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Fake News and Misinformation Policy Lab Practicum (Spring 2017)
ST ANFORD Fake News & Misinformation Policy Practicum 2017 PRACTICUM RESEARCFacebookH TEAM: Research Team Jacob Finkel, JD ’19, Steven Jiang,Mufan BS ’17, Luo, PhD ‘22 Mufan Luo, PhD ’22, Rebecca Mears, JD/MPP ’19, Danaë Metaxa-Kakavouli, PhD ’20Camille, Peeples, JD ‘18 Camille Peeples, JD ’18, BrendanArjun Sasso, Shenoy,JD ’19, JD ‘19 Arjun Shenoy, JD ’19, Vincent Sheu, JD/MS ’18 , Nicolás Torres-Echeverry, JSM ’17 Google Research Team INSTRUCTOR AND PROJECTDanaë LEAD MetaxaS: -Kakavouli, PhD ‘20 Nicolás Torres-Echeverry, JSM ‘17 SENATOR RUSS FEINGOLD Edwin A. Heafey, Jr., Visiting Professor of Law Luciana Herman, Ph.D. Twitter Research Team Lecturer in Law Program Director, Law and Policy LabJacob Finkel, JD ‘19 Steven Jiang, BS ‘17 Ashwin Aravind, JD ‘18 Teaching Assistant Rebecca Mears, JD/MPP ‘19 Katie Joseff, MA ‘19 Research Assistant Reddit Research Team October POLICY CLIENT: Brendan Sasso, JD ‘19 Hewlett Foundation MadisonVincent Initiative Sheu, JD/MS ’18 2017 1 Acknowledgements This report reflects the research and analysis of an inter-disciplinary law and graduate student team enrolled in the Stanford Law School Fake News and Misinformation Policy Lab Practicum (Spring 2017). Under the guidance of instructor Senator Russ Feingold, the Edwin A. Heafey Visiting Professor of Law, the practicum surveyed the roles of four major online platforms in the spread of fake news beginning with the 2016 U.S. election. Assisting Senator Feingold in the practicum were Policy Lab Program Director and Lecturer Luciana Herman, Ph.D., and Teaching Assistant Ashwin Aravind, J.D. ’18. Brendan Sasso, J.D. ’19, served as the exceptional lead student editor for the report. -
Taboola.Com Ltd
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 30, 2021. Registration No. 333- UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM F-4 REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 TABOOLA.COM LTD. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) State of Israel 7370 Not applicable (State or other jurisdiction of (Primary Standard Industrial (I.R.S. Employer incorporation or organization) Classification Code Number) Identification Number) Taboola.com Ltd. 16 Madison Square West 7th Floor New York, NY 10010 (212) 206-7633 (Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices) TABOOLA, INC. 16 Madison Square West 7th Floor New York, NY 10010 (212) 206-7633 (Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service) Copies of all correspondence to: Marc D. Jaffe Michael Kaplan Shachar Hadar Joel Rubinstein Aaron M. Lampert Justin G. Hamill Lee Hochbaum Assaf Naveh Robert Chung Goldfarb Seligman & Co. Senet S. Bischoff Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP Ran Camchy Kristen Rohr Ampa Tower Latham & Watkins LLP 450 Lexington Avenue Meitar | Law Offices White & Case LLP 98 Yigal Alon Street 885 Third Avenue New York, New York 10017 16 Abba Hillel Silver Rd. 1221 Avenue of the Americas Tel Aviv 6789141, Israel New York, New York 10022-4834 Tel: (212) 450-4000 Ramat Gan 52506, Israel New York, New York 10020-1095 Tel: (+972) (3) 608-9999 Tel: (212) 906-1200 Tel: (+972) (3) 610-3100 Tel: (212) 819-8200 Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale of the securities to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement and all other conditions to the proposed Business Combination described herein have been satisfied or waived. -
The Evolving Israel-China Relationship
The Evolving Israel- China Relationship Shira Efron, Howard J. Shatz, Arthur Chan, Emily Haskel, Lyle J. Morris, Andrew Scobell C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR2641 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0233-2 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2019 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: Photo by esfera via Shutterstock. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface Since the early 2000s, relations between China and Israel have expanded rapidly in numerous areas, including diplomacy, trade, investment, construction, educational partnerships, scientific coopera- tion, and tourism. -
Mapping Online Advertising Issues, and the Industry and Regulatory Initiatives Aimed at Addressing Them
Mapping online advertising issues, and the industry and regulatory initiatives aimed at addressing them May 2020 Stephen Adshead, Yi Shen Chan, Tony Lavender, Laura Wilkinson, Aude Schoentgen plumconsulting.co.uk About Plum Plum is an independent consulting firm, focused on the telecommunications, media, technology, and adjacent sectors. We apply extensive industry knowledge, consulting experience, and rigorous analysis to address challenges and opportunities across regulatory, radio spectrum, economic, commercial, and technology domains. About this study This is a study for the Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport on online advertising issues and self-regulatory initiatives. The research objectives are: (A) to assess the nature, scale and causes of harms arising from online advertising, and (B) to assess the current initiatives available to deal with these issues and to identify areas for improvement. Plum Consulting 10 Fitzroy Square London W1T 5HP T +44 20 7047 1919 E [email protected] Online advertising issues, and industry and regulatory initiatives Contents In brief 5 Executive summary 6 Online advertising issues 6 Scale of harmful advertising 7 Current regulatory initiatives 10 Effectiveness of the current system 11 1 Introduction 14 1.1 Terms of reference 14 1.2 Methodology 15 1.3 Caveats 16 1.4 Overview of the online advertising market 16 1.5 Structure of this report 18 2 Online advertising issues 19 3 Consumer issues 22 3.1 What is inappropriate advertising? 22 3.2 What is the scale of inappropriate advertising? -
Balancing Act: Countering Digital Disinformation While Respecting
Balancing Act: Countering Digital Disinformation While Respecting Freedom of Expression Broadband Commission research report on ‘Freedom of Expression and Addressing Disinformation on the Internet’ September 2020 Balancing Act: Countering Digital Disinformation While Respecting Freedom of Expression Broadband Commission research report on ‘Freedom of Expression and Addressing Disinformation on the Internet’ Introduction Editors: Kalina Bontcheva & Julie Posetti Contributing authors: Kalina Bontcheva University of Sheffield, UK International Center for Journalists (U.S.); Centre for Freedom of the Media, University of Sheffield (UK); Reuters Julie Posetti Institute for the Study of Journalism, University of Oxford, (UK) Denis Teyssou Agence France Presse, France Trisha Meyer Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium Sam Gregory WITNESS, U.S. Clara Hanot EU Disinfo Lab, Belgium Diana Maynard University of Sheffield, UK Published in 2020 by International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Place des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 7, Place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France ISBN 978-92-3-100403-2 This research will be available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY SA 3.0 IGO) license. By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository. 2 Authors Contents Foreword ........................................................................................................................................ -
Native Advertising Examples from Brands That Have Succeeded
Native Advertising Examples from Brands that Have Succeeded • What is Discovery? Taboola • The Third Pillar of Effective Digital Marketing • Case Studies and Examples from Successful Brands Case Studies: • Beauty 38 Brands • Business & Technology • Education Who Have • Fashion • Finance Seen Success • Food & Convenience • Gaming • Healthcare • Home & Lifestyle • Real Estate • Travel • How to Get Started Table of Contents What is Native Advertising? Native ads come in many shapes and sizes. Certain types of native ads exist on search and social sites as well, but the type of native ads we’re talking about blend in with the look and feel of a publisher site. The Native Advertising Institute describes it best: “Native advertising is paid advertising where the ad matches the form, feel and function of the content of the media on which it appears.” This is particularly effective on the open web where ads are getting more intrusive, annoying, and more ineffective than ever before. Non disruptive ad experiences are the one that don’t interrupt the user as they’re consuming the content that they originally intended, those that blend in with the look and feel of the site, and are those that are targeted in a way that is truly valuable to the user. At Taboola, we’ve found the sweet spot for nondisruptive native advertising on the open web—the bottom of the article. What is Discovery and the Moment of The Third Pillar of Effective Digital Marketing You’re likely already using search and social as the core to your digital media strategy—Facebook and Google are well-known go-to channels for marketers Next? looking to promote their products and services. -
Fake News and Advertising: How to Spot the Fake and Find the Facts Fake News and Advertising: How to Spot the Fake and Find the Facts Page 1
FAKE NEWS AND ADVERTISING: HOW TO SPOT THE FAKE AND FIND THE FACTS FAKE NEWS AND ADVERTISING: HOW TO SPOT THE FAKE AND FIND THE FACTS PAGE 1 Overview https://www.ayima.com/blog/fake-news-and-advertising-how-to-spot-the-fake-and-find-the- facts.html Fake news continues to hit the headlines in a shifting landscape where brands and publishers are being caught in the crossfire. We discover the damaging effects of fake news on useful online advertising and how to sort the fact from the fiction. Fake news has hit the headlines yet again as it climbs out of the realms of a disruptive irritation in our browsing experience. It is creeping into our consciousness, disrupting our politics and causing us to doubt everything we read. Because of this, society is forming a new media paradigm and taking a more analytical view of what ‘real’ news even is. In this shifting landscape, brands and publishers are being caught in the crossfire. Damaging fake news includes, an Xbox One killing a teenager, Ferrero Rocher chocolates manufactured with maggot infestations and Walmart carelessly wasting food. We now ask: are digital advertisers the latest victims of fake news? Fake news – a dangerous distraction These false and misleading stories are infecting every online channel and it seems no one is safe. Twitter is the most recent technology giant to face criticism as it emerges that more than 400 fake Twitter accounts had been used by the Russian Internet Research Agency (IRA) to post about Brexit. In a recent speech talking about these accounts, Theresa May’s strong statement hinted at the real danger behind these stories. -
Cutting the Funding of Disinformation: the Ad-Tech Solution
Cutting the Funding of Disinformation: The Ad-Tech Solution www.disinformationindex.org Authors: Clare Melford and Craig Fagan. Contributors: Sophie Chauvet, Ben Decker, Sam North and Danny Rogers. Design: Dan Smith, www.skyboydesign.com Inside cover photo: Joshua K. Jackson on Unsplash. Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank the following individuals for their review of and guidance on the paper: Miguel Martinez (Signal AI), Connie Moon Sehat (Credibility Coalition), Alexandra Mousavizadeh (GDI), Lisa-Maria Neudert (Oxford Internet Institute), Peter Pomerantsev (London School of Economics) and Scott Yates (Certified Content Coalition). The Global Disinformation Index is a UK-based not-for-profit that operates on the three principles of neutrality, independence and transparency. Our vision is a world in which we can trust what we see in the media. Our mission is to restore trust in the media by providing real-time automated risk ratings of the world’s media sites through a Global Disinformation Index (GDI). For more information, visit www.disinformationindex.org May 2019. Published under a Creative Commons License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) Table of contents Preface 4 Introduction 5 Bad intentions: 6 The actors behind disinformation A perfect storm: 9 How did ad-tech get here? A system abused: 12 The money and the messages of disinformation The GDI method 17 The way forward 21 Endnotes 22 www.disinformationindex.org 3 Cutting the Funding of Disinformation: The Ad-Tech Solution Preface The world wide web turned 30 years The GDI aspires to offer a trusted and neutral assessment old in 2019. Since its invention, how about a news domain’s risk of disinforming. -
Diving Deep Into Clickbaits: Who Use Them to What Extents in Which Topics with What Effects?
Diving Deep into Clickbaits: Who Use Them to What Extents in Which Topics with What Effects? Md Main Uddin Rony x, Naeemul Hassan x, Mohammad Yousuf \ xDepartment of Computer and Information Science, \Gaylord College of Journalism and Mass Communication xThe University of Mississippi, \The University of Oklahoma Abstract—The use of alluring headlines (clickbait) to tempt extent to which clickbait headlines contribute to user engage- the readers has become a growing practice nowadays. For the ment on social networking platforms – major distributors of sake of existence in the highly competitive media industry, most web content. This study seeks to fill this gap by examining of the on-line media including the mainstream ones, have started following this practice. Although the wide-spread practice of uses of clickbait techniques in headlines by mainstream and clickbait makes the reader’s reliability on media vulnerable, a unreliable media organizations on the social network. Some large scale analysis to reveal this fact is still absent. In this paper, of the questions we answer in this paper are– (i) to what we analyze 1:67 million Facebook posts created by 153 media extent, mainstream and unreliable media organizations use organizations to understand the extent of clickbait practice, clickbait? (ii) does the topic distribution of the contents vary in its impact and user engagement by using our own developed clickbait detection model. The model uses distributed sub-word clickbaity contents? (iii) which type of headlines – clickbait or embeddings learned from a large corpus. The accuracy of the non-clickbait - generates more user engagement (e.g., shares, model is 98.3%. -
Clickbait and Deceptive Ads on News and Misinformation Websites
Bad News: Clickbait and Deceptive Ads on News and Misinformation Websites Eric Zeng, Tadayoshi Kohno, Franziska Roesner Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering University of Washington Abstract—A key aspect of online ads that has not been systematically studied by the computer security community is their visible, user-facing content. Motivated by anecdotal evidence of problematic content such as clickbait, misinformation, scams, and malware, particularly in native advertising, we conducted a systematic measurement study of ad content on mainstream news sites and known misinformation sites. We provide evidence for significant numbers of problematic ads on popular news and misinformation sites, primarily served through native ad Fig. 1. Portion of a “chumbox” native ad banner, showing four ads that platforms. This work begins a rich, systematic line of inquiry use “clickbait” techniques to entice clicks (such as distasteful imagery, into problematic ad content, ultimately to inform technical and/or sensationalism, provoking curiosity, and urgency). Such ads often lead to low- regulatory solutions. quality sites, misinformation, or outright scams. I. INTRODUCTION have the potential to generate a significant amount of revenue. Online advertisements are an unavoidable fact of the mod- Prior work has shown, and native ad platforms themselves ern web — they are embedded in and financially support the claim that they generate significantly higher clickthrough rates majority of content websites. Significant prior work in the (0.2% vs. 0.05%) than traditional “display ads” [5, 36, 59]. computer security and privacy community has studied the As a result, online news and media publications, which have ecosystem of online advertising, particularly in terms of its recently struggled to raise revenue [23, 28], frequently host privacy implications (e.g., [6, 16, 19, 37–39, 48, 56, 65, 66]) native advertising on their properties. -
The Rise and Fall of Fake News Sites: a Traffic Analysis
The Rise and Fall of Fake News sites: A Traffic Analysis MANOLIS CHALKIADAKIS, FORTH/University of Crete, Greece ALEXANDROS KORNILAKIS, FORTH/University of Crete, Greece PANAGIOTIS PAPADOPOULOS, Telefonica Research, Spain EVANGELOS P. MARKATOS, FORTH/University of Crete, Greece NICOLAS KOURTELLIS, Telefonica Research, Spain Over the past decade, we have witnessed the rise of misinformation on the Internet, with online users constantly falling victims of fake news. A multitude of past studies have analyzed fake news diffusion mechanics and detection and mitigation techniques. However, there are still open questions about their operational behavior such as: How old are fake news websites? Do they typically stay online for long periods of time? Do such websites synchronize with each other their up and down time? Do they share similar content through time? Which third-parties support their operations? How much user traffic do they attract, in comparison to mainstream or real news websites? In this paper, we perform a first of its kind investigation to answer such questions regarding the online presence of fake news websites and characterize their behavior in comparison to real news websites. Based on our findings, we build a content-agnostic ML classifier for automatic detection of fake news websites (i.e., F1 score up to 0.942 and AUC of ROC up to 0.976) that are not yet included in manually curated blacklists. 1 INTRODUCTION Lots of things we read online may appear to be true, often is not. False information is news, stories or hoaxes created to deliberately misinform or deceive readers. Usually, these stories are created to (i) either lure users and become a profitable business for the publishers (i.e., clickbait) or (ii) influence people’s views, push a political agenda or cause confusion. -
Clickbait and Deceptive Ads on News and Misinformation Websites
This paper appears at the Workshop on Technology and Consumer Protection (ConPro ’20). Bad News: Clickbait and Deceptive Ads on News and Misinformation Websites Eric Zeng, Tadayoshi Kohno, Franziska Roesner Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering University of Washington Abstract—A key aspect of online ads that has not been systematically studied by the computer security community is their visible, user-facing content. Motivated by anecdotal evidence of problematic content such as clickbait, misinformation, scams, and malware, particularly in native advertising, we conducted a systematic measurement study of ad content on mainstream news sites and known misinformation sites. We provide evidence for significant numbers of problematic ads on popular news and misinformation sites, primarily served through native ad Fig. 1. Portion of a “chumbox” native ad banner, showing four ads that platforms. This work begins a rich, systematic line of inquiry use “clickbait” techniques to entice clicks (such as distasteful imagery, into problematic ad content, ultimately to inform technical and/or sensationalism, provoking curiosity, and urgency). Such ads often lead to low- regulatory solutions. quality sites, misinformation, or outright scams. I. INTRODUCTION have the potential to generate a significant amount of revenue. Online advertisements are an unavoidable fact of the mod- Prior work has shown, and native ad platforms themselves ern web — they are embedded in and financially support the claim that they generate significantly higher clickthrough rates majority of content websites. Significant prior work in the (0.2% vs. 0.05%) than traditional “display ads” [5, 36, 59]. computer security and privacy community has studied the As a result, online news and media publications, which have ecosystem of online advertising, particularly in terms of its recently struggled to raise revenue [23, 28], frequently host privacy implications (e.g., [6, 16, 19, 37–39, 48, 56, 65, 66]) native advertising on their properties.