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St. Catharines, Ontario - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia St. Catharines, Ontario - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Catharines%2C_Ontario St. Catharines, Ontario Coordinates: 43.1799, -79.24 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia City of St. Catharines Historic buildings line St. Paul Street in Downtown St. Catharines; the former bed of the First Welland canal is in the foreground. Flag Logo Coat of arms Nickname: The Garden City Motto: Industry and Liberality Location of St. Catharines and its census metropolitan area in Ontario Canada Ontario Niagara 1845 (town) 1876 (city) Brian McMullan St. Catharines City Council Rick Dykstra Jim Bradley km² (37.1 sq mi) 382.68 km² (147.8 sq mi) 1,397.50 km² (539.6 sq mi) m (321 ft) 131,989 ( Ranked 33rd) 1,373.3/km² (3,556.8/sq mi) 308,596 ( Ranked 12th) 545.02/km² (1,411.6/sq mi) 390,317 ( Ranked 12th) 279.3/km² (723.4/sq mi) Source: Statistics Canada http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3526053&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=St.%20Catharines&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= ) Eastern (EST) ( UTC-5) UTC-4 ) L2M-L2W, L0S 905/289 Website: City of St. Catharines (http://www.stcatharines.ca) St. Catharines (2006 population 131,989; metropolitan population 390,317) is the largest city in the Niagara Region and the sixth largest urban area in Ontario, Canada, with 97.11 1 of 9 12/27/2007 9:46 AM St. Catharines, Ontario - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Catharines%2C_Ontario square kilometres (37.5 sq mi) of land. It lies 51 kilometres (32 mi) south of Toronto across Lake Ontario and is 19 kilometres (12 mi) inland from the international boundary with the United States of America along the Niagara River. It is the northern entrance of the Welland Canal. Residents of St. Catharines are known as St. Catharinites . St. Catharines carries the official nickname "The Garden City" due to its 1,000 acres (4 km²) of meticulously groomed parks, gardens and trails. Manufacturing is the city's dominant industry, as noted by the heraldic motto, "Industry and Liberality". General Motors operates two plants in the city and until recently was the city's largest employer, an honour now held by the District School Board of Niagara. TRW operate a plant in the city, though in recent years employment has shifted from heavy industry and manufacturing to services. St. Catharines lies on one of the main telecommunications backbones between Canada and the United States, and as a result a number of call centres operate in the city. Combined, call centres employ the largest percentage of St. Catharines residents. Contents 1 History 2 Geography and climate 2.1 Major parks 3 Government and politics 3.1 Municipal 3.2 Provincial 3.3 Federal 3.4 Legal 4 Transportation 5 Education 6 Communities and development 7 Demographics 8 City issues 8.1 Poverty 9 Local media 9.1 Newspapers 9.2 Radio 9.3 Television 9.4 Online News 10 Sister cities 11 Sports and leisure 11.1 Lacrosse 11.2 Hockey 11.3 Soccer 11.4 Rowing 11.5 Trails system 11.6 Whitewater park 12 Arts and culture 12.1 Art Councils 12.2 Art galleries 12.3 Festivals 12.4 Museums 12.5 Musical theatre 13 Shopping 14 See also 15 References 16 External links History The city was first settled by Loyalists in the 1780s. The first settlers, Sergeant Jacob Dittrick and Private John Hainer of Butler's Rangers, came to the area where Dick's Creek met Twelve Mile Creek. Dick's Creek was named after another early settler, Richard Pierpoint, a native of Bundu (now part of Senegal). Pierpoint was commonly known as Captain Dick. This part of the settlement eventually became the centre of town. Native trails were used as travel routes, resulting in present day radial road pattern from the city centre. The first business, a goods storehouse owned by Robert Hamilton, was established around 1783. The first mill, Crown Mills, was opened in 1786. The surrounding land was surveyed, and townships created, between 1787 and 1789. The small settlement was known at the time as "The Twelve". In 1797, the first inn was built by Thomas Adams, located on the east side of Ontario Street next to what is now St. Paul Street. It became a community meeting place and stagecoach rest stop. In 1798, "The Twelve" became known as "Shipman's Corners", after the inn's new owner, Paul Shipman. According to some sources, St. Paul Street - the main route in and out of the city at the time - was named after him also. As Shipman's Corners , the town was visited by Laura Secord during the War of 1812, en route to warn James Fitzgibbon of the advancing Americans. She was travelling with her niece Elizabeth Secord, but Elizabeth was exhausted at that point and ceased her journey there. Laura Secord continued on to warn Fitzgibbon successfully. In 1808, the first name "St. Catharines" appeared for the first time on a survey, named after Robert Hamilton's wife, Catharine Hamilton. In 1817, the post office was established with the name "St. Catherines" (sic), but by 1821, the name was officially "St. Catharines". The first Welland Canal was constructed from 1824-33 behind what is now known as St. Paul Street, using Twelve Mile and Dick's Creek. William Hamilton Merritt worked tirelessly to promote the ambitious venture, both by raising funds and by enlisting government support. The canal established St. Catharines as the hub of commerce and industry for the Niagara Peninsula. The art deco facade of St. Catharines City Hall Merritt would also play a role in making St. Catharines an important place of abolitionist activity. In 1855, the British Methodist Episcopal (completed 1937) Church and Salem Chapel was established at the corner of Geneva and North streets, on land granted to the congregation by Merritt in the early 1840s. The area became known to escaped slaves as a place of "refuge and rest", and cemented it as the final terminus on the Underground Railroad. The Town of St. Catharines was incorporated in 1845. St. Catharines was incorporated as a city in 1876. 2 of 9 12/27/2007 9:46 AM St. Catharines, Ontario - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Catharines%2C_Ontario Geography and climate St. Catharines enjoys a unique micro-climate because of the moderating influence of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie and the sheltering effect of the Niagara Escarpment to the south. As a result, the city can record a large number of frost-free days in the winter. The summer season is predominantly warm, sometimes hot and humid, with the average temperature of 27°C (81°F) in July, but humidity is often high making feel more than 40 °C (104 °F) with the humidex factor. Weather averages for St. Catharines [hide] Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average high °C -0.5 0.3 5.4 12.2 19.4 24.3 27.1 25.9 21.5 14.9 8.3 2.4 13.4 Average low °C -7.7 -7.4 -3.2 2.1 7.8 13.3 16.4 15.7 11.6 5.6 0.9 -4.5 4.2 Precipitation mm 63.1 51.9 67.9 77.8 74.9 82.5 73.6 72.1 91.5 68.5 75.5 74.2 873.6 Average high °F 31.1 32.5 41.7 54.0 66.9 75.7 80.8 78.6 70.7 58.8 46.9 36.3 56.1 Average low °F 18.1 18.9 26.2 35.8 46.0 55.9 61.5 60.3 52.9 42.1 33.6 23.9 39.6 Precipitation inch 2.48 2.04 2.67 3.06 2.95 3.25 2.90 2.84 3.60 2.70 2.97 2.92 34.39 Source: Environment Canada [1] January 2006 The complex and extensive glacial history of the Niagara Peninsula has resulted in similarly complex soil stratigraphy in the area occupied by the city today. St. Catharines was once at the base of a glacial lake known as Glacial Lake Iroquois, which deposited thick layers of clay between the Escarpment and Lake Ontario. As a result of these factors, the city's soil is particularly conducive to fruit growing and is capable of producing grapes that are used to make award-winning wines. Three wineries operate in the city's west-end: Henry of Pelham, Hernder Estates and Harvest Estates. Since the opening of the first Welland Canal in 1829, the city has seen four different canal systems, whether modified or newly constructed, carved into its geographical landscape. The fourth and present-day canal forms the majority of the city's eastern boundary. The first three of the city's canals have largely been buried, portions of it beneath the present-day Highway 406 and Queen Elizabeth Way. Other remnants of the original canals can still be seen in various locations throughout the city, many of which are hidden within forested areas designated as Grapes from a family vineyard near the city's city parks. There has been a growing movement in recent years to restore the original routing of the Welland Canal through the city. The west-end restored waterway and locks would be open to pleasure craft and create a new tourist attraction within the city.
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