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Late Prehistoric Cultural Horizons on the Canadian Plateau
LATE PREHISTORIC CULTURAL HORIZONS ON THE CANADIAN PLATEAU Department of Archaeology Thomas H. Richards Simon Fraser University Michael K. Rousseau Publication Number 16 1987 Archaeology Press Simon Fraser University Burnaby, B.C. PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Roy L. Carlson (Chairman) Knut R. Fladmark Brian Hayden Philip M. Hobler Jack D. Nance Erie Nelson All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISBN 0-86491-077-0 PRINTED IN CANADA The Department of Archaeology publishes papers and monographs which relate to its teaching and research interests. Communications concerning publications should be directed to the Chairman of the Publications Committee. © Copyright 1987 Department of Archaeology Simon Fraser University Late Prehistoric Cultural Horizons on the Canadian Plateau by Thomas H. Richards and Michael K. Rousseau Department of Archaeology Simon Fraser University Publication Number 16 1987 Burnaby, British Columbia We respectfully dedicate this volume to the memory of CHARLES E. BORDEN (1905-1978) the father of British Columbia archaeology. 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements.................................................................................................................................vii List of Figures.....................................................................................................................................iv -
Pleistocene Volcanism in the Anahim Volcanic Belt, West-Central British Columbia
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2014-10-24 A Second North American Hot-spot: Pleistocene Volcanism in the Anahim Volcanic Belt, west-central British Columbia Kuehn, Christian Kuehn, C. (2014). A Second North American Hot-spot: Pleistocene Volcanism in the Anahim Volcanic Belt, west-central British Columbia (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/25002 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/1936 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY A Second North American Hot-spot: Pleistocene Volcanism in the Anahim Volcanic Belt, west-central British Columbia by Christian Kuehn A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS CALGARY, ALBERTA OCTOBER, 2014 © Christian Kuehn 2014 Abstract Alkaline and peralkaline magmatism occurred along the Anahim Volcanic Belt (AVB), a 330 km long linear feature in west-central British Columbia. The belt includes three felsic shield volcanoes, the Rainbow, Ilgachuz and Itcha ranges as its most notable features, as well as regionally extensive cone fields, lava flows, dyke swarms and a pluton. Volcanic activity took place periodically from the Late Miocene to the Holocene. -
Eocene Paleo-Physiography and Drainage Directions, Southern Interior Plateau, British Columbia1
215 Eocene paleo-physiography and drainage directions, southern Interior Plateau, British Columbia1 Selina Tribe Abstract: A map of reconstructed Eocene physiography and drainage directions is presented for the southern Interior Plateau region, British Columbia south of 53°N. Eocene landforms are inferred from the distribution and depositional paleoenvironment of Eocene rocks and from crosscutting relationships between regional-scale geomorphology and bedrock geology of known age. Eocene drainage directions are inferred from physiography, relief, and base level elevations of the sub-Eocene unconformity and the documented distribution, provenance, and paleocurrents of early Cenozoic fluvial sediments. The Eocene landscape of the southern Interior Plateau resembled its modern counterpart, with highlands, plains, and deeply incised drainages, except regional drainage was to the north. An anabranching valley system trending west and northwest from Quesnel and Shuswap Highlands, across the Cariboo Plateau to the Fraser River valley, contained north-flowing streams from Eocene to early Quaternary time. Other valleys dating back at least to Middle Eocene time include the North Thompson valley south of Clearwater, Thompson valley from Kamloops to Spences Bridge, the valley containing Nicola Lake, Bridge River valley, and Okanagan Lake valley. During the early Cenozoic, highlands existed where the Coast Mountains are today. Southward drainage along the modern Fraser, Chilcotin, and Thompson River valleys was established after the Late Miocene. Résumé : Cet article présente une carte reconstituée de la géographie physique et des directions de drainage, à l’Éocène, pour la région du plateau intérieur de la Colombie-Britannique, au sud du 53e parallèle Nord. Les formes de terrain à l’Éocène sont déduites de la distribution et du paléoenvironnement de déposition des roches de l’Éocène et à partir de relations de recoupement entre la géomorphologie à l’échelle régionale et la géologie du socle, d’âge connu. -
PRELIMINARY CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT of the RAINSHADOW WILD HORSE ECOSYSTEM, Brittany Triangle, Chilcotin, British Columbia, Canada
PRELIMINARY CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT of the RAINSHADOW WILD HORSE ECOSYSTEM, Brittany Triangle, Chilcotin, British Columbia, Canada. A review of GRIZZLY AND BLACK BEARS, OTHER WILDLIFE, FERAL HORSES & WILD SALMON March, 2002 By Wayne McCrory, RPBio. Submitted to McCrory Wildlife Services Ltd. Friends of the Nemaiah Valley PO Box 479, New Denver, BC, V0G 1S0, Canada 1010 Foul Bay Road Victoria, BC V8S 4J1 Ph: 250-358-7796; E-mail: [email protected] 250 592-1088 www.fonv.ca [email protected] i With thanks to the Xeni Gwet’in First Nation for welcoming us on to their traditional territory to carry out this research Xeni Gwet’in Chief Roger William on trail in Brittany Triangle in September, 2001 Suggested Citation: McCrory, W.P. 2002. Preliminary conservation assessment of the Rainshadow Wild Horse Ecosystem, Brittany Triangle, Chilcotin, British Columbia, Canada. A review of grizzly and black bears, other wildlife, wild horses, and wild salmon. Report for Friends of Nemaiah Valley (FONV), 1010 Foul Bay Road, Victoria, B.C. V8S 4J1. [Copies available from FONV at cost. For more information see: http://www.fonv.ca. Copying and distribution of this report are encouraged. Readers are welcome to cite this report but are requested that citations and references be acknowledged and placed in context]. ii One of two wild horse herds studied in Nuntsi Provincial Park in 2001. Hundreds of these small and large meadows are scattered throughout the pine forests of the Brittany Triangle, providing important habitats for wild horses, grizzly and black bears, and other wildlife from spring to fall. Over the long Chilcotin winter, the horses survive on grasses and sedges in these meadow areas as well as pine grass in the adjacent forests. -
RECONNAISSANCE TILL GEOCHEMISTRY on the CHILCOTZN PLATEAU (92015 and 12) by A
RECONNAISSANCE TILL GEOCHEMISTRY ON THE CHILCOTZN PLATEAU (92015 AND 12) By A. Plouffe, Geological Survey of Canada Geolonical Survey of Canada Contribution 22495 KEYWORDS: Drift prospecting, applied geochemistry, analyses of till and glaciofluvial samples. The objectives mineral exploration, ice-flow direction, till, glaciofluvial of this report are to summarize the ice-flow history, to sediments, dispersal train, porphyry copper-gold. elaborate on the interpretations of geochemical anomalies in till, and relate geochemical data for till to geophysical INTRODUCTION andbiogeochemical data obtained from other studies. New geochemical data for till samples fromthe NewtonHill area As part of the Canada - British Columbia Agreement are also presented. on Mineral Development (1991-1995). a reconnaissance surficial sediment sampling program was carried out in 1992 and 1993 over the Chilcotin Plateau, in west-central LOCATION AND PHYSIOGRAPHY British Columbia (Figure 1). The survey was designed for two purposes: to test the potential of drift prospecting for The study area covers two 150 000-scale NTS map detecting mineralization, and to determine background sheets : 92015 and 0112 (Mount Tatlow and Elkin Creek, metal concentrations in surlicial sediments. A total of 118 respectively) and extends over the southern part of a third till and 26 glaciofluvial sediment samples were collected map 920113 which covers the Newton Hill area (Figures 1 during this survey (Figure 2). and 2). The southwestern part of the study area lies in the The Chilcotin Plateau was selected for investigation because it hosts several important deposits such as the Fish Lake porphyry copper-gold deposit. It is characterized by an extensive cover of unconsolidated sediments which inhibit the use of conventional exploration methods and glacial ice-flow history in the areais uncomplicated (Figure 3). -
The Prehistoric Use of Nephrite on the British Columbia Plateau
The Prehistoric Use of Nephrite on the British Columbia Plateau John Darwent Archaeology Press Simon Fraser University 1998 The Prehistoric Use of Nephrite on the British Columbia Plateau By John Darwent Archaeology Press Simon Fraser University 1998 c. Archaeology Press 1998 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, without prior written consent of the publisher. Printed and bound in Canada ISBN 0-86491-189-0 Publication No. 25 Archaeology Press Department of Archaeology Simon Fraser University Burnaby, B.C. V5A 1S6 (604)291-3135 Fax: (604) 291-5666 Editor: Roy L. Carlson Cover: Nephrite celts from near Lillooet, B.C. SFU Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology Cat nos. 2750 and 2748 Table of Contents Acknowledgments v List of Tables vi List of Figures vii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Types of Data 2 Ethnographic Information 2 Experimental Reconstruction 2 Context and Distribution 3 Artifact Observations 3 Analog Information 4 The Study Area . 4 Report Organization 4 2 Nephrite 6 Chemical and Physical Properties of Nephrite 6 Sources in the Pacific Northwest 6 Nephrite Sources in British Columbia 6 The Lillooet Segment 7 Omineca Segment 7 Cassiar Segment 7 Yukon and Alaska Nephrite Sources 8 Washington State and Oregon Nephrite Sources 8 Wyoming Nephrite Sources 9 Prehistoric Source Usage 9 Alternate Materials to Nephrite 10 Serpentine 10 Greenstone 10 Jadeite 10 Vesuvianite 10 3 Ethnographic and Archaeological Background of Nephrite Use 11 Ethnolinguistic Groups in the Study Area 11 Plateau Lifestyle 11 Cultural Complexity on the Plateau 11 Ethnographic Use of Nephrite . -
Using Leaf Margin Analysis to Estimate the Mid-Cretaceous (Albian) Paleolatitude of the Baja BC Block ⁎ Ian M
Supplemental materials are included at the end of this pdf. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 245 (2006) 95–114 www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl Using leaf margin analysis to estimate the mid-Cretaceous (Albian) paleolatitude of the Baja BC block ⁎ Ian M. Miller , Mark T. Brandon, Leo J. Hickey Yale University, Department of Geology and Geophysics, P.O. Box 208109, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA Received 25 December 2004; received in revised form 1 February 2006; accepted 14 February 2006 Available online 19 April 2006 Editor: E. Boyle Abstract The “Baja BC hypothesis”, which postulates that western Washington State, British Columbia and southern Alaska originated at the latitude of Mexico, has pitted paleomagnetic results against long-held interpretations about the tectonic evolution of western North America. In this paper we develop a new paleobotanical method for estimating paleolatitude and apply it to this problem. We start by showing that the modern MAT field for North America is well correlated with latitude, demonstrating the feasibility of using MAT to estimate paleolatitude. A compilation of MAT and floral data from 84 modern sites in Central and North America is used to establish a new prediction relationship, MAT=1.32+28.99P, where P is the proportion of smooth-margined species within a floral sample at a site. Our analysis also includes a more complete estimate of the uncertainties associated with estimating MAT from a measurement of P. Using modern data, we show that MAT and P can be used to estimate latitude as well. We then apply this approach to resolve the paleolatitude of Baja BC. -
Xwísten COMMUNITY PROFILE
XWÍSTEN COMMUNITY PROFILE MAY 2013 ISSUE #1 • FEBRUARY 2013 Xwísten The smiling people NXwísten The foamy waters after the rapids II Contents INTRODUCTION . 1. What is Xwísten’s Community Profile? 1 What is the Xwísten Comprehensive Community Plan? 2 OUR PEOPLE AND CULTURE . 5. History 5 Culture and Language 7 Population and Demographics 8 OUR COMMUNITY . 11. Education 11 Health and Wellness 14 Housing 17 Safety and Security 21 Social Development and Elders 23 GOVERNANCE AND ADMINISTRATION . .25 Elected Leadership 25 Band Administration 25 Xwísten Organization 26 OUR ECONOMY . .29 . Employment and Jobs 29 Economic Development Initiatives 30 OUR LAND AND RESOURCES . .33 . Our Lands 33 Land and Resource Management 34 APPENDIX. 37 Additional Details on Educational Programming 37 Xwísten Community Profile III IV Introduction Introduction What is Xwísten’s Community Profile? This Community Profile provides a ‘snap shot’ of current conditions in our community. It is meant to provide a starting point for preparing the Xwísten Comprehensive Community Plan. In addition to looking at what is happening now in our community, this profile provides some direction on areas that we may need to pay special attention to in our Comprehensive Community Plan. Most of all, it is meant to share information with members on how we are doing and to help get discussions going about where we want to go as a community and how. The profile has been organized into five sections: Our People and Culture – History, Culture and Language, Population and Demographics Our Community – Education, Health and Wellness, Housing, Safety and Security, Social Development Our Government – Leadership and Governance, Band Administration, Band Financial Health Our Economy – Employment and Jobs, Economic Development Initiatives Our Land – Our Land and Resources, Land Use Planning In each of these sections, we looked for trends so we can start thinking about how we can build on our strengths (the positive trends) and address our weaknesses (the negative trends). -
PART 2 Conclusion of a 2,500-Kilometre Off-Road Odyssey Through B.C.’S Remote Backcountry UNCHARTED Story and Photos by Larry Pynn TERRITORY
PART 2 Conclusion of a 2,500-kilometre off-road odyssey through B.C.’s remote backcountry UNCHARTED Story and photos by Larry Pynn TERRITORY 38 CYCLE CANADA JANUARY 2016 39 ritish Columbia’s Chilcotin region is big country with larger-than-life characters, several of them authors. B Paul St. Pierre wrote short stories about ranch life, Chris Czajkowski detailed one woman’s experiences alone in the wilderness, and Rich Hobson recounted the early days of cattle ranching. As Murray Comley and I ride west from the Fraser Canyon into the Chilcotin, we seek yet another locally renowned figure, Chilco Choate. The retired big-game guide-outfitter described his life in three books, including one that explored his rocky relationship with the Gang Ranch. At 81, Chilco lives alone at Gaspard Lake where someone set him up on a computer with satellite Internet. He sent me an email message weeks ago with directions to his place, but today they make about as much sense as a diamond hitch on a pack horse. Murray resorts to his GPS and leads us along good gravel to a six-kilometre dirt backroad extending to Gaspard Lake. Murray’s 1995 BMW R1100G is equipped with knobby tires, but my loaner KTM 1190 Adventure is not. I’m also a short guy on a big bike unable to touch the ground without shifting my butt to one side of the seat. “If it gets too rough you can always turn back,” Murray offers. Of course, once you are half way, you’re all the way in. -
The Fraser Valley Milk Producers' Association
THE FRASER VALLEY MILK PRODUCERS' ASSOCIATION: SUCCESSFUL COOPERATIVE by Morag Elizabeth Maclachlan B.Ed, (sec), The University of British Columbia, 1964 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA ••' April , 1972; In presenting this thesis in partial fuIfilment,of . the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of The University of British Columbia Vancouver 8, Canada FRASER VALLEY MILK PRODUCERS' ASSOCIATION SUCCESSFUL COOPERATIVE In 1913 thirty dairy farmers formed the Fraser Valley Milk Producers Association, an organization which began operation in 1917 and became one of the most successful cooperatives in North America. The compact nature of the Fraser Valley was a geographic advantage which laid the basis for the success of the Association. The river itself, the railway and the roads which were built slowly and at great cost, provided transportation which unified the Valley. The insatiable Cariboo markets enabled pioneer farmers to become well established. The completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway opened wider markets which dairymen were able to.take advantage of after the creameries became established. -
Industrial Minerals in British Columbia
Province of British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources INDUSTRIAL MINERALS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA INFORMATION CIRCULAR 1989-2 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BRANCH INDUSTRIAL MINERALS PROGRAMS 1985-1988 INTRODUCTION British Columbia is well endowed with a variety of industrial minerals. The annual value of their production, together with structural materials, varies between 10 and 15 per cent of the combined value of minerals, coal, petroleum and natural gas, and has been steadily increasing since 1960 (Figure 1). In 1986 there was reported production of 13 industrial mineral commodities with a total value of $132 million; structural materials produced accounted for an additional $235 million. The inventory of industrial mineral resources in British Columbia is the responsibility of the Industrial Minerals Subsection of the Geological Survey Branch. This unit also monitors industry activity and provides assistance to the general public. This subsection is headed by Z.D. Hora, Industrial Minerals Specialist. G.V. White is a geologist on staff and three contract geologists, S.B. Butrenchuk, P.B. Read and J. Pel1 have been carrying out specific studies for the past three years. In addition, other branch staff and contractors are seconded to complete short-term commodity studies from time to time. During the period 1985-1988 many of the programs undertaken by the Industrial Minerals Subsection were funded under the CanadaIBritish Columbia Mineral Development Agreement (MDA). These programs varied in scope from literature research and compilation to detailed site specific studies and regional investigations in the field. Increasing support of Geological Survey Branch activities by the Provincial government during the past few years has, in turn, led to increasing support for new industrial minerals projects. -
Quaternary Stratigraphy and Geomorphology of Lower
QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY OF LOWER BRIDGE RIVER VALLEY, BRITISH COLUMBIA by DON EDWIN HOWES B.A., University of Western Ontario, 1971 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in the Department of Geography We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA April, 1975 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of The University of British Columbia Vancouver 8, Canada ii ABSTRACT Bridge River is an east-flowing tributary of Fraser River originating in the Coast Mountains of British Columbia . Its confluence with the Fraser River is near the village of Lillooet. This study encompasses the lower 15 miles (24 km) of Bridge River Valley. The purpose of the study is: (1) to describe and reconstruct the local Quaternary events and relate them to the regional chronology, (2) to produce a surficial geology map, at a scale of 1:50,000. Lacustrine, ice contact fluvio-glacial, fluvio-glacial (lacking ice contact features), glacial, alluvial fan and recent deposits occur here. From their characteristics and stratigraphic relationships, two alternative Quaternary chronologies can be reconstructed: A: Silts and clays deposited in a proglacial lake were subsequently overridden and partly deformed by ice of the last glaciation .