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An Examination of Synchrony Between Insect Emergence and flowering in Rocky Mountain Meadows
Ecological Monographs, 81(3), 2011, pp. 469–491 Ó 2011 by the Ecological Society of America An examination of synchrony between insect emergence and flowering in Rocky Mountain meadows 1,3 2 JESSICA R. K. FORREST AND JAMES D. THOMSON 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5 Canada 2Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 519, Crested Butte, Colorado 81224 USA Abstract. One possible effect of climate change is the generation of a mismatch in the seasonal timing of interacting organisms, owing to species-specific shifts in phenology. Despite concerns that plants and pollinators might be at risk of such decoupling, there have been few attempts to test this hypothesis using detailed phenological data on insect emergence and flowering at the same localities. In particular, there are few data sets on pollinator flight seasons that are independent of flowering phenology, because pollinators are typically collected at flowers. To address this problem, we established standardized nesting habitat (trap nests) for solitary bees and wasps at sites along an elevational gradient in the Rocky Mountains, and monitored emergence during three growing seasons. We also recorded air temperatures and flowering phenology at each site. Using a reciprocal transplant experiment with nesting bees, we confirmed that local environmental conditions are the primary determinants of emergence phenology. We were then able to develop phenology models to describe timing of pollinator emergence or flowering, across all sites and years, as a function of accumulated degree-days. Although phenology of both plants and insects is well described by thermal models, the best models for insects suggest generally higher threshold temperatures for development or diapause termination than those required for plants. -
Simultaneous Percussion by the Larvae of a Stem-Nesting Solitary
JHR 81: 143–164 (2021) doi: 10.3897/jhr.81.61067 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://jhr.pensoft.net Simultaneous percussion by the larvae of a stem- nesting solitary bee – a collaborative defence strategy against parasitoid wasps? Andreas Müller1, Martin K. Obrist2 1 ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Biocommunication and Entomology, Schmelzbergstrasse 9/ LFO, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland 2 Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation Biol- ogy, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland Corresponding author: Andreas Müller ([email protected]) Academic editor: Michael Ohl | Received 23 November 2020 | Accepted 7 February 2021 | Published 25 February 2021 http://zoobank.org/D10742E1-E988-40C1-ADF6-7F8EC24D6FC4 Citation: Müller A, Obrist MK (2021) Simultaneous percussion by the larvae of a stem-nesting solitary bee – a collaborative defence strategy against parasitoid wasps? Journal of Hymenoptera Research 81: 143–164. https://doi. org/10.3897/jhr.81.61067 Abstract Disturbance sounds to deter antagonists are widespread among insects but have never been recorded for the larvae of bees. Here, we report on the production of disturbance sounds by the postdefecating larva (“prepupa”) of the Palaearctic osmiine bee Hoplitis (Alcidamea) tridentata, which constructs linear series of brood cells in excavated burrows in pithy plant stems. Upon disturbance, the prepupa produces two types of sounds, one of which can be heard up to a distance of 2–3 m (“stroking sounds”), whereas the other is scarcely audible by bare ear (“tapping sounds”). To produce the stroking sounds, the prepupa rapidly pulls a horseshoe-shaped callosity around the anus one to five times in quick succession over the cocoon wall before it starts to produce tapping sounds by knocking a triangularly shaped callosity on the clypeus against the cocoon wall in long uninterrupted series of one to four knocks per second. -
Changes in the Summer Wild Bee Community Following a Bark Beetle Outbreak in a Douglas-Fir Forest
Environmental Entomology, XX(XX), 2020, 1–12 doi: 10.1093/ee/nvaa119 Pollinator Ecology and Management Research Changes in the Summer Wild Bee Community Following a Bark Beetle Outbreak in a Douglas-fir Forest Gabriel G. Foote,1,6,7 Nathaniel E. Foote,2 Justin B. Runyon,3 Darrell W. Ross,1,4 and Christopher J. Fettig5 1Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, 2Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, 3Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1648 South 7th Street, Bozeman, MT 59717, 4Present address: Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, 5Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1731 Research Park Drive, Davis, CA 95618, 6Present address: Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, and 7Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Subject Editor: Theresa Pitts-Singer Received 23 March 2020; Editorial decision 28 August 2020 Abstract AADate The status of wild bees has received increased interest following recent estimates of large-scale declines in their abundances across the United States. However, basic information is limited regarding the factors affecting wild bee communities in temperate coniferous forest ecosystems. To assess the early responses of bees to bark beetle AAMonth disturbance, we sampled the bee community of a Douglas-fir,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.), forest in western Idaho, United States during a Douglas-fir beetle,Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), AAYear outbreak beginning in summer 2016. We resampled the area in summer 2018 following reductions in forest canopy cover resulting from mortality of dominant and codominant Douglas-fir. -
Simultaneous Percussion by the Larvae of a Stem-Nesting Solitary Bee – a Collaborative Defence Strategy Against Parasitoid Wasps?
Research Collection Journal Article Simultaneous percussion by the larvae of a stem-nesting solitary bee – a collaborative defence strategy against parasitoid wasps? Author(s): Muller, Andreas; Obrist, Martin K. Publication Date: 2021 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000477213 Originally published in: Journal of Hymenoptera Research 81, http://doi.org/10.3897/JHR.81.61067 Rights / License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library JHR 81: 143–164 (2021) doi: 10.3897/jhr.81.61067 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://jhr.pensoft.net Simultaneous percussion by the larvae of a stem- nesting solitary bee – a collaborative defence strategy against parasitoid wasps? Andreas Müller1, Martin K. Obrist2 1 ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Biocommunication and Entomology, Schmelzbergstrasse 9/ LFO, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland 2 Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation Biol- ogy, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland Corresponding author: Andreas Müller ([email protected]) Academic editor: Michael Ohl | Received 23 November 2020 | Accepted 7 February 2021 | Published 25 February 2021 http://zoobank.org/D10742E1-E988-40C1-ADF6-7F8EC24D6FC4 Citation: Müller A, Obrist MK (2021) Simultaneous percussion by the larvae of a stem-nesting solitary bee – a collaborative defence strategy against parasitoid wasps? Journal of Hymenoptera Research 81: 143–164. https://doi. org/10.3897/jhr.81.61067 Abstract Disturbance sounds to deter antagonists are widespread among insects but have never been recorded for the larvae of bees. Here, we report on the production of disturbance sounds by the postdefecating larva (“prepupa”) of the Palaearctic osmiine bee Hoplitis (Alcidamea) tridentata, which constructs linear series of brood cells in excavated burrows in pithy plant stems. -
ExaminingPhylogeneticRelatednessAsADriver
Examining phylogenetic relatedness as a driver of plant-pollinator interactions in montane meadows. Jane S. Huestis Lewis & Clark College ‘19 Oregon State University Eco-Informatics Summer Institute | August 2017 ______________________________________________________________ Abstract Pollinators are currently experiencing widespread population decline, thus plant-pollinator networks are of particular interest and concern in the ecological community. This study investigates whether phylogenetic relatedness of plant families is correlated with the families of pollinators they share. Phylogenetic trees of plant and pollinator families present at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest were produced using software associated with the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). These phylogenies and plant-pollinator interaction data were analyzed in a pairwise family comparison using the Jaccard index. The study found that there is a weak negative correlation between phylogenetic distance of plant families and the percent of pollinator families they share, although many closely related plant -
Download Pryors Bioblitz Report
P a g e | 1 1 P a g e | 2 Introduction - What is a BioBlitz? A BioBlitz is designed as part contest, part festival, part educational event, and an important scientific endeavor. During a BioBlitz a catalog is made of the total biodiversity with a species list, such as, all the bat species found or all of the invertebrates found. Knowing the number and diversity of species in a given area helps us understand the ecosystems that sustain the clean water, air, and healthy soils that we all enjoy. In addition to increasing our scientific knowledge of the biological diversity in a specific area, a BioBlitz helps generate public awareness about the importance of biodiversity and conservation issues. A BioBlitz is also a tremendous asset to land managers who receive real, scientific, site-specific data about the land. Preeminent biologist and Harvard professor E.O. Wilson co-sponsored the first BioBlitz event to catalog organisms around Walden Pond in the mid-1990s. The first BioBlitz held in Montana was in Billings along the Yellowstone River 2007. This project had a limited number of professional scientists but was still successful in documenting 379 species (Ostovar 2007). I n 2009 Yellowstone Park worked with Rocky Mountain College (RMC) to organize their first BioBlitz, which received considerable media attention (Ostovar 2009). The Yellowstone project documented over 1079 species in just 24 hours with 120 participating scientists and volunteers. In 2011, RMC worked with the American Prairie Reserve in north-central Montana, adjacent to the Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge to conduct a prairie BioBlitz (Ostovar 2011). -
Simanonokm1218.Pdf (2.150Mb)
PLANT-POLLINATOR NETWORK ASSEMBLY AFTER WILDFIRE by Michael Peter Simanonok A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ecology & Environmental Science MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana August 2018 ©COPYRIGHT by Michael Peter Simanonok 2018 All Rights Reserved ii DEDICATION To Stacy for your endless love and patience through this entire ordeal. And to Geoff, I’ll see what I can do about carrying that fire. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First I need to thank Laura for giving me the freedom and range to do just about anything I wanted with developing and running these projects over the years. You’ve made this PhD process as smooth as it can be, and I don’t think I would have even made it to this point under anyone else’s guidance. Everyone who’s helped on this project: data collection, entry, ID, etc. There are entirely too many to list on this single page, but especially “Zab” Reese for the absolutely unbelieveable amount of work you’ve put in behind the scenes in the lab, you’ve saved us all, and Dylan Cole for saving one of my field seasons. Also, thanks to Casey Delphia for additional identification help and for lending the nesting tubes, and to Jane Klaussen for your chemistry wizardry. All my friends who’ve passed through the basement of AJMJ, it’s been an honor to have been a part of this community for so long. Especially those of y’all from the Burkle lab over the years: Stacy Davis, Anthony Slominski, Laura Heil, Will Glenny, and Simone Durney. -
The Pollinating Ecology of Hedysarum Boreale Nutt. (Fabaceae)
ii ABSTRACT The Pollination Ecology of Hedysarum boreale Nutt. (Fabaceae) and Evaluation of its Pollinating Bees for Restoration Seed Production by Katharine A. Swoboda, Master of Science Utah State University, 2007 Academic Advisor: Dr. Edward W. Evans Research Advisor: Dr. James H. Cane Department: Biology Federal land managers desire a consistent and cost-effective source of Hedysarum boreale Nutt. seed for rangeland restoration in the Great Basin and adjacent ecosystems. The breeding biology of H. boreale was assessed via hand pollination experiments at 2 sites in Cache County, Utah, USA in 2003. H. boreale was found to be self-compatible, but did not produce fruit and seeds in the absence of bee visitors. Xenogamy (out- crossing) treatments resulted in increased seed viability and decreased predispersal reproductive attrition. H. boreale was found to be homogamous during 2004 experiments designed to determine the timing and duration of stigma receptivity. H. boreale stigmas became receptive during the mature bud stage prior to flower opening (anthesis) and remained receptive for several days. H. boreale proved to be very rewarding in terms of floral resources; flowers contained abundant pollen grains and nectar of comparatively high sugar concentration. iii The bee faunas of several natural populations of H. boreale in Utah and Wyoming, USA were systematically surveyed in 2004 and 2005. Each population was surveyed once per summer, sometimes in both years. Populations were surveyed at or just after peak bloom and during the early afternoon hours. An assortment of bee species in the families Apidae and Megachilidae were collected at H. boreale flowers. Osmia species proved to be an important component of H. -
Simultaneous Percussion by the Larvae of a Stem-Nesting Solitary Bee – a Collaborative Defence Strategy Against Parasitoid Wasps?
Research Collection Journal Article Simultaneous percussion by the larvae of a stem-nesting solitary bee – a collaborative defence strategy against parasitoid wasps? Author(s): Muller, Andreas; Obrist, Martin K. Publication Date: 2021 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000477213 Originally published in: Journal of Hymenoptera Research 81, http://doi.org/10.3897/JHR.81.61067 Rights / License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library JHR 81: 143–164 (2021) doi: 10.3897/jhr.81.61067 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://jhr.pensoft.net Simultaneous percussion by the larvae of a stem- nesting solitary bee – a collaborative defence strategy against parasitoid wasps? Andreas Müller1, Martin K. Obrist2 1 ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Biocommunication and Entomology, Schmelzbergstrasse 9/ LFO, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland 2 Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation Biol- ogy, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland Corresponding author: Andreas Müller ([email protected]) Academic editor: Michael Ohl | Received 23 November 2020 | Accepted 7 February 2021 | Published 25 February 2021 http://zoobank.org/D10742E1-E988-40C1-ADF6-7F8EC24D6FC4 Citation: Müller A, Obrist MK (2021) Simultaneous percussion by the larvae of a stem-nesting solitary bee – a collaborative defence strategy against parasitoid wasps? Journal of Hymenoptera Research 81: 143–164. https://doi. org/10.3897/jhr.81.61067 Abstract Disturbance sounds to deter antagonists are widespread among insects but have never been recorded for the larvae of bees. Here, we report on the production of disturbance sounds by the postdefecating larva (“prepupa”) of the Palaearctic osmiine bee Hoplitis (Alcidamea) tridentata, which constructs linear series of brood cells in excavated burrows in pithy plant stems. -
Abstract Pardee, Gabriella Lynn
ABSTRACT PARDEE, GABRIELLA LYNN. Effects of Climate Change on Plants, Pollinators, and Their Interactions. (Under the direction of Dr. Rebecca Irwin). Climate change is leading to increased temperatures and extreme weather events worldwide, which can impact species and their interactions. In montane regions, climate change has resulted in earlier spring snowmelt, with plants advancing their phenology to coincide with earlier onset of spring. However, little is known about the consequences of advanced phenology for plant growth and reproduction and the mechanisms involved. For example, plants could become more susceptible to frost damage because they are no longer insulated from freezing temperatures by snowpack. Another possible consequence is changes to their interactions with pollinators, if plant and/or pollinator abundance and species richness are impacted by changes in abiotic conditions, or if plants and pollinators respond differently to altered abiotic conditions. I examined the consequences of advancing spring phenology on plants, pollinators, and their interactions through four main questions: 1) What are the direct and indirect effects of frost on plant growth and reproduction? 2) How do snowmelt timing and frost exposure impact flowering communities, their interactions with pollinators, and plant reproduction? 3) How do snowmelt timing and frost impact networks of plant-pollinator interactions? and 4) Do bees respond differently to climate change based on their life history traits? I conducted four studies on plants and pollinators in a subalpine region of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, U.S. For my first chapter, I manipulated frost exposure for three flowering species to examine how frost can directly as well as indirectly affect plants due to changes in visitation rates. -
Associations Between Blooming Plants and Their Bee Visitors in a Riparian Ecosystem in Eastern Oregon
Associations Between Blooming Plants and their Bee Visitors in a Riparian Ecosystem in Eastern Oregon Authors: Roof, Samantha M., DeBano, Sandra, Rowland, Mary M., and Burrows, Skyler Source: Northwest Science, 92(2) : 119-135 Published By: Northwest Scientific Association URL: https://doi.org/10.3955/046.092.0205 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Northwest-Science on 29 Sep 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library (NAL) Samantha M. Roof, Sandra DeBano1, Oregon State University, Hermiston Agricultural Research & Extension Center, 2121 -
The Influence of Data Type and Functional Traits on Native Bee Phenology
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.16.044750; this version posted April 18, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Submitted Article 1 The influence of data type and functional traits on native bee phenology 2 metrics: Opportunistic versus inventory records 3 4 Meiners, Joan M.1*†, Orr, Michael C.2†, Riemer, Kristina3†, Griswold, Terry4, Simonis, Juniper 5 L.5 6 1. School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, 7 Florida 32603 8 2. Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese 9 Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China 10 3. University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 & Wildlife Ecology and Conservation 11 Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611 12 4. USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 13 84322-5310 14 5. DAPPER Stats, Portland, OR 97212 15 *Corresponding author: [email protected] 16 †First three authors should be considered joint first authors bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.16.044750; this version posted April 18, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Submitted Article 17 ABSTRACT 18 Efforts to understand activity patterns of bees, our most important pollinators, often rely 19 on opportunistically collected museum records to model temporal shifts or declines.