dalrymple et al. (1981) and the constants recommended by Stc ger and Samples andfour to six flux monitors (standards) were Jager (1977). The errors represent the analytical p:ecisiou irradiated with fast neutrons in position SC of the McMaster at 2-sigma assumingthat the error in J-value is zero. Nuclear Reactor (Hamilton, Ontario) for either 25 or 30 hours. The monitors weredistributed throughoutthe irradia- tion container, and J-values for individual samples were de- PRESENTATION OF THE DATA termined by interpolation. Presented in this appendix are isotopic data for 18 Both step-heating experiments and analysis of the 40Ar139Ar total-fusion determinations on 15 samp:es, and 31 step-heating experiments on 30 samples, including 3 monitors were done ain quartz tube heatedusing a Lindberg furnace. The bakeable, ultra-high vacuum, stainkss-steel ar- which also have total fusion dates. The locations of the sam- gon extraction system is operated on-line to a substantially ples are plotted in Figure 49. Total fusion data is pr-sented modified A.E.I. MS-IO mass-spectrometer run inthe static in Table 2 and the step-heating data are presented as indi- mode. Total-fusion analyses were done usinga custom, five- vidual data tables and age spectra in the following iection. position turret system andresistively-heated, tanralum-tube The final section summarizes the dates and geologiml con- crucibles. Measured mass spectrometric ratios were ex- text of each dated sample.

~ ~~~~~~~ ~

Figure 49. Ar-Ar and U-Pb isotopicdate locations, Taseko- Bridge river map area

Bulletin 100 233 British ColumOia __

TABLE 2 40Ar/39A~TOTAL FUSION DATA

Sample No. Mineral "'Arf'Ar38ArpgAr Vol. 39ArK % 4gAr Date i20 x107 rad m11 cm3NTP " TL-87-1 Hb 7.4950 0.0087 6.1320 0.1645 57.2 71.5 +1.4 TL-87-3a Ser 7.8370 0.0014 0.0080 1.2146 94.4 78.1 &.I3 11.3620 0.0144 8.6470 0.2080TL-87-4 8.6470 Hb 0.0144 11.3620 68.1 82.1 &.I) TL-87-4 0.0460Bi 0.0061 8.6060 1.7620 78.8 71.8 &.I3 TL-87-6 Hb 12.1500 0.0239 13.0800 49.8 0.1080 64.7 &. I TL-87-7 0.0270Bi 0.0048 5.5040 1.7910 74.2 43.5 4.3 TL-87-8 Hb 7.6710 0.0108 7.2450 0.1547 53.5 65.3 4.3 TL-87-8 Bi 6.5770 0.0072 0.2350 1.0650 67.7 47.4 &.:j TL-67-11 Hb 0.0320 15.6900 11.6900 0.0926 45.2 75.8 i2.R TL-87-12 Ser0.0024 3.2790 0.0130 2.9810 77.9 27.3 4.2 TL-87-13aMaf. 0.006721.9700 127.1000 52.6 0.0204 131.O t7.d TL-87-140.2680 A.2.1390 P. 0.0095 9.0620 70.3 67.6 4.13 TL-87-16 Hb 10.4120 34.70.0274 30.9 0.1460 12.3400 *I;> TL-87-17 Maf. 56.9100 0.1841 140.6000 0.1841 56.9100 Maf. TL-87-17 0.0144 22.9 148.8 k14. I TL-87-17 F.P. 77.6 10.4350 70.2 0.0121 0.2020 6.3550 6.8420 0.0059 0.9887 74.6 54.4 74.6 TL-87-17 0.9887 W.R.0.0059 6.8420 0.5810 4.3 TL-87-20 Bi 5.3560 0.0042 0.0710 1,2250 76.8 43.9 4.1; DH-87-163.3 Ah 8.2440 0.0042 0.0110 6.128073.7 84.6 &.!j "

Abbreviations: Maf. = mafic concentrateobtained by heavy liquids and Frantz magnetic separator;F.P. =fresh plagioclase: A.P. =altered (sericitized) plagioclase; W.R. = whole-rock: Ser = sericite * quartz; Aln =alunite, nearly pure; Bi = biotite separate: Hb = hornblende separate.

True ratios corrected for fractionation and discrimination e0 Ad 36 Ar atmos.=295.5) Ratios are not corrected for system blank, Ar,but Vol. of blank 40Ar is 1x10-*cc STPfor 50O0Cd'<1O50"C and 2.2x10-* cc STP for T=SOO"C and T>1O5O0C. Vol. of blank 36Aris 3~10.'~cc STP for 500"C105OnC.

37Ar/39Aris corrected for the decay of 37Ar during and after irradiation (h137=1.975xl0-2 days-1).

Volume of 39Ar determined using the equilibration peak height mass and spectrometer sensitivity.

Isotope production ratiosfor the McMaster Reactor (Masliwec, 1981): (40/39)K=0.0156 (36/39)Ca=0.390169 (37/39)Ca=1536.1

Ages calculated using the constants recommended by Steiger and Jager (1977). Errors represent the analytical precision only (ie. error in J-values=O). Flux monitorused DA-83-48-BB biotite (97.5 Ma) referenced tommHb-1 hom- blende and LP-6 biotite.

234 Geological Survey Brcnch Ministry of Employment and Investment

STEP HEATING DATA

~~~ ~- ~ ~~~ C093A Hornblende

Run: DBm Data: June 27, 1988

Total 39Ar: 8989 E-9 cm3NTP Appro% 0.47% K Integrated AQE:Ea7 +/- 41 .O Ma Plateau Age: 2755 +I- 298 Ma (725% of Arm, steps marked by 7

m Tarp 4WE Wm 37/39 Vdm 139 %4W A- +I- Enrx < C €4mU Rcd Ma 2-

660 52910 1.9BM 0.9 0.103 0.015 7.6 614 +I- 750 650 26880 0.7580 m.0 0.023 0.023 3.6 1455 +I. 542 1 w.

~~ ~ GBQ Hornblende

Run: 0-WZ Mass: 360 mQ Data: December 8 1933 J Value: 0.00701

Total39Ar: 119.898E-lOcm3NTP Appror87%K IntegratedAge: 2955 +I-334 Ma Plateau &a: 279.0 +I-20 Ma (1 21%of Arm, steps markad hy 7

m 219.0 +I. 2220 7m 1760 +I. 51 4.0 775 2280 +I. 8520 845 1 19.0 +I. 267.0 876 550 +I. 175.0 3680 +I. 1840 3480 +I. 9.0 3l7.0 +/- Sa0 301.0 +I. 1 a0 279.0 +I- 20 294.0 +/. ao 3060 +/. n.o 2950 +/. 780 1990 +I. 1M.O a0+I. 1550 2950 +I. 11.0

Bulletin 100 235 TL-87-1 K-feldspar

Run: 0-698 C34/p21 Mass: 54 mg Date: Oct. 4,1991 J Value: 0.005982

Total 39Ar:3.910 E4 cm3 NTPApprox. 1.7% K Integrated Age: 41.79 +/- 2.89 Ma Plateau Age: 36.83 +/- 14.10 Ma (15.% of 39Ar, steps marked by *) 44.44 +/- 1.05 Ma (34.8% of Ar33, stops marked by -)

Temp 40138 38/59 Vd38h37m 138 Age +I. Enor c E4cm3 Rad. MD 2 rlgma

. Sm 7.M1 0.M87 0.W 1,382 0.348 58.W 44.44 +I. 1.05 BUI 4.m 0.0014 0.W 1.927 0.493 6i.M 41.51 +I. 0.58 * 3.370750 0.- @.My) 0.252 0.W 81.M 33.52 +/. 8.43 * BUI 10.W 0.G217 0.W 0.W 0.025 38.18 39.00 +I- 21.55 * OY) 12.380 0.- O.W 0.077 0.020 26.98 a30 +I. 28.88 * 1W 0.01738.687 0.W 0.127 0.032 41.04 3811 +/- 8.45 1200 32.736 0.- 0.W 0.068 0.018 11.18 39.08 +/- 23.44

TL-87-11 Hb (80/115)

Mass: mg J Value: 0,03718

Total 39Ar. 29.1 68 E-9 cm3 NTP Approx 2% K lrrtegratedAge: 754 +/- 121 Me Plateau Age: 785 +/-a6Ma [=%of Ara, steps marked by 7 "1 m 01 m-

Run: 0.663 C76/P42 Maus: 439 mg Dale: Jan. 5 1991 J Value: 0.-

Total 39Ar: 1.449 €4cm3 NTP Approx. 0.068% K Integrated Ag 11 1.2 +/- 21.6 Ma Plateau Age: 104.5 +/- 16.6 Ma (91.7% ofAr39, steps markedby *)

am 38/59 37/58 Vd 39A Easm~

118.213 0.4128 tW.150 0.070 21.m .o.czlB J.4a 0.m 14.029 0.0103 2.m 0.W 27.346 0.M11 13.280 0.533 21.983 0.W 13.720 0.215 38.m 0.1078 27.W 0.m 62.370 0.1827 30.880 0.062 77.070 0.2341 20.315 0.W ...... ~0.775 0.6213 4.m 0.011 __ 236 Geological 236 Survey Bmnck Ministry of Employment and Ir,vestment

Run: 0-574 C3llP16 Mass: 2% mg Date: April 11, 1988 J Value: 0.005982

Total 39Ac 1.395 E-8 cm3 NTP Approx.0.13% K Integrated Age: 84.63 +I- 12.42 Ma Plateau Age: 73.48 +/- 2.57 Ma (51.9% of SAr, steps marked by *)

Temp 40/38 Jerj9 37/38 Vo138b~ nS W Ago +I- Elm C E4cm3 Rad. Ma 2 dgma

550 177.280 0.5681 13.22s 0.m o.0~ s.68 105.30 +I. 8z.m 850 3o.w 0.- 14.051 0.me 0.029 45.42 144.50 +I. 3d.10 750 38.028 0.0731 5.581 0.021 0.015 44:- 171.30 +I. 47.50 830 10,818 10.8750.0124 0.150 0.107 7288 81.10 +I. 1.40 890 9.~7om7 12.780 0.41~ 0.288 783 7410 +I- 4.10 * 920 8.W 0.014 11.834 0.308 0.221 72.8078.46 +I. 0.50 €4 0.877 0.W 11.803 0.178 0.128 80.33 81.40 +I- 270 950 18.381 0.0303 14.529 0.W 0.045 51.92 89.m +I. 8.50 em 35.i88 0.0635 2O.807 0.m 0.015 49.M 178.50 +I- 15.40

1055 27.W 0.0839 20.286 0.048 0.W 18.63 48.80 +I- 41.30 1tM 27.792 0.0582 17.128 0.07% 0.056 CIS 123.90 +I- 20.80 1xLl 81.121 0.2281 18.873 0.019 0.014 18.43 153.80 +I- 88.80

Run: Dm Date: May 17.198D

Totd 39Ar: 351 63 E-8cm3 NIP Approx 7.%K IntegratedAge: ?X9 +I-1.3Ma Plateau Age: 2238 +I- 1.O Ma (94.0% of M33, steps marked by 7

'"I TL-88-4 Hornblende (80/115)

Run: D-678 C79/P26 Mass: 300 mg D a te: Sept.Date: 1. 1991 J Value: 0.005015

I~.t.d~:XR€s+,.t&~ Total39Ar: 1.296 E-8 cm3 NTP Approx. 0.1% K Integrated Age: 207.55 +/- 10.33 Ma Plateau Age: 251.11 +/- 8.13 Ma (66.8% of 39Ar. steps marked by *)

Temp 40138 38138 %4W Ape +I- Elmr C Rad. Ma 2 Olgmll

7W 38.315 0.1097 19.m 0.m 0.074 21.11 74.47 +I- 21.98 Bm 21.385 0.0549 18.428 0.083 0.071 28.77 57.33 +I. 14.18 875 20.539 0.0387 18.480 0.102 0.079 51.19 83.84 +I- 10.90 0.140 88.81 211.53 +I. d. ""I 925 58.488 0.0478 27.842 0.1M 13.m ...... ck$ * 975 37.285 0.0318 29.175 0.204 0.157 80.52 257.49 +I- 5.09 1m 37.815 0.- 28.951 0.144 0.111 78.22 248.33 +I. 11.71 * 1mS 49.597 0.0788 31.282 0.064 0.034 57.58 245.88 +I- 21.83 * 1065 45.927 0.0657 32.219 0.054 0.042 82.79 248.48 +I. 31.49 * 11M 35.124 0.0273 28.899 0.243 0.187 83.25 251.42 +/- 3.42 * 12m 37.389 0.0381 30.889 0.177 0.158 77.47 249.30 +I. 4.65

~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~ ~ ~~~~ ~~ ~ TL-88-10 Brown Hornblende 8W20 mesh

Run: 0- Mass: m9 Date: December 19, 1933 J Value: 0.W7

Total 39Ar: 3565 E23 cm3 NTP Apprar 0.36%K Integrated Age: 107.8+I- 87 Ma Plateau Age: 1 E2+/- 57Ma (79.3% of AIS, steps marked by 7

Aga +I- Error Mo 2-

1184 +I. 1.1 1M6 +I. 18.4 104.6 +I. 43.9 1164 +I. 136 im.8 +/. 7.7 1S6 +I. 4.7 11133 +I. 82 1m9 +I- 1.7 107.8 +I. 4.4 104.5 +I- 128 ea8 *I- u1 12I.s +I. 221

_- ~ 238 Geological Survey Brmch Ministry of Employment and kvestment

TL-88-10 Green Hornblende 120/140

Run: 13-658C76/P44 "9: 250 mg Date: Dec. 29/90 J Value: 0.W69

Total 39Ar: 3.593 E43 cm3 NTP Approx. 0.30% K Integrated Ag 102.8 +/- 10.0 Ma Plateau Age: 98.5 +/- 4.4 Ma (86.1% of AM, steps marked by *)

40130 3(v38 37138 Vd 344 EQ cm3

80232 0.1w 10.084 0.108 23.940 0.W 3.528 0.W 19.m 0.0114 1e.m O.M1 20.858 0.W 38.270 0.m 22.705 0.U271 22.470 0.038 0.011 72.01 18.W 0.- 0.072 0.m €am 10.074 0.- 12482 0.5% 0.433 0.0072 10.107 1.448 8.W 0.m 9.e.m 0.m 10.380 0.m 9.338 0.W 15,481 O.Op0 9.385 0.121

TL-88-16 White Mica +16

Run: 78/52 Mass: 113 mg Date: January 2 1991 JValue: 0.- n-88.l.¶w.u,.+lb n.w*.drw:PO.O+r.I.,u. Total 39Ar. 29.348 E-8 cm3 NTPApprox 81%K IntegratedAge: ZZ39+/-1.3Ma Plateau Age: 230.1 +/- 1 .O Ma (932% of Arm, ateus marked by 7 -m 3-1 T-Q C m m 875 240.0 +I. la4 725 za3 +I. 60 229.5 +I. 3.3 2332 +I. 1.3 m.9 +I- 1.1 2301 +I. 1.8 2299 +I- 0.7 2294 +I. a8 m.7 +I. a7 23.1 +I. a4 229.6 +I- KO

Bulletin 100 239 British Columbia ~-

TL-88-17 Biotite (40/60)

Run: 0-670 C79/P25 Mass: 100 mg Date: 1991July 1. J Value: O.CQ501

Total 39Ar: 27.263 E-8 cm3 NTP Approx. 7.7% K Integrated Age: 67.05 +/- 0.88 Ma Plateau Age: 87.21 +I-0.69 Ma (98.7% of 39Ar. stops marked by *)

40/38 38138 37/38 Vo138A 138 WA, Ass +/- Ermr E.8 cm3 Rad. Ma. 2 r5ma

40.742 0.1188 0.278 0.118 0.m 15.23 55.24 +I. 25.18 23.347 0.0577 0.058 0.250 0.m 2f1.90 55.88 +I. 9.32 14.201 0.0277 0.034 0.472 0.017 52.84 87.04 +/. 2.82 8.547 O.MB7 0.007 1.814 0.058 7s.w 88.91 +/. 0.88 8.108 0.0018 0,010 2.454 0.090 83.00 88.88 +I. 1.19 8.0s 0.0018 0.009 1.578 0.m 83.71 88.95 +/. 1.29 7.989 0.0012 0.013 1.40s 0.052 95.37 87.58 +/. 1.- 8.082 0.0018 0.087 2.138 0.078 8400 87.48 +I. 1.04 7.880 0.MOg 0.087 7.068 0.239 w.43 87.49 +/- 0.44 7.888 0.0010 0.04 10.169 0.373 M.08 67.08 +/. 0.29

Run: 0835 Mass: mQ Date: May 1a 19GU J Value: 0.W7 ln18gr8180 Age: a7+/- 1 47Ma

Total 39/\r: 1.4W E-8 crn3 MP Approx 0.1 5% K 4m Integrated Age: W7+I- 14.7 Ma Plateau AGE: Z628 +I-1 R7 Ma (88196 of AS, meps marked by 7

240 Branch Geological Survey Ministry of Employment and Investment

TL-88-24 Biotite 80/140 mesh ~~ ~~ ~

Run: 0637 Mass: 185 mg Date: May 25 1583 J Valuo: am7 R-88-24BloUte BY1 40 mssn Integrated Age: 464 +I- a6 Ma

Total 38Ar: 62105 E8cm3 NTPAppro,:. 68% K 403 integrated Age: 484 +I- a8 Ma T--"-- Plateau Age: 466 +/- a5 Ma (963% ofArm, steps marked by 7

4wz3 3939 Vd 39*r E.84

21217 a0697 0,523 8846 Urn16 1.283 4.789 am7 3.596 4.196 arm 5 7.742 lrni 4.m am2 a784 4.299 arm 9 33M 4.662 am34 2031 4.694 am 2127 4.m am4 am9 4.~1 Urn38 9.073 a= am7 11.216 4.073 arm 1 9.a 6ZSs am a809 7.299 amm 0.538

TL-89-6 Hornblende (80/115)

Run: 0669 C791P30 Mass: 250 mg Date: June 30, 1991 J Value: 0.005015

Total 39Ar: 2.795 E.8 cm3 NTP Approx. 0.31% K Integrated Age: 70.55 +I- 6.56 Ma Plateau Age: 70.27 +/- 5.25 Ma (89.4% of 39Ar. steps marked by *)

Temp 40m V0139A37/3836/39 (38 96401\1 Ape +I. EIIW C E4 m3 Fad Ma 2dPma

7W 38.523 0.0974 5110 0.188 0.087 22.13 71.93 +I. 14.99 80 20.848 0.0428 5.283 0.109 0.038 40.57 74.51 +I- 2212 * 875 14.2830.0248 18.421 0.112 0.040 57.43 73.39 +I. 12.01 825 12.391 0.0197 17.755 0.274 0.098 83.51 70.- +I. 6.41 " * 975 11.088 0.0151 14.128 0.854 0.234 88.91 88.44 +I. 2.72 * 1CCO 10.359 0.0119 12.9500.4790.17174.98 88.m +I. 3.10 * iU3U 10.888 0.013 13.819 0.2390.085 72.24 70.47 +I. 8.43 * 1oBo 13.081 0.021417.552 0.145 0.052 81.33 71.07 +I- 10.45 * 1100 11.788 0.0181 15.411 0.288 0.088 88.13 72.88 +I. 7.48 * ?XU 12.438 0.0184 18.154 0.328 0.117 70.8583.36 +I- 3.88

Bulletin 100 241 British Columbia .-

Run: 0-66078153 Mass: 111 mg Date: Januw 1. 1591 JV~U~:am

Total 33Ar: 28m5 E-8 cm3 NTP Approx 8l%K Integrated Age: 21 83 +I- 1.3 Ma Plateau Age: 224.9 +I- 1.O Ma (51.5% of ARS. steps marked by 7

VUUI Rad

4633 87.07 91 .a 9202 9261 +-- 93.W am 2628 %.rn 219.6 +I. 1.1 am7 23n 96 74 m.7 +/. 1.0 am7 2334 9604 221.4 +I. 1.6 0.(124 2544 96M 224.5 *I. 1.0 97.49 mo +/. a7 97.% m8 +I. as 53% me *I. 4.4

Am: 068278154 Mass: 187mg Date: Januan/ 4. 1931 J Val& (KC593

Total 38Ar: 17.962 €4cm3 NTP Approx 23% K Integrated Age: 2l87 +I- 27Ma Plateau Age: 223,s +I-1.8 Ma(665% of Arm, steps mdedby 7

393s 37/39 Vd 394r Age +I. Error EBd Ms 2-

am 0.540 0.476 s.2 +I- 3.4 am 1.293 am 1821 +I. a7 0.0041 1.266 am nai +I. 6s 0.m an 8 1.23 2160 +I. a2 0.- atm am 219.3 +I. at am am am 219.4 +I- a9 am a074 am 215.8 +I- P6 am am 1.091 221.0 +I- 25 arms arm 2247 m7 +I. 21 am8 0.m 1.m m2 +I. 28 am3 am 28p 2234 +I- 1.7 am2 am a196 m2 +I. as amy am a565 Zi.0 +I- 32 am9 6.243 a443 2153 +I- 7.5

Gedoeicul Survev Brmch Ministry ofEmployment and Investment

TL-90-4 Whole Rock 16/35

Run: 0.651 Mass: 288 m9 Oate: December 27. 1s80 JValue: 0.m599

Total 39Ar: 3991 E-8cm3NTP Approx fl.33%K Integrated Age: 1913 +I-9.7 Ma Plateau Age: 197.2 +I-4.3 Ma (563%of Arm steps marked by 7 47 -1 Aa +I- Ecra Ma zaigna

69.9 +I- MO 107.5 +I- 27.0 1505 +I- no 2m9 +I. 260 ms +I. 4.8 2m3 +I. 8.2 1981 +I. 4.2 I969 +I- 34 1983 +I. a2 1976 +I- 62 189.9 +I. 290 1622 +I- 19.0 1350 +I. iao 197.3 +I. 2mo

TL-90-8 Biotite +28 H.P.

Run: 0-673 C79IF-26 Mass: 101 mg Date: July6, 1591 J Value: 0.005014 TL.OMBhrn.+28H.P ,“1c.:.@H+,.a.LL)U. Total 39Ar: 27.m E-8 cm3 NTP Approx. ‘7.5% K Integrated Age: 46.35 +I-0.63 Ma Plateau Age: 46.14 +I- 0.50 Ma (98.8% of 39Ar, steps marked by *) Z’ T I,“”

550 411216 0.1128 0.412 0.191 0.097 18.08 €9.81 +I- 7.77 850 8.888 0.0128 0.127 1.584 0.058 58.45 48.80 +I. 2.0% * 750 5.54 0.W13 0.033 4.83) 0.178 62.85 45.82 +I- 0.45 5.w 0.m 4.108 0.1% +I. * ea 0.- 86.58 48.0% 0.3s (16 * 950 5.417 O.WO7 0.W 8.154 0.227 85.42 48.18 +I- 0.35 * 1025 5.328 owad 0.~9 7.858 am 87.10 dBi8 +I- 0.22 * 5.4251100 O.mo9 0.088 2.217 0.W 8486 48.0, +I. 1.P 12w 8.838 0.W5 0.1414.184 0.025 70.83 54.50 +I. 15.38

Bulletin 100 243 British Columbia __

TL-90-9 SERlClTlC WR 80/120 iJ-753 93/11Run: iJ-753 Mass: 276 ma- Dale:September 27 1992 J Value: 0.006536

Total 39Ar:34.447 E8cm3 NTP Approx. 2.7% K IntearatedAae: 152.41 +/- 0.75 Ma

8.300 0.0078 0.545 2.837 0.085 75.P 80.82 +I- 0.72 15.873 0.- 0.040 3.108 0.080 84.54 188.53 +I. 0.80 18.128 0.0025 4.W 3.831 0.114 88.W 184.08 +I- 0.62 18.m 0.- 4.082 5.555 0.181 88.77 m.48 +I. 0.55 18.888 0.W21 4.084 4.- 0.130 88.m m.38 +I. 0.51 19.521 0.W25 4071 3.070 0.089 88.15 208.40 +I. 0.88 20.301 0.- -0.182 2.428 0.070 88.z 218.31 +I. 0.37 18.804 0.0018 -0.040 4818 0.134 87.17 214.41 +I. 0.43 20.521 0.W24 4.082 2.548 0.074 88.53 218.27 +I. 0.43 21.188 0.m1 o,m 0.881 0.028 81.52 215.08 +I- 1.38 22521 0.0138 0.087 0.315 0.m 82.21 205.88 +I. 5.48 23.018 0.0188 0.w 0.348 0.010 74.81 182.54 +I. 3.80 28.704 0.0372 0.815 0.218 0.W 81.88 187.88 +I- 7.02

TL-90-10 MAFIC WR 80/120

Run: D-75093/12 Mass: 276 mg Date: September24 1992 JValue: 0.006536

Total 39Ar:1.891 E-8 cm3 NP Approx. 0.15%K lnlegrated Age: 167.86 +/- 13.39 Ma -1 II Plateau Age: 189.19 +/- 5.43 Ma (40.5% of 39Ar, steps marked by *) II

244 Geological Survey Bnrnch Ministry ofEmployment and Investment

TL-90-11 SERlClTlC WR 80/1,a

0 -759 93/13Run: 0-759 Mass: 196 mg D ale : October10Dale: 1592 J Value: 0.w6536 "_ I-at.d.40.: tW.s+i-OD2M. Total 39Ar: 21.856 E4cm3 KTP Approx. 2.4% K IntegratedAge: 197.25 +/- 0.92 Ma Plateau Age: 299.10 +/- 4.83 Ma (3.0% of 39Ar, steps marked by *) 229.71 +/- 0.94 Ma (5.9% of Ar39, steps marked by -) 206.09 +/- 0.51 Ma (36.5% of Ar39 steps marked by +) _I Temp 40138 38138 37138 Vd3S/\r MB W/\r Ago +I- Enor C E4cm3 Rad. Ma 2.1gma e--- yx) 11.887 0.M32 4.140 2.870 0.131 91.84 121.88 +/- 0.48

sa~~ 17.357~~ 0.m4 6.1~ 3.918 0.178 86.80 185.81 +I- 0.43 580 19.081 0.&4 6.145 4.275 0.m m.35 20411 +I- 0.88 + 820 19.220 O.oM7 6.185 4.814 0.ZM WS.88 204.73 +I. 0.48 + 880 18.M 0.W 6.114 3.158 0.145 W5.G 208.18 +I. 0.58 . 7M 21.813 0.0034 6.127 1.280 0.D 95.43 pS.71 +I. 0.84 740 28.823 0.W 6.183 0.545 0.025 93.04 270.23 +I- 241 - 780 28.m 0.00s~ 6.373 0.477 0.w m.41 288.19 +I. 3.20 * 820 31.474 0.01~~-1.070 0.m 0.w 87.98 288.87 +I- 8.23 880 33.471 0.0241 1.828 0.087 0.004 78.71 288.14 +I- 8.87 Bw 33.881 0.0302 4.w o.oB1 0.m 73.- 288.43 +I- 20.47 1ZO 33.499 0.0571 0.030 0.185 0.W8 48.85 185.88 +I. 10.85

TL-90-18 WR 16/25

Run: 0658 Mam 158 mg D a te: DecemberDate: 24, 1590 JValue: 0.03683

Total 39Ar: 13848 E-8 cm3 NTP Appror 1.3% K IntegratedAge: 181.7 +I-34 Ma Plateau Age: 1920 +I- 1.5 Ma (423% of A133 8tep8 mahed by 7 40-71

884 ti- 8.8 1285 +I- a4 161.0 rl- 3.0 1e4.9 +I. 21 1me +I. 1.7 1539 +/- 1.2 21 9.1 +I- 4.1 me +/- 183 < 284.8 +I- 67 .272.3 +I- 184 51.0 +I- 1430 Brilish Columbia __

TL-91-1 Whole Rock (80/1201

Run: D-726C93/P14 Mass: 203 mg Date: June 28.1992 J Value: 0.006535

TOW 39Ar 3.369 E8cm3 NTP Approx. 0.36% K IntegratedAge: 150.63 +I-22.74 Ma Plateau Age: 194.36 +/- 8.96 Ma (37.2% of 39Ar. stops marked by *) IN: 4x1 28.578 0.- 1.- 0.080 0.024 14.89 51.25 +I- 108.51 YX 15.871 0.W 1.079 0.080 0.024 18.47 31.13 +I- 13271 540 14.840 0.0273 1.855 0.2W 0.075 44.87 77.25 +I. 44.84 580 22.248 0.0525 23.112 0.388 0.108 58.75 18418 +I- 22.07 820 18.328 0.0108 4.903 0.482 0.137 83.38 165.15 +I. 1413 ' 855 20.404 0.0085 2.189 0.484 0.158 87.80 201.31 +I. 10.44 * Bgg 18.542 0.W 1.269 0.428 0.127 88.W 190.41 +I- 10.88 *18.783 725 0.~87 1.198 0.381 0.107 85.43 w.08 +I. 478 780 18.520780 0.0134 2.188 0.229 0.068 77.88 184.44 +I- 18.BB 785 15.7820 0.meO 5.820 0.105 0.031 50.85 S7.08 +/- 43.4, 835 0.021311.174 8.884 0.171 0.051 43.58 82.70 +I. 25.14 9w 12.820 0.0180 4.483 0.142 0.042 87.8057.84 +I- 28.47 1030 12.7871030 0.W 27.8280.185 0.W 45.20 81.80 +I. 8.01 1203 25.8731203 0.W8 21.oi5 0.041 0.012 2270 90.88 +I. 35.46

TL-91-2 WR 80/120

Run: D-75493/15 Mass: mg 207 Date: September 30 1992 J Value: 0.006532

Totel 39Ar:10.915 E-8 cm3NTP Approx. 1.1% K Integrated Age: 180.57 +I- 1.58 Ma Plateau Age: 218.45 +/- 1.53 Ma (13.1% of 39Ar, stops marked by *)

Temp 4oim W3a 37138 Vd3m 139 W,A, Ago +I- Em C E.8 em3 Fad. Ma 2 sigma

550 11.815 0.82074 0.888 1.882 0.171 81.54 111.58 +I- 1.48 Bw 20.051 0.0033 2489 1.271 0.118 85.10 213.55 +I. 1.88 * 850 20.530 0.m 0.508 1.434 0.131 85.81 218.45 +I- 1.53 7W 20.084 0.W 0.435 1.517 0.138 85.85 213.17 +I- 1.44 Bw 18.585 0.w24 0.m 3.588 0.327 88.14 1sB.51 +I- 0.78 8M 11.173 0.W 3.850 0.831 0.078 88.81 118.28 +I- 3.U 11ae 11.253 0.075 5.7~~0.433 0.040 80.42 108.43 +I. 4.33

246 Geological Survey Brmch Ministry of Employment and Invesrmcnt

TL-92-2D WR:2M-1 O%HN03 NJ3CJ

Run: D-810 108/A2 Mass: 283 mg Date: July25 1993 J Value: 0.006425 -"

muc,.f*dA.(j.:IBL,t +l.(i$OM. Total 39Ar: 9.878 E-8 cm3 NTP Approx. 0.77% K Integrated Age: 182.1 1 +/- 6.50 Ma Plateau Age: 188.89 +/- 3.41 Ma (75.1% of 39Ar. steps marked by *)

5

Temp 40139 36139 37139 Vol39Ar WAI Age +I- Errol ' C E4 cm3 Rad. MI 2 sigma -==L t 5w 32.m a0883 34.688 0.m 0.~20 3842 18227 +I. 31.35 540 31.4150.052157.882540 0.283 51.040.027 229.62 +I. 28.42 560 17.8890.017627.613560 0.690 166.2470.950.070 +I- 10.50 620187.1089.37 0.123 1.212 3.847 0.W8718.684 +I. 3.48 * 880 18.585 0.W43 1.W 0.1781.758 93.13 191.85 +I. 3.07

* 7W 19.238 0.W38 2.4870.978 0.252 93.83~~ 186.79~ . *I., 2.07~~~ 735 17.993 0.w33 0.730 1.967 0.199 94.65 197.65 +I- 5.39 770 17.557 0.W70 2.407 0.696 0.070 88.2U 173.13 +I- 3.81 870 13.174 0.0131 8.204 0.351 0.036 70.55 111.63 +I- 25.91 1200 17.335 0.0292 21.223 0.260 0.026 50.24 118.88 +I- 23.83

TL-92-8 WRWM 801120

Run: 13-799 108IA1 Mass: 260mg Date: July3 1993 J Value: 0.00644

Total 39Ar:7.204 E-8 cm3 NTP Approx.0.61% K Integrated Age: 204.29 +/- 5.62 Ma PlateauAge: :220.73 +/- 2.83 Ma (35.4% of 39Ar, steps markedby *)

Terne 40139 WAC C Bad.

5w 34.318 0.1482.5320.0910 0.02.2~ ~~~ 21.85 88.23 +I- 22.69 540 50.189 0.1232 2.871 0.m 0.026 27.48 155.60 +I- 16.14 880 35.218 0.0706 21.674 0.264 0.039 40.77 179.m +I. 6.19

620 20.658 0.0186 5.531 0.290 0.040~~ ~ 78.* 161.03 +I- 14.13 870 21.540 1.4540.0116 0.288 0.040 84.12 2w.14 +I. 16.33 720 10,877 0.WJS 0.310 0.765 0.108 91.m m.10 +I. 4.44 780 19.980 0.W26 0.084 2.354 0.327 95.90 209.60 +I. 1.11 * 840 20.835 0.W16 0.034 1.981 0.272 97.47 221.47 +I. 2.19 * 980 21.379 0.W48 0.849 0.590 0.082 93.28 216.28 +I- 4.96 920 22.869 0.0179 1.996 0.121 0.017 76.98 195.35 +I- 20.43 960 28.024 0.0328 4.890 0.054 0.W8 82.96 185.15 ti- 49.08 1m 40.491 0.1047 12.221 0.032 0.004 23.50 118.27 +I- 74.24 12M 35.141 0.0822 45.411 0.095 0.013 30.84 162.88 +I- 20.03

~ - Bullerin 100 247 British Columbia ______

86PS-26-9-2HORNBLENDE +40(H.P1

Run: 0-736 89/36 Mass: 424 mg Date: Augusta 1992 J Value: 0.003307 Total 39Ar:2.985 E4cm3 MP Approx.0.30% K Integrated Age: 91.09 +I-5.13 Ma PlabaU Age: 91.64 +/- 1.65 Ma (80.7% of 39Ar. steps marked by 1)

> Tamp 40139 38138 37m VdW ns %4oAI ne0 +I- Ern, C €4sm3 Rad. Ma 2 sigma

7w 365.432 1.2348 5.243 0.m 0.023 5.35 121.45 +/- 41.41 Bw 188.812 0.5318 5.878 0.043 5.720.014 58.58 +I. u.55 ga) 240284 0.n31 24.381 0.088 0,m 492 Bo.81 +I. 31.56 975 38.437 o.mn 12.278 0.085 0.022 32.54 78.85 +/- 12.27 1Mo 34857 0.0870 8.571 0.062 0.014 42.85 80.07 +/- 18.M 1025 34528 0.0631 12.428 0.055 0.018 48.m 98.28 +/- 19.57 1050 24804 0.0354 11.313 0.214 0.072 57.51 87.81 +I. 3.88 * 1076 19.812 0.0154 10.255 1.443 0.484 78.81 92.51 +I- 0.81 * 11W 20.113 o.oin 10.315 0.353 0.118 73.98 91.48 +I. 2.48 * 1125 28.884 0.0407 10.880 0.240 0.080 51.92 80.42 +I. 423 * 1x0 25.534 0.&379 10.793 0.371 0.124 58.32 98.20 +/- 2.47

88JIG-39-8-1MS

Run: OB17 Mass: mg 500 " Date: June 24, 1989 JValue: am718 WIG-38-8-1 MS lntsgrated Age: zlal +I- 1.8kla Total 39Ar: 2a.Bc8 E-8cm3 NTP Approx 0.%K ImEgrarEdAge: 2181 +/-I.QMs Plateau Age: Z3 .O +/- 1.2 Ma (888% of Ar3, step!i rnsrked by 7 '*I

Tap 40139 38139 C

1a4 +I- 5.6 197.3 +I- 5.0 Em3 +/. 1.4 22.8 +/. 1.1 z2+I. 1.5 2184 +I. as 2202 +I- 1.2 mi +/. 80 176.8 +I. 67 271.7 +I. a0 2168 +/. 726

- 248 Geological Survey Bnrnch Ministry of Emplgment and Ir:vesrmenf

~~ ~

Run: D-671 C79/P29 Mass: 251 mg Date: July 3. 1591 J Value: O.CQ5015

Total 39Ar: 3.467 E4 cm3 NTP Approx. 0.3% I< Integrated Age: 24.17 +/- 5.04 Ma Plateau Age: 21 .MI +/- 0.80 Ma (68.3% of 39Ar. steps marked by *)

0.465 0.215 0.082 28.0715.84 +I- 10.28 1.438 0.m 0.018 52.73 65.45 +I- 47.25 2.577 o.cJ1 0.008 25.87 47.88 'I. 5492 10.8270.115 0.035 24.38 27.47 +I. 15.30 12.% 0,301 0.087 3081 27.58 +I. 10.78 12.485 2.257 0.883 4891 21.48 +I. 0.80 11.934 0.131 0.W 2698 31.51 +I. 17.84 12.581 0.252 33.790.073 24.94 +I. 8.91

Run date: 1994/07/06 CanjPos: 124/46 S Value: 0.007007 Recalc date: 1994/07/07 Mass: 150.0 mg f 0.000082 volume 39Ar: 427.72 x 1E-9un3 NTP Approx.5.74% R Integrated Age: 92.16 f 1.13 Ma 0.17% :a Initial 40/36: 380.25 f 90.77 (MSWD = 2.66, isochron between 0.50 and 2.00) Correlation Age: 92.06 .t 0.94 Ma ( 95.9% of 39Ar, steps marked by >) Plateau Age: 92.34 f 1.15 Ma ( 71.1%of 39Ar, steps marked by <)

Age 500 0.00312752f0.000225690.017229f0.003186 0.318 0.03 6.78 0.64 0.982f0.878 12.37f11.33 550 0.00140995 0.00000000 0.086740 0.000000 -0.0600.03 53.240.88 6.725 0.838 83.07 10.12 C 600 0.00083078 0.00000000 0.100908 0.000000 -0.112 0.03 72.01 2.15 7.477 0.441 92.13 5.L9 < 650) 0.000211570.00003752 0.124450 0.000418-0.091 0.03 91.60 6.06 7.533 0.181 92.80 2.17 < 700> 0.00014192 0.00000000 0.127639 0.000000 -0.0870.03 94.07 8.47 7.506 0.093 92.41 1.12 < 750, 0.00008241 0.00000001 0.130011 0.000000 -0,0760.03 96.29 13.80 1.501 0.016 92.41 0.31 800> 0.00001798 0.00000000 0.130633 0.000000 -0,147 0.03 97.35 7.40 1.614 0.094 93.18 1.13 850, 0.00009623 0.00000000 0.1285550.000000 -0.211 0.03 94.826.45 1.558 0.112 93.09 1.14 900, 0.00028919 0.00000000 0.118968 0.000000 -0.395 0.03 88.16 3.83 7.687 0.097 94.65 LL6 950, 0.00004974 0.00006719 0.129084 0.002007-0.100 0.02 96.62 9.33 7.633 0.103 94-00 1.14 <1000> 0.00008269 0.00006164 0.131685 0.002066 -0.191 0.03 95.71 10.75 7.408 0.066 91.30 0.30 <1050> 0,000022400.00005367 0.132259 0.002810 -0.065 0.03 98.25 25.69 7.511 0.057 92.53 0.59 <1100> 0.00005980 0.000310170.130506 0.00'1641-0.265 0.0393.23 4.14 7.527 0.188 92.73 2.26 1200 0,000354670.00191089 0.118507 0.040265 -0.423 0.0353.12 0.39 7.554 1.947 93.05 23. I8

249 Bulletin 100 Sample: TL-87-14 SUMMARY OF 4oArF9ArDATES Rock unit: Hornblende feldspar porphyryplug that intrudes the 'ray- lor Creek Group Sample: C093A Material datedlage: Sericitized plagioclase - Total fusion dats of Rock unit: Diorite, Bralorne-East Liza Complex 67.64.6 Ma. Hornblende - Integrated age of 111.2t21.6 Ma; Pia- Material datedlage: Hornblende- Integrated age of 298.7i41 .O Ma; teau ageof 104.5t16.6 Ma Plateau age of275.5iZ9.8 Ma Comment: The 104.5 Maplateau dateis a reasonable intrusive age Comment: TheU-shaped age spectrum indicates excess argon, butfor the plug if it is related to the Taylor Creek volcanics which it the plateau segment maybe a good indication of the age. intrudes.

Sample: DH-87-163.3 Sample: TL-87-16 Rock unit: Alteration, Taylor-Windfall occurrence Rock unit: Hornblende porphyryplug that IntNdes the PaNellCleek Material datedlage: Alunite-Total fusion dateof 73.74.5 Ma formation and the Chita Creek fault Material datedlage: Hornblende-Total fusion date of 34.7t1.9 Ma Sample: GBQ Rock unit: Diorite, Bralorne.East Liza Complex Sample: TL-87-17 Material datedlage: Hornblende- Integrated age of295.5i36.4 Ma; Rock unit: Andesite. Powell Creek formation Plateau age of 279.0e.OMa Material datedlage: Mafic concentrate - Total fusion datr: of Comment: As with C093A, the shapeof the age spectrum suggests 148.8t14.1 Ma. Fresh plagioclase -Total fusion date 01 77.6::1.5 excess argon, but the plateau segment may be a good indication Ma. of Whole rock - Total fusion date of 54.44.3 Ma the age. Comment: The 148.8 Ma date for the mafic concentrate is consid- erably older than is geologically reasonable for the Powell Creek Samnln: r.-. TL-R7-1.- -. . formation, and may reflect excess argon within the apparently py- Rock unit: Hornblende-biotite-quam-feldsparporphyry intrusion, roxene-rich concentrate that was dated. The younger dates nay Mount Sheba complex reflect post-volcanic alteration, as discussed by Archibald e,'aL Material datedlage: Hornblende- Total fusion date of57.2ij.4 Ma. (1989). K-feldspar - Integrated age of 41.79t2.89 Ma; Plateau ages of 36.83i14.10 Ma and 44.44 i1.05 Ma Sample: TL-87-20 Rock unit: Granodiorite. Beece Creek pluton Sample: TL-87-3a Material datedlage: Biotite-Total fusion date of43.94.6 Ma Rock unit: Alteration, Warner occurrence Material datedlage: Sericite-Total fusion date of 78.14.6 Ma Sample: TL-87-22 Rockunit:AmphiboliteknockerwithinShulapsserpentinitem6lange Sample: TL-87-4 ,,"it Rock unit: Granodiorite, Dickson- McClure batholith ende - Integrated age of 84.63+12.42 Material datedlage: Hornblende-Total fusion date of82.1 e.0 Ma. Biotite - Total fusion dateof 71.8S.6 Ma hibolite (e.g samples TL-8C Sample: TL-87-6 ceous andlor early Tertiary thermal eventsin the southern Shukrps Rock unit: Hornblende feldspar porphyry, Dorrie Peak stock Range, as discussedin chapter 3. Material datedlage: Hornblende- Total fusion date of64.7Q.1 Ma Sample: TL-88-la Sample: TL-87-7 Rock unit: Blueschist. Bridge River Complex Rock unit: Quartz monzonite, Lorna Lake stock Material datedlage: White mica - Integrated ageof 229.9t1.3 Ma: Material datedlage: Biotite-Total fusion date of 43.54.3 Ma Plateau age of229.8i1.0 Ma Comment: This date is interpreted as the time of cooling following Sample: TL-87-8 blueschist-facies metamorphism. Rockunit: Hornblende-biotite-quartz-feldsparporphyrystockcuning Red Mountain volcanic complex Sample: TL-88-4 Material datedlage: Hornblende-total fusion date of 53.54.8 Ma. Rock unit: Amphibolite knocker within Shulaps serpentinite m61ar8ge Biotite -total fusion dateof 47.4S.5 Ma unit Maierial datedlage: Hornblende- Integrated ageof 207.55i10 33 Sample: TL-87-11 Ma;Plateauageof251.11i8.13Ma Rock unit: Hornblende feldspar porphyry dike within Shulaps ser- Comment: This knocker probably correlates with the Early Permian pentinite melange adjacent to the Yalakom fault amphibolite of sample TL-88-23. but may havebeen partiallyre:;et Material datedlage: Hornblende- Total fusion dateof 75.6e.8 Ma: during heating associated with Late Cretaceous dike emplacement, Integrated ageof 75.4i12.1 Ma; Plateau age of 76.5i9.6 Ma as discussed in chapter 3.

Sample: TL-87-12 Sample: TL-88-10 Rock unit: Silicified and sericitized volcanics underlying the summit Rock unit: Sheeted gabbroic. dikes that intrude the Bridqe River of BigSheep Mountain Complex Material datedlage: Sericite-rich Separate - Total fusion date of Materialdatedlage: Brown hornblende-lntegratedageof 107.6Aj.7 27.34.2 Ma Ma; Plateau age of 105.2i5.7 Ma. Green hornblende - lntegraled age of 102.8i10.0 Ma; Plateau age of 98.5t4.4 Ma Sample: TL-87-13a Comment: A correlation plot for the plateauSegment of the broNn Rock unit: Andesite. Powell Creek formation hornblende spectrum yields a well-defined isochron age of 107i3 Material datedlage: Mafic concentrate - Total fusion date of Ma (ZG) which provides the best estimateof the ageof this sample 131.0i7.4 Ma (Archibald eta,! 1991). The brown hornblendeis rimmed by gresn Comment: This date is considerably older than is geoiogically rea- amphibole which yields slightly younger dates, probably reflecting sonable for the Powell Creek formation.may It reflect excessargon autometamorphism associated with the multipledikeemplacemeat. within the pyroxene-rich mafic concentrate that was dated (Ar- chibald etal., 1989) Sample: TL-88-16 Rock unit: Blueschist, Bridge River Complex Material datedlage: White mica - Integrated ageof 229.9:t1.3 Mia; Plateau age of230.1i1 .O Ma

Geologicul Survey Brun:h Ministry ofEmpIoyment and lnvesimenr

Comment: Almost identical to sample TL-88-la. These dates are Sample: TL-90-11 interpreted as the time of cooling following blueschist-facies meta- Rock unit: Retrograded blueschist, Bridge River Complex morphism. Material datedlage: Sericitic whole rock - Integrated age of 197.25to.92 Ma. Plateauages of 299.10i4.83 Ma, 229.71:@3.94 Ma Sample: TL-88-17 and 206.09to.51 Ma Rock unit: Granodiorite. Eldorado pluton Material datedage: Biotite - Integrated age of 67.05to.88Ma; Pla- Sample: TL-90-18 teau age of 67.21to.69 Ma Rockunit: Metachert. Bridae- RiverComplex: structurallvinlbricated with blueschist Sample: TL-88-23 Material datedage: Whole rock - Integrated age of181.7.63.4 Ma. Rockunit: AmohiboliteknockerwithinShulaDsseroentirdtem6lanae - Plateau aaeof 192.0+1.5 Ma unit CommencLow-temperaturestepsuggeststhat themlalovf printing Material datedage: Hornblende - Integrated age of 253.7e14.7 Ma: occurred in Late Cretaceous time. Plateau age of 260.8t10.7 Ma Comment: An Ar-Ar correlation analysis done for the plateau seg- Sample: TL-91-1 ment revealedan initial 40Ar/36Arratio of 257ffi8 (slightly less than Rock unit: Blueschist, Bridge River Complex the expected atmospheric argon ratio of 295.5)an and older age for Material datedage: Whole rock. Integrated age of 150.€3Q2.74 the plateau segment of 271t16 Ma (Archibald et a/,1991). This Ma. Plateau age of 194.366.96 Ma correlation plot date is considered to be a reliable cooling age for the sample. Sample: TL-91-2 Rock unit: Blueschist, Bridge River Complex Sample: TL-88-24 Material datedage: Wholerock- lntegratedageof 180.57t1.58 Ma. Rock unit: Biotite-rich reaction zone adjacentto a 1 to 2-metre sili- Plateau age of 218.45t1.53 Ma ceous phacoid (felsic dike fragment?) within serpentinized harzbur- gite of the Shulaps Ultramafic Complex. Sample: TL-92-2D

Materialdatedage: Biotite ~ Integrated age of 46.4to.6Ma; Plateau Rock unit: Blueschist. Bridge River Complex age of 46.6to.5 Ma Materialdatedage:Wholerock-lntegratedageof182.11+(i.50Ma. Comment: The date may rellect the time of cooling following em- Plateau age of 188.89t3.41 Ma placement of a dike related to the Mission Ridge pluton. Sample: TL-92-8 Sample: TL-89-13 Rock unit: Blueschist cobble from the base of the Silverqbick con- Rockunit:Hornblendefeldsparporphyryplug(partoftheBlueCreek glomerate porphyry suite) that intrudes the Shulaps harzburgite unit and hostsMaterial datedage: Partial separate of white mica- integrated age the Yalakom gold-quam vein system of 204.29.t5.62 Ma. Plateau ageof 220.73i2.83 Ma Material datedage: Hornblende - integrated age of70.556.56 Ma; Plateau age of70.27t5.25 Ma Sample: 86PS-26-9-2 Rock unit: Clinopyroxene hornblende porphyry dike that .cuts the Sample: TL-90-2-2 Taylor Creek Group Rock unit: Blueschist clast within the basal conglomerate of the Material datedlage: Hornblende- Integrated age of 91.09k.[;.13 Ma. Dash formation Plateau age of 91.64t1.65 Ma Material datedage: White mica- Integrated age of 218.3t1.3 Ma: Comment: Its age and composition suggest that the dikei:; part of Plateau age of 224.9t1.0 Ma a feeder system to the overlying Powell Creek volcanics.

Sample: TL-90-24 Sample: 88JIG-39-6-1 Rock unit; Blueschist clast within the basal conalomerate- of the Rock unit: Blueschist,Bridge River Complex Dash formation Material datedage: White mica. Integrated age of 218.1t1.9 Ma. Material datedlage: Separate containing 60% white rnica - Inte- Plateau age of221 .Otl.2 Ma grated age of 21 6.7Q.7 Ma. Plateau ageof 223.9t1.8 Ma Comment: Thedifference betweenthis plateau age and the.230Ma plateau agesof samples TL-88-la and TL-88-16 probably reflects Sample: TL-90-4 partial argon loss during a Cretaceous low-temperature overprint, Rock unit: Blueschist, Bridge River Complex as indicated by the 500% step in the Spectrum (Archibald elal. Material datedage: Whole rack - Integrated age of 190.3t9.7 Ma. 1990,1991). Plateau age of 197.2i4.3 Ma Sample: 89DAA-1-12-1 Sample: TL-90-8 Rock unit: Hornblende porphyry dike that intrudes the Rexmourlt Rock unit: Biotite feldspar porphyry dike that intrudes the Bridge r-.r..,.,comhvrv River Complex Material datedlage: Hornblende- Integrated ageof 24.17t5.04 Ma. Material datedage: Biotite- Integrated ageof 46.35to.63 Ma. Pla- Plateau age of 21.48to.80 Ma teau ageof 46.14to.50 Ma

Sample: TL-90-9 Sample: 91JG-44 Rock unit: Retrograded blueschist, Bridge River Complex Rock unit: Granodiorite, Dickson- McClure batholith Material datedlage: Sericitic whole rock - Integrated age of Material datedage: Biotite - Integrated age of 92.16i1.13 hla. Pla- 192.41to.75 Ma. Plateau age of 219.27to.43 Ma teau ageof 92.34t1.15 Ma Comment: Low-temperature step suggests that retrograde meta- Comment: This date is very close to the U-Pb Zircon age r

Bulletin 100 251 ~~

Ministry of Employment and Investment

APPENDIX 8

U-Ph Radiometric Datingof Shulaps Tnnalite

By RIM. Friedman Depamnent of Geological Sciences The Universityof British Columbia Vancouver. British Cdumbia

U-Pb ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES iZO% (Daly collector runs), and 0.0012/amu :GO% (Fara- day collector runs), determinedby repeated analysisof Na- SAMPLE PREPARATION tional Bureau of Standards SRM981 Pb standards. Zircons were separated from an approximately 20 kg Laboratory blank amountand isotopic composition are de- sample using standard crushing, Wilfley table and heavy termined from running procedural blanks with each batch liquid extraction techniques. Zircons were then split into of unknowns. Pb and U blanks were 5-15 pg (GO%), and specific fractions based on grainsize, shape, and magnetic susceptibility, as well as physical attributes suchas colour and clarity of individual clystals. Some fractions were air 89TCA-2-6-1 abraded using techniquessimilar to those of Krogh (1982). J?rior to dissolution all zircon fractions were washed in warm 3N HNO3 for 10-20 minutes followed by rinsing in high- Serpentinile Melange purity Hz0 and acetone. R U-Pb METHODS Sample dissolution and U and Pb separation andpnri- fication are carried out using a procedure modified from Parrish (1987). The dissolution is in small-volume Teflon capsules contained in a large Pan bomb (Parrish, 1987). Both Pb and U are eluted into the same beaker and loaded " and run sequentially, together onthe same Re filament, us- 0.m 0.26 0.32 ing a silica gel/phosphoric acid emitter,at a temperatureof 207Pb/'"U 1300.C. A Daly collector is used to improve the quality of measurement of low-intensity 2?b signals U and Pb con- centrations are determined with a mixed205Pb/235U spike Figure 50. Concordia diagram for sample 89TCA-2-6-1of the (Parrish and Krogh, 1987).wascorrectedfor0.0043/amu Pb Shulaps serpentiuite m6langeunit.

TABLE 3. U-PB ZIRCON ANALYTICAL DATA _" Fraction1 Wt. U Pb2 Pb'208pbs Isotopic ratios(*lo,%)6 Isotopic dates(Ma,+20)~ " mg ppm ppm 2MPb pg % , 23sU/206Pb 207PbP35U 207Pb/2MPb 2MPb/238U207Pbf35U "- 207Pb,206Pb Shulaps melange knocker: 89TCA-2-6-1 B m,NS,p 0.033 195 6.5 722 18 14.40.03154*0.13 0.2251*0.49 0.05176*0.42 200.2&0.5 2062t1.8 274.li&19.1 C f,NS,p 0.043 229 9.2 2260 IO 15.0 0.03754*0.10 0.2684i0.26 0.05186*0.19 237.e0.5 279.3+1.1 279.:;*8.5 D f,NS,p 0.024 296 13.0 33573 15.0 0.04115+0.210.2950+0.76 [email protected] 260.0;tl.l 262.5M.O 285,:;rZ.O E f.NS,p 0.059 16.714.6221132522 0.04140+0.14 0.2968+0.27 0.05200+0.20 261.5i0.7 263.W1.3 _"285.::+9.0 'All fiactions are air abraded; Grain size, smallest dimension:c= >134pm, m=<134pm and >74!.~m, f=<74pm; Magnetic codes: Franz magnetic separator sideslope at which grains are nonmagnetic; e.g., Nl=nonmagnetic at lo;Ficld strength for all fractions =1.8A; Front slope for all fractions=20"; Grain character codes: p=prismatic 2RadiogenicPb ?Measured ratio corrected for spike and Pb fractionation of 0.0043/amu 120% (Daly collector) 4Total common Pb in analysis basedon blank isotopic composition 5RadiogenicPb 6Corrected for blank Pb, U and common Pb (Stacey-Kramers model Pbcomposition at the z07PbPPbdate of fraction, or age of sample) 253 Geological Survey Brmch British Columbia __

APPENDIX 9

Mineral Occurrences, Lithogewhemistry, Moss Mat Geochemistry and Regional Stream Geochemistry of the Bralorna: and Map Areas

- 254 Geological Survey Brcnch Figure 5i. Kinerai occurrences and gewhemicai sample sites in lhe Bralome and Dickson Range map areas.See Figure 52 for list of symbols. TABLE 4 MlNFlLE OCCURRENCES, 92J114, 15

DOMINANT MlNFlLEMETALLIC DEPOSIT DEPOSIT HOST PRODUCTION (P) NUM BE R NAME NUMBER RESERVES STATUS NPE MINERALS COMMODITIES CHARACTER ROCKS (R)

92JNE-020 California Low-sulphide vein Au. Ag: W diorite-greenstone, Developed (mesothermal) tonalite prospect gold-quartz wins

92JNE-021 Why Not Low-sulphide Au. As diorite-greenstone, Developed (mesothermal) tonalite PV3Spect gold-quartz wins

92JNE-022 Gloria Kitty Low-sulphide Au. As PY. apy diorite-greenstone, Developed (P) 467gAu (mesothermal) albitite prospect 311 g Ag gold-quartz veins

92JNE-023 Forty Thieves Low-sulphide vein, Au. Ag PY, tet diotite-greenstone, Developed (mesothermal) stockwork dadte porphyry Prospect gold-quae veins

92JNE-024 Arizona Low-sulphide vein, Au. As. W; diorite-greenstone, Developed (mesothermal) disseminations Pb, Zn tonalite Prospect gold-quartz veins

92JNE-025 Golden Gate Low-sulphide vein A" diorite-greenstone, Prospect (mesothermal) albitite goldquartz veins

92JNE-026 Haylmore Placer alluvial A" detrital native Au nuvial gravels Past (P) >280009 Producer placer gold (total metal)

92JNE-027 Pilot Low-sulphide vein Au. Ag quartz diorite Developed (mesothermal) Prospect gold-quartz veins

92JNE-028 Shulaps Vein vein cu CCD greenstone-gabbro Showing Copper

92JNE-029 Congress Stibnite veins irregular pads, Au,Ag, Sb: sti, PY. apy: greenstone. ribbon Past (P) 2582 g Au veins and cu sp. tet, cn. Im chert Producer 1306gAg km, mar 38 !q C" 92JNE-030 Wayside Low-sulphide vein Au,Ag ICu. PY. spy. CCP; diorite Past (P) 166122 g Au (mesothermal) Pbl tel, gn. tet. sp Producer 26064 g Ag goldquartz veins [sti. native Au] .. 92JNE-03 veritas Polymetallicveins vein, stockwork Au: Pb, Cu greenstonediorite PrOSDeCt (quartzdorninated) TABLE 4 MINFILEOCCURRENCES. 923114.15 MlNFlLE DEPOSIT DEPOSIT METALLIC HOST PRODUCTION (PI NU MB ER NAME NUMBER TYPE CWRACTERSTATUS COMMODITIESMINERALS ROCKS RESERVES (R) 9ZJNE-032 LUCkv Jem vein Au, Ag; Pb, granodiotite Developed (P) 217gAu disseminations zn Prospect 2116g4 336 kg Pb 31 kg Zn

92JNE-033 Reliance Stibnite veins veins and Sb. Au, Ag sti, apy greenstone. ribbon Developed replacements Chert Prospect

92JNE-035 Summit Polymetallic vein vein Au. Ag; Zn. Pb py. PO, apy, sp: gn. greenstone, argillite, Prospect [bn. sti] ribbon chert

92JNE-037 Wide West Skarn stratabound, Au. Cu pa. CCP limestone. slate, Showing massive, conglomerate, irregular granodiorite

92JNE-039 Primrose Vein vein Au, Cu chert, argillite Showing serpentinite

9ZJNE-MI Lillomer Cinnabar veins, Hg greenstone, ribbon Prospect disreminations chert, argillite

92JNE-045 Lucky Strike Poiymetaiiic veins vein Au, Ag; Zn, Cu serpentinite. chert, Developed argillte, granodiode Prosped

92JNE-046 Tyaughton Cinnabar disseminations Hg argillite Showing

9ZJNE-064 4-Ton Nephrite Jade lenses, pods nephriteiade serpentinite. argillite, Showing (lode) ribbon chert

92JNE-065 Blue Nephrite Jade lenses, pods nephritejade serpentinite. argillite, Showing (lode) ribbon chert

92JNE-068 Little Gem Sulphide-anenide- veins. lenses. Co, Au. U; dn. lo. sfl, apy; granodiorite prospect oxide (hypothermal) disseminations MO mo. ur, ery. skt veins [sch. native Au]

92JNE-070 Chrysotile veins, pods chrysotile serpentinite Showing

92JNE-073 Dauntless Palymetallic veins veins, Au. Ag: Zn chert. argillite. Prospect disseminations. greenstone breccia

92JNE-075 Minto Polymetallicveins banded veins. Au, As: Pb, Cu Past (P) 546 115 gAU lenses Producer 1 573 338 g A5 56436kgPb 9 674 k5 Cu

9ZJNE-076 Peeriess Polymetallic veins veins, pods Au. Ag: Zn. Pb sp, native Au. py. greenstone, argillite Prospect 5n

92JNE477 Golden Stibnite veins veins. lenses Sb: Au, Ag sti: PY. apy. SP greenstone, argillite ProSCect

92JNE-086 Manners Zone Skarn massive, Au, Ag: Mo mt, ccp, ma chert, argillite, Prospect irrewlar greens!one, dIG& TABLE4 MINFILE OCCURRENCES, 925114. 15 MlNFlLE DEPOSIT PRODUCTIONDEPOSIT HOST METALLIC (PI NU MB ER NAME CHARACTER COMMODITIES MINERALS COMMODITIES CHARACTER NAME NUMBER TYPE ROCKS STATUS RESERVES (R) I 92JNE-089 Whynot Stibnite veins Au. Ag shale, conglomerate Showing greenstone

92JNE-092 Leckie Poiymetallic vein Au,Ag: Cu, serpentinized Prospect Pb, 2" peridotite, gabbro

92JNE-095 Noithem Polymetallicvein vein Au, As serpentinite, diorite Prospect Light 1

92JNE-099 Shulaps Chromite podiform, serpntinized Showing Range disseminated pendoite

92JNE-100 Taylor Basin Chromite disseminated Cr serpentinite Showing

9ZJNE-102 Liza Lake A Magnesite veins. pods magnesite quartz-carbonate- Showing maripositealtered ultramafic rocks (lishvanite)

9ZJNE-105 Northem Polymetallicvein vein Au. Ag: Cu quartzdiorite Prospecl Light 6

9ZJNE-107 Biliya Zone SKam vein, massive. A", Ag: Cu prospect irregular

92JNE-108 Jewel Polymetallic vein vein A", As: Cu serpentinite, diorite Past (P) 3732 g Au Producer 404 9 Ag 199 kg cu

92JNE-111 Jim Creek Nephrite Jade tabular. irregular nephrite serpntinite Showing

92JNE-120 Paul Cinnabar veinlets. Hg cn greenstone Showing disseminations

92JNE-I21 Massive sulphide disseminated to Au. Cu. Zn CCP. SP: gn. PO greenstone Developed massive pods, prospect lenses

9ZJNE-123 Marshall Ridge Limestone lenses limestone cheit, argillite Showing

92JNE-I24 Commodore Low-sulphide vein Au. Ag PY. apy tonalita Prospect (mesothermal) goldquartzveins

9ZJNE-127 Liza Lake E Magnesite veins. pods magnesite qrrart2carbonate- Showing rnariposite-altered ultramafic rocks (lishvanite)

92JNE-129 Kelvin Polymetallicvein vain Au, Ag Cu. Zn chelt. argillie, Prospect grernsione

92JNE-130 Hillside Zone Stibnite veins Au, Sb chert, argillie, prospect greenstone. diorite TABLE4 MlNFlLE OCCURRENCES. 92J114.15

D EPO SIT DEPOSIT METALLiC HOST PRODUCTION HOST METALLiC MlNFlLEDEPOSIT DEPOSIT (PI N UM BE R NAME CHARACTER COMMODITIES MINERALS COMMODITIES CHARACTER NAME NUMBER TYPE ROCKS STATUS RESERVES (R) 92JNE-I29 Keivio Polymetaliic vein vein A". Ag: Cu. Zn CCP. PY. aw chert argillite. prospect greenstone

92JNE-130 Hillside zone Stibniteveins Au, Sb chert, argillte. prospect greenstone. diorite

92JNE-131 Lou Zone Stibniteveins veins. Au, Sb: PY. sti. tet. aPY chert, argillne. Developed (R) Proven: disseminations As. cu greenstone. prospect 34466t: feldspar porphyry 2.74 QJl AU Probable: 897931: 2.40 @ Au

92JNE-132 Howard Zone A". Sb: PY. apy. sti. tel chert. argillite, Developed (R) Probable As. Cu [native Au] greenstone. gabbro. Prospect and Possible: feldspar porphyry 26750%: 11.31 $tAu

gZJNE.133 Paul zone AU. Ag: py. apy, tei, sti greenstone. Developed (R) Possible: Cu. Sb feldspar porphyry Prospect 83444 1: 9.6 gn AU

92JNE-I34 Norma Vein vein nu,& w greenstone Showing

92JNE-136 senator Stibnite veins veins, pods Sb: Au. Ag sti greenstone. chert prospect

92JNE-139 Bill Miner Vein vein A" greenstone. chert Showing

92JNE-140 Lira Lake C Magnesne veins, pods magnesite quark-carbonate- Showing maripos'#tPaltered ultramafic rocks (listwanite)

92JNE-141 Peridotite Chromite disseminated Cr chr serpentinized dunite Showing Creek and harzburgite

92JNE-149 Mudmain Magnesne banded and magnesite quark-carbonate- Showing comb-temred maiipositPaitwed veins. pods ultramafic mcks (iishuanite)

92JW-028 Native Son Polvmetallic vein fractureantrolled A", Cu. Pb. Zn sandstone, shale. Showing replacement; quartz diorite quartr-calate TABLE 5 MINOR MINERAL OCCURRENCES, 925/14.15

OCCURRENCE DESCRIPTION (Metallic Minerals. Vein Description. Assays, etc.) REFERENCES

1 spccp, (qtz vein) AR 9526 2 apy. (cal vein) AR 15399 3 apy3 (qtz-carb vein;2.02 ppm Au over 10 cm) AR 15399 4 Cn AR 9062 5 cn Pearson (1975) 6 sti AR 9062 7 gn,apy, sp (3.80 ppm Au; 28.3 ppm Ag;1542 ppm As;38 ppm Sb; 375 ppm Cu; 8818 ppm Pb AR 17790 1798 ppm Zn) 8 sti, apy, sp (massive vein 20-30 cm widewith adjacent stringers:5.90 ppm Au;8.9 ppm As: 3629 ppm As; AR 17790 239 ppm Sb; 71 ppm Cu; 626 ppm Pb; 582 ppm Zn) 9 apy(4.67 pprn Au;4.5 ppm A% 228 ppm As: 46 ppm Sb;249 ppm Cu; 104 ppm Pb; 6685 ppm Zn) AR 17790 10 py. gn, sp(ALPHA vein: 10.0 pprn Au and 8.91 ppm Ag over 1.0 m) AR 17062 11 py,sp, gn (BETA vein: 3.40ppm Au and6.17 ppm Ag over 1.0 m) AR 17062 12 apy,py. sp. gn (MANHATTAN vein: up to12.0 ppm Au over 2.0 m) Sampson 13 apy,py, sp. gn (NAX vein: up to 40.8 ppm Au over 1.O m) Sampson 14 sti.py (OR0 Avein: up to 13.17 ppm Auand 16.11 ppm Agover 2.0 m) Sampson 15 py. sti (OR0 E vein: up to 9.63 ppm Au,590 ppm Ag and 0.10%Sb) Sampson 16 apy,py. sti (up to 4.42 ppm Au over 9.5 m) Sampson 17 py (5.18 ppm over 1.0 m) Sampson 18 apy,py. sti (up to 6.34 ppm Au over 2.0 m) Sampson 19 apy,py (2.19 ppm Au over 1.O m) Sampson Abbreviations: AR = ECMEMPR Assessment Report, apy = arsenopyrite. cal = calcite, carb = carbonate, ccp = chalcopyrite, cn = cinnabar, gn = galena, py = pyrite, PO = pyrrhotite, qtz = quartz, sp = sphalerite, sti = stibnite Sampson refers to unpublished data obtained by C.J. Sampson, 1991 L6801 2 c 0.5 32 Cl 0.5 86 3 93 65 16803 1 C 0.5 750 8 8 35 3 103 25 11 L8804 1 C 0.5 0.12% Cl 1 15 48 32 0.13% 36 18606 1 <0.5 15 2 0.7 6 6 47 20 L8808 3 < 0.5 272 12 3 107 4 191 40 56 L8809 162 0.6 4000 570 120 128 9 62 380 La10 1 c0.5 12000 11 < 0.5 36 15 75 6 L6811 4 C0.5 15 2 0.3 16 4 18 23 La12 3 0.5 66 3 1 76 6 148 87 L8813 9 C 0.5 1500 120 1.05 3 4 6 107 La614 10 c 0.5 1400 13 378 4 3 11 96 502 L6815 1 0.5 168 1 0.6 38 5 E6 142 L8817 7 0.5 422 15 9 7 3 39 0.16% 85 L8622 2 C 0.5 147 13 0.9 47 26 365 46 L8823 ! 0.6 180 6 2 0.29 4 20 :0 La24 1 <0.5 15 1 3 212 6 220 92 1 C0.5 404 ZOW 6 4 22 7 42 ank an lfmm AR 137091 < 0.2 > 40W -2 <2 59 6 58 c5 0.2 3% 320 48 36 16 66 < 0.2 1100 -2 <2 10 5 31 0.2 1560 <2 c2 33 6 38 diss PY (fmn AR 13709) < 0.2 230 128 <2 20 2 35 atl vein% diu DY lfmm AR 19709) 56 0.6 220 3 138 LAR42 5 1.4 450 6 26 1 LAR43 220 13 1715 55 67 92 7 5 0.4 156 19 3 22 2 qtzlarb-mrp an (fmm AR 18869) - . . .. 5 "9 113 4,.. _.7, .I?," 2 qtzerb-mm an (from AR 18869) LAR46 5 1.9 181 8 30 22 1 qtzcarb-mip at (fmm AR 168691

Abbreviations: AR = BCMEMPR Assessment Report.ank = ankerite. alt i: aneration. cab = carbonate, ccp = chalcopyrite, Im = limonite, mal = malachite, rnm = mariposite. py i: pyrite. 00 =Pyrrhotite. atL = aualtl.

LAR data is from B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and PetroleumResources assessment reports. Analytical Techniques:AU by fire assay and atomic absorptionspectroswpy: Ag. As. Sb. Cu, Pb. Zn,Ni and Mo by atomic absorptionspedrosmpy; Hg by namelesswid vapour atomic absorption spedmswpy. TABLE 7 STREAM SEDIMENT GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSES, 92J/15

SA MPLE A" SAMPLE Ag HQ As Sb C" Pb Zl7 Ni MO W CO Ba NO. (ppb)(PPm) IpPb) IPPm) (Ppm) (PPm) IPPm) (PPm) (ppm) IPpm) (ppm) (PPm) (PP~I S 811022 3 0.1 3 S811022 23 1.0 10 1 21.5 1 48 1 68 280 770 S811023 4 0.2 10 4919.0 1.0 1 68 260 2 1 24 800 S811030 790 3224 0.1 1 90 245.0 1105.0 10013 4 5811031 16 0.4 80 55.0 4.2 2 52 30014 105 1 32 650 S 811032 33 1.1 33 S811032 132.5 110 13.812 110 200 240 6 1 35 1400 S 811033 25 180 53.5 180 25 S811033 0.2 4.4235 62100 4 2 11001 29 18.0 1.8 63 2 92 260 92S811034 2 8 63 0.1 1.870 18.0 1 11001 29 S811035 17010 0.1 95.0550 3 5.8 16 45 1 74 90 1 S813034 4 0.1 4 S813034 24.0 70 2.6 63 4751 75 1 2401 28 46 1 59 158 1 1 19 480 19 1.2S813035 1 38.5 40111 0.1158 59 1 46 S813036 4 0.1 40 0.1 4 S813036 6.0 0.8 50 248 1 37 2 1 17 390 S8130378.0 132.5 11240 0.1 50 5 60 53 5 7903 13 S813039 70 5 0.1 5.5 0.8 78 46 2 1 370 2 33 990 S813040 4 0.1 80 3.0 0.6 2 45 275 2 89 11100 25 S813042 6 0.1 1650 12.0 3.0 49 4201 93 2 18001 35 S 81304 3 7 S813043 1400 0.2 14.5 4.2 1 53 1144 96 1 26 680 S813044 1602 0.1 4.5 6.0 32 2 58 82 1 1 14 550 S81304 5 8 S8130451600 28 0.2 1 410 16.02 2.2 115 60 3 162 Sa13046 9 0.2 230 16.5 1712.0 12079 5 1500 29 3 1 S81304821.5 14010 0.1 1.o 41 1 364 190 17 500 S815015 10 0.1 20 2614.5 1 0.4 25 4 48 1 6 350 S815016 0.1 10 16.0 40 4 80 38 2 12 8 S815017 7 0.3 80 19.0 1003.0 10556 1 2 1 18 51 0 S815018 2 0.1 50 2.0 0.4 25 28 1 1 8 1 5 670 S815019 4802 0.3 3.8 12.01400 12 60 1 2 1 145 24 S81502 0 2 S815020 0.3 70 7.0 1 1.0 43 1 1 86 15 11 200 S815023 10 0.4 4.213053 55.0 1 2 49 850 1 94 520 S815024 15016 0.4 75.0 11.2135 12568 5 273 1 630 S81502 5 22 S815025 0.3 60 83.0 5.6 80 1654 115 5 1 30 520 S815026 8 0.2 190 2 15.0 6302.6 9150 1 740 43 1 S815027 73.0 21140 0.2 15.0 €6 2306 115 2 1 30 720 S815028 30 7 0.3 5.5 2 0.8 44 56 1 980 1 55 100 S815029 2 0.3 0.490 3.0 7439 1 680420 481 1 5815030 2 0.2 130 3.5 1 0.4 37 72 680 1 1 96 420 5815116 4 1.40.1 250 82.5 55 1 115 280 4901 1 28 Data for most elements are from Reqional Geochemical SuNey EC RGS-9,1981: Ag. Cu. Pb, Zn. Ni, Mo and Co by atomic absorptim spectmsrnpy: Hg by flameless cold vapur atomic absorption Spectroscopy:As by hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy:Sb by HCI digestion wnh organic exiraction followed by atomic absorption spectroscopy:W by mlourimetric determination using fusion followed by organic extraction. Au and Ba data extracted from Regional Geochemical SuNey BCRGS41,1993, which re-analysed sediment pulps saved from the 1961 program using instrumental nel*:cn ac:ivstioii. TABLE 8 MOSS MAT GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSES, 92J/14,15

SMPLE Au A9 H9 As Sb C" Pb Z" Ni MO W CI pt mlNUMBER ( Pb PPm) (ppm) (PPm) (PPb) (ppm ( (PPrn) (PPm b M88 34 2 0.2 3.0 74 7 167 39 2 2 33 1 M88 35 4 0.1 5.9 43 14 57 119 3 5 73 1 M88 37 3 0.2 2.2 40 8 62 155 1 1 158 1 M88 38 212 0.2 90.7 10.3 92 I3 117 271 3 1 155 2 M88 39 1M 0.4 155.9 13.2 ea 24 147 198 3 1 158 2 M88 40 592 0.2 82.3 9.3 ea 18 102 103 1 1 88 1 M88 41 2 0.2 8.9 1.0 33 3 83 73 1 1 11 1 M88 42 2 0.1 3.7 2.3 27 3 37 35 1 2 20 1 M88 43 3 0.2 15.6 4.1 58 7 97 101 1 1 82 1 M88 44 11 0.2 10.1 1.5 49 3 117 34?6 1 I 23 2 M88 45 68 0.3 17.5 1.6 37 10 81 103 1 1 85 1 M88 46 1 0.1 3.7 0.7 23 2 167 58 1 1 51 1 M88 47 I 0.2 5.5 1.2 25 8 58 560 I 1 188 3 M88 48 204 0.1 4.7 0.8 56 2 80 477 1 1 353 3 M88 49 1 0.1 3.4 0.7 36 6 72 519 1 1 556 3 M88 50 1 0.1 5.4 1.o 38 9 60 603 1 1 293 2 M88 51 2 0.1 20.9 1a 46 4 49 515 1 2 571 4 M88 52 10 0.2 20.4 0.7 56 4 49 262 1 2 274 1 M88 54 8 0.2 11.6 2.4 74 8 743 1085 2 1 493 41 M88 55 3 0.1 33.3 4.6 39 2 136 268 1 1 102 1 M88 56 I4 0.3 37.2 2.7 47 4 56 1M 1 1 109 1 M88 57 1 0.1 8.3 3.3 40 5 50 41 1 1 35 1 M85 58 3 0.4 156.8 2.8 108 4 152 90 1 1 25 1 M58 59 1103.1 0.1 101.9 3.3 63 9 141 322 1 2 218 2 M88 80 1347 0.4 e47 1.3 78 7 113 47 1 5 43 1 M88 51 13 0.3 5.1 1.4 53 2 105 275 1 1 2M 2 M88 52 4 0.2 7.3 1.0 49 5 89 298 1 I 248 2 M88 63 57 0.2 23.9 2.6 72 9 71 270 1 2 101 2 M88 €4 3 0.2 11.8 0.8 52 3 35 578 1 1 282 5 M88 65 11 0.1 20.2 0.8 33 2 34 57 1 1 40 1 M88 66 3 0.1 15.5 1.3 M 2 53 41 3 3 34 1 M88 67 2 0.1 3.5 0.5 29 7 36 9 1 2 65 1 M88 68 4 0.1 362 0.7 30 4 47 311 1 2 125 1 M88 69 28 0.3 15.1 1.2 240 5 51 146 2 1 82 1 M88 74 12 0.3 47.0 5.7 50 11 102 225 1 1 In 1 M88 75 133 0.2 57.5 72 €a 4 135 251 2 1 172 3 M88 78 225 0.1 4.9 1.o 27 2 86 777 1 1 227 3 M88 77 1 0.1 11.3 1.6 M 8 2s 98 4 1 50 1 M88 78 7 0.1 116.8 1.7 XI 5 78 759 I 1 717 5 M88 79 9 0.2 13.0 1.2 82 I1 134 973 2 1 498 5 M88 80 2 0.1 27.5 1.5 59 5 86 280 I 1 3 M88 81 105 0. I 36.2 2.5 71 5 92 298 1 1 351 1 M88 82 3 0.4 2B8.0 2.6 111 10 229 110 5 3 28 1 M88 83 21 0.1 143.2 2.5 62 2 134 284 1 1 191 1 M88 84 3 0.1 32.7 3.0 121 17 234 1 02 2 4 28 1 M88 85 13 0.1 110.7 1.o 76 5 115 53 1 2 30 1 M88 86 1 0.1 39.4 6.1 31 5 48 6 1 1 8 1 MRR 87 "4 0.2 23 19 1 1 1 British Columbia "

APPENDIX 10

Mineral Occurrences, Lithogeochemistry,Moss Mat Geochemistry and Regional Stream Geochemistry of the Bridge River Map Area

~~ " 264 Geologicul Survey Brmtch SYMBOLS

Sulphids-arsenide-oxide (hypothermal) veins ...... A

Low-Sulphide (mesothermal) gold-quartz veins ...... 0

Porphyry copper (f molybdenum) ...... 0

Porphyry molybdenum ...... @ Polymetallic veins ...... 0

Skarn...... D

Slibnite Veins ......

Scheelite~stibnite veins...... A

Cinnabar (t stlbnitd veins anddisseninations ...... Disseminated (epithermal) gold ...... *

Placer gold ...... x

Bog iron...... +%

Miscellaneous prospects ...... +

Minor mineral Showings (not in MiNFILE)...... x Stream sediment Sample location...... + Lithogeochemical sample location ...... + MOSS mat samm location ...... +

Figure 52. Minemi occurrences andgeochemicai sampie sites inthe Bridge iiiver map area. TABLE 9 MlNFlLE OCCURRENCES, 92J116

DOMINANT MlNFlLE DEPOSIT DEPOSIT HOST METALLiC PRODUCTION (P) NUM BE R NAME TYPE NAME NUMBERSTATUS ROCKS MINERAL COMMODITIES CHARACTER RESERVES (Rl

92JNE-034 Spokane Polymetaliic vein vein Au, As: Cu, SP. PO. PY granodiorite. Prospect Bi [native Bi. native hornblende feldspar Aul POrPhYry 92JNE-040 Rhodes Poiymetaiiic vein vein Au. As; Cu w.Po; CCP iime5tone. Showing ribbonchert. argillite. ganodiwite 92JNE-062 Eagle Cinnabar veins. Hg cn: PY greenstone Prospect (P) 172 kg Hg disseminations (R) see 92JNE-078

92JNE-063 Birkenhead Nephrite Jade tabular lode nephrite jade serpentinlte. ribbon Past (Pi 100 kl chert granodiorite Producer nephritejade 92JNE-074 HDrSehOe Placer alluvial A" detrital native Au fluvial gravels Pest (P)> 31290 9 Bend Producer placer gold (total mecalj 92JNE-078 Red Eagle Cinnabar veins. cn Developed (PI 232 kg Hg disseminations Piospect (R; s4i7S2 i at 10.2 kglt Hg (includes reserves for92JNE-062)

92JNE-083 Moha Vein Vein greenstone Showing (P) 319Au: 939 Ag 92JNE-085 Marshall Vein veins, chert. argillite, Prospect Creek disseminations greenstone

9ZJNE-087 Broker Hill Polymetaliic vein veins. Chert-quaene. Slate. Prospect silicified zones. granodiorite. fractured zones porphyritic dacite

92JNE-088 Shulaps Vein vein A". Ag: Cu PY. PO argillite. serpentinite Showing 92JNE-091 Jones LignRe coal lenses lignite shale. sandstone. Showing dacitic tuff

92JNE-101 Alpine Porphyry Stockwork. veins. MO ma: ocp granodioite Showing disseminations

92JNE-112 Shulaps Chrysotile fracture surface chrysotile serpentinite Showing Mountain slipdbres

92JNE-117 Horseshoe Nephdte Jade auuvki bouiders nephrite serperninfie Showing Bend 92JNE-126 King Palymetailic vein vein Au. Ag: Pb. Zn chert. siltstone. Showing gmodiorite 92JNE-146 Cub Porphyry Stockwork. Ma, Au, Cu granodiorite Prospect disseminations. (Bi, Pb] reins 92JNE-148 Lisa Dawn Porphyry Stockwork, Mo. Cu. Au granodlaRe Prospect disseminations. wins Abbreviations: apy = arsenopyriie. ccp = chalcopyrite. cn = cinnabar, gn = galena, ma = molybdenite, py = pyrite, po = pyrrhotite. sp = sphalerite Ministry of Empkyment and In vestment

TABLE 10 MINOR MINERAL OCCURRENCES, 92J116

OCCURRENCEDESCRIPTION (Metallic Mineral, Vein Description, Assays. etc.) REFERENCE!; NO. "_ 1apy (5 ppb Au; 0.2 ppm Ag; 3000 ppm As: 0.3. ppm Sb) AR 15397 2 apy ( 30 ppb Au;0.1 ppm Ag: 700 ppm hs; 0.5 ppm Sb) AR 15397 3 apy(6300ppbAu:ll.2ppmAg:z10000ppmAs26.0ppmSb) AR 15397 4 apy.mal(510ppbAu;0.1ppmAg;~10000ppmAs;3.8ppmSb) AR 15397 5 apy(1650ppbAu;0.7ppmAg;~10OOOppmAs;15.8ppmSb) AR 15397 6 apy (960 ppb Au; 0.6 ppm Ag; > 10 000 ppm As; €4.0 ppm Sb) AR 15397 7 apy(50ppbAu:O.lppmAg;5400ppmAs1.6ppmSb) AR 15397 8 apy (370 ppb Au;0.1 ppm Ag; > 10 000 ppm As; 16.6. ppm Sb) AR 15397 9 rusty qlz vein (2120 ppb Au) AR 1.5445 10 apy, ccp ( c 109 ppb Au; ppm As: 85 ppm Cu) AR 11758 11 ccp (30 ppb Au; 14 ppm As > 10 000Cu) ppm AR 11758 12 apy ( < 10 ppb Au; 2 ppm As 50 ppmCu) AR 11758 13 ccp ( < 10 ppb Au: 24.0ppm Ag; 150ppl) Hg; 6 ppm As: 1.2. ppm Sb: 7500 ppm Cu: 4ppm Mo) AR 11758 14 apy. cpp (60 ppb Au; 0.8 ppm Ag; 10 ppb Hg; 340 ppm As: 0.7 ppm Sb: 180 ppm Cu; 15 ppm Pb: AR 11758 79 ppm Zn;4 ppm Mo; 45 ppm W) 15 cn Stevenson (1943) 16 placer AU (production:1906 to 1910: 6514 g; 1931-1935:446 g; Total 6960 gnu) Holland(1950)~&

Abbreviations: AR = BCMEMPR AssessmentReport. apy = arsenopyrite. ccp = chalmpyrile. cn = cinnabar. mal = malachite; qtr = quam

TABLE 11 LITHOGEOCHEMICALANALYSES,92J116

SAMPLE AU SAMPLE & Ha As Sb C" Pb Zn Ni MO NUMBER (ppb) (PPm) (ppb) (PPm) (P m (PP (PFm) m) @pm) (PP m) (ppm) DESCRIPTION L8818 1 < 0.5 e10 25 I 5 3 15 48 4 qkvein.lm L6819 2 c 0.5 62 5 e0.5 310.11%0.37% 17 -5 qk _in. py. scp, nul. az L8620 1 0.5 179 22 0.5 480 46 294 315 <6 dmpy L8621 1 < 0.5 93 398 1 930 29 340 540 6 dww.. L6827 4 c 0.5 40 7 1 222 3 40 54 <6 mal, w L6902 21 < 0.5 288 3 3 12 <6 27 0.17% qtze,mrpan 16903 12 0.5 5104 6 2 <6 24 0.13% 4 qbcarb-mrpan L89W 4 < 0.5 2300 21 7 28l2 8 79 26 TABLE 12 STREAM SEDiMENT GEOCHEMICALANALYSES. 92J116

SAMPLE A" ns H9 AS Sb C" Pb Z" Ni MO W co Ba (ppb) (ppm) (ppb) (ppm) (ppb)NUMBER (ppm) (ppb) (ppm)(ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)

58110 24 58110.~ ~ ~ 8 0~3~~~ 90~~ 20 5 12 4R.. 2 95.. 300." 1 1 -~?9 6W... 58110 52 3 0.1 10 41 4 85 405 3 1 35 600 58110 60 2 0.1 10 12.5 0.6 86 3 89 175 3 1 28 570 58110 62 5 0.2 30 21.5 0.6 49 87 140 1 1 21 790 48110 63 2 0.4 30 19.5 0.2 56 95 150 3 1 17 650 58110 64 4 0.4 20 18.0 0.6 105 1 115 160 2 1 32 450 58110 65 4 0.2 20 14.5 0.6 90 3 120 90 3 1 27 690 58110 66 6 0.2 20 18.0 0.8 92 2 120 90 4 1 26 670 58110 67 2 0.4 120 8.5 0.2 40 3 110 40 2 1 10 410 S8110 68 2 0.3 70 3.5 0.6 60 1 89 150 2 1 23 270 581 10 69 3 0.2 30 7.5 0.6 45 1 125 240 2 1 24 940 581 10 70 3 0.2 80 7.5 0.6 47 4 103 235 2 1 27 830 581 10 71 10 0.1 20 7.5 0.6 65 5 90 160 2 1 27 800 581 10 72 2 0.4 40 5.0 0.1 26 4 70 50 2 1 12 600 58130 10 2 0.1 870 8.5 1.8 43 3 135 21 1 1 16 600 S8130 11 2 0.1 120 7.0 1.8 53 5 1 50 54 2 1 17 820 58130 12 3 0.1 90 5.5 0.6 24 1 80 830 1 1 45 360 58130 13 2 0.1 80 5.5 0.8 24 1 60 800 1 1 45 280 58130 14 2 0.1 180 11.5 1.0 30 5 93 345 1 1 28 590 58130 15 2 0.1 40 4.5 0.6 23 5 75 37 1 ! 11 690 S8130 16 135 0.1 40 26.5 1.2 46 2 74 430 1 1 35 4M 58130 17 0.2 60 18.0 1.0 50 2 70 230 1 1 27 660 58130 I8 36 0.1 30 17.5 1.2 55 2 86 360 1 1 35 610 58130 19 3 0.1 30 8.5 1.0 40 2 94 195 1 1 25 800 58130 20 27 0.1 30 17.5 1.2 50 5 20 222 1 1 28 810 58130 49 6 0.2 30 15.0 1.8 54 3 66 73 2 1 17 1300 58130 50 2 0.1 140 7.5 0.8 36 1 86 39 2 1 15 1100 58130 51 5 0.2 260 11.5 1.2 82 5 115 101 4 1 20 1500 58130 52 9 0.1 610 18.0 2.2 150 12 165 75 10 1 21 2400 58130 53 3 0.1 120 10.0 1.2 82 6 92 70 2 1 32 3M 58130 54 2 0.1 100 5.0 0.4 86 1 120 72 3 1 43 190 58130 55 3 0.1 100 7.0 0.4 38 I 50 17 1 1 9 310 56130 56 7 0.1 40 14.5 0.4 39 3 75 50 1 1 13 760 S8155 96 5 0.4 160 9.5 1.0 45 6 92 650 2 1 49 550 S8155 97 6 0.4 50 35.5 1 .O 56 1 97 340 3 2 30 810 S8155 99 7 0.2 20 13.5 1.0 20 1 42 800 1 1 40 290 58156 00 3 0.1 10 9.5 0.4 45 1 36 300 1 1 29 100

58156 02 2 0.3 20 8.0 0.2 20 1 33 1300 1 1 55 1W~~ 58156~~~.. 03 6 0.3 10 7.5 0.4 18 1 30 1300 1 1 52 120 58156 04 2 0~3... 20 7.5 0~2 30 1 42 1150 1 1 59 1M." 58156 05 5 0.2 ..20 15 0.2 rn._ 1 M_. 1s.- 1 1 6 650 0.2 70 7.5 1.2 58156 067.5 370 0.2 32 23 3 150 1 1 9 570 Data for most elementsare from Regional Geochemical Survey EC RGS-9, 1981: Ag, Cu, Pb. Zn, Ni. Mo and Co by atomic absorption spectroscopy; Hg by flameless cold vapour atomic absorption spectroswpy; As by hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy; Sb byHCI digestion Wilh organic extraction followed by atomic absorptionspectroswpy; W by colourirnetric determination using fusion followed by organic extraction. Au and Ba data extracted from Regional Geochemical Survey EC RGS-41, 1993, which re-analysed sediment pulps saved from the 1981 program using instrumental neutron activation. TABLE 13 MOSS MAT GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSES, 92J116

SAMPLE Au As Hg As Sb cu Pb Zn Ni Mo W Cr R NUMBER (ppb) (ppm) (ppb) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (wm) (ppm) (wm) (ppb)

M8835 202 230.4 20 2 91 14 66 1 456 1 440 2

M8853 592 0.3 8334 2 9 132 1 06 2 1 104 1

M8870 5 0.2 16 2 101 15 161 97 5 1 72 1

M8871 6 0.3 13017 2 15 169 65 11 1 29 1

M8872 1 0.1 6 2 82 7 119 69 1 1 1 83

M8873 1 0.2 9811 2 3 105 1 72 1 91 1

Samples were collected by staff of the B.C. Geological Survey Branch, and analyses performed byAcme Analytical Laboratory Ltd., Vancouver, 6.C. Au andR by fire assay and mass spectroscopy; Ag, As. Sb. Cu. Pb, Zn, Ni, Mo. W and Cr by ICPspectroscopy; Hg by flameless cold vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy. British Columbia "

APPENDIX 11

Mineral Occurrences, Lithogeochemistry,Moss Mat Geochemistry and Regional Stream Geochemistry of the Noaxe Creek and BigBar Creek Map Areas

" 270 Geological Survey Branch figure 5%iviinerai occurrences and geochemicai sample sites in theKoaxe Creek and Eig Bar Creek map areas. See Figure 52 for iisi of sym30:s TABLE 14 MINFILE OCCURRENCES, 920/1,2

MINFILE DEPOSIT DEPOSIT(P) PRODUCTIONDOMINANT HOST WMBE,? NKE TYPE CYAWCTE8 C3:.::r:OCl7iES :r:zr. :dlNEwLs iioci(s DlAlUD RESEKVZS (2)

920412 Elizabeth- Low-sulphide Au. As: apy. PY.CCP. gn. porphytitic quartz diode Developed (P) 1559Au; 155gAg: Yalakom (mesothermal) Pb. Zn sp, native Au; Prospect 24 kg Pb: 8 kg Zn: gold-qualtrveinr pa, mt, mo. [from Ellzabeth veins]

920-013 Blue Creek Nephrite Jade botryoidal pods nephtitejade serpentinite melange: Showing talc-silicate alteration zones

920-014 Sunny Magnesite banded and magnesite qualtr-carbonate- Showing wmb-textured mariposite-altered veins serpentinite (listwanite)

920415 Apex Cinnabar lenses, veinlets, Hg cn qualtr-carbonate- Prosped disseminations mariposite-altered serpentinite (llshvante)

920-017 Silverquick Cinnabar disseminations. Hg m chert-pebble conglomerate, Past (PI 3247.5 kg Hg lenses. smears sandstone. shale Producer on fault planes

920-018 Tungsten Scheelte- banded. crustifid W, Sb.Au sch: sti [ml quarkcarbanate- Past (P) 7896 kg WO, Queen stibniteveins and comb-textured matiposite-altered Producer concentrate veins serpentinite (listwanite)

920-020 Tungsten Scheelie- banded veins W Sb sch; sti [cn] limestonedolomite: Past (P) 1.8 kg WO, King stibnite veins listWan$e Producer concentrate

920-023 Manitou Cinnabar veins, Hg cn foliated greenstone: Past disseminations, contacts between Producer smears along greenstone and chert foliation 920-026 Robson Polymetailic veins and seams Au, As; granodiorite and Developed (P) 2208 9 Au veins of solid sulphide Pb. Zn. Cu related porphyrRicdikes Prospect 18071 g Ag 2640 kg Pb 1+14393 kg Cu

920-030 Poisonmount allwial A" detrital native Au fluvial gravel Past (P) 2644 g placer gold Creek Producer (total metal)

920-046 Poison stockwork, Cu. Mo. Au PY. ccp. mo. bn. hornblende-biatiie quaitz developed (R) ma 52s ow t: Mountain disseminations. cc, N. diorite and granodiorite. prospect 0.23% Cu. O.w7%Mo. veins biotie hornfels 0.122gItAu

920-iri7 aig Sheep Disseminated disseminations; A": Ag py: tet, Im quartzfeldspar Prospect Mountain (epithermal) veinlets parphyritio rhyolie add MlNFlLE DEPOSIT DEPOSIT DOMINANT HOST PRODUCTION (P) NUMBER NAME NPE CHARACTER COMMODITIESMET. MiNERALS ROCKS STATUS RESERVES (R) 920.056 Eva Stibnite veins veins, Au, Sb: sti. spy, bsmn. mnglomerate, sandstone, Prospect disseminations Cu. Bi CCP. PY siltstone, feldspar porphyry

920.059 Mugwump Cinnabar disseminations:Hg: Sb cn;sti chert- pebble Developed veinlets mnglomerate; qua*- Prospect carbonatemariposite altered serpentinite (lishvanite)

920-064 XYZ Porphyry disseminations. Cu, Mo. Au CCP. mo: apy. qua*-feldsparporphyry. Showing veins SP. PO. horneblende-feldspar porphyry. sandstone, shale

920.065 ABC Porphyry disseminations C" CCP. PY. PO qua*-feldsparporphyry. Showing homeblende-feldspar porphyry. sandstone. shale

520656 Noaxe Creek Magnesite irregular magnesite quartz - carbonate - Showing pods, veins marioosite-altered serientinite (iistwanite)

Abbreviations: apy = anenopyrito, bl5 = boulange~e,bn = bornite, bgmn = bismuthinite, oc E chakmite, ap= chalcopyite, cn = cinnabar, N = covellhe. ga = galena, jm = jamesanite, Im = limonite, mo = molybdenite, pa = pyrrhotite, py = pyrite, pya = pyrargyrite, sth = scheelite, sp = sphalerite, sti =stibnite. tet 5 tetrahedrite, TABLE 15 MINOR MINERAL OCCURRENCES, 920/1,2

OCCURRENCE ESC!?!P?!O?! EEFEREXCES NO. 1 AR aPY (275 ppb Au) 11037 2 apy,sp, PO, tet (DDH RYC.OO1: up to 1 ppmoverAu 5.0 met! AR 18780 3 CCP, mo AR 8866 4 CCP, mo AR 8866 5 CCP AR 8866 6 SP AR 8866 7 CCP AR 4597 8 CCP AR 4597 9 cn AR 1916 10 cn PF 11 cn Leech (1953) 32 cn PF 13 sti. apy (2700Au; ppb 1.5Ag; ppm AR4167 Sb) ppm 14932 14 (skam) wo AR 17331 15 apysti. (4500 Au;ppb 0.9 ppmAg; 8812 ppmSb) AR 14932 17 spy, SP AR 5659 18 apy AR 5659 19 spy, CCP AR 6002 20 apy AR 6002 21 vein) wide sti (7 cm AR 5659 22 pn I PO Church and Maclean (1987~) 23 cn Stevenson (1940) 24 cn Stevenson (1940) 25 cn AR 10948 26 ccp sp, (IO ppb Au; 23.2 ppm Ag) AR 10925 Abbreviations: AR = BCMEMPR Assessment Report, PF = BCMEMPR Property File, apy= arsenopyrite, ccp = chalcopyrite. cn =cinnabar, mo = moiybdenite. pn = pentlandite, PO = pyrrhotite, sp = sphalerite, sti = stibnite, tet= tetrahedrite, wo= wollastonite TABLE 16 LITHOGEOCHEMICAL ANALYSES, 920/1.2

S.A"WLE PI? A.9 u: .As Sh cu Ph zn Ni uo w NO. (ppb) (ppm) (ppb) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (pp m) DESCRIPTION

L8701-~ ~ RO~~ <0~5.~~ 600 115 63.. 9s -2 31 7 ~- an.. @-=arb vein L8702 c20 c0.5 725 22 10 20 24 200 13

SAMPLEAg AU Hg AS Sb C" Pb Z" Ni Mo W NO. (ppb) (ppm) (ppb) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (PPW (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) DESCRIPTION L8743 <20 L8743 10 4.511 850 13 15 58 18 ClO FP carb an , diss ..PV L8744 c20 c0.5 low 11 FP. qtz veins (from AR 8866) LARI 2 410 0.4 qh-carb veins (from AR 9876) LAR13 3900 0.7 qtz veins (from AR 9876) LAR14 2100 5.5 qh veins, trace apy ( from AR 9876 ) LAR15 2700 0.7 (from AR 9878) LAR16 1 3300 4 from AR 10376 LAR17 16W qtz-bio at (from AR 17953) LARIB 5 0.2 .5WO 1 4.6 qtz-carb-mrp at (from AR 18303) LARI9 C5 -3.2 770 5 <5 3 18 19 5 day alt, Im-hem (from AR 18214) LAR20 10 0.4 300 72 20 10 25 shear zone (fromAR 18099) I* SR21 I,. ..I., 490 23 3 3i ra myveinlets. Im (from AR 18099) LAW2 5 0.3 71875 5 33 clay& at, arb. Im (from AR 18099) '1 _.,.,.-:"-L- IS" AD.D"\ LAR23 5 &I 5cin d 5 !e _.".".I.. _._\..".... ~..I.I"", LARz4 5 0.2 1310 40 1 11 10 19 4 fmm AR 9526 TABLE 16 LITHOGEOCHEMICAL LANALYSES. 920/1,2

SAM PLE A" A9 A" SAMPLE Hg AS Sb C" Pb 2" Ni Ma W NO . (ppb) (ppm) (ppb) (ppm) (ppb) NO. (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) DESCRIPTION(ppm)(ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) LAR25 1600 3 0.2 2 1 31 3 68 2 1 fromAR9526 LAR26 1950 3 0.2 5 1 22 3 50 5 3 framAR9526 LAW7 4 2 qncarbmrp aii (imm AR 888Mj Abbreviations: an = alteration. apy = arsenopyrite, AR= BCMEMPR Ases5mnt Repoit, bio = biotite. bx = breccia. cab = carbonate. ccp = chalmpyfie, cdy = chalcedony, cn = dnnabar, dis = disseminated, FP= feldspar porphyry. hem= hemafie. HFP = hornblende feldspar porphyry.Im ilimonite. mgs= magnesite, mrp = mariposb. pa = pymhotib. py = pyrite. e=quartz, sch = scheelite, sti = stibnite L87. L88 and L89 sampleswere collected bystaff af the B.C. Geaicgical Survey Branch, and analysesperformed by the Analytical Sciences Section. except gold whichwas analysed by Acme Analytical Laboratory Limited,Vanmuver. B.C. Analytical Techniques: Au by fire assay and atomic absorption speclmampy:Ag by standard fire assay (L87 and L88 samples) or by atomic absorption SpeCtmsMpy (L89 samples);As. Sb. Cu. Pb. Zn, Ni and Mo by atomic absorption speclmscopy:Hg by namelesscold vapour atomic absorption spectmsmpy. LAR data is fmm B.C. Ministry of Enemy. Mines and Petroleum Resourcesassessment reports. TABLE 17 STREAM SEDIMENT GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSES,920/1,2

nL ... SAMPLE A" .% Hg .&e._ Sb c; 7" 26 xi hi0 "I io aa NO. (ppb) (ppm) (ppb) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (PW) (ppm)

5791023 2 0.1 80 2 0.4 27 3 45 1 49 1 11 570 S793026 25 0.1 400 60 10 51 8 86 196 1 I 25 610 S793M7 4 0.1 370 6.5 1.5 40 1 76 445 1 1 36 700 S79 3028 2 S793028 0.1 moo 15 34.2 39 5 80 190 2 30 23 MO S793029 5 0.1 210 13 1.7 39 3 66 29 1 1 16 580 5793030 2 0.1 210 10 1.5 41 4 112 21 1 1 15 760 5793031 2 0.1 200 4 1.3 19 €4 37 1 1 13 490 S79 3032 2 S793032 0.1 150 3.5 0.8 32 61 76 1 1 15 530 5793033 3 0.1 200 12 1.9 86 78 1 74 1 1 20 550 s793034 8 0.1 990 11 1.9 95 80 180 2 1 20 560 s793035 2 0.1 120 2.5 1 38 78 99 1 1 21 620 5793036 2 0.1 110 5.5 1.6 29 115 36 2 1 16 610 S793M7 2 0.1 380 11 3 41 140 1 200 2 23 440 5793036 2 0.1 220 7 2.4 48 3 92 1 92 2 23 520 s793039 6 0.1 370 12 2.8 30 2 74 1 200 1 22 480 s793040 3 0.1 320 4.5 1.9 25 3 €4 1 42 1 14 600 S793042 2 0.1 250 7 2.3 22 3 €4 1 38 1 10 540 S793043 6 0.1 300 5 1.7 26 2 60 1 34 1 12 560 s793044 2 0.1 4w 5.5 1.5 29 3 68 1 72 1 15 540 5793046 62 0.1 900 17 0.9 44 5 132 39 2 1 18 480 s793047 2 0.1 80 11 0.3 15 1 33 1700 1 I 70 100 5793048 2 0.1 80 9.5 0.4 14 30 1 1650 1 66 110 s793049 7 0.1 110 33 2.4 21 34 1800 1 I 77 110 s793050 2 0.1 80 0.5 0.2 15 26 1 2050 1 66 100 S793051 2 0.1 2000 7 1.7 32 86 1 210 1 24 600 S793052 26 0.1 330 3.5 0.6 30 74 1 550 1 37 610 s793053 2 0.1 600 6.5 2.6 26 3 92 1 260 1 24 490 s793054 41 0.1 180 19 2.9 400 2 72 1 28 3 17 560 5793055 28 0.1 230 21 2.8 390 2 70 24 3 1 16 570 s793056 2 0.1 60 4 0.7 22 2 60 1 26 1 13 640 s793057 2 0.1 80 3 0.6 18 1 56 1 26 1 8 560 5793058 2 0.1 100 5 1.1 24 3 60 1 26 1 11 600 5793059 2 0.1 90 3.5 0.7 26 4 70 24 1 1 13 540 s793060 2 0.1 370 3 0.8 19 52 32 1 1 6 490 S79306 2 2 S793062 0.1 90 3.5 0.7 26 56 44 1 1 11 530 5793063 2 0.1 80 5 0.7 19 44 1500 1 1 63 240 5793064 2 5793064 0.1 60 3 0.7 20 49 1 67 1 I1 590 s793035 2 0.1 50 3.5 0.7 23 54 1 62 1 12 580 8793066 2 0.1 50 5 0.4 i5 28 1900 1 1 72 100 s793067 2 0.1 40 3 0.7 22 56 1 40 1 12 " "" 8793068 2 0.1 50 7.5 7a 1% % ?CC LI "I " s793069 12 0.1 40 5.5 0.4 32 34 2 1700 1 77 100 TABLE 17 STREAM SEDIMENT GEOCHEMICALANALYSES, 920/1,2

SAMPLE A" Ag Hg As Sb C" Pb Z" Ni MO W co Ba NO. (ppb) (ppm) (ppb) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)(ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm

5793070 15012 0.1 30 7 2.5 ~~ 3 158 215~ 3 7201 21 5793071 2 0.1 50 3 1.4 18 1 72 520 1 1 27 350 SiS30i2 2 5.i 65 2.5 0.6 iY 2 56 30 1 1 10 580 5793085 2 0.1 90 0.5 0.6 I9 2 48 37 1 1 14 560 5795333 3 0.1 50 3.5 0.3 14 1 30 1400 1 1 68 100 5795334 2 0.1 1400 5.5 1.3 24 3 62 115 1 1 16 420 5795335 4 0.1 470 7 I.6 39 2 68 525 1 1 37 370 5795336 2 0.1 1100 6.5 1.2 34 4 76 120 1 1 20 560 5795337 2 0.1 400 6 1.3 44 1 71 435 1 1 34 260 5795338 2 0.1 380 5 1.2 38 5 74 200 1 3 20 500 5795339 7 0.1 390 5.5 1.3 38 1 68 440 1 1 33 390 5795340 30 0.1 420 5 2.4 23 5 56 915 1 1 51 250 5795342 2 0.1 240 5.5 1.1 26 2 46 I100 1 1 57 130 5795343 4 0.1 200 I1 2.7 39 6 136 33 2 1 14 750 5795344 7 0.1 9200 31 3 42 5 67 75 1 1 18 360 5795345 2 0.1 230 14 2.3 43 6 135 21 3 1 14 870 5795347 4 0.1 260 7.5 1.2 27 3 83 58 2 1 17 540 5795348 9 0.1 1100 3.5 1.1 29 4 64 28 1 I 13 610 5795349 2 0.1 200 5 1.7 37 4 98 55 1 1 17 520 57953% 6 0.1 240 5.5 1.3 33 3 82 89 I 1 I6 450 5795351 3 0.1 330 3 1.4 29 4 88 58 1 1 18 490 5795352 3 0.1 200 5 1.6 29 4 93 67 1 1 17 530 5795353 2 0.1 310 4.5 1.4 24 3 78 64 1 1 15 520 5795354 11 0.1 180 6.5 1.4 26 4 84 69 1 1 16 460 5795355 2 0.1 60 4 0.6 61 2 75 57 1 1 19 KH) 5795356 0.1 1200 16 48 4 80 45 1 1 17 5795357 2 0.1 170 4 0.7 37 4 62 34 1 1 13 350 5795358 14 0.1 110 9.5 2.4 43 3 76 126 I 1 25 440 5795359 2 0.1 190 8 1.9 36 3 79 126 I 1 24 400 5795360 0.1 200 5 36 1 88 154 1 1 28 5795362 588 0.1 4M 16 1.7 48 4 78 82 1 1 18 560 5795363 8 0.1 240 7.5 2 33 3 71 93 1 1 19 470 5795364 2 0.1 160 5 0.9 27 4 68 49 1 I 16 450 5795365 2 0.1 110 2 0.7 17 3 48 20 2 1 9 550 5795386 2 0.1 100 2.5 0.7 24 3 55 25 1 1 10 430 5795367 3 0.1 130 5 0.7 23 4 63 33 1 1 I1 430 5795394 3 0.1 120 3.5 1.1 31 4 85 98 I 1 22 350 5795400 484 0.1 100 2.5 0.9 20 3 57 28 1 1 12 570 5795403 2 0.1 180 4 1 29 5 71 49 1 1 15 500 5795404 2 0.1 160 3 0.6 28 5 68 53 2 1 12 420 5795405 3 0.1 140 5.5 1.1 25 1 64 49 1 1 13 530 5795406 0.1 160 3 25 2 64 26 1 1 12 5795407 2 0.1 170 2.5 0.9 22 2 61 21 1 1 11 480 S7954M 2 0.1 100 1 0.4 25 3 60 17 I 1 13 490 5795409 2 0.1 60 3 0.6 30 2 67 16 1 1 12 610 ., ., n. e., ", ,, C" $?E-??! 2 ".? 2°C - -._ .=... -* I L ,I """ TABLE 17 STREAM SEDIMENT GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSES,920/1.2

SAMPLE Au Ag Hg As Sb cu Pb Zn Ni MO W CO Ba NO. (ppb) (ppm) (ppb) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)(ppm) (ppm) (ppml (ppm) (ppm 1 5795476115 270 16 0.1 9.2 70 9 17 162 1 24 3 790 5 3 11 71 2 1 16 57954771 19 2 0.1 13.871500 215 11 53 120 540 Ian s7sE.47e 3 0.: I.," S 3 43 4 266 54 2 i id 820 5795479 2 0.1 250 379.5 1.8 18 2 129 1 1 15 440 579548 2 2 5795482 0.1 170 8.5 1.5 12341 3 610 16 13 2 1 5795483 6 0.1 110 40 9 1.2 100 1 14 1 1 17 330 5795484 10 0.1 100 50 3.9 41 8 96 1 15 1 13 $50 5795485 120 2 0.1 10 2.8 30 1 65 1 7 1 290 11 5795 486 2 5795486 0.1 160 2 0.7 82 e4 4 1 44 1 20 IC00 5795 548 2 5795548 0.1 100 11 1.4 54 4 131 22 1 1 15 640 s795553 120 0.1 90 13 1 42 9 87 1 28 1 1103 15 5795551 2 84 11 0.1 8 100 40 1 26 I I 15 900 3 0.1 100 5795552 0.1 3 10 1.5 50 8 120 26 2 1 18 640 5795 553 3 5795553 170.1 110 3.5 54 6 186 24 3 1 16 710 0.1 100 10 1.4 s79555410 100 2 0.1 2 46 27 5 118 6701 16 57955 55 3 0.1 120 0.1 3 5795555 6 38 1.2 72 32 3 520 12 1 1 5795556 250 2 0.1 0.7 2.5 3 23 66 30 1 1 510 12 5795 557 3 5795557 0.1 290 284.5 1 4 77 30 1 1 I! 520 5795 558 4 5795558 480 0.1 42 12 2.2 4 62 40 17 1 1 480 s795559 2 0.1 170 15 1.5 56 5 85 1 29 1 14 510 57955M 1 40 57955M111 930 0.1 2.7 76 122 3 16 1 60 2 460 5795562 120 2 0.1 13 1.3 50 32 8 13 92 1 1 770 579556311 130 2 0.1 1.3 44 7 99 1 46 1 17 580 5795 571 2 5795571 0.1 270 5 0.6 23 114 54 1 24 1 700 5795572 2 0.1 60 1 6 0.5 1 36 17 1 62 14 300 5795 573 2 5795573 0.1 80 3.5 0.4 37 2 60 1 21 1 14 MO 5795574 2 42 0.1 0.3 60 2.5 1 66 1 22 2 470 16 579 5633 2 5795633 0.1 60 2 0.5 23 31 2 15 61 1 1 700

Data for most elements are from Regional Geochemical Survey BCRGS-3,1979: Ag. Cu, Pb. Zn. Ni. Mo and Co by atomic absorption spectroswpy; Hg by Rameless cold vapouratomic absorption spectroscopy;AS by hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy;W by wlourimetric determinationafler pyrosulfate fusion and a dithiolcarbonate complexing. Au. Sb and Ba data extracted from Regional Geochemical Survey BCRGS-35,1993, which re-analysed sediment pulps saved from the1979 program using instrumental neutron activation. TABLE 18 MOSS MAT GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSES,920/1,2

SAMPLE Au As Hg AS Sb cu Pb Z" Ni MO W Cr R NO. (ppb) (wm) (ppb) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppml (ppml (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppml (PPb)

M8 801 2 0.1 140 9 2 9 140 0.1 2 M8801 1 2 21 14758 9 18 2 M8802 4 0.1 170 7810 3 53217 91 6 2821 1 M88W 230004 0.1 14 15 28 11 54 2 148 78 1 6 M880 4 3 0.1 3 M8804 1moo 7 2 2 76 39 27 19 198 90 M88 05 1 M8805 0.1 880 7 2 28 12 1 71 62 1 66 2 M8 806 113 0.1 6200 0.1 113 M8806 9 2 29 2 4615 57 70 1 1 M8807 2 0.1 404 6 2 31 13 79 49 1 1 47 2 PA8808 8 0.1 260 13 2 40 41 7 83 351 2 1 M88W 8 0.3 160 21 2 45 17 82 49 1 3 47 1 M881035 18010 0.1 3 87 8 95 50 1 6 53 1 M8811 18 0.2 2 430 15 178 7 91 1 56 2 63 1 M8 812 15 M8812 130 0.1 1 59 37 2 16752 9 1 442 I" !.?e813 4203 9.1 iv 2 43 14 8s 248 42 14s 1 M8 814 1 M8814 0.1 2303 53 2 1 2 361 12 89 2 241 M8815 2 0.1 280 6 2 48 387 12 103 3 1651 1 M8816 5503 0.2 9 2 69 13 96 564 2911 1 8 M8817 3 15 0.2 820 3 52 5 82 684 1 2 1 265 M8818 1 0.1 73600 10 2 35 9 72e4 1 1 1130 2 M88 19 2 0.2 290 0.2 2 M8819 13 2 39 1 13 153 35 1 29 1 M8820 1 0.2 90 4112 1 2 24 1 13 11 74 26 M8821 12034 0.1 11 2 44 2 4616 38125 1 1 M8 822 1 M8822 31 220 0.2 2 43 15 136 25 1 1 17 1 M8823 40 0.1 80 14 2 31 31 12 116 321 1 1 M 8824 1 0.1 1 M8824 50 35 7 3 19 1 92 33 1 40 1 M8 825 1 0.4 1 M8825 40 9 2 39 11 100 31 1 1 361 M8 826 129 M8826 0.3 50 9 3 45 32 3 14 1 72 41 1 M8827 1 0.3 60 10 2 26 2 11 1 e4 48 47 1 M8828 2 0.4 50 12 2 32 16 73 3 63 1 58 1 M8829 1 0.3 40 3312 2 13 68 76 1 2 66 1 M883 7 0.5 70 15 4 43 2417 1 80 1 3 63 1 M8 831 4 M8831 1900 0.2 11 2 143 21414 97 1 1 160 M8832 5 0.5 780 8 2 413 14 1 87 514 2 465 M8833 21 0.9 709 17 2 299 1 2 77 39 441

Samples were mlleded by staff ofthe B.C. Geological Survey Branch. and analyses performed by ~cmeAnalytical Laboratory LM., VBIIIMUVBT, B.C. AU and R by fire awyand mass SpechMXIPy: A$ As. Sb. Cu. Pb, 2% Ni, Mo, Wand Cr by ICP wdmsmpy; Hg by flameless mld vapaur atomic absorption spectmscopy. APPENDIX 12

Mineral Occurrences,Lithogewhemistry and Regional Stream Geochemistry of the Warner Pass Map Area

__ 282 GeologicalSurvey Bwnch

TABLE 19 MlNFlLE OCCURRENCES, 92013

DE POS IT DEPOSIT COMMODITIES DOMINANT COMMODITIESMlNFlLE NAMEDEPOSIT DEPOSIT HOST STATUS PRODLICT!ON [P! .",..~~R ,.Vl"l I ,re Cni\KACiERROCKS MINERALS MET. RESERVES (R)

920401 Mohawk StOckwOrk. Cu. Au. As: CCP, PY; mo biotite granOdiorite Prospect breccia Mo

920-003 Copper stockwork. veins. Cu. As. Mo; CCP: PY. bn. hornblende biotite PWSped Mountain breccia Zn.Pb mo, SP. gn granodiorite 920-004 Spokane veins, stockwork Cu. Au. As; CCP. w. PY; biotite hornblende Prospect W sch granodiorite

920-005 Battlement surflcial Fe Im alluvium Pmsped (R) 12 000 1: Creek 49% Fe

920406 Rae Creek surflcial Fe im alluvium Prosped (R) 98001: 49% Fe

920-007 Feo Creek surflcial Fe Im Prosped (R) 15 900 1: 48% Fe

920408 Denain Creek surficial Fe Im Prosped (R) 20 WCt 47% Fe

920409 Forrest surficial Fe Im alluvium Prospect (R) 74 ooa 1: 45% Fe

920-010 Limonite surflcial Fe Im alluvium Pmsped (R) 348 OW 1: 45% Fe

920-011 Chilmtin SUrfiCkl FE Im alluvium Prospect (R) H4OW 1: 49% Fe

920424 BJB stockwwk. Cu: Mo ccp; mo andesite. volcanic Showing veins [SP. gnl breccia andtuff 920-025 Rowboltom disseminations, Cu; Mo ccp: ma hombhdequartzdiorite, prospect fracture fillings quarb feldspar porphyly dikes

920628 Taylor- tourmaline and Au. Ag PY. ten, ccp; dacitic and andesitic Past (P) 14525 g Au Windfall sulphide-rich veins SP, gn. tet. tuff Producer lM!JAg eng. native Au

eluvial Au detrital eluvium Past (P) 3484 g placer natile Au Producer gold (total metal!

920429 Phair veinlets in cu; As PY. ccp hornblende bidie Showing shearzone gradlte

920433 Empress disseminations. Cu: AU PY. ccp: andesitic flows. Showing (R)IOW4OWt fracture:.,... coatings. mo. bn volcanic breaia and biif 0.61% Cu ."..,," 0.789 sn AU TABLE 19 MlNFlLE OCCURRENCES, 92013

MiNFlLE NAME STATUSDEPOSIT HOSTDEPOSIT DOMiNANT COMMODITIES PRODUCTION (P) NUMBER TYPE CHARACTER MET.MINERALS ROCKS RESERVES (R)

920634 Taylor stockwork, Cu. MO quartz diorite Showing Mountain disseminations

920435 Westside stockwork. cu hornblende biotiie Showing disseminations quartzdiorite

920-036 Canyon stockwork. C" hornblende biotite Showing disseminations quartzdiorite

920.037 TOP disseminations Mo. Cu. Au pegmatite dike in Showing granodiorite

920038 BWrW stodiwork Cu. Mo: porphyritic quartz Showing (R) 4 990 WO 1: AU. As diorite 0.35% C"

920639 Bur StOdiwOrk cu: Ma grano

920463 Teek disseminations C" gamdiorite Showing 92-7 Massena vein Au porphyritic dike. Showing quartz diorite

920670 Grab disseminations. C" quartz eye rhyolite. andesite. Showing veinlets diorite: argiliiie. sandstone. conglomerate

920-075 Warner vein, stockwork As; Cu. andesiteflows Showing Creak Zn, AU

920076 Task0 Polymetallic veins, stockwork Au. Ag. andeiiic brecda, Showing Mountain veins Cu. Zn lapilli tuff. andesiteto basalt Rows

920-W4 BK veins. Ag. Zn. Pb andesitic agglomerate Showing disseminations

920695 Porphyw veins. Cu: Ag. Au feldspar hornblende Showing disseminations porphyry. agglomerate

92MS7 Big Creek Polvmetailic veins, stockwork Au, Ag. Zn; SD.. aDv: . .. andesitic tuff and breccia Showing veins disseminations veins cu CCP. PY

Abbreviations: apy = swnopyrite, bn = bamite. cq, = chaiqyrite. cn = cinnabar. N = wvellte. eng = enargite. gn = galena, Im = limonite, rno = molybdenite. pa = pmotite. py = pyrite. sch =Scheelite. sp = sphalerite. sti = stibnite, ten = tennanfne, let = tetrahedrite TABLE 20 MINOR MINERAL OCCURRENCES, 920/3

OCCURRENCE DESCRIPTION REFERENCES NO. 1 2w .A0 - .<,

6 CCD.~~ , . an_. SO.~ .AR .. . -S1S.9 .- 7 SP AR 5159 8 cy, AR 5159 9 ccp, az, mo AR 5159 10 cy, AR 5159 11 cy, AR 5159 12 gn, SP (410 ppbAu; 3000 ppm As: 10 ppm Sb) AR8890.10089 13 Ccp AR 3850 14 mo AR 3850 15 16 mo AR 3850 ccp. mo AR 3850 17 ccp. mo AR 3850 18 Ccp AR 3850 19 ccp AR 3850 20 Ccp AR 3850 21 cy, AR 3850 22 cy, AR 3850 23 cy,, mal AR 3850 24 cy, AR 3850 25 cy,. mal AR 3850 26 cy, AR 3850 27 cy,, mo AR 3850 28 apy. sp. ccp (20cm wide quartz vein: 180 ppb Au: 83.0 ppmAg; AR10191 7.4 730 DDm 2600 Cu:1200 oom Znl ..Dum HO:-. .. AS: ~ oom,. . .. ~~, 29 mo .AR .. 3850. . . . 30 ccp. bn AR 9753 31 gn. SP. apy AR 9753 32 Ccp AR 19466 33 bog Im ECMMAR (1920) p.166 34 ccp. mal AR 9550 35 Ccp AR 17358 35 mal. az AR 17358 37 s~.mai.let~535ppbAu:15.8ppmAg:1916ppmCu:138ppmZn) AR 13742 38 mal AR 17358 39 mal iI45ppbAu: 1.7ppmAg:2.5ppmUg: AR 13742 281 ppm Cu: 359 ppm Pb, 1326 ppmZn) 40 ma5 SP. bn ( sse L86026, L86027. and L86028 for assays) 41 ccp. mal. az (see La840 for assay ) 42 ccp. mo PF 920424 43 mo PF 920-024

44 mo .PF . 920474". " . 45 mo PF B20474 TABLE 21 LITHOGEOCHEMICALANALYSES, 97.0/3

SAMPLE AU As Hg As Sb cu Pb zn Ni Mo DESCRIPTLON NO. (ppb) wpm) (ppb) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)(ppm) (ppm)

Law01 c20 40 c20 Q5 34 10 54 10 clay an L86002 <20 40 30 Q5 3 15 33 e3 QFP .ser all Le6003 <20 do c20 05 31 15 3s 8 L88004 <20 c10 44 Q5 81 62 20 28 qtz an L86005 QO 40 50 Q5 19 11 11 3 clay an L86006 <20 4.3 20 40

SAMPLE A" AS Sb C" Ni Mo DESCRlPTlON NO. (ppb) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (pp m)

L86048 <20~~ .. <25 c5 87 40 c3 diss py L86049 <20 129 C25 c5 95 ._ 40 c3 diss py L86050 C20 40 526 c25 <5 46 110 5 chi-pall 36953 C20 40 3140 <25 c5 46 10 86 c3 chl-pall L86052 c20 40 41 <25 c5 35 c3 12 clay an

L86053 e20 40 29 c25 4 36 10 <3 QFP ~ Y~Tan L86054 c20 40 2010 76 162 7 200 103 qtz-lm all LW55 c20 26 239 72 6 34 189 210 stz an L86056 C20 e10 24 c25 c5 23 c3 49 str an L86057 <20 40 40 c25 c5 37 81 17 an L86058 C20 dl0 c20 28 c5 140 _. 32 c3 qtz-py an L86059 C20 dl0 63 34 c5 23 5 19 <3 c3 qtz+er-taur an Le6060 C20 dl0 21 35 c5 6 16 R 8 3 qtz an La6061 <20 40 43 Q5 c5 31 7 c3 carb an L86062 e20 40 184 c25 c5 180 14 4 clay an L86063 e20 40 169 e5 c5 23 15 <3 clay an L86064 C20 40 <20 c25 <5 6 .. _. 11 10 qb-w at LE6065 <20 '1 0 QO <25 s5 107 13 60 39 10 qban L8W6 22 40 56 e5 <5 23 13 51 c3 12 QFP - day alt L86067 27 40 50 -25 c5 14 40 22 <3 9 QFP - day alt L8%C%B 22 GG is3 135 c5 32587 50 30 <3 QFP - Im an Lam9 42 40 83 0.12% c5 43 40 550 32 5 man L86070 34 40 193 72 <5 61 14 128." 58 c3 py vein La6071

SAMPLE AU As Hg AS Sb cu Pb zn Ni MO DESCRlPTiON (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) NO. (ppm)(ppm) (ppb)(ppm) (ppm) (ppb)(ppm) (ppm) (ppm) L86100 7w20 40 eo <3 40 4 4 0 5 qtz act: PY L86101 21 40 2120 <20 133 4 c3 0 6 qtzclay alt La610240 46 26 <20 40 18 17 80 0 7 clay an: py i86i03 <$6 40 c20 <20 40 15 10 39 0 2 an clay L8 6104 17 L86104 10 8w c20 20 82 21 429 0 py 2 ait: sar L86105 Cl6

L86112 12921 c0.3 40 c5 14 40 44 0 <5 QFP ~ arb an L86113 <20 167c0.3 30 125 c5 90 -40 0 <5 L86114 c0.3 L86114 26 68 c5 95 -40 61 0 7 ser at La6115 <20c20 c0.3 135 66 14 15 40 18 0 e5 sran L86116 eo 4.3 28 40 c5 148 dO 70 0 <5 diss py L86117 a.3 220 40 c5 112 -30 30 0 <5 saran L86118 eo<20 a3 c20 40 c5 191

SAMPLE (1, A" 44 As Pb -.7- . Ni .._l.," "I co Ba NO. (ppb) (ppm) (ppb) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (PPrn) S793124 26~~ 01.. . 330 Y"-- 414 36 2 16 4 650 S793125 31 0.1 270 20 12 153 53 2 3 770 S793126 5 0.1 220 10 4 80 1 17 1 510 13 S7931TI 2 0.1 210 11 5 62 17 1 1 13 520 S793128 2 0.1 150 8 2 46 15 1 1 11 420 S793129 2 0.1 90 2 1 30 1 11 1 8 420 S793133 7 0.2 160 26 50 78 6 2 4 7 680 S793134 13 1 190 2.5 3 ea 9 80 45 7 810 S793135 39 I 130 65 85 91 8 1 1 9 770 S793136 706 0.6 90 28 102 62 2 9 3 9 650 5793137 1.2 100 47 44 80720 IO 9 4 9 S793138 3 0.1 270 12 3 33 12 3 2 18 880 5795194 0.1 60 I8 16 34 124 I 1 6 S795195 16 0.1 60 10 51 11 4 1 I 4 950 S795196 14 0.6 120 30 1423 108 7 1 1 600 S795197 2 0.1 90 12 8 77 30 I I :2 e10 S795198 2 0.1 60.. 17 27 9 73 1 1 11 750 S795199 2 0.1 80 18 7 e6 34 1 1 15 520 S795200 2 0.1 50 3.5 1 49 1 21 1 11 450 S795202 0.2 110 80 7 65 4 22 1 13 S795203 2 0.1 60 15 113 72 2 23 1 4w 5795277 25 0.1 40 13 4 2 24 15 1 9 550 5795278 4 0.1 70 14 2 20 7 4 1 3 480 5795279 2 0.1 70 7.5 4 59 15 1 4801 9 S795280 3 0.1 80 12 9 70 21 1 1 13 450 S795282 4 0.1 13 80 9 25 1 24 26 119 590 S795283 2 0.1 70 4.5 8 84 1 24 1 13 450 S795284 8 0.1 160 17 69 11 13 1 1 17 410 S795285 3 0.1 80 5 2 18 8 6 13 7 880 S795286 7 0.1 90 9.5 78 17 23 4 1 I8 720 S795287 2 0.1 80 5 2 10 6 5 14 5 830 S795288 30 0.4 90 13 21 92 26 6 5 19 670 S795289 2 0.1 60 12 9 40 12 3 6 8 530 S795290 2 0.1 60 I1 8 39 10 4 5 8 850 S795291 3 0.2 110 17 18 69 14 720 15 6 3 S795292 2 0.1 60 3 8 34 14 2 1 8 830 S795294 2 0.1 70 1.5 1 22 8 2 1 5 730 S795295 2 0.1 60 3 3 34 15 1 5 9 620 S795296 2 0.1 70 1.5 24 7 8 1 1 5 410 S795297 4 0.2 90 18 6 46 22 27 80 14 820 S795298 2 0.1 60 1.5 7 2 16 1 1 5 890 S795388 2 0.1 70 41 147 28 50 2 1 25 450 S795389 2 0.1 80 25 15 122 36 1 1 16 570 s795390 2 0.1 70 5 8 66 35 1 430 1 12 s795393 2 0.i 1150 8 5 96 71 1 1 18 520 s795484 22 0.1 70 3 1 12 6 4 4 8 820 S795465 20 0.1 " " - ". 70 3 ! 12 " " - OL" s795466 2 0.1 380 18 3 57 24 1 3 17 740 TABLE 22 STREAM SEDIMENT GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSES,920/3

SAMPLE AU As Hg As Sb cu Pb Zn Ni Mo W CO Ba N O. (ppb) NO. (epb) (ppm) (PPI) (ppm)(ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)(ppm) (ppm) (PPI

S795467~ ~~ . .2 0.1 60~~ 0.5 1 17 1 1fi.- 1 5 1 6 780. .. S795468 2 0.1 70 1 0.9 23 1 22 13 1 1 7 850 s195469 2 0.1 60 1 0.9 20 1 23 8 1 1 1 780 s7%.i7il s7%.i7il ~ ~.~. h 0.1 360 17 4.7 48 6 65 27 1 1 17 580 S 195471 2 S195471 0.2 190 28 8.7 52 15 80 31 2 1 23 610 S 795472 230 S795472 0.1 120 11 5.3 IO0 48 280 22 4 1 16 540 s795473 2 0.1 110 3 1 54 13 88 34 1 1 16 640 s795474 2 0.1 370 4.5 1.2 42 5 68 38 1 1 16 840 s795475 2 0.1 120 6 1.1 40 4 70 26 1 1 13 610 S795487 2 0.1 480 14 1.8 3.3 6 90 26 1 1 15 540 5795488 4 0.1 110 32 3.3 41 2 106 17 3 1 14 340 S795489 2 0.1 270 8.5 1.2 59 7 109 53 1 1 21 690 s795490 9 0.1 70 39 3.1 61 10 1 74 26 5 1 20 480 S795491 3 0.1 160 13 I.4 59 7 98 44 1 1 21 540 S795492 25 0.1 100 22 3 66 8 255 30 6 1 17 560 s795493 2 0.1 300 80 10.2 60 11 112 48 3 1 22 590 5 795494 2 5795494 0.1 310 85 11.1 57 9 112 47 2 1 22 610 s795495 4 0.1 100 70 3.8 60 11 94 29 1 1 20 650 s795497 5 s795497 0.1 100 15 4.9 59 6 270 25 5 1 15 1200 S795498 7 S795498 0.1 130 95 10.6 46 19 133 24 1 1 17 640 ,- S795492 58 0.: 56 49 IO.'- I12 36 92 18 1 5 15 610 5795500 3 0.1 100 18 10 62 8 54 16 3 1 11 630 s795502 41 0.1 110 25 17.2 78 17 164 36 3 1 35 370 s795503 17 0.1 90 13 6.4 45 13 34 9 5 1 10 563 s795504 2 0.1 80 8.5 1.5 31 6 a3 34 1 1 16 570 5795505 2 0.1 50 22 3.1 29 7 61 38 1 1 16 490 S795506 2 0.1 70 I1 2 25 6 69 34 1 1 14 4M) s795507 12 0.1 70 11 2 23 6 73 35 1 1 15 440 S795508 8 0.1 80 17 1.9 23 8 72 33 1 1 15 450 S79551 8 2 S795518 0.1 150 12 2.1 35 5 80 34 1 1 15 610 S79551 9 2 S795519 0.1 100 8 3 25 4 76 ea 1 1 19 380 S79552 0 5 S795520 0.1 120 19 2.5 48 9 118 19 1 1 14 470 s795522 3 0.1 160 I1 2.3 26 5 15 24 1 1 11 440 s79552 3 2 s795523 0.1 80 15 2.5 26 7 83 32 I 1 14 570 s79552 4 2 s795524 0.1 150 17 1.5 53 8 105 16 1 1 16 470 s795525 10 0.1 100 31 4.5 62 8 118 16 1 1 16 490 S795 526 2 S795526 0.1 90 3 1.6 23 6 54 30 1 1 11 450 57955 27 2 5795527 0.1 170 8 1.5 36 4 87 61 1 1 18 520 s79556 4 3 s795564 0.1 90 6 0.8 42 3 93 35 1 1 17 690 579556 5 2 5795565 0.1 270 a 1.5 31 2 113 32 1 1 12 770 S7955 66 3 0.1 110 0.1 3 92 S795566 42 1.2 12 _I 50 570 20

Data for most elements arefrom Regional Geahemical Survey BC RGS-3.1979: Ag, Cu. Pb. Zn. Ni. Mo and Co by atomic absorptionsPectr0yX)py: Hg by flameless mld vapour atomic absorptionspertmsmpy: As by hydride generation atomic absorptionspedmsmpy: W by colourimetricdetermination affer pymsuifate fusion and a dithiolcarbanale mmpiexing. Au, Sb and Ba data extracted from Regional GeochemicalSurvey BC RGS95.1993. which re-analysed sedimentpulps saved from the 1979 program using instrumental neutron activation. " 292 Geological Survey Branch