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Assuring Assured Access to Space Committee on Armed Services House of Representatives i [H.A.S.C. No. 114–21] ASSURING ASSURED ACCESS TO SPACE HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON STRATEGIC FORCES OF THE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED FOURTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION HEARING HELD MARCH 17, 2015 U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 94–223 WASHINGTON : 2015 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 SUBCOMMITTEE ON STRATEGIC FORCES MIKE ROGERS, Alabama, Chairman TRENT FRANKS, Arizona JIM COOPER, Tennessee DOUG LAMBORN, Colorado, Vice Chair LORETTA SANCHEZ, California MIKE COFFMAN, Colorado RICK LARSEN, Washington MO BROOKS, Alabama JOHN GARAMENDI, California JIM BRIDENSTINE, Oklahoma MARK TAKAI, Hawaii J. RANDY FORBES, Virginia BRAD ASHFORD, Nebraska ROB BISHOP, Utah PETE AGUILAR, California MICHAEL R. TURNER, Ohio JOHN FLEMING, Louisiana STEVE KITAY, Professional Staff Member LEONOR TOMERO, Counsel ERIC SMITH, Clerk (II) C O N T E N T S Page STATEMENTS PRESENTED BY MEMBERS OF CONGRESS Rogers, Hon. Mike, a Representative from Alabama, Chairman, Subcommittee on Strategic Forces ............................................................................................... 1 WITNESSES Bruno, Salvatore T. ‘‘Tory,’’ President and Chief Executive Officer, United Launch Alliance .................................................................................................... 3 Hyten, Gen John E., USAF, Commander, U.S. Air Force Space Command ....... 28 LaPlante, Dr. William A., Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition, Department of Defense ........................................................................................ 26 McFarland, Hon. Katrina G., Assistant Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Department of Defense ........................................................................................ 25 Mitchell, Maj Gen Howard J. ‘‘Mitch,’’ USAF (Ret.), Chairman, USAF-Char- tered RD–180 Availability Risk Mitigation Study ............................................. 29 Shotwell, Gwynne, President and Chief Operating Officer, Space Exploration Technologies Corporation .................................................................................... 5 APPENDIX PREPARED STATEMENTS: Bruno, Salvatore T. ‘‘Tory’’ .............................................................................. 57 Cooper, Hon. Jim, a Representative from Tennessee, Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Strategic Forces .............................................................. 56 Hyten, Gen John E. .......................................................................................... 104 LaPlante, Dr. William A. ................................................................................. 94 McFarland, Hon. Katrina G. ........................................................................... 88 Mitchell, Maj Gen Howard J. ‘‘Mitch’’ ............................................................ 114 Rogers, Hon. Mike ............................................................................................ 53 Shotwell, Gwynne ............................................................................................. 67 DOCUMENTS SUBMITTED FOR THE RECORD: [There were no Documents submitted.] WITNESS RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS ASKED DURING THE HEARING: Ms. Sanchez ...................................................................................................... 125 QUESTIONS SUBMITTED BY MEMBERS POST HEARING: Mr. Brooks ......................................................................................................... 134 Mr. Coffman ...................................................................................................... 133 Mr. Rogers ......................................................................................................... 129 (III) ASSURING ASSURED ACCESS TO SPACE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON STRATEGIC FORCES, Washington, DC, Tuesday, March 17, 2015. The subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 4:13 p.m., in room 2118, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Mike Rogers (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding. OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. MIKE ROGERS, A REPRESENT- ATIVE FROM ALABAMA, CHAIRMAN, SUBCOMMITTEE ON STRATEGIC FORCES Mr. ROGERS. Good afternoon. I want to welcome everybody to the Strategic Forces Subcommittee hearing on assured access to space. We will be conducting two panels today. In the first panel, we have two expert witnesses from industry who represent our current and projected near-term providers of na- tional security space launch in the Evolved Expendable Launch Ve- hicle [EELV] program. In our second panel, we have three senior government officials who have responsibilities over EELV program and one advisor to the government. Testifying on Panel 1 is Mr. Tory Bruno, President and CEO [Chief Executive Officer] of United Launch Alliance [ULA], and Ms. Gwynne Shotwell, President and Chief Operating Officer of Space Exploration Technologies Corporation [SpaceX]. We appreciate you both taking the time to be here today and offer your perspectives, including the challenges and opportunities related to our national security space launch activities. In this job as chairman of the Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, I have come to more fully appreciate the importance of our space to our country. It is one of the underpinnings of our national secu- rity. Let me provide an example. If a foreign adversary was to launch an intercontinental ballistic missile at our country, our military would rapidly detect this missile launch through our Space-Based Infrared System satellites, and the information would be provided to our highest national command authorities to appropriately re- spond. Such response would almost certainly be transmitted across space-based communications satellites to combatant commanders all over the world, who would order our military forces to take ac- tion, and those troops would rely on space-based intelligence sur- veillance and reconnaissance capabilities and communication capa- bilities to perform their mission and return home safely. (1) 2 These are extremely important capabilities that American lives may literally depend upon. We can’t have space capabilities like this without an effective launch program. This is literally rocket science. So, one of my top priorities in this job is to make sure that we have assured access to space both now and in the future. We have come a long way since the late 1990s, when we went through a span of 10 months and suffered five launch vehicle fail- ures. Since 2006, we have benefitted from an unparalleled record of success through the Air Force partnership with United Launch Alliance with 78 successful launches in the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle program. Most recently this partnership has also brought tremendous sav- ings to the taxpayers, $4.4 billion, according to the Air Force, as a result of a 36-rocket core block-buy contract. Now we are once again entering into a new phase for the EELV. We are transitioning to a more competitive environment. Many steps have been taken by the government, including Congress and the Department of Defense, to encourage this. Congress provided funding that was dedicated to new entrants for the two launches. SpaceX was awarded both of those contracts. And the Air Force has spent nearly $60 million and allocated more than 100 government employees to help certify SpaceX for the EELV program, which it may do in the near months ahead. We look forward to competition in the EELV program because that will achieve the best outcome for the benefit of our taxpayers and our warfighters. Lastly, it is extremely important that we work to transition off relying on Russian engines for national security launch purposes. The intention of the fiscal year 2015 NDAA [National Defense Au- thorization Act] was to provide a reasonable transition. Section 1608 language regarding prohibition of procuring Russian rocket engines included specific exceptions and waivers. We intended to allow the use of the Russian engines that we un- derstood to be on contract through the period of time that we be- lieved would allow for the development of the new U.S. engine. My understanding is the Department of Defense may not be inter- preting it the same way. This remains an issue that we look for- ward to understanding better today. Regarding the development of a new engine, I understand this will take time. But I believe in our U.S. history, and I believe that once the men and women in the Department of Defense have the red tape eliminated, we can do this expediently, effectively, and ef- ficiently. We should take the lowest risk approach that is in accord- ance with the terms of section 1604 of the fiscal year 2015 NDAA. Thank you again for being with us today regarding this impor- tant topic. I look forward to your testimony. I now recognize my friend and colleague from Tennessee, Mr. Cooper, for an opening statement. [The prepared statement of Mr. Rogers can be found in the Ap- pendix on page 53.] Mr. COOPER. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. In view of the lateness of the hour, since this hearing was de- layed almost 45 minutes due to votes, I ask unanimous consent that I insert my opening statement in the record. 3 Mr. ROGERS. Without objection. [The prepared statement of Mr. Cooper can be found in the Ap- pendix on page 56.] Mr. ROGERS. However, I have read his
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