Pharmaceutical Measurements and Calculations
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Grain Grading Primer
Marketing and Regulatory Programs Grain Agricultural Marketing Service Grading Federal Grain Inspection Service Washington, D.C. Primer October 2016 United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Marketing Service Federal Grain Inspection Service Informational Reference October 2016 Grain Grading Primer Foreword The effectiveness of the U.S. grain inspection system depends largely on an inspector’s ability to sample, inspect, grade, and certify the various grains for which standards have been established under the United States Grain Standards Act, as amended. This publication is designed primarily to provide information and instruction for producers, grain handlers, and students on how grain is graded. It is not designed for Official grain inspectors for they must necessarily use more detailed instruction than that provided herein. In view of this fact, the Federal Grain Inspection Service, published the Grain Inspection Handbook, Book II, Grain Grading Procedures, which documents the step-by-step procedures needed to effectively and efficiently inspect grain in accordance with the Official United States Standards for Grain. The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar approved products not mentioned. Foreword Table of Contents The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternate means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). -
Grain Crop Drying, Handling and Storage
363 Chapter 16 Grain crop drying, handling and storage INTRODUCTION within the crop, inhibiting air movement and adding Although in many parts of Africa certain crops can be to any possible spoilage problems. The crop must produced throughout the year, the major food crops therefore be clean. such as cereal grains and tubers, including potatoes, One of the most critical physiological factors in are normally seasonal crops. Consequently the food successful grain storage is the moisture content of the produced in one harvest period, which may last for only crop. High moisture content leads to storage problems a few weeks, must be stored for gradual consumption because it encourages fungal and insect problems, until the next harvest, and seed must be held for the respiration and germination. However, moisture next season’s crop. content in the growing crop is naturally high and only In addition, in a market that is not controlled, the value starts to decrease as the crop reaches maturity and the of any surplus crop tends to rise during the off-season grains are drying. In their natural state, the seeds would period, provided that it is in a marketable condition. have a period of dormancy and then germinate either Therefore the principal aim of any storage system must when re-wetted by rain or as a result of a naturally be to maintain the crop in prime condition for as long adequate moisture content. as possible. The storage and handling methods should Another major factor influencing spoilage is minimize losses, but must also be appropriate in relation temperature. -
Abortion in the Early Medieval West, C.500-900
„Alienated from the womb‟: abortion in the early medieval West, c.500-900 Zubin Mistry University College, London PhD Thesis 2011 1 I, Zubin Mistry, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signed: 2 ABSTRACT This thesis is primarily a cultural history of abortion in the early medieval West. It is a historical study of perceptions, rather than the practice, of abortion. The span covered ranges from the sixth century, when certain localised ecclesiastical initiatives in the form of councils and sermons addressed abortion, through to the ninth century, when some of these initiatives were integrated into pastoral texts produced in altogether different locales. The thesis uses a range of predominantly ecclesiastical texts – canonical collections, penitentials, sermons, hagiography, scriptural commentaries, but also law- codes – to bring to light the multiple ways in which abortion was construed, experienced and responded to as a moral and social problem. Although there is a concerted focus upon the ecclesiastical tradition on abortion, a focus which ultimately questions how such a tradition ought to be understood, the thesis also explores the broader cultural significance of abortion. Early medieval churchmen, rulers, and jurists saw multiple things in abortion and there were multiple perspectives upon abortion. The thesis illuminates the manifold and, occasionally, surprising ways in which abortion was perceived in relation to gender, sexuality, politics, theology and the church. The history of early medieval abortion has been largely underwritten. Moreover, it has been inadequately historicised. -
Read an Excerpt
WHAT'S PAST IS PROLOGUE ________________________________ A one-act comedy by David J. LeMaster This script is for evaluation only. It may not be printed, photocopied or distributed digitally under any circumstances. Possession of this file does not grant the right to perform this play or any portion of it, or to use it for classroom study. www.youthplays.com [email protected] 426-703-5315 What's Past is Prologue © David J. LeMaster All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-62088-617-5. Caution: This play is fully protected under the copyright laws of the United States of America, Canada, the British Commonwealth and all other countries of the copyright union and is subject to royalty for all performances including but not limited to professional, amateur, charity and classroom whether admission is charged or presented free of charge. Reservation of Rights: This play is the property of the author and all rights for its use are strictly reserved and must be licensed by the author's representative, YouthPLAYS. This prohibition of unauthorized professional and amateur stage presentations extends also to motion pictures, recitation, lecturing, public reading, radio broadcasting, television, video and the rights of adaptation or translation into non-English languages. Performance Licensing and Royalty Payments: Amateur and stock performance rights are administered exclusively by YouthPLAYS. No amateur, stock or educational theatre groups or individuals may perform this play without securing authorization and royalty arrangements in advance from YouthPLAYS. Required royalty fees for performing this play are available online at www.YouthPLAYS.com. Royalty fees are subject to change without notice. -
Basic Water Treatment Math Formulas for Surface and Well Exams
Basic Water Treatment Math Formulas for Surface and Well Exams These formulas are intended to serve as a general resource and are not intended to be an all‐inclusive list. AREA Rectangle: A, ft2 = L * W Circle: A, ft2 = 0.785 * D2 VOLUME Rectangular Tank: V, ft3 = L * W * H Circular Pipe or Tank: V, ft3 = 0.785 * D2 * H FORCE Force, lbs = Area, Sq. Inches x PSI DOSAGE (Pounds Formula) Lbs = mg/L * MGD * 8.34 Mg/L = lbs MGD * 8.34 FLUORIDATION AFI = Molecular Weight of Fluoride/Total Molecular Weight of Chemical * (100) Feed Rate, lbs/day = (Dosage, mg/L)(Flow, MGD)(8.34, lbs/gal) (Fluoride Solution, as a decimal)(Purity, as a decimal) Feed Rate, gpd = Feed Rate, lbs/day Chemical Solution, lbs/gal Feed Dose, mg/L = Desired Dose, mg/L – Actual Concentration, mg/L Mixture Strength, % = (Tank, gal)(Tank, %)+(Vendor, gal)(Vendor, %) Tank, gal + Vendor, gal For Saturator Feed Rate, gpd = Capacity, gpd * dose, mg/L 18,000 mg/L FILTRATION 2 Filtration Rate (gpm/ft ) = flow, gpm Surface Area ft2 Backwash Water, (gal) = (Backwash Flow, gpm)(Backwash Time, min) Backwash Flow, (gpm) = (Filter Area sq. ft.)(Backwash Rate, gpm/sq ft.) Backwash % = (Total Backwash, gal)(100%) Totaled Filtered, gal Rate of Rise, (ft/min) = Backwash Rate, gpm/ft2 7.48 gals/ft3 Revised 9/15 PUMPS AND MOTORS Water, whp = (Flow, gpm)(Total Water Head, ft) 3,960 Brake, bhp = (Flow, gpm)(Head, ft.) (3,960)(Decimal Pump Efficiency) Motor, mhp = (Flow, gpm)(Head, ft.) (3,960)(Decimal Pump Efficiency)(Decimal Motor Efficiency) Total Dynamic Head, ft = Static Head, ft. -
The Prisoner's Apothecary
Oct. 30 - Nov. 6, 2019 www.lansingcitypulse.com Locally owned • A newspaper for the rest of us The Prisoner’s Apothecary Visiting MSU artist plants seeds to a revolution See page 15 2 www.lansingcitypulse.com City Pulse • October 30, 2019 Thanksgiving Fresh includes materials, snacks & refreshments Cut Flower $ Call the Floral Shop Centerpiece Class 45 517-372-5610 to reserve your spot City Pulse • October 30, 2019 www.lansingcitypulse.com 3 Favorite Tings Kewpee’s owner Autumn Weston and her Kewpie doll BWL Seeks Public Input on Future Energy Plan for Region The BWL will host open houses to seek public input as we update our plan to continue delivering cleaner, affordable and reliable power to the region. Join us at one of the dates below to learn about the BWL’s new Integrated Resource Plan People really don’t know how to that’s been part of us since we started (IRP), which will serve as the foundation for our take the baby. People don’t even know in 1923. I’m a fourth-generation own- what to call our mascot. Some know er and we always got Kewpie dolls for new strategic plan. what a Kewpie doll is, but most just our birthdays. I always thought “Can’t call it the “creepy baby.” Even I’m I get a Cabbage Patch doll or Barbie Wednesday, Nov. 6, 4:30-7pm guilty of that. I’ve got two tattoos of or something? This baby doesn’t even BWL REO Depot, 1201 S. Washington Ave., Lansing them so I don’t think they are that have clothes to play with.” creepy. -
Herbal Abortifacients and Their Classical Heritage in Tudor England
Penn History Review Volume 20 Issue 1 Spring 2013 Article 3 December 2013 Herbal Abortifacients and their Classical Heritage in Tudor England Alex Gradwohl University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/phr Recommended Citation Gradwohl, Alex (2013) "Herbal Abortifacients and their Classical Heritage in Tudor England," Penn History Review: Vol. 20 : Iss. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://repository.upenn.edu/phr/vol20/iss1/3 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/phr/vol20/iss1/3 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Herbal Abortifacients H#%1.0 A1'%$+&.2+#-$, .-* $)#+% C0.,,+2.0 H#%+$.3# +- T4*'% E-30.-*: Alex Gradwohl Although birth control is often considered to be a modern innovation, various forms of homeopathic anti-fertility measures have been in use since ancient times. Discussed at length by the great Greco-Roman medical authorities, certain herbs have long been utilized for their abortion-inducing properties. Centuries later, the extensive herbal guides and other medical texts of Tudor England seem to largely ignore the subject of anti-fertility herbs. Despite this apparent silence, however, classical knowledge of herbal abortifacients did not GLVDSSHDULQVL[WHHQWKFHQWXU\(QJODQG,QÁXHQFHGE\FKDQJLQJ attitudes and social acceptability concerning abortion, English medical and herbal writers included disguised information about certain herbs’ potential abortive uses, providing Tudor women with an important means to control their fertility.1 It is easy to overlook the inclusion of abortifacients when examining Tudor medical and herbal sources since they generally do not overtly reference or explain the uses of these herbs. -
Grain and Soybean Industry Dynamics and Rail Service
Grain and Soybean Industry Dynamics and Rail Service Analytical Models of Rail Service Operations Final Report Michael Hyland, Hani Mahmassani, Lama Bou Mjahed, and Breton Johnson Northwestern University Transportation Center (NUTC) Parr Rosson Texas A&M University 1 Executive Summary To remain globally competitive, the United States’ grain industry and associated transportation services underwent significant restructuring over the past fifteen years. New technologies, helped by weather changes, led to sustained yield volume increases in the Upper Midwest. To move larger volumes faster and at lower cost, the railroad industry introduced shuttle train service. Traveling as a unit to the same destination, shuttle trains save considerable time in transit and potential delay, bypassing intermediate classification yards. Grain shippers concurrently began consolidating and storing grain in larger, more efficient terminal elevators (shuttle loaders) instead of country elevators. This report examines the effectiveness of shuttle train service and the terminal elevators supporting the shuttle train system, under different demand levels, through the formulation of simple mathematical models. In order to compare shuttle and conventional rail service, this paper introduces three distinct models. The first model, referred to as the ‘time model’, determines the time it takes to transport grain from the farm to a destination (e.g. an export elevator). The second model, referred to as the ‘engineering cost model’, determines the aggregate variable costs of transporting grain from the farm to an export elevator. The third model, referred to as the ‘capacity model’, determines the maximum attainable capacity (i.e. throughput) of a rail network as a function of demand for rail transport and the percentage of railcars on the network being moved via shuttle service and conventional service. -
Comparative Study of 6 Inch and 7 Inch Spacings for Grain Drills1
120 NORTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION COMPARATIVE STUDY OF 6 INCH AND 7 INCH SPACINGS FOR GRAIN DRILLS1 By W. J. PROMERSBBRGER2 and C. M. SWALLERS2 4 Numerous experiments have been conducted to determine the effect of spacing upon plant development and yield of small grains and other crops6'7. Most of this work has been conducted by varying the rate of seeding in the row or by thinning the plants in the row. These studies have shown that tillering changes are sensitive to variation in spacing, while yields are determined largely by soil fertility, weather conditions, absence or presence of weeds, diseases and pests. Although evidence shows that spacing of drill rows within reason- able widths of four to eight inches has little or no effect on wheat yields', many users of grain drills have a preference for one width or another. Evidence of this is the construction and wide use of both six inch and seven inch grain drills. At one time the power necessary for drilling was a factor, especially on the press type of drill. At that time the seven inch drill came into use because it reduced the required power by one- seventh and by wider spacing eliminated some of the disadvantage of the closer wheels picking up soil when not quite dry. The wide use of tractor power has changed this picture today. Some farm implement manufacturers1 wish to discontinue the manufacture of one size and concentrate on the other size if either could be shown to be more desirable. To determine the more desirable width between the six inch arid seven inch drills, these grain drill manufacturers asked the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, in cooperation with a number of other stations, to determine the relative merits of these two widths of drills. -
Fundamentals of Math CHAPTER 1
© Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Fundamentals of Math CHAPTER 1 OBJECTIVES ■ Understand the difference between the Arabic and Roman numeral systems ■ Translate Arabic numerals to Roman numerals ■ Translate Roman numerals to Arabic numerals ■ Understand the metric system ■ Understand the apothecary system ■ Be able to convert metric to apothecary ■ Be able to convert apothecary to metric ARABIC NUMERALS The Arabic number system uses the numerals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and zero (0). It is also known as the decimal system. Depending on how these numbers are arranged determines the value of the number. For example, digits 4, 7, and 2 placed together (472) represent the number four hundred seventy-two. A decimal point (.) separates whole numbers, or units, from fractional num- bers, or fractional units. All numbers on the left side of the decimal point are considered whole numbers. All numbers placed on the right of the decimal point are considered fractional units, or less than one whole unit. The following num- ber line shows the relationship of Arabic numerals based on their position in a number. Ten-thousands hundreds ones tenths thousandths hundred-thousandths -----5------8------2-----4-----3---- . ----6------7------9------3------2-------------- thousands tens hundredths ten-thousandths The number 43.6 contains the numerals 4, 3, and 6. This represents forty-three units of one and six-tenths of one unit. Decimals will be covered in more detail in Chapter 2. 1 59612_CH01_FINAL.indd 1 8/20/09 7:38:45 PM © Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 2 Chapter 1 ■ Fundamentals of Math ROMAN NUMERALS The Roman numeral system does not utilize numerals. -
HANDBOOK of Medicinal Herbs SECOND EDITION
HANDBOOK OF Medicinal Herbs SECOND EDITION 1284_frame_FM Page 2 Thursday, May 23, 2002 10:53 AM HANDBOOK OF Medicinal Herbs SECOND EDITION James A. Duke with Mary Jo Bogenschutz-Godwin Judi duCellier Peggy-Ann K. Duke CRC PRESS Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. Peggy-Ann K. Duke has the copyright to all black and white line and color illustrations. The author would like to express thanks to Nature’s Herbs for the color slides presented in the book. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Duke, James A., 1929- Handbook of medicinal herbs / James A. Duke, with Mary Jo Bogenschutz-Godwin, Judi duCellier, Peggy-Ann K. Duke.-- 2nd ed. p. cm. Previously published: CRC handbook of medicinal herbs. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8493-1284-1 (alk. paper) 1. Medicinal plants. 2. Herbs. 3. Herbals. 4. Traditional medicine. 5. Material medica, Vegetable. I. Duke, James A., 1929- CRC handbook of medicinal herbs. II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Medicine, Herbal. 2. Plants, Medicinal.] QK99.A1 D83 2002 615′.321--dc21 2002017548 This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. -
Imperial Units
Imperial units From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the post-1824 measures used in the British Empire and countries in the British sphere of influence. For the units used in England before 1824, see English units. For the system of weight, see Avoirdupois. For United States customary units, see Customary units . Imperial units or the imperial system is a system of units, first defined in the British Weights and Measures Act of 1824, later refined (until 1959) and reduced. The system came into official use across the British Empire. By the late 20th century most nations of the former empire had officially adopted the metric system as their main system of measurement. The former Weights and Measures office in Seven Sisters, London. Contents [hide] • 1 Relation to other systems • 2 Units ○ 2.1 Length ○ 2.2 Area ○ 2.3 Volume 2.3.1 British apothecaries ' volume measures ○ 2.4 Mass • 3 Current use of imperial units ○ 3.1 United Kingdom ○ 3.2 Canada ○ 3.3 Australia ○ 3.4 Republic of Ireland ○ 3.5 Other countries • 4 See also • 5 References • 6 External links [edit] Relation to other systems The imperial system is one of many systems of English or foot-pound-second units, so named because of the base units of length, mass and time. Although most of the units are defined in more than one system, some subsidiary units were used to a much greater extent, or for different purposes, in one area rather than the other. The distinctions between these systems are often not drawn precisely.