COMPILED BY : GAUTAM SINGH STUDY MATERIAL – SPORTS 0 7830294949 Archery Archery is termed as a practice-sport, which means that it is more of a practice- oriented skill of using bow and arrow. Propelling an arrow with force through the air has only recently been considered a sport but it was always a very important hunting practise in olden days. Historically, archery has been used for hunting and combat purposes. But in modern times, archery had become a recreational and competitive sport. A person who indulges in archery is known as an archer or a bowman. An expert in archery is known as toxophilite. Archery involves using a bow to shoot arrows at a stationary target. There are ten concentric circles that represent different tracts on the circular disk used as the target. The scores are dependent on the area of the circle where the arrow hits. The objective is to shoot the target with an arrow. The bow string will be stretched after placing the back-end of the arrow for initialising an input force which throws it towards the target. THANKS FOR READING – VISIT OUR WEBSITE www.educatererindia.com COMPILED BY : GAUTAM SINGH STUDY MATERIAL – SPORTS 0 7830294949 Team Size Generally, the game is played alone where individuals practice shooting the target or the concentric circles. However, as per the interest of the event-conducting company, the levels and types are decided and finalized. A team of 5-10 members can be formed, where they will together try to out-score the other teams by making points. The arrows contain a soft material at its tip to avoid causing any injuries to the players. Participating Countries When the Olympics started, archery found its position high in the list of sports. Since then, many countries have fought for the world championship, however when it comes to serious contendership, only a few countries fight for the top position. Among all the competing nations, South Korea stands top in the list with 19 gold medals, 9 silver medals, 6 bronze medals and a total of 34 which was the highest of all. The list of other countries participating in Olympics archery is long and the number includes nearly all the countries in the world-map. The countries having at least one Olympics medal in Archery are: South Korea, United States, Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, China, Soviet Union, Finland, Ukraine, Australia, Netherlands, Spain, Japan, Sweden, Chinese Taipei, Germany, Mexico, Poland, Indonesia, Unified Team and Russia. Archery - Playing Environment Ground Design Archery is played on various types of fields according to the type of game. Ground archery requires a ground and a target. Well, other types of archery include Bow Hunting, Traditional Archery, 3D Archery, Field Archery, and Target Archery. Bow archery involves hunting animals using bow and arrow. It is the oldest-known form of archery and one of the most ancient hunting techniques. Long-range grounds are used for this of game play. Traditional Archery varies from country to country. The type of bow used in traditional archery varies according to the nation, following some ancient techniques. This is the reason this form of archery is called traditional archery. 3D archery tournaments provide for a non-violent version of bow archery with the use of modern technology, where the archers are instructed to train their arrows on 3D form THANKS FOR READING – VISIT OUR WEBSITE www.educatererindia.com COMPILED BY : GAUTAM SINGH STUDY MATERIAL – SPORTS 0 7830294949 of animals for shooting. The game provides a wooden walk or open course. This ground design is recommended by International Bow-hunting Organization. Field archery is played on a roving course which was set through the woods. There are paper targets ranging from 20 to 80 yards. It is one of the most exciting forms of archery and gives a feel of the old days of hunting. Target archery was featured in the Olympics Games. It consists of shooting bull’s-eye- style, multi-coloured target at certain distances. Different disciplines of the game has different grounds of play. Dimensions The most frequently-specified distance for shooting a target is between 20 to 80 yards. In Olympics, target archery has a length of 18 meters, i.e., about 20 yards indoor and between 30 to 90 meters outdoors. It depends on age of the archer and the style of equipment. Archery - Equipment The basic equipment required for Archery in Olympic Games are as follows − Armguard − A guard for protecting the arm from bowstring when the arrow is being released. Arrow − Arrows have maximum diameter of 9.3mm, although most arrows around 5.5mm were used for a faster flight and a lower wind drift. Bow − The draw weight of the bow for men should be around 22kg and for women it’s around 17kg. Bowstring − It is used for the bow. Mostly, the string is made of high-tech polythene which is generally stronger than steel. Chest guard − Plastic or leather is preferred, to put clothes away from the bowstring while releasing it. Shooting glove or Finger tab − Leather cloth for protecting finger while releasing the arrow. Fletching − To fly straight, a feather type material is put at the end of each arrow. Handle or Hand grip − The bow handle. Quiver − A container worn around the waist for holding the arrows. Nock − The rear end of an arrow is attached with a plastic holder that keeps the bowstring in its position. THANKS FOR READING – VISIT OUR WEBSITE www.educatererindia.com COMPILED BY : GAUTAM SINGH STUDY MATERIAL – SPORTS 0 7830294949 Sight − A machine placed on the bow that aids the archer’s aim. Other name is bow sight. Stabiliser − Weight on the bow mounted to stabilise it during and after the shot. Target − The target provided in the Olympics is 48inch in diameter, at 70meters away from the archer. The centre of the target is 1.3meters above ground. There are 10 rings of which the centre ring is of 4.8inches in diameter. Another ring of 4.8inches in diameter which serves as a tie breaker in the qualification of world record is also placed as the target. Archery - Terms Before taking a bow into the hand and throwing an arrow towards the target, it’s mandatory to learn a few terms in the field of archery for grasping little knowledge about the game and its features. Anchor Point − The point to be touched by the string before releasing the arrow. Archer’s Paradox − The effect generated by flexing of an arrow when it leaves the bow. Bow fishing − Using archery to catch fish. Bow hunting − Implementing archery in hunting and the practising of hunting. Broadhead − A sharp-bladed hunting head attached to an arrow. Bullseye − The centre of a target, for which hitting scores maximum points. Clout Archery − A discipline in archery to shoot at a flag. The closer arrow scores maximum points. Crest − Marking on an arrow used for design or identification. Crown − The nock end of the arrow where it is coloured. Daikyu − Term used by Japanese for longbow. Drawing − The pulling of the bowstring to an extreme stretch. Dry loosing − To loosen the string without an arrow, causing damage to the bow. End − A round in which arrows are shot. English Longbow − A powerful bow during medieval period. Field tip − Head for practising against the targets. Fistmele − A good distance or the balancing height between the bowstring and bow handle. THANKS FOR READING – VISIT OUR WEBSITE www.educatererindia.com COMPILED BY : GAUTAM SINGH STUDY MATERIAL – SPORTS 0 7830294949 Flu-flu arrow − A short range arrow that was specially designed for practising. Footed arrow − An arrow along with a shaft of two types of wood. Game − Wild animals hunted for sport or food. Gungdo − A practise followed in Korea for the archery game. Hen feather − Name for shaft feather which was misunderstood for cock feather. Horse archer − An archer sitting on a horse. Index fletching − A coloured fletch for indication of proper alignment of arrows. Judo point − A target and also a small game head designed with springs for a better location. Kisser − Button indicating vertical distance while a bow is drawn. Limb − Lower and upper arms of a bow. Longrod − Rod on the bow attached to sustain vibrations. Mongolian Draw − To draw a bow using the thumb. Nock − To set an arrow to a bow. Overdraw − The situation when the bow is too large for the bow string. Plunger/ Pressure Button − Device for correcting the flex of an arrow during its release. Poisons − Toxics added to arrow heads to enhance the hunting impact. Quarrel − Also known as a bolt, it is a crossbow projection. Recurve bow − A bow, where the unstrung tips curve farther from the archer. Release − To relax the drawing hand fingers to free the arrow. Riser − The section for handling the bow. Safety arrow − Wide tip or padded head arrow, generally used for re-enactment. Self-bow − Bow made of single material. Shaft − The most important of all structural parts in an arrow. Spine − Stiffness in the shaft of an arrow with flex contraction. Stave − Wooden material used in making a bow. Tab − This leather latch is worn for the protection of fingers. Target archery − From different distances, shooting a steady target. THANKS FOR READING – VISIT OUR WEBSITE www.educatererindia.com COMPILED BY : GAUTAM SINGH STUDY MATERIAL – SPORTS 0 7830294949 Target shooting − A competition of using projectile weapons for testing expertise in archers. Tip − Top end of the bow, differentiated from arrow point. Upshot − The archery contest’s last shot. Vane − The fin of an arrow that stabilises the motion.