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Opuscula 30 Book.Indb 183 25.2.2008 13:43:01 Mirja JARAK SMJERNICE U RAZVOJU SREDNJOVJEKOVNE ARHEOLOGIJE U HRVATSKOJ Opusc.Archaeol Mirja JARAK SMJERNICE U RAZVOJU SREDNJOVJEKOVNE ARHEOLOGIJE U HRVATSKOJ MAIN DIRECTIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDIEVAL ARCHAEOLOGY IN CROATIA Izvorni znanstveni članak / Original scientific paper Mirja Jarak UDK: 904(497.5)”653” Odsjek za arheologiju Primljeno / Received: 25. 04. 2007. Filozofski fakultet Prihvaćeno / Accepted: 21. 06. 2007. Sveučilište u Zagrebu Ivana Lučića 3 HR–10000 ZAGREB [email protected] U članku se povodom 50. obljetnice izlaženja časo- This article, written to mark the fiftieth anniversary pisa Opuscula archaeologica daje osvrt na radove koji of the journal Opuscula archaeologica, covers works su se na stranicama slavljeničkoga časopisa bavili on medieval topics printed in the journal’s pages. A srednjovjekovnim temama. Opisuje se širi kontekst definition is provided for the broader context of re- istraživačkih tokova i problema unutar pojedinih ve- search trends and problems within major thematic likih tematskih cjelina srednjovjekovne arheologije u units pertaining to medieval archaeology in Croatia. Hrvatskoj. Na taj način izloženo je svojevrsno viđe- Thus, a sort of vision of the development of medieval nje razvoja srednjovjekovne arheologije u posljednjih archaeology of the past fifty years is presented. Based 50-ak godina. Iz predočenih rezultata istraživanja i on the results of research and interpretations of the interpretacija arheološke građe može se zaključiti o archaeological materials, it is apparent that medie- intenzivnu razvoju srednjovjekovne arheologije u Hr- val archaeology in Croatia has developed intensively, vatskoj, koji će se, nesumnjivo, nastaviti i u buduć- a trend that will certainly continue in the future. nosti. Key words: medieval archaeology, Croatia, cem- Ključne riječi: srednjovjekovna arheologija, Hrvat- eteries, church architecture, settlements, Opuscula ska, groblja, crkvena arhitektura, naselja, Opuscula archaeologica archae ologica Pojava časopisa Opuscula archaeologica poduda­ The appearance of the journalOpuscula archaeolog- ra se s razvojem suvremenih istraživanja srednjo­ ica corresponded with the development of contem­ vjekovne arheologije. Nakon Drugoga svjetskog porary medieval archaeological research. After the rata započela su posvuda u Hrvatskoj, a posebno Second World War, major exploration of medieval u Dalmaciji, važna istraživanja srednjovjekovnih sites commenced throughout Croatia, especially in lokaliteta, čiji su rezultati omogućili razvoj spozna­ Dalmatia, and the ensuing results furthered knowl­ 183 opuscula 30 book.indb 183 25.2.2008 13:43:01 Mirja JARAK SMJERNICE U RAZVOJU SREDNJOVJEKOVNE ARHEOLOGIJE U HRVATSKOJ Opusc.archaeol. 30, 183­224, 2006. ja o bitnim pitanjima srednjovjekovnoga razdoblja edge of essential aspects of the medieval period and i poticajno djelovali na kasnija istraživanja, koja su spurred later research, which intensified in the final se u posljednjim desetljećima 20. stoljeća i u po­ decades of the twentieth century and the past sev­ sljednjim godinama naše suvremenosti intenzivi­ eral years. Some of the echoes of various thematic rala. Neki odrazi različitih tematskih usmjerenosti u orientations in research and interpretation of these istraživanjima i interpretacijama arheološke građe medieval archaeological materials also found their srednjovjekovnoga razdoblja našli su svoje mjesto place on the pages of the journal Opuscula archae- i na stranicama časopisa Opuscula archaeologica. ologica. In referring to these works, it is essential U osvrtu na te radove bitno je upozoriti na njihovu to highlight their importance to research trends uklopljenost u istraživačke tokove srednjovjekovno­ concerning the medieval period and the contribu­ ga razdoblja i na doprinos pojedinih autora, poseb­ tion of individual authors, particularly of the staff no djelatnika Odsjeka za arheologiju zagrebačkoga of the Archaeology Department at Zagreb’s Faculty Filozofskog fakulteta, razvoju srednjovjekovne ar­ of Arts and Letters, to the development of medi­ heologije u Hrvatskoj. Tako zamišljen osvrt zahtijeva eval archaeology in Croatia. An overview so con­ okvirnu sistematizaciju glavnih smjernica u razvoju ceived requires a general systematisation of main srednjovjekovne arheologije u Hrvatskoj, odnosno trends in the development of medieval archaeology izdvajanje onih tematskih cjelina i problema koji su in Croatia, and special reference to those thematic najviše zaokupljali pažnju istraživača i o kojima se u units and problems that garnered the most atten­ literaturi najviše pisalo. tion of researchers and about which the most has been written. Rani razvoj srednjovjekovne Early development of medieval arheologije nakon Drugoga archaeology after the Second svjetskog rata World War Početke suvremenih istraživanja na području sred­ The beginnings of contemporary research into njovjekovne arheologije obilježila su ponajprije medieval archaeology were primarily marked by važna revizijska istraživanja u Dalmaciji. Riječ je o important revisionary research in Dalmatia. This istraživanjima Stjepana Gunjače lokalitetâ poput is the research conducted by Stjepan Gunjača at Crkvine u Biskupiji (Gunjača 1953), Lopuške glavi­ sites such as Crkvina (Gunjača 1953), Lopuška ce u Biskupiji (Gunjača 1954), Stupova u Biskupiji glavica (Gunjača 1954) and Stupovi (Gunjača 1956), (Gunjača 1956). Lokaliteti su to kojih je važnost ne­ all sites in Biskupija, in the Dalmatian hinterland. prijeporna, a zbog manjkavosti ranijih istraživanja i The importance of these sites is indisputable, but a nedostatnih spoznaja o crkvenoj arhitekturi i svim shortage of earlier research and insufficient knowl­ popratnim nalazima nametala se potreba podrob­ edge of church architecture and all accompanying nih suvremenih istraživanja. Rezultati navedenih finds necessitated more detailed contemporary re­ revizijskih istraživanja omogućili su bolje sagleda­ search. The results of this revisionary research ena­ vanje značenja istraživanih lokaliteta i općenito su bled a better view into the significance of the exam­ poticajno djelovali na kasnije poduzimanje niza re­ ined sites and provided a general impetus for later vizijskih istraživanja povijesnih i drugih lokaliteta s revisionary research into historical and other sites važnim arheološkim ostacima u Dalmaciji. Spome­ with important archaeological remains in Dalmatia. nimo važna revizijska istraživanja na Gospinu otoku Worth mentioning is the important revisionary re­ u Solinu (Rapanić & Jelovina 1968–1969), na Putalju search at Gospin otok in Solin (Rapanić & Jelovina (Burić, Čače & Fadić 2001) i u Uzdolju kod Knina (Gu­ 1968–1969), at Putalj (Burić, Čače & Fadić 2001) and delj 2005). Navedena revizijska istraživanja karak­ in Uzdolje near Knin (Gudelj 2005). These revision­ teriziraju posebno važne lokalitete, one poznate iz ary researches characterised particularly important pisanih izvora, kao i lokalitete s važnim epigrafičkim sites, those known from written sources and sites spomenicima. Kako su neka od njih vršena posljed­ encompassing important epigraphic monuments. njih godina, a pritom je ostavljena mogućnost i no­ Since some of these researches were conducted in vih istraživanja, u budućoj arheološkoj djelatnosti recent years, and the possibility for new research u Dalmaciji revizijska istraživanja važnih lokaliteta is still open, revisionary researches into important svakako će svoje mjesto zauzimati i dalje. Spozna­ sites in Dalmatia will certainly assume a major role je koje takva istraživanja pružaju mnogostruko su in future archaeological activities. The knowledge utjecale na razvoj različitih tematskih cjelina unutar generated by such research has greatly influenced 184 opuscula 30 book.indb 184 25.2.2008 13:43:01 Mirja JARAK MAIN DIRECTIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDIEVAL ARCHAEOLOGY IN CROATIA Opusc.archaeol. 30, 183­224, 2006. srednjovjekovne arheologije, primjerice tipološka the development of various thematic units within razvrstavanja crkvene arhitekture, proučavanja pla­ medieval archaeology, such as, for example, the ty­ stike i grobnih nalaza. pological classification of church architecture and the study of sculpture and grave finds. Slika 1. Crkvina u Biskupiji, crkva Sv. Marije s grobljem (Durman Parallel to revisionary research, numerous new 2006: 95). researches in Dalmatia were conducted since the Figure 1. Crkvina in Biskupija, Church of St. Mary with graveyard onset of the post­war period. Researches were con­ (Durman 2006: 95). ducted in Dalmatian cities and in the territory of the old, medieval Croatian state, and the results of Istovremeno s revizijskim istraživanjima poduzi­ examinations of church architecture and cemeter­ mana su od početka poslijeratnoga razdoblja brojna ies were later used when compiling larger syntheses. nova istraživanja u Dalmaciji. Istraživalo se u dal­ Since it would be impossible to provide an exhaus­ matinskim gradovima i na prostoru starohrvatske tive account in a paper of this nature, suffice it to say države, a postignuti rezultati u proučavanju crkve­ that by the end of the 1950s the features of a large ne arhitekture i u proučavanju grobalja korišteni su number of churches of sexfoil type were known and 185 opuscula 30 book.indb 185 25.2.2008 13:43:06 Mirja JARAK SMJERNICE U RAZVOJU SREDNJOVJEKOVNE ARHEOLOGIJE U HRVATSKOJ Opusc.archaeol. 30, 183­224, 2006. kasnije pri izradi većih sintetskih djela. U nemoguć­ that several very important cemeteries were exam­ nosti iscrpnijeg osvrta na ta istraživanja spomeni­ ined, such as several cemeteries in the Kašić
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