Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Open File Report
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40 Common Minerals and Their Uses
40 Common Minerals and Their Uses Aluminum Beryllium The most abundant metal element in Earth’s Used in the nuclear industry and to crust. Aluminum originates as an oxide called make light, very strong alloys used in the alumina. Bauxite ore is the main source aircraft industry. Beryllium salts are used of aluminum and must be imported from in fluorescent lamps, in X-ray tubes and as Jamaica, Guinea, Brazil, Guyana, etc. Used a deoxidizer in bronze metallurgy. Beryl is in transportation (automobiles), packaging, the gem stones emerald and aquamarine. It building/construction, electrical, machinery is used in computers, telecommunication and other uses. The U.S. was 100 percent products, aerospace and defense import reliant for its aluminum in 2012. applications, appliances and automotive and consumer electronics. Also used in medical Antimony equipment. The U.S. was 10 percent import A native element; antimony metal is reliant in 2012. extracted from stibnite ore and other minerals. Used as a hardening alloy for Chromite lead, especially storage batteries and cable The U.S. consumes about 6 percent of world sheaths; also used in bearing metal, type chromite ore production in various forms metal, solder, collapsible tubes and foil, sheet of imported materials, such as chromite ore, and pipes and semiconductor technology. chromite chemicals, chromium ferroalloys, Antimony is used as a flame retardant, in chromium metal and stainless steel. Used fireworks, and in antimony salts are used in as an alloy and in stainless and heat resisting the rubber, chemical and textile industries, steel products. Used in chemical and as well as medicine and glassmaking. -
Eparation of the Purest Aluminum Chemicals
III. MINERAL COMMODITIES A. INDIVIDUAL MINERAL COMMODITY REVIEWS ALUMINA & ALUMINUM A. Commodity Summary Aluminum, the third most abundant element in the earth's crust, is usually combined with silicon and oxygen in rock. Rock that contains high concentrations of aluminum hydroxide minerals is called bauxite. Although bauxite, with rare exceptions, is the starting material for the production of aluminum, the industry generally refers to metallurgical grade alumina extracted from bauxite by the Bayer Process, as the ore. Aluminum is obtained by electrolysis of this purified ore.1 The United States is entirely dependent on foreign sources for metallurgical grade bauxite. Bauxite imports are shipped to domestic alumina plants, which produce smelter grade alumina for the primary metal industry. These alumina refineries are in Louisiana, Texas, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.2 The United States must also import alumina to supplement this domestic production. Approximately 95 percent of the total bauxite consumed in the United States during 1994 was for the production of alumina. Primary aluminum smelters received 88 percent of the alumina supply. Fifteen companies operate 23 primary aluminum reduction plants. In 1994, Montana, Oregon, and Washington accounted for 35 percent of the production; Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee combined to account for 20 percent; other states accounted for the remaining 45 percent. The United States is the world’s leading producer and the leading consumer of primary aluminum metal. Domestic consumption in 1994 was as follows: packaging, 30 percent; transportation, 26 percent; building, 17 percent; electrical, 9 percent; consumer durables, 8 percent; and other miscellaneous uses, 10 percent. -
Ofr034 85.Pdf
GALLIUM AND GERMANIUM POTENTIAL IN ALASKA by: Steven A. Fechner **k*t******k**************-k****f******* 1\ 34-85 I I UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Donald P. Hodel, Secretary I BUREAU OF MINES I Robert C. Horton, Director I CONTENTS Page Abstract............. ................... .... .............. ... .... 1 Introduction........ ..................................... 1 Acknowledgments............................................. 2 Bureau of Mines investigation.................................. 2 Results............. .................. .......................... 3 Gallium............ ................... ...... .... ............. 3 Germanium....................... .......................... 6 Potential ......... ........................................ ...... 7 Conclusions and recommendations................................. 7 References............... ............... ................... 9 ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Gallium and germanium location map of Alaska............(in pocket) TABLES 1. Recoverable gallium and germanium concentrations in ore deposits............................................. ........ 4 2. Analytical results from selected mineral specimens and concentrates................................................ 5 i UNIT OF MEASURE ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS REPORT ppm Parts per million % Percent ii GALLIUM AND GERMANIUM POTENTIAL IN ALASKA By Steven A. Fechner 1/ ABSTRACT The U.S. Bureau of Mines is currently conducting a mineral study of the gallium and germanium potential in Alaska as part of the critical and strategic -
The Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica Bauxite /Alumina Symposium 1971
I THE JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAMAICA BAUXITE /ALUMINA SYMPOSIUM 1971 LIBRARY 01' ISSUE '/// <°* PREFACE The recent Bauxite/Alumina Industry Symposium, which was sponsored by the Geo logical Society of Jamaica, was an attempt to bring together scientists and engineers to discuss the many problems relating to the industry. Ihe use of a multi-dicipli- nary approach has the advantage of permitting different lines of attack on the same problems, and thereby increasing the likelihood of finding solutions to them. Also, the interaction of people from the University, industry and Government greatly facilitates communication and allows problems to be evaluated and examined from different points of view. The bauxite/alumina industry was selected for discussion because of its significance in the economy of Jamaica. It contributed about 16% of the country's total Gross Domestic Product in 1970, and is the economic sector with the greatest potential for growth. Jamaica's present viable mineral industry only dates back to 19S2 when Reynolds Jamaica Mines, Limited started the export of kiln dried metallurgical grade bauxite ore. This was followed shortly by the production and export of alumina by the then Alumina Jamaica Limited (now Alcan Jamaica, Limited), a subsidiary of the Aluminium Company of Canada. The commencement of this new and major industry followed a successful exploration and development programme which resulted largely from the keen perception and perseverance of two men. First, Mr. R.F. Innis observed that some of the cattle lands on the St. Ann plateau were potential sources of aluminium ore, and then Sir Alfred DaCosta persisted in attempts to interest aluminium companies in undertaking exploration work here. -
Geochemical Report on the Long B Claims Texada Island
GEOCHEMICAL REPORT ON THE LONG B CLAIMS TEXADA ISLAND NANAIMO MINING DIVISION 92F/9W, 49' 37', 124" 17' BY J.T. SHEARER, M.Sc. for cj CARIB00 GOLD CORPORATION P.O. BOX 4237, QUESNEL, B.C. V2J 353 OWNERS: E.T. Johanson, R.E. Mickle, J.E. Newman Field work completed between April 15 and April 27, 1985 May 8, 1985 CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES i SUMMARY ii INTRODUCTION 1 CLAIM STATUS AND ACCESS 2 FIELD PROCEDURES 3 GEOLOGY 3 MINERALIZATION 5 GEOCHEMISTRY 6 cs CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7 REFERENCES 10 APPENDIX I List of Personnel and Dates Worked 11 APPENDIX I1 Statement of Qualifications 12 APPENDIX I11 Statement of Costs 13 APPENDIX IV Analytical Procedures and Gold 15 Hi stogr am APPENDIX V Geochemical Assay Certificates 17 and Rock Description Sheets APPENDIX VI British Columbia Department of Mines 30 G. Forms, Long B. Claims APPENDIX VI1 List of Suppliers, Texada Island 33 APPENDIX VI11 Estimate of Costs for Future Exploration 34 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES Following Page FIGURE 1 LOCATION MAP 1 2 ACCESS MAP 1 :125,000 2 3 CLAIM MAP 1 :50,000 2 4 TOPOGRAPHIC MAP 1 :50,000 2 5 REGIONAL GEOLOGY 1:250,000 3 o 6 DETAfL, SOUTHEAST 1 :2,500 (fold out) 4 AREA 7 DETAIL, UPPER CREEK 5 AREA 1:1,000 (fold out) 8 SOIL PROFILE 1 1 :10 (fold out) 6 9 SOIL PROFILE 2 1 :10 (fold out) 7 10 SOIL GRID, LONG 1 :2,500 (in B CLAIM pocket ) TABLES TABLE 1 LIST OF CLAIMS 2 ii SUMMARY 1. -
Fluid-Inclusion Petrology Data from Porphyry Copper Deposits and Applications to Exploration COVER PHOTOGRAPHS 1
- . Fluid-Inclusion Petrology Data from PorpHyry Copper Deposits and Applications to Exploration COVER PHOTOGRAPHS 1. Asbestos ore 8. Aluminum ore, bauxite, Georgia I 2 3 4 2. Lead ore, Balmat mine, N.Y. 9. Native copper ore, Keweenawan 5 6 3. Chromite, chromium ore, Washington Peninsula, Mich. 4. Zinc ore, Friedensville, Pa. 10. Porphyry molybdenum ore, Colorado 7 8 5. Banded iron-formation, Palmer, 11. Zinc ore, Edwards, N.Y. Mich. 12. Manganese nodules, ocean floor 9 10 6. Ribbon asbestos ore, Quebec, Canada 13. Botryoidal fluorite ore, 7. Manganese ore, banded Poncha Springs, Colo. II 12 13 14 rhodochrosite 14. Tungsten ore, North Carolina Fluid-Inclusion Petrology Data from Porphyry Copper Deposits and Applications to Exploration By]. THOMAS NASH GEOLOGY AND RESOURCES OF COPPER DEPOSITS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 907-D A summary of new and published descriptions offluid inclusions from 3 6 porphyry copper deposits and discussion of possible applica'tions to exploration for copper deposits UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1976 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR THOMAS S. KLEPPE, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Nash, John Thomas, 1941- Fluid-inclusion petrology-data from porphyry copper deposits and applications to exploration. (Geology and Resources of Copper Deposits) (Geological Survey Professional Paper 907-D) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.16:907-D 1. Porphyry-Inclusions. 2. Porphyry-Southwestern States. 3. Copper ores-Southwestern States. I. Title. II. Series. III. Series: United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 907-D. QE462.P6N37 549'.23 76-608145 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. -
Texada Island - Sturt Bay Shipwreck Investigation a Report By, Jacques Marc
Underwater Archaeological Society of British Columbia Vol. 33 No. 4 Last Quarter Texada Island - Sturt Bay Shipwreck Investigation A Report by, Jacques Marc The UASBC made a trip to Sturt Bay on Texada Island on October 15th 2017 to investigate three wrecks located by the Canadian Hydrographic Service during survey operations in the fall of 2016. Wreck coordinates and images were provided by Duncan Havens, a Multidisciplinary Hydrographer of the Canadian Hydrographic Service Canadian Hydrographic Multi-beam survey showing the three wrecks in Sturt Bay. Courtesy Canadian Hydrographic Service The least depth coordinates 49 45 .801N by 124 33 .657 W provided by CHS, put us on the stern of the wreck. TheOur tide first height dive wasat the completed time of our on dive Wreck was #1 5.3 which feet. Onlies this on Scotttide the Rock stern at the of theentrance wreck to was Sturt in 40Bay. feet of water found the barge to be 46 meters (151 ft) long by 13 meters (42.6 ft) wide. The barge is made of steel with low and the bow was in 90 feet of water. The wreck was identified as a steel open deck barge. Survey measurements Continued on page 2 Page 1 Texada Island - Sturt Bay Shipwreck Investigation(cont’d) sidewalls along the deck and was most likely used for gravel or other material, but could also have been used to transport equipment. The barge is almost identical in construction and design to the barge in the photo below. Https://commons.wikimedia.org Utility barge at Anchor, Powell River BC by its skegs. -
British Columbia Mine Accident Index (Updated 13 Nov 2013) A0128 Sherard Collection
Canada - British Columbia Mine Accident Index (updated 13 Nov 2013) A0128 Sherard Collection. Russell L. & Lyn Wood Mining History Archive, Arthur Lakes Library, Colorado School of Mines Years covered: 1878-1972 Sources 3 Coal Creek Mine Disaster, 1902. Coalking.ca (website). 4 1887 Nanaimo Mine Disaster. Rootsweb.com (website). 7 Coal Miner's Memorial, Michel-Natal & Sparwood, BC. Tripod.com (website). 8 British Columbia Annual Reports, vols. 1874-2000. 9 Annual Reports of the Mines Branch, Province of British Columbia. 10 Lists of Fatalities in Vancouver Island Coal Mines. Mordenmine.com (website). METAL SOURCE DATE NAME AGE MINE / COLLIERY /COAL F/N /PAGE 1893FEB11 (CHINAMAN) PROTECTION ISLAND Shaft c F 1103 1886DEC28 ABERNETHY, JOHN NANAIMO c N 247 1901FEB15 ABO, CHIZOZA UNION C F 1217 1939JUL12 ACHESON, JAMES B Acheson & Sons (Atlin) M F A153 1888JAN24 ACK WELLINGTON c F 338 1917APR14 ACORN, A L LeROI (ROSSLAND) M N 374 1902AUG28 ACQUILANTI, JOSEPH EXTENSION C N H282 1904FEB3 ACQUILANTI, JOSEPH EXTENSION C F G290 1911SEP30 ADAM, R CUMBERLAND No.5 C N 281 1917AUG30 ADAMANTI, F BLUEBELL (AINSWORTH) M F 374 1899JUL13 ADAMS, DOUGALD CROW'S NEST C N 840 1919JAN3 ADAMS, G C SURF INLET M N 292 1902OCT22 ADAMS, HARRY LeROI (ROSSLAND) M N H260 1906JUN14 ADAMS, JAMES WAKEFIELD (SILVERTON) M F 218 1893NOV1 ADAMS, JOHN WELLINGTON c N 1104 1895OCT3 ADAMS, JOHN UNION c N 723 1913DEC11 ADAMS, LEONARD GRANBY (PHOENIX) M N 327 1888DEC18 ADAMS, THOMAS WELLINGTON c N 389 1929JUN15 ADAMSKI, JOHN COAL CREEK (Fernie) C F C412 1895MAY3 ADAMSON, DAVID WELLINGTON -
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Ames, Kenneth M. and Herbert D.G. Maschner 1999 Peoples of BIBLIOGRAPHY the Northwest Coast: Their Archaeology and Prehistory. Thames and Hudson, London. Abbas, Rizwaan 2014 Monitoring of Bell-hole Tests at Amoss, Pamela T. 1993 Hair of the Dog: Unravelling Pre-contact Archaeological Site DhRs-1 (Marpole Midden), Vancouver, BC. Coast Salish Social Stratification. In American Indian Linguistics Report on file, British Columbia Archaeology Branch, Victoria. and Ethnography in Honor of Lawrence C. Thompson, edited by Acheson, Steven 2009 Marpole Archaeological Site (DhRs-1) Anthony Mattina and Timothy Montler, pp. 3-35. University of Management Plan—A Proposal. Report on file, British Columbia Montana Occasional Papers No. 10, Missoula. Archaeology Branch, Victoria. Andrefsky, William, Jr. 2005 Lithics: Macroscopic Approaches to Acheson, S. and S. Riley 1976 Gulf of Georgia Archaeological Analysis (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, New York. Survey: Powell River and Sechelt Regional Districts. Report on Angelbeck, Bill 2015 Survey and Excavation of Kwoiek Creek, file, British Columbia Archaeology Branch, Victoria. British Columbia. Report in preparation by Arrowstone Acheson, S. and S. Riley 1977 An Archaeological Resource Archaeology for Kanaka Bar Indian Band, and Innergex Inventory of the Northeast Gulf of Georgia Region. Report on file, Renewable Energy, Longueuil, Québec. British Columbia Archaeology Branch, Victoria. Angelbeck, Bill and Colin Grier 2012 Anarchism and the Adachi, Ken 1976 The Enemy That Never Was. McClelland & Archaeology of Anarchic Societies: Resistance to Centralization in Stewart, Toronto, Ontario. the Coast Salish Region of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Current Anthropology 53(5):547-587. Adams, Amanda 2003 Visions Cast on Stone: A Stylistic Analysis of the Petroglyphs of Gabriola Island, B.C. -
Investing in the Minerals Industry in Liberia
ANDS, MIN L ES F O & Y GICAL SU E R LO RV N O E T E Y E S G I R G N I Y M R E IA P R UB E LIC OF LIB Investing in the minerals industry in Liberia liberia No4 cover.indd 1 21/01/2016 09:51:14 Investing in the minerals industry in Liberia: ▪▪ Extensive Archean and Proterozoic terranes highly prospective for many metals and industrial minerals, but detailed geology poorly known. ▪▪ Gold, iron ore and diamonds widespread, with new mines opened since 2013 and other projects in the pipeline. ▪▪ Known potentially economic targets for diamonds, base metals, manganese, bauxite, kyanite, phosphate, etc. ▪▪ Little modern exploration carried out for most mineral commodities with the exception of gold and iron ore. ▪▪ National datasets for geology, airborne geophysics and mineral occurrences available in digital form. ▪▪ Modern mineral licensing system. Introduction The Republic of Liberia is located in West Africa, in Liberia. Furthermore, Liberia is richly endowed bordered by Sierra Leone, Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire with natural resources, including minerals, water and to the south-west by the Atlantic Ocean and forests, and has a climate favourable to (Figure 1). With a land area of about 111 000 km2 agriculture. Since the cessation of hostilities the and a population of nearly 4.1 million much of country has made strenuous efforts to strengthen Liberia is sparsely populated comprising rolling its mineral and agricultural industries, mostly plateaux and low mountains away from a narrow timber and rubber. flat coastal plain. The climate is typically tropical, hot and humid at all times, with most rain falling Mineral resources, especially iron ore, have in the in the summer months. -
Deforestation Trends in the Congo Basin Reconciling Economic Growth and Forest Protection Public Disclosure Authorized
Deforestation Trends in the Congo Basin Reconciling Economic Growth and Forest Protection Public Disclosure Authorized WORKING PAPer 4 | Mining Kirsten Hund Carole Megevand with Edilene Pereira Gomes Public Disclosure Authorized Marta Miranda Erik W. Reed Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized APRIL 2013 Deforestation Trends in the Congo Basin Reconciling Economic Growth and Forest Protection WORKING PAPer 4 | Mining Kirsten Hund Carole Megevand with Edilene Pereira Gomes Marta Miranda Erik Reed APRIL 2013 Working Paper 4: Mining iii CONTENTS ACRONYMS ....................................................................................................................................................vii AcknoWLedgments .................................................................................................................................ix IntrodUctIon .............................................................................................................................................xi Chapter 1. MIneraL WeaLth IN the Congo BasIN: LargeLY Untapped.........................1 Geology and Associated Mineral Resources ................................................................................................1 Mining Sector in the Congo Basin ....................................................................................................................3 Types of Mining Operations ........................................................................................................................4 -
BC Ferries Route Map
BC Ferries Route Map Alaska Marine Hwy To the Alaska Highway ALASKA Smithers Terrace Prince Rupert Masset Kitimat 11 10 Prince George Yellowhead Hwy Skidegate 26 Sandspit Alliford Bay HAIDA FIORDLAND RECREATION TWEEDSMUIR Quesnel GWAII AREA PARK Klemtu Anahim Lake Ocean Falls Bella 28A Coola Nimpo Lake Hagensborg McLoughlin Bay Shearwater Bella Bella Denny Island Puntzi Lake Williams 28 Lake HAKAI Tatla Lake Alexis Creek RECREATION AREA BRITISH COLUMBIA Railroad Highways 10 BC Ferries Routes Alaska Marine Highway Banff Lillooet Port Hardy Sointula 25 Kamloops Port Alert Bay Southern Gulf Island Routes McNeill Pemberton Duffy Lake Road Langdale VANCOUVER ISLAND Quadra Cortes Island Island Merritt 24 Bowen Horseshoe Bay Campbell Powell River Nanaimo Gabriola River Island 23 Saltery Bay Island Whistler 19 Earls Cove 17 18 Texada Vancouver Island 7 Comox 3 20 Denman Langdale 13 Chemainus Thetis Island Island Hornby Princeton Island Bowen Horseshoe Bay Harrison Penelakut Island 21 Island Hot Springs Hope 6 Vesuvius 22 2 8 Vancouver Long Harbour Port Crofton Alberni Departure Tsawwassen Tsawwassen Tofino Bay 30 CANADA Galiano Island Duke Point Salt Spring Island Sturdies Bay U.S.A. 9 Nanaimo 1 Ucluelet Chemainus Fulford Harbour Southern Gulf Islands 4 (see inset) Village Bay Mill Bay Bellingham Swartz Bay Mayne Island Swartz Bay Otter Bay Port 12 Mill Bay 5 Renfrew Brentwood Bay Pender Islands Brentwood Bay Saturna Island Sooke Victoria VANCOUVER ISLAND WASHINGTON Victoria Seattle Routes, Destinations and Terminals 1 Tsawwassen – Metro Vancouver