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Nano-Solar - a Technique for Optimal Usage of Solar Energy International Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Management ISSN 2320 – 3439, Vol. 02, No. 01, January 2013, pp. 15 - 19 Nano-Solar - A Technique for Optimal Usage of Solar Energy HARISH THUTUPALLI Electronics and Instrumentation engineering, CVR College of Engineering, Hyderabad-501510, AP, India. E.Mail: [email protected] Abstract: Nano-solar is a technique designed in order to help the world to fulfill its energy requirements. Our resources of energy are in their merge of extinction. So to fabricate our present luxury and comfort we are in urge to have an alternative for this energy generation. This alternative will surely be renewable energies i.e. solar energy. But it needs investments such as large working area and also amount in huge. To avert this we are applying nanotechnology in case of this conversion of solar energy into electrical energy. Photo voltaic cell is used for the generation of electricity from the renewable solar energy. The application of nanotechnology in forms of nano-tubes in consideration with photovoltaic cells is done. The implementation of photovoltaic cells is also explained. It also provides a designated solution for space requirements in case of implementing the conversion process of solar energy into electrical energy. The paper reveals how this world can get its freedom in energy requirements. Energy requirements of the world will also be solved only through nanotechnology and applications. So nanotechnology is not only an atomic re-constructor but also a sensitive and efficient tool for energy generation and also for many other aspects. So if nanotechnology has been implemented incase of photovoltaic cells, it will surely be resolution for power generation from the solar energy. By applying the nanotechnology, world will be the “handled device of nanotechnology” and it will also be true in case of energy generation. Introduction We are all in the world of extinction i,e. our resources of energy are in their merge of extinction, with their depletion the world will be a zero in case we have then nothing to do with this world. So to fabricate our present luxury and comfort we are in urge to have an alternative for this energy generation. This alternative will surely be renewable energies. With that the best we are having is our life giving solar energy. Even though we are generating our energy by means of solar energy, it needs investments such as large working area and also amount in huge. To avert this we are applying nanotechnology in case of this conversion of solar energy into electrical energy [2]. Nanotechnology can be prominently be defined as an application of particles which are nanometers in size. We can have nanotubes, nanopoweders, nanorobots etc, in the sense we can also define nanotechnology as a tool for atomic reconstruction of products, so no property of a material will be getting modified. Nanotechnology can also be used as reducing the size of the atoms without altering its property. We are having photovoltaic cells for the generation of Need To Apply Nano Technology in Energy electricity from solar energy this photo voltaic cell can Generation be defined as semi conductor devices, usually made of Even though we are having many existing silicon, which contain no liquids corrosion chemicals technologies to generate electrical energy from solar or moving parts, nanotubes which are applied with but all need wide space and huge economic. We all photo voltaic cells can be defined as nanocrystalline know with solar energy, we can even generate energy material and can grow up to 200 nanometers. With 20 times as more than this world is requiring, but due this property the efficiency of the photo voltaic cells to large scale of economy and lack of efficiency we has been tending to increase. Nanotubes are best are unable to implant the current technologies. So the replacers to certain dye sensitive areas in solar cells. experts are now in the thirst for new technology which should have to overcome the defects of prevailing IJAEM 020104 Copyright @ 2012 SRC. All rights reserved. HARISH THUTUPALLI technologies such as size of product and low Working of PV efficiency. Photovoltaic is the direct conversion of light into After curious research and implementation we have electricity at atomic level. Some materials exhibit a got nanotechnology solution for this above described property known as photo electric effects that causes problems. Because when we apply normal them to absorb photons of light and release electrons. technologies size of solar cell will be at least up to When these electrons are captured, an electric current 200mm but when the same is engineered or created result that can be used as electricity. with the application of nanotechnology, the overall The diagram above illustrates the operation of a basic size of solar cell will be restricted up to 50nms. photovoltaic cell, also called a solar cell. Solar cells Because if normal photo voltaic cell with dye are made of the same kinds of semiconductor sensitive agents in the size of 5mm generates 3watts materials, Such as silicon. For solar cells, a thin of power then same photovoltaic cell but dyes semiconductor wafer is specially treated to form an sensitive agent replace with nanotubes can generate electric field, positive on one side and negative on the power up to 6.4watts. So no technology can bridge the other. When light energy strikes the solar cell, nanotechnology. Hence nanoprodudcts or electrons are knocked loose from the atoms in the nanomaterials are having higher efficiency in semiconducting material. This electricity can then be comparison with other products. used to power a load, such as a light or a tool. A So need for implementation has made clear cut of number of solar cells electrically connected to each nanotechnology in energy generation. The current other and mounted in a support structure or frame is goal for the research community is to improve the life called a photovoltaic module. Modules are designed to time and efficiency of organic solar cells. supply electricity at a certain voltage, such as a common 12 volts system. The current produced is Generation of Electricity with Photovoltaic Cells directly dependent on how much light strikes the Photo voltaic cells come in many sizes, but most are module [3]. 10cm by 10cm and generate about half a volt of electricity. PV cells are bundled together in modules Implementation of PV Cells or panels to produce higher voltages and increased When a photon is absorbed, its energy is given to an power. A 12volt module, for example, depending on electron in the crystal lattice. Usually this electron is its power output, could have 30-40PV cells. A module in the valance band, and is tightly bound in covalent producing 50 watts of power measures approximately bonds between neighboring atoms, and hence unable 40cm by 100cm. PV panels are not highly efficient, to move far. The energy given to it by the photon converting only 12-15%of the sun’s light in to “excites” it into the conduction band, where it is free electricity, but laboratory proto types are reaching to move around within the semiconductor. The 30% efficiency. covalent bond that the electron was previously is a PV modules generate D.C, the kind of electricity part of now has one fewer electron-this is known as a produced by batteries. Although incandescent light’s hole. The presence of a missing covalent bond allows can operate on D.C, most electric devices require the bonded electrons of neighboring atoms to move in 120volt AC as supplied by utilities a device known as to the “hole”, leaving another hole behind, and in this an inverter converts DC to AC current. Inverters vary way a hole can move through the lattice. Thus, it can in size and in the quality of electricity they supply. be said that photons absorbed in the semiconductor Less expensive inverters are suitable for simple loads, create mobile electron-hole pairs. such as lights and water pumps, but models with good A photon need only have greater energy than that of quality wave form output are needed to power band gap in order to excite an electron from the electronic devices such as TVs, stereos microwave valance band in to the conduction band. However, the ovens and computers. solar frequency spectrum approximates a black body spectrum at ~6000k, and as such, much of the solar radiation reached. Multiple modules can be wired together to form an array. In general the larger the area of a module or array, the more electricity that will be produced. Photo voltaic modules and arrays produce D.C. they can be connected in both series and parallel electrical arrangements to produce any required voltage and current combination. Today’s most common PV devices use a single junction, or interface, to create an electric field with n a semi conductor such as a PV cell. In a single junction PV cell, only photons whose energy is equal International Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Management ISSN 2320 – 3439, Vol. 02, No. 01, January 2013, pp. 15 - 19 Nano-Solar - A Technique for Optimal Usage of Solar Energy to or greater than the band gap of the cell material can remain efficient even when the sun is not directly free an electron for an electric circuit. In other words, overhead. That could allow them to be used on spacecraft without the mechanical aiming systems that maintain a constant orientation to the sun, reducing weight and complexity – and improving reliability. “The efficiency of our cells increases as the sunlight goes away from perpendicular, so we may not need mechanical arrays to rotate our cells,” Ready noted [1].
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