THE ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 1901-2.

patrons. His Grace the DUKE OF RUTLAND, K.G., G.C.B. Tbe Eight Eev. the LORD BISHOP OF , D.D.

The Most Hon. the Marquess of Granby, the Lord-. The High Sheriff of Leicestershire. The Worshipful the Mayor of Leicester. His Grace the Duke of Somerset. The Eight Honourable the . The Eight Honourable the . The Eight Honourable the . The Eight Honourable the . The Eight Honourable the Earl of Lanesborough. The Eight Honourable Lord Braye. The Honourable Sir Matthew Ingle Joyce, Kt. Colonel the Honourable Montagu Curzon. Sir J. F. L. Eolleston, M.P. Sir C. B. McLaren, Bart., M.P., K.C. Sir C. H. Wigram, Kt. Hussey Packe, Esquire, D.L. The Venerable the . Colonel F. Palmer. Edwin Joseph Lisle March-Phillips-de-Lisle, Esquire, F.S.A. Harry Leycester Powys-Keck, Esquire. r VOL. IX. 140 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

fflcmmittff. The Patrons. H. A. Roechling, E-q. The Rev. Canon Rendell, R.D. H. L. Goddard, Esq., F.R.l.B.A. The Rev. W.G. D. Fletcher, F.S.A. J. \V. Spuiway, K*q. The Rev. W. 0. Leadbitter, LL.D. H. Hartopp, Esq. &i)r permanent Sub-Committff. The Rev. W. G. D. Fletcher, F.S.A. Col. G. C. Bellairs, V.D. The Rev. Canon Rendell, R.D. Major W. J. Freer, V.D., F.S.A. J. W. Wartnaby, Esq. The Rev. S. Tliorold Winckley, M.A. H. A. Roechling, Esq., C.E. Hon. Secretaries.

local sfttftatirs. Market Harborough District. Melton Slowbray District. W. Bragg-Bragg, Esq., Walter J. New, Esq., B.A. (Lend.), Market Harborough. Mellon Mowbray. Lutterworth District. Hinckley District. The Rev. E. Jackson, M.A., The Rev. R. Titley, M.A., Gilmorton Rectory. Barwell Rectory. Ashby-de-la-Zouch District. Louyhborough District. The Rev. H. Barber, M.A., M.D., F.S.A., W. J. Tucker, Esq., Raveustoue Hospital, Ashby. Parkside, Loughborough.

jimetarits of ii)f Sotietp. Colonel George C. Bellairs, V.D., J.P., Southcliff Hotel, Southbourne-on-Sea- Christchureh, Hants. (Financial.) Major William Jesse Freer, V.D., F.S.A., Local Sec. Soc., Antiquaries, Land., Stonygate, Leicester. (Corresponding.) The Rev. S. Thorold Winckley, M.A., Houghton-on-the-Hill Rectory, Leicester. (Editorial). librarian. C. J. Billson, Esq., M.A., The Wayside, Oadby, Leicester.

John Wade Wartnaby, Esq.

HONORARY MEMBERS. The High Sheriff of Leicestershire. James Neale, Esq., F.S.A., F.R. Inst. Brit. The Worshipful the Mayor of Leicester. Archts., 10, Bloomsbury Square, Loii- The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Ely don, \V.C. (Lord Alwyne Compton), D.D., The H. J. Toulmin, Esq., The Piv, St. Allmns. Palace, Ely. James Parker, Esq., Oxford. The Rev. W. G. D. Fletoher, F.S.A., S. Michael's Vicarage, Shrewsbury. LIST OF MEMBERS. 141

SUBSCUIBLNG MEMBERS, 1902.

Alkins, Hugh, Esq., J.P., Thorneycroft, Cooke, Mr. J. H., 15-4, Clarendon Park Hinckley. Knucl, Leicester. Ashby, T. H., Esq., Elmsleigh, Nar- Corah, J. A., Esq., Oadby Hill, Leicester. borough Road, Leicester. Cott, The Rev. A. JJcICenzie, M.A., Asliby Bailey, Thos., Esq., Holme Lacy, St. Magna Vicarage, Lutterworth. Peter's Road, Leicester. Crewe, Hugo Harpur, Esq., Stanley's, Buker, Chas., Esq., Friar Lane, Leicester. l.ymington, Hampshire. Barfoot-Saunt, \V. H., Esq., J.P., Oxen- Crick, F., Esq., Houghton House, Lei­ don, Market Harborough. cester. Barber, The Rev. H., M.A..M.D., F.S.A., Crowtber-Beynon, V. B.,Esq., M.A., The (Hon. Local Stc.), Ravenstorie Hos­ Grunge, Kdilh Weston, Stamford. pital, Ashby-de-la-Zouch. Curtis, R., Esq., Market Place, Leicester. Barker, Mr. J. W., Belvoir Street, Lei­ Cunis, W. J., E*q., Halford Street, Lei­ cester. cester. Betlairs, Col. G. C., V.D., .I.P., (Hon. Curzon, Col., The Hon. Montagu, (Presi­ Sec.) Southcliff Hotel, Soutbbourne on- dent), Garats Hay, Loughborough. Sea, Christchurch, Hants. Dalgleish, Richard, Esq., J.P., Asfordby, Bennett, A. H., E*q., Market Street, Melton Muwbiay. Leicester. Deane, Henry, Esq., 1, New Street, Beresford, The Rev. E. A., iHoby Rectory. Leicester. Bickley, J. W., Esq., Acacia House, Dickinson, The Rev. F. B., M.A., Manor Melton Mowbray. House, Ottery St. Mary. Biggs, The Rev. H. S., B.A., Grammar Dickinson, J. S., Esq., Friar Lane, Lei­ School, Lutterworth. cester. Billson, C. J., Esq., M.A., (Hon. Libra­ Donaldson, A. B., Esq., The Lodge, rian), The Wayside, Oadby, Leicester. Bitteswell, Lutterworth. Bird, G. B., Esq., Walton-on-the-Wolds, Draper, A. T., Esq., Friar Lane, Leicester. Loughborough. Drummond, Captain C. G. A., Enderby Blakeney, The Rev. Richard, M.A., The Hall, Leicester. Vicarage, Melton Mowbray. Elgood, T. S., Esq., 90, New Walk, Hlanil, Chas., Esq., Gaddesby, Leicester. Leicester. Bland, Edmund, Esq., S. Martin's, Lei­ Ellis. Miss Susan, Stoneygate Road, cester. Leicester. Bloxsom, M., Esq., Hazelwood, Crump- Everard, T. W., Esq., J.P., Nanpantan, sail Green, Manchester. Loughborough. Bouskel!, Frank, Esq., Friar Lane, Lei­ Faire, A. W., Esq., Elmcote, Elm Road, cester. Leicester. Bragg, W. Bragg, Esq. (Hon. Local Sec.), Feaks, Mr. Chas. E., 44, Stretton Road, Catherine House, Market Harborough. The Fosse, Leicester. Brown, A. J,, Esq., Great Glen, Leicester. Fewkes, J., Esq., Great Glen, Leicester. Brown, George G., Esq., Great Glen, Fisher, The Rev. H., M.A., Higham-on- Leicester. the-Hill Kectory, Nuneaton. Bryan, The Rev. Hugh, M.A., Stoke Flood, The Rev. S., M.A,, Ibstock Rectory, Golding Vicarage, Nuneaton. Leicester. Buszard, Marston C., Esq., K.C., J.P., Forsell, J. T., Esq., Winkadale, Bushby, The Temple, . Leicester. Butlaml, Hobt., Esq., Stougbton Lane, Fowke, The Rev. C. R., M.A., Billesdon Leicester. Vicarage, Leicester. Cartwright, Mr. T. H., 12, Market Street, Fox, B. H. C., Esq., J.P., Maplewell, Leicester. Loughborough. Chaplin, C. W., Esq., Burrough-on-the- Franklin, Mrs. G. C., 39, London Road, Hill, Melton Mowbray. Leicester. Clare, E. Lovell, Esq., 39, Devonshire Freer, Major W. J., V.D., F.S.A. (Hon. Place, Portland Place, London, S.W. Sec.), Stonygate, Leicester. Clephan, Edwin, Esq., J.P., Southfields, Freer, Rev. A. S. Beresford, M.A., The Leicester. Vicarage, Gussage All Saints', Salis­ Collins, E. J., Esq., Mere Road, Leicester. bury. Cooke, F. C., Esq., Chesterfield House, Garnar, J. H., Esq., Knighton Drive, Hinckley. Leicester. 142 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

Gee, H. Simpson, KSCJ,, J.P., Knighton Hurst, William, Esq., J.P., The Grange, Frith, Leicester. Earl Shilton. Gee, Mis. II. Simpson, Knighton Frith, Ingram, Thos., Esq., Magna, I ,eice»te)[. Leicester. (iimson, Syd ney A., Esq., 20, Glebe Street, Jackson, Rev. Edmund, M.A. (Hon. Local Leicester. Sec.), Gilmorton Rectory, Lutterworth. (ileadow, Mrs. W., Stoneygate, Leicester, Jackson, W. F., Esq., 8, St. Martin's, doddard, H. L., Esq., F.R.I.B.A. Market Leicester. Street, Leicester. Johnson, Mrs. T. Fielding, Brookiield, Godson, The Hev. J., M.A., R.D., Ashby Stoneygate, Leicester. Folville Vicarage, Melton Mowbray. Johnson, Mrs. Willium Goode, Van­ Goodacre, R. J., Esq., F.R.I.B.A., Friar couver City, B.C. Lane, Leicester. Jones, Thos., E»q., J.P., Bradenham, Gran by, The Most Hon. the Marquess Knighton Park Road, Leicester. of (President), 10, Arlington Street, Joyce, Hon. Sir M. I. (President), 4, London, S.W. Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, Lon­ Green, George,Esq., Market Harborough. don, W.C. Griffith, F., Esq., Clarendon, Stoneygate, Keck, H. L. Powys-, Esq., J.P., (Presi­ Leicester. dent), The Knoll, Kingston Hill, Griinxdiuk, G. J., Esq., Kibwnrth, Lei­ Surrey. cester. Kitson, C. H., Esq., Mus. Doc., Oxon., Hardy, Tho Rev. T. B., M.A., Narborongli Hill Top, London Road, Leicester. Rectory. Lanesborough, The Right Hon. the Earl Harper, G. P., E-q., M.A., 10, Mecklen­ of, (President), Swithland Hall, Lough- burg Street, 1.fleeter. borough. Harper, Mrs., Ill, Mecklenburg Street, Landon, The Rev. Guy, M.A., The Vicar­ Leicester. age, Portsea, Hants. Hnrrison.S., Esq., F.H. I.E. A., St. Martin's, Langham, W., Esq., 24, Glenfield Road, Leicester. Leicescer. Harrold, Thomas, Esq., Castle Street, Leadbilter, The Rev. V\'. O., D.C.L., St. Hinckley. Luke's Vicarage, Leicester. Hartopp, Capt. J. Burns-, J.P., D.L., Lilley, Samuel G., jun., Esq., Southfields, Dalby Hall, Melton Mowbray. Leicester, Hartopp, Mr. Henry, Til, Barclay Street, Martin, R. F., Esq., J.P., The Brand, Narborongli Road, Leicester. Longhborough. Hassall, John, Esq., J.P., Ashby-de-la- Maxfield, M., Esq., C, Ue Montfort Zouch. Square, Leicester. Hassall, Mrs., Rearsby Rectory, Leicester. McLaren, Sir C. B., Bart., K.C., M.P., Hatchett, Major J., J.P., Ravenstoue, (President), 4'i, 13elgrave Squure, Lon­ Ashby-de-la-Zouch. don, W. Henton, G. M., Esq., Charnwood House, Merttens, Fredk., Esq., Temple, Victoria Road, Leicester. Lough borough. Herrick, Mrs. Perry-, Beaumanor Park, Moore, C. A., Esq., M.D., Ue Montfort Lough borough. Street, Leicester. Hewartl, T. H., Esq., C.C., The Elms, Morley, F. R., Esq., De Montfort Square, Hugglescote, Leicester. Leicester. Hewitt, Francis, Esq., Thornleigh, New. Walter J., Esq., B.A. Lond., (Hon. Stoneygate, Leicester. Local. Sec.), Melton Mowbray. Hiley, The Rev. A. J. W., M.A., Wood- New York Public Library, U.S.A. house Eaves, Longhborough. Oliver, C. F., Esq., Merridale, Stoney­ Hiley, E. V., Esq., Town Hall, Leicester. gate, Leicester. Hodges, G. H., Esq., J.P., Oadby, Lei­ Grain, Arthur, Esq., The Spinneys, Rat- cester. cliffe Road, Leicester. Howe, The Right Hon. the Earl (Presi­ Oswin, R. B., Esq., Stoneygate Rnad, dent), The Woodlands, Oxbridge, Leicester. Bucks. Packe, Hussey, Esq., J.P., D.L , (Presi- Hind, W. Harley, Esq., 2(1, Swaiue Street, dent), Prestwokl Hull, Loughboroiigh. Bradford, Yorks. Page, Mr. C. H., 10, New Street, Leicester. Holmes, The Rev. W. P.. M.A., St. Peter's 1'iigct, Alfred H.. Esq., F.U.I.B.A., Vicarage, Leicester. Market Street, Leicester. Hurst, 1!., Ksq., J.P., Uurbach drove, Palmer, Col. F., J.I3., Withcote Hall, llinckley. Onkham. LIST OF MEMBERS—COUt. 143

Palmer, The Kev. W. H., M.A., Waulip Simpson, J. W., Esq., i, Berridge Street, Rectory, Leicester. Leicester. Parkinson, W. G., Esq., The Cottage, Old Smith, G. Murray-, Esq., J.P., Gumley Humberstone, Leicester. Hall, Market Harborough. Pnrtington, Miss H. C., The Lawn, Smith-Carington, H. H., Esq., Stanley Birstall, Leicester. Grove, Oxford Road, Manchester. Partridge, S. S. Esq., Belvoir Street, Snow, H. C., Esq., Holmedale, Stoney­ Leicester. gate, Leicester. Paul, i. IX, Esq., .T.P., Town End Close, Somerset. His Grace the Duke of, (Presi­ Katcliffe Komi. Leicester. dent), Burton Hall, Loughborough. Payne, W. H., Esq., i.V., Hinckley. Spencer, Mi-. C. A., Stoneygate, Lei­ Pencil, A. E., Esq., High Croft, Oadby, cester. Leicester. Spin-way, Mr. W., High Cross Street, Peach, Koht., Esq., The Elms, Oadby, Leicester. Leicester. Squire, S., Esq., Salisbury Road, Lei­ Peach, H. H., E.-,q., Stoughton Eoad, cester. Leicester. Stevenson, G., Esq., Regent Road, Lei­ 1'eake, Dr. \V. Pemberton, Oxford House, cester. Oxford Street, Leicester. Stocks,'I'he Yen. Archdeacon, (President), Peterborough, The Right Rev. the Lord Misterton, Rectory, Lutterwortli. Bishop of, O.D., (Patron), The Palace, Stoiber, Airs. E. G., Silverton, Colorado, Peterborough. U.S.A. Phillips, G., Esq., Fosse Bank, Oixkham. Stone, S. F. Esq., .T.P., D.L., Kirby Frith Pick, S. 1'erkms, Esq., F.RI.B.A., Mill­ Hall, Leicester. stone Lane, Leicester. Symonds.Tlie Rev. H.,T!>ornton Vicarage, Powell, Col. L. L., V.D., J.P., The Elms, Leicester. Melton MoHhray. Tabherer, G. 0., Esq., St. John's Lodge, Powers, G. \V., Esq., M.A., Farrav's Clarendon Park Road, Leicester. building, Temple, K.C. Tanner. The Rev. (j. A., b.A., Knossing- Pulman, W. G. B., Esq., Ltittcrworth. ton Rectory, Oakhani. Pulteney, The Rev. A. W. P., M.A., Ashley Taylor, J. W., E*q., Loughborough. Rectory, Market Harborough. 'raylor, John H., Esq., »4, byston Street, Rendell, The Hev. Canon A. M.. M.A., Leicester. R.D., St. Margaret's Vicarage, Lei­ Taylor, Richard, Esq., Hatcliffe Road, cester. • Knighton, Leicester. Reynolds, H. W., Esq., Barkby Fire, Thompson, J. H., Esq., The Woodlands, Leicester. Kuigliton, Leicester. Richards, H. W. H., Esq., Phosnix Cot­ Thomson, Chas. Stuart, Esq., Barrow-on- tage, Belgrave. Soar, Loughborough. Robiuson, Clias. S., Esq., Stanley Road, Titley, The Kev. R., M.A., J.P., (Hon. Leicester. Local Sec.). Harwell Rectory, Hinckley. Robinson, Dr Thomas, Bowling Green Topliam, L. T., Esq., J.P., Lutterwortli Street, Leicester. House, Lutterwortli. Roechling, H. A., Esq., C.E., Market Tucker, \V. J., Esq. (Hon. Local Sec.), Street, Leicester. Parkside, Loughborough. Rodwell, The Rev. C., I3.A., K.D., Kirneote Turner, Joseph, Esq., Park View, Gran- Rectory, Lutterworth. ville Road, Leicester. Rolleston, Sir J. F. L., M.P., (President), Twining, Richard, Esq., Bitteswell, , Leicester. Lutterworth. Rutland, His Grace the Duke of, K.G., Viccars, W. P., Esq., J,P., Anstey Pas­ G.C.B., (Patron), Belvoir Castle, tures, near Leicester. Granthani. Wakerley, A., Esq., London Road, Lei­ Salusbury, W. Llewellyn, Esq., Llanwern cester. Lodge, London Road, Leicester. Walker, Ralph R., Esq., Hatcliffe Hall, Sanders, The Rev. Canon, LL.D., St. Syston. Martin's Vicarage, Leicester. Walker, T. Esq.. Glen Hall, Leicester. Sarson, Col. J. E., V.D., Stoneygate Road, Walters, J. Tudor, E?q., Granville Road, Leicester. Leicester. Satchel), Mr. R. W., Gallowtree Gate, Warner, E. H., Esq., J.P., Quorn Hall Leu-ester. Loughborough. Scott, C. Tollemaclie. Esq., J.P., Market Wartnaby, J. W., Esq., (Hon. Auditor), Bosworth Hall, Nuiteaton, The Oaklamls, Stoneygate, Leicester. 144 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

Watson, The Rev. Wentworth. M.A., Withers, Mr. W. J., Silver Street, Leicester. Rockingharn Castle, Uppinghain. Wood, R. H., Ksq., F.S.A., F.K.G.S., Wolldon, C. L., Esq., Westlands, Welling- Belmont, Sidrnouih, South Devon. borougli. Wnodhouse, V. M., Esq., 10B, Regent Whetstone, W., Esq., Coalville, Lei­ Road, Leicester. cester. Worswick, Col. R. W., J.P., Normanton Wilkins, Willinm, Esq., Prior Park, Turville Hall, Hinckley. Ashby-de-la-Zonch. Wright, James, Esq., J.P., Barrow-Cliff, Wilmer, F. B., Esq., Narborough, Lei­ Loughborough. cester. Wright, A. E., Esq., The Hollies, Stoney- Wilshere, H. W., Esq., Wclford Place, gate, Leicester. Leicester. Wright, Orsou, Esq., Wigston Magna, Winckley, The Rev. S. Thorold, M.A., Leicester. (Hon. Sec.), Houghton - on - the - Hill Wykes, Mrs., The Croft, Stoneygate Road, Rectory, Leicester. Leicester. Winterton, W. H., Esq., Carisbrooke, Young, Jlr. Joseph, Gallowtree Gate, Stanley Koad, Leicester. Leicester. Wintertou, Frank, Esq., Bound Hill, Thurmaston, Leicester.

NEW MEMBERS ELECTED IN 1903. Bates, P. A., Esq., 34, Friar Lane, Leicester. Clarke, H. Pickerlng, Esq., Wycliff Street, Leicester. Everard Bernard, Esq., B.A., Woodville, Knighton Park Road, Leicester. Fosbrooke, T. H. Esq., Knighton Road, Leicester. Lillingston, G. W., Esq., J.H., Ulveracroft, Leicester. Wigram, Sir Charles H., J.P., Harston, .

RULES. 1. That the Society be called " THE ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHSOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE COUNTY OF LEICESTER." 2. That the objects of the Society be, to promote the study of Ecclesiastical Architecture, General Antiquities, and the Restoration of Mutilated Architectural Remains within the County; and to furnish suggestions, so far as may be within its province, for improving the character of Ecclesiastical Edifices, and for preserving all ancient remains which the Committee may consider of value and importance. 3. That the Society be composed of Patrons, Presidents, Treasurer, and Secre­ taries; and Honorary and Ordinary Members. 4. That the Members of the Society be privileged to propose new Members, either by letter or personally, to be elected at the Committee Meetings; and that Honorary Members shall be gentlemen who have either rendered signal service to the Society, or are specially learned in the subjects the study of which it is formed to encourage, and shall be nominated by the Committee at one of their Meetings, and proposed for election only at the General Annual Meeting of the Members to be held in the January of each year. 5. That Rural Deans within the County of Leicester be ex-offieio Members of the Committee, on their signifying an intention to become Members of the Society. 6. That each Member shall pay an Annual Subscription of Ten Shillings, to be due on the first day of January in each year. 7. That the affairs of the Society be conducted by a Committee composed of the Patrons, Presidents, Rural Deans (being Members), all Secretaries of the Society, all Professional Architects (being Members), all Honorary Members, and not less than twenty Ordinary Members, of whom four at least shall have been Members of the Committee of the preceding year. RULES. 145

8. 'Bhat the Meetings of the Members be held on the last Monday of every alternate month; that one of such Meetings to be held in the month of January bfe considered the Annual General Meeting, at which the Annual Report and Statement of Accounts be rendered and the Committee for the year be elected, and such new Rules or alterations in the Hales proposed and made as may be thought necessary : provided always that due notice of such new Rules or alteration in Kules be given by circular to each Member of the Society at least seven days before the Annual Meeting. That in addition to the Hi.Monthly Meetings—so including the Annual Meeting—Public Meetings for the reading of Papers, Jfcc., may be held as provided for under Rule 11. !). That the Committee (of whom five shall be a quorum) have power to add to their number, and to elect from the Society the requisite number of Secretaries. 10. That the Members of the Committee in any neighbourhood may associate other Members of the Society with themselves, and form Committees for Local Purposes in communication with the Central Committee. 11. That the Public Meetings of the Society be holden at such times and places as shall be appointed by the Committee. 12. That the Committee meet at the times and places which they may them­ selves appoint. 13. That the Secretaries be empowered, on th« requisition of five Members of the Committee, to call a Special Meeting of the Society. 14. That Donations of Architectural and Antiquarian Books, Plans,

The Bi-Monthly Meetings of the Society are held on the last Monday in January, March, May, July, September, and November,—the Meeting in January to be the General Meeting for the transaction of business. Committee Meetings at 2.30 p.m.; Bi-Monthly Meetings at 3 p.m., at the Society's Room, at the Old Town Library, Guildhall, Leicester.

NOTE.—The Society's Room is now at the Old Town Library, Guildhall, St. Martin's, Leicester, where the Library is kept, and is open daily from 10 to 4 for the use of Members. The keys can be obtained from the Hon. Secretaries. 146 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

.Societies with which the Leicestershire Architectural and Ardueological Society exchange! " TRANSACTIONS ":—

The Antiquarian Society of Stockholm. The Bodleian Library. The British Archaeological Association, London. The Buckinghamshire Architectural and Archaeological Society. The Cambridge Antiquarian Society. The Cambridge and Hertfordshire Archaeological Society. The Clifton Antiquarian Club. The Derbyshire Archaeological and Natural History Society. The Edinburgh Architectural Association. The Essex Archteological Society. The East Herts. Archaeological Society. The Historic Society of Lancashire aud Cheshire. The Kent Archaeological Society. The Leicester and Leicestershire Society of Architects. The North Oxfordshire Architectural Society. The Oxfordshire Architectural Society. The Powys-land Club. (Montgomeryshire.) The Royal Archaeological Institute. The St. Alban's and Herts. Architectural and Archaeological Society. The Shropshire Archseological and Natural History Society. The Society of Antiquaries of London. The Suffolk Institute of Archaeology. The Surrey Archaeological Society. The Thoresby Society of Leeds. The Yorkshire Archaeological and Topographical Association. The Viking Club.

THE 48iH ANNUAL KEPORT. BEFORE entering upon the usual report of work done during 1902, your Com­ mittee feel that they must refer to the time of sorrow that this country and the Empire at large have undergone on account of the dangerous illness of his Most Excellent Majesty Edward VII., King and Emperor; and the subsequent occasion of universal rejoicing on account of his complete recovery, and upon the coronation of their Majesties on the gth day of August last. None of our members who were present in Westminster Abbey or in London on that day will ever forget the sight. They are also thankful that the life of the Right Rev. E. Carr-Glynn, the Lord Bishop of the Diocese, and a patron of the Society, has been mercifully spared. During the year we have had to deplore the loss of several valued members. In the late W. U. Heygate, Esq., M.A., Oxon., J.P. and D.L., we have lost one of our oldest and most valued members; and many of us a dear friend. He was elected a member of this Society on the 27th of May, 1861, and soon after was made one of our Presidents, whilst M.P. for Leicester. He was the second son of the late Sir W. Heygate, first Baronet, born 1825. He was called at Lincoln's Inn in 1850, some time Captain in P. A. O. Leicestershire Yeomanry Cavalry, M.P. for the Borough of Leicester 1861-5, Stamford 1868, and South Leicester­ shire 1870-80. He was also an Alderman of the Leicestershire County Council, and County Treasurer. In the death of the late Rev. J. M. W. Piercy, M.A., Vicar of Slawston from 1847, and Rector of Glooston from 1848, J.I', for the county, and Rural Dean from 1885 to 1891, and who was elected a member on the 2oth July, 1862, we have lost another strong supporter. FOETY-EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT. 147

We have also lost by death the following members:—Mrs. Elizabeth Hunt, of Holly Bank, Stoneygate, Leicester, elected loth January, 1876 (the widow of an old member, the late William Hunt, Esq.) ; Thomas Hardcastle, Esq., of Bradshaw Hall, Bolton, elected 2nd April, 1883 ; and George Brown, sen., Esq., of Great Glen, who was elected a Member in November, 1901. And by resignation—Walter Hazell, Esq., sometime M.P. for Leicester, and a President ; James Bell, Esq., W. D. Grant, Esq., J. H. Cooper, Esq. Rev. J. Hammond (who have left the county), and J. C. Clarke, Esq.—n in all. On the other hand we have to congratulate ourselves that no less than 32 new Members have been elected (as against 23 in 1901), namely;— In January. Major Hatchett, J.P., Ravenstone, Ashby-de-la-Zouch ; W. H. Payne, Esq., J.P., Hinckley : S. A. Gimson, Esq., 20, Glebe Street, Leicester; W. H. Winterton, Esq., Stanley Road, Leicester; W. J. New, Esq., B.A., Lond. (Hon. Local Secretary), Melton Mowbray; Mr. J. H. Cooke, 154, Clarendon Park Road; W. F. Jackson, Esq., New Street, Leicester. In March. Mrs. George Franklin, 39, London Road, Leicester; the Rev. H. Barber, M.A., M.D., F.S.A. (Hon. Local Secretary), Ravenstone Hospital, Ashby; Colonel L. L. Powell, V.D., J.P,, The Elms, Melton Mowbray; Henry Deane, Esq., i, New Street, Leicester; The Rev. H. S. Biggs, B.A., The Grammar School, Lutterworth ; Francis Hewitt, Esq., Thornleigh, Stoneygate Leicester; W. G. Parkinson, Esq., The Cottage, Humberstone, Leicester; W. J. Tucker, Esq. (Hon. Local Secretary), Parkside, Loughborough ; Mr. T. H. Cart- wright, 12, Market Street, Leicester; T. H, Ashby, Esq., Elmsleigh. Narborough Road, Leicester; Wm. Langham, Esq., 24, Glenfield Road, Leicester. In May. F. Griffith, Esq., M.I.C.E., Clarendon, Stoneygate, Leicester; A. W. Faire, Esq., Elmcote, Elm's Road, Knigliton, Leicester; L. T. Topham, Esq., J.P., Lutterworth House, Lutterworth. In July. Sir C. B. McLaren, Bart., K.C., M.P. (President), 43, Belgrave Square, London, W.; Mrs. Hassail, Rearsby Rectory, Leicester; William Wilkins, Esq., Prior Park, Ashby-de-la-Zouch ; T. S. Elgood, Esq., 90, New Walk. Leicester; C. H. Kitson, Esq., Mus, Doc. Oxon., Hill Top, London Road, Leicester. In September. S. G. Lilley, jun., Esq., Westbank, Southfields, Leicester. In November. H. W. Reynolds, Esq., Barkby Firs, Leicester; J. W. Simpson, Esq., 4, Berridge Street, Leicester; G. Phillips, Esq., Fosse Bank, Oakham; E. V. Hiley, Esq., Town Hall, Leicester; A. J. Brown, Esq , Glen Magna, Leicester. During the past year the following Papers have been read :— "By V. B. Crowther-Beynon, Esq., M.A., on ''The Discovery of Anglo- Saxon Remains from a Sand Pit at South Luffenham, Rutland. By R. J. Goodacre, Esq., : "Description of St. Andrew's Church, Ayle- stone." By W. Bradbrooke, Esq.; " Misterton Parish Church Registers." By Major Freer, V.D., F.S.A. ; " An Account of the Visit to the Dukeries in July, 1902.' By Major Freer, V.D., F.S.A., on a " Beehive-shaped Dwelling in the Isle of Saints, Argyllshire." By Rev. H. Barber, M.A., M.D., F S.A.: "An Account of the Excavations made in the Parish of Copt Oak of certain ' Giants' Graves,' supposed to be the site of an early English Settlement." We have pleasure in reporting that on the isth May last a well attended meeting was held at the Victoria, Hall, Oakham, for the purpose of establishing an Archaeological and Natural History Society for the County of Rutland, at which your Hon. Corresponding Secretary and H. A. Roechling, Esq., C.E., 148 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

F.G.S., were invited to attend to support the founding of such a society, and to explain the steps to be taken for carrying out an Archaeological Survey in con­ junction with the Leicestershire Committee. The meeting was a great success, and we congratulate the society in having made so good a start, and also in having secured the services of V. B. Crowther-Beynon, Esq., M.A., as Hon. Secretary. We also trust that the new quarterly, called "The Rutland Maga­ zine and County and Historical Record," will be well supported. The following have been appointed to act as a " Survey " Committee:—The Rev. M. Barton, C. R. Harris, Esq., The Rev. E. A. Irons, W. Newman, Esq., M.D., G. Phillips, Esq., H. F. Traylen, Esq., A.R.I.B.A., and V. B. Crowther-Beynon, Esq., M.A., Hon. Secretary. The Leicestershire Survey Committee have issued their first 'Report, and the work is steadily progressing. All the 6-inch ordnance maps of the county, 180 in number, have been purchased. Funds, however, are urgently needed to enable the work to be properly carried on. Subscriptions or donations will be gladly received either by H. A. Roechling, Esq., Hon. Secretary, Market Street, Leicester; or by the President, Major Freer, Stonygate, Leicester. We are glad to be able to report that the Wyckliffe Memorial at Lutterworth was conveyed by the trustees to the Leicestershire County Council on the 26th of March last, and the Council has consented to keep the same in repair. We are also glad to report that the trustees of Wyggeston's Hospital have had the valuable old books in their library carefully repaired and catalogued. Your Committee hope that this example will be followed in respect to the books belonging to the Corporation of Leicester, which are much in need of careful restoration and repair. CHURCH AND OTHER WORK IN THE COUNTY. Anstey.—Stained glass window to the memory of the late Mr. and Mrs. Galer. Ashby-de-la-Zouch.—New parish room, cost ^750; stained glass window in church. Ashby Folville.—Church tower restored; five bells re-cast, and three new ones ; all given. Aylestnite.— Since 1894, when the church was re-opened by the late Bishop Creighton, the work of restoration has made steady progress, and now all the windows have been filled with new tracery exactly similar to the original, and re- glazed with tinted glass, supported by new ironwork. The interior of the tower, in which were some very serious cracks, has been thoroughly restored, and all the whitewash scraped off. A special thanksgiving service for this further restoration was held on Ascension Day evening. Barkestone.—Church : new heating apparatus, £go. Btltoii.—School enlarged, £75. .—This church has been carefully restored. The appearance of the interior has been greatly improved. Previous to the work being undertaken dry rot had much damaged the woodwork of the church, and it was consequently found necessary to replace the old pews with handsome new ones of unpolished oak. The old flooring has also been removed, and a flooring of wood blocks on a basis of concrete substituted. The plaster of the walls has been made good and repainted, and while this work was being carried out a most interesting discovery was made. It was found that three sedilia on the chancel had at some period been bricked up, and plastered over, and they have now been restored to the light of day, the appearance of the east end of the church being considerably improved in consequence. The sedilia are fine specimens of I3th or I4th century work, in good preservation, and it is supposed that they have been hidden in the wall for 200 years or more. A new pulpit and reading desk have also been provided. The pulpit is of particular interest, as will be seen from the following inscription placed upon it:—"This pulpit was the gift of two working men of Blaby, in the Coronation year of King Edward VII. Richard Dale gave the wood, William Rainbow made it." The pulpit is made of oak, like the remainder FORTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT — COTlt. 149 of the wood-work in the church, and is a very handsome piece of work. The original wood-work in the gallery of the church and the roof is in a good state of preservation, and has been left intact. A new low-pressure steam heating apparatus has been introduced, the old stoves being done away with, and the re-pointing of the exterior stonework of the church, where necessary, completed the scheme of renovation, the cost of which is estimated at ^850. Of this sum £600 has already been raised by subscriptions. The work was commenced about the middle of August last. Bottesford. — On Easter Monday a stained glass window was unveiled by the Duke of Rutland in Bottesford Church, the chancel of which contains many monumental effigies to the Rutland family. The window was presented in memory of the late Duchess of Rutland by the Duke and their children. It occupies a large five-light window in the south transept, and has a commanding position in the church. The artist is Mr. Herbert Bryans, of London, a pupil of Kempe's.whohas chosen for the main subject the Adoration of the Shepherds, and subordinately introduced the subject of the Annunciation. The upper and side lights of the window are rilled in with angels holding different musical instruments, and the whole is artistically rendered. Bowden, Little. — Two stained glass windows. Breedon-on-the-Hill. — Gift of one acre for enlargement of the churchyard. Cole Orton. — A window to the memory of the late Rector, Canon Beaumont, has been placed in Cole Orton Church. It represents " The Presentation in the Temple." Simeon, the central figure, holds in his arms the infant Saviour, with Anna, the prophetess, on the one hand, and Mary and Joseph on the other. The words " Nunc Dimittis" are inscrolled above, and an inscription at the foot runs: "To the glory of God, and in memory of William Beresford Beaumont, M.A., 36 years Rector of this parish ; this window is dedicated by parishioners and friends, 1902." The window was formally dedicated on October 26th. Coston. — Gift of eagle lectern. East Norton. — Marble floor in chancel, churchyard enlarged and newly fenced, £350. Earl Shiltoti. — Carved oak pulpit, 5 Gothic panels, with designs based on the vine, oak, hop, briony, and ivy respectively. The text " Blessed are they which hear the word of God and keep it," is in bold relief on the upper mouldings of the panels. Below is the inscription, " To the glory of God, and in memory of William Singleton Fulshaw, who died December 3rd, 1901." The whole of the carving is by his widow. Enlargements of school (including purchase of a site) ; cost £1,140. Ellistown. — Stained glass window in chancel. Gaddesby.—Nevt organ, £go. Glenfield, Braunstone. — Organ repaired and improved. . — New organ. Groby. — New heating apparatus, £100. Hose. — New choir stalls. Houghton-on-the-Hill. — The external restoration of this church, which began with the tower in 1897, has now been completed. The walls have been in part re-faced, with the old material as far as possible, and pointed, the softer stone being coated with an invisible preservative. A solid bed of concrete with a cement gulley on the top has been laid all round the foundations, greatly strengthening these, and carrying off the rain water. The lead gutters of the aisle roofs being defective have been renewed, and the old lead melted down and recast into heads and downpipes, with simple ornamental designs modelled at the Leicester Technical School. The work has been well done, and in a thor­ oughly conservative spirit. The cost of the tower restoration has been defrayed, and £150 raised towards the present outlay, but £200 more is required. The condition of the walls and foundations was such as to demand immediate 150 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY. attention. A new stained glass window has been placed in the north aisle to commemorate the connection of the Herrick family with Houghton, by an American descendant (Mrs. E. G. Stoiber, one of our members). It is a three- light perpendicular window, a figure of St. Cuthbert being in the central light, with St. Oswald on the left, and St. Edmund on the right. The coloring is rich and effective. It is the second window in this aisle portraying British Saints. Smaller figures and appropriate texts form part of the design. At the dedication service the Venerable the Archdeacon of Leicester preached the sermon. Huggletcote.—Gift of new window. .—Memorial stained glass window, " Coronation " Pulpit. Hungarian-—Church walls and organ repaired ; £60. Klbworth.—New oak choir stalls ; £156. Kilworth, North.—Village hall built ; £200. Kirkby Mallory.—Gift of oak chancel screen. Leicester, St. Barnabas. —Enlargement of boy's day school ; £600. Leicester, St. John the Evangelist.—Ring of eight bells, by Mr. and Mrs. Bunning; £1,100. Leicester. St. Luke's.—Schools renovated. Leicester, St. Margaret's.—Memorial stained glass window in porch, £26. Leicester, St. Mark's.—New heating apparatus at St. Faith's, and new room adjacent to St. Alban's Mission Room; £-jo. Leicester, St. Martin's.—Two memorial stained glass windows in south aisle, by Miss Flude ; £300. Leicester, St. Mary's.—Renovation of exterior of church (Messrs. Goodacre, Architects); £2,250. Leicester, St. Matthew's—Memorial to Dean Ingram. Shortly after the death of the late Dean of Peterborough, the congregation of St. Matthew's, Leicester, with which' the Dean was so long associated as Vicar of the parish, resolved to place in the church some permanent record of his labours. The memorial decided upon was a stained glass window, and the necessary funds being forthcoming, the work was put in hand and is now completed. The window is situated near the south door of the church, and is of two large lancets, being corresponding to the one erected as a memorial to the late Mr. George Alfred Robinson in St. Matthew's some years ago. The subject of the design is the charge to St. Peter, " Feed my Sheep " and " Feed my Lambs." having especial reference to the pastoral work of the late Dean Ingram, and his care for little children. The upper portion of the window contains two large figures of St. Matthew and St Paul (by Clay ton and Bell). Beneath the window is a brass, with the following inscription: " To the glory of God and in affec­ tionate memory of the Very Reverend William Clavell Ingram, D.D., Dean of Peterborough, formerly Vicar of this parish 1874-1893, this window was erected by the congregation of St. Matthew's Church." Brother and companion in labour, And fellow soldier.—Phil, ii., 25. Leicester, St Paul's.—Memorial stained glass window. J. E. Hextall, donor (Burlison and Gylls), Loitfihborou.fih. All Saints'.—New heating apparatus, the aisles re-tiled, marble and alabaster base to pulpit; £650. Market Harliorour/h.—Old ring of six bells re-cast into eight, new framework, gift of new clock ; cost ^520. Markfieln.—Roof re-slated and re-leaded, " Coronatiou " Bell; £iSo. Newtown Linford.—Church roof re-slated. Packinnton.—In November last a memorial south porch was erected -in memory of the late Vicar, the Rev. A. S. Mammatt. The porch is of Bath stone FORTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT— COnt. 151 and of a simple design, in character with the architecture of the church. The inscription on a tablet above the porch reads : " Dedicated to the glory of God and in memory of Arthur Simonds Mammatt, M.A., Vicar 1890-1901, by his parishioners and friends." . Quorn.—Memorial gift of oak chancel stalls. Scraptoft.—West wall and other parts of churchyard walls rebuilt and restored; cost £92, raised chiefly by subscription. Tower, church, and church­ yard gates repaired at a cost of about ^22. Seagrave.—A two-manual organ, screen between nave and tower; £iSo. Smeeton Wealerby.— On May 22nd last a stained glass east window in the south aisle of the church was unveiled to the memory of the late Rev. R. and Mrs. Fawssett. The former was for many years a member of this society. The window was put in by Kempe, of London, and is thus inscribed : '• In honour of our Lord Jesus Christ revealed to his servants Simeon and Anna, and in memory of the Rev. R. Fawssett, Rector of this parish A.D. 1852-1879, and of Mary Jane, his wife, this window is dedicated by their children, 1902." Swepstone.—Outside walls qf nave repaired and chancel restored ; £50. Snarestone.—New pulpit; £15. Stoinford.—Remaining portion of Churchyard fenced, laid out, and planted ; £'5- System.—Chapel at St. Anne's Home; £150. Theddingwortk.—New infants' classroom ; £$S. T/iorpe Arnold.—Vestry enlarged. Thrussington.—Chancel repaired. Thurmaston.—Churchyard walls re-pointed, and a memorial stained glass window ; £75. Tilton.—Spire repaired after damage done by lightning. Twycross.—North and south aisles re-seated, ^145; gift of brass eagle lectern. Whatton, Long.—New brass eagle lectern ; £40. Wigston, Manna.—Chancel walls raised and new roof; £350. Willoughby Waterless.—Rectory enlarged ; £200. Gift of lectern. Wymeswold.—Church heated with hot water ; £200.

January 28<7t, 1901.

THE ANNUAL MEETING of the Leicestershire Architectural and Archaeological Society, held at the Library of the Old Town Hall, St. Martin's, Leicester.

THE EBV. E. JACKSON, M.A., in the Chair.

The following Resolution was moved by MAJOR FREER and adopted:— " Before proceeding with the business of the day we desire to place on record our profound sorrow on account of the death of 152 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY. our much beloved , our continued and unalter­ able loyalty and devotion to the Crown, and our sympathy with His Most Excellent Majesty, King Edward the Vllth, and the Members of the Royal Family, in their bereavement." The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. VOTES of thanks were received for Part 1, Vol. IX. of this Society's Transactions, from the Edinburgh Architectural Asso­ ciation, The Cambridge Antiquarian Society, The Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, The Suffolk Institute of Archaeology, The Clifton Antiquarian Club, and the Essex Archaeological Society. VOTES of thanks were passed to the Kent Archaeological Society for Vol. XXIV. of The Archaeologia Cantiana ; to the Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society for the Proceedings for 1900 (Vol. XLVI.); to the Royal Archaeological Institute for No. 227 of the Archaeological Journal; to the Shropshire Archaeo­ logical Society for Part 3, Vol. XII., of the 2nd Series of the Transactions ; to the Yorkshire Archaeological Society for Part 61 of the Journal; to the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology for a Calendar of the Feet of Fines for Suffolk; to the Powys Land Club for Part 3, Vol. XXXI., of the Montgomeryshire Collections; to the Essex Archaeological Society for Index to Vol. VII., New Series, of the Transactions ; to the Society of Architects, London, for Parts 11 and 12, Vol. VII., of the Journal and the Year Book for 1901 ; and to the Clifton Antiquarian Club for two copies of a Paper on " The Cruciform Earthwork on Ban well Hill, Somerset." Letters of apology for non-attendance were read from Colonel Bellairs, Hon. Secretary, J. W. Wartnaby, Esq., Hon. Auditor, and W. Harley Hind, Esq. MAJOR FREER read some Correspondence with the Mayor of Leicester, The Borough Surveyor, and others, re the preservation of the Roman Pavement under the Great Central Railway. The platform round the Pavement had been raised, and a bed of concrete laid under the flags, the joints of which had been cemented. The Surveyor hoped that no water would now get into the chamber, and this fine old relic kept in a good state of preservation. A hearty VOTE of thanks was given to the Mayor of Leicester for the trouble he had taken. The Hon. Secretary also read a letter from The Hon. Sir Matthew Ingle Joyce accepting the position of President of the Society. FORTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT. 153

MAJOR FREER then read the following Report:— THE REPORT FOR 1900. IN presenting to our Members the Forty-sixth Annual Report, we have again to deplore the loss of several valued Members occasioned by death or resignation. By the death of the Right Reverend Mandell Creigliton, D.D., Lord Bishop of London, we lose one of our Presidents. As he took a great interest in Archeology, and was a subscribing Member from 1881 to the time of his decease. He was one of the Patrons of the Society, and on his translation to the See of London became one of its Presidents. In 1000 he was appointed by the First Lord of the Treasury on a Committee, consisting of the Right Hon. J. Bryee, M.P., Sir Francis Mowatt, K.C.B., Sir H. C. Maxwell Lyte, K.C.B., Sir C. P. llbert, K.C.S.I.. C.I.E., Mr. S. E. Spring Rice, C.B., and himself (as Chairman), to enquire aud report as to the arrangements then in operation for the collection, custody, indexing, and calendaring of local records, aud as to any further measures which it might be advisable to take for that purpose. As Bishop of Peterborough he was a worthy successor to the late Archbishop Magee, and his memory will long live in the hearts of those who knew him. By the death of the Right Hon. General Richard William Penn. Earl Howe, C.B., G.C.V.O., the Lord Lieutenant of the County, we lose one who took much interest in the Society's work. In the late Joseph Goddard, Esq., F.R.I.B.A,, who joined this Society in IHfii (after the death of his father, Henry Goddard, Esq., an original Memlier) we lose one who even before that date was referred to in our report in 1SU.') iu the following terms:—"The value of the publication (the Transactions) is considerably enhanced by the illustrations, for some of which you are indebted to the artistic and gratuitous pen of Mr. Joseph Goddard, Architect." This interest in our work was maintained to the last. The following deceased gentlemen also took much interest in our work :— Walter Farmer Johnson, Esq., elected 1863 ; the Rev. W. H. Marriott, elected 1*68; Thomas Brooks, Esq., elected 1875; the Rev. Canon Twells, elected 1876; Col. J. G. F. Richardson, Philip Wright Esq., and the Rev. K. Fawssett. The Rev. C. Henton Wood, M.A. (for some years Hon. Librarian), and Mr. Arnall-Thompson have resigned their membership. Your Committee are glad to report that no less than twenty-six new Members have been elected during the past year, as follows:— In March. Benjamin Hurst, Esq., J.P., Burbach Grove, Hinckley.; Dr. Thos. Robinson, Bowling Green Street, Leicester; George Green, Esq., Market Harborough; Rev. C. R. Fowke, M.A., Billesdon Vicarage, Leicester. In May. M. Blossom, Esq., Hazelwood, Crumpsall Green, Manchester; Rev. W. 0. Leadbitter, D.C.L., St. Luke's Vicarage, Leicester; G. Murray Smith, Esq., Gumley Hall, Market Harboiough; Ralph Walker, Esq., Ratclitte Hall, Leicester. O. Wright, Esq., Wigston Magna, Leicester. In July. F. Merttens, Esq., Rothley Temple, Loughborough ; T. Bailey, Esq., Northants. Union Bank, Granby Street, Leicester; W. D. Grant, Esq., Roxburgh House, New Walk, Leicester. In November. The Most Hon. The Marquess of Granby (Lord Lieutenant of the County), 16, Arlington Street, S.W.; The Right Hon, The Ear! Howe, The Woodlands, Oxbridge, Bucks; Sir. J. F. L. Rollestou, M P., Glen Parva Grange, Leicester: G. W. Bird, Esq., Walton-on-the-Wolds, Loughborough; A. E. Wright, Esq., The Hollies, Stoneygate, Leicester; A. Oram, Esq., The Spinnies, Ratcliffe Road, Leicester: Alderman Lennard (Mayor of Leicester), West Walk, Leicester; H. W. Wilshere, Esq., Welford Place, Leicester; G. Brown, Esq., Great Glen, Leicester: A. H. Bennett, Esq., Market Street, Leicester; R. Bntland, Esq,., Stoughton Lane, Leicester; F. Bouskell, Esq., Friar Lane, Leicester: Rev. G. A. 154 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

Tanner, B.A., Knossington Rectory, Oakburu ; J. Tuone, Esq., High Cross Street, Leicester. The following have been added to the list of Presidents :—The Right Hon. The Earl Ilowe, The Hou. Sir Matthew Ingle Joyce, SirJ. F. L. Kollerton, M.P. The great feature of the past year lias been the twenty-seventh Amnual Congress of the British Archaeological Association, which was held in Leicester, from the MOth of July to the 4th of August, under the presidency of the Most Hon. the Marquis of Granby. The Rev. Canon Kendell, R.D., was the Chairman of the Local Committee, and your Hon. Secretaries acted as Hon. Local Secretaries to the Association. The Meetings were well attended, and interesting Papers read. Ou Monday, July 30th, the Members of the Congress were received by the Mayor and Mayoress of Leicester (Alderman and Mrs. Wiadley) and the lute K. Smilh-Carington, Esq., U.L., F.S.A., the High Sheriff (in the unavoidable absence of the Marquis of Gianby), and the Mayoress gave a reception in the evening at the Museum. On Tuesday, July 31st, Belvoir Castle was visited. On Wednesday, August 1st, the members drove to Kirby Castle, , Bradgate Park, ifec. Thursday, August 2nd, was occupied in visiting Roman Remains and some of the Leicester Churches under the guidance of your Hon. Secretaries. On Friday, Bosworth Field and the neighbourhood were visited under the guidance of Thos. Harrold, Ksq., one of our members. On Saturday, Lutterworth was visited in the morning, and the farewell meeting took place in the afternoon at the Museum Buildings. Papers were read at the evening meetings. It is hoped that some of these will be published. A full account of the visit of the Association will appear in our transactions. The protection of the Roman Pavement under the Great Central Railway has continued to give your Hon. Secretaries ranch anxious care. The platform of the Station continues to settle at intervals, and so does the permanent way, and the percolation of the water on to the Pavement is causing damage. Your Hon. Corresponding Secretary is very glad to report that the present Mayor of Leicester has taken the matter up, and has arranged for a glass roof with the necessary spouting to be erected to keep off the wet. We trust these measures will prove effectual, and our best thanks are due to the Mayor. As to the Trinity Hospital the amended plans will to some extent carry out the views expressed by the Society in their memorial to the trustees on the subject. The chapel will remain intact, and arrangements are made for leaving eight of the piers and arches of the arcade, and about b'O feet of the original north wall. The space between the piers on the south side and the north wall will be utilized for the men's day room. The principle entrance, doctor's room, porter's room, and ambulatory, for the new hospital, and the chapel and roof over this portion of the building, will be of the same pitch and height as the present roof, and will be covered with the old slates taken off the roof. We again cordially thank the Society of Antiquaries, and especially Mr. Micklethwaite and Mr. W. H. St. John Hope for their great help in the matter. Your Committee, in the interests of Archeology, protests against the new regulation of the Probate Registry for issuing probates and administrations on paper instead of parchment. An attempt is being made to preserve the Huntingdon Tower in High Street, Leicester. Major Freer, Hon. Sec., attended as a delegate the Congress of Archaeological Societies at Burlington House, London, in July last, when he was able to report FORTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT—COnt. 155 that the Leicestershire County Council had approved of the suggestions made by the special committee appointed by the Congress for the greater preservation of county and other documents. We thank the writers for the following Papers, that have been sent in during the past year, and appeal to members to send in more during the present year. 11 On an Ancient Wooden Cross, at Higham-on-the-Hill," by Thos. Harrold, Esq., and Colonel Bellairs. Colonel Bellairs read the re-edited Paper on " The Roman Roads of Leicester," and " Notes on St. Mary's Church, Leicester," at the Meeting of the British Archaeological Association. At the Meetings of the Society some old Hinckley Charters were exhibited by Thos. Harrold. Esq.; also three very Ancient Documents relating to the Manor and Church of Nosely, by Mr. H. Hartopp; Coins and Medals by the Eev. E. Titley (Hon. Local Sec.), and Major Freer (Hon. Sec.).

CHUECH WORK IN 1900. Asfordby,—A reading room has been provided for this parish by the enlarge­ ment of an old building on the Glebe. Total cost, with fittings, £92. Ashby-dc-la-Zouch.—The ancient vestry and the room over it have been restored, and now form part of the parish church. Barkby.—The organ has been restored, at the cost of £130. Beeby.—The new church organ has been erected for £130. Bclton.—A new church porch has been built, cost £110. Billesdon.—New oak furniture,

STAINED-GLASS WINDOWS. Breedon.—The east window of this church has been filled with stained-glass by the late Miss Earp, of Staunton Harrold, at an estimated cost of £500. Discworth.—A stained-glass window has been placed in the church by Mrs. Shahespear, of ; cost, £200. Frolesworth.—Two windows have been placed in this church at a cost of £ 197. Glenfield.—Two windows have been placed in this church in memory of Canon Bennie, the late Rector. Hallaton.—A new east window, representing the Incarnation, has been given : cost, £250. Leicester, St. Martin's.—A window has been placed in this church by the officers of the various battalions of the 17th Regiment (Regulars, Militia, and Volunteers) in memory of the late Colonel F. Reader. Leicester, St. Nicholas'.—A window has been placed in the South Cbapel; cost £102. Lubenham.—The east wall of the church has been restored, and a stained- glass window inserted, as a memorial to the late Mr. and Mrs. Joshua Perkins, by their children; cost, i'333. Shepshed.—A window in the south aisle has been filled with stained-glass by Mrs. Harriman, in memory of her husband, who was churchwarden for many years. Somerby.—A window has been placed in this church in memory of the Rev. W. McManus (Vicar, 1888 to 1895). Wigston Magna.—Mrs. E. J. Eggleston has placed a window in this church in memory of Messrs. W. and E. J. Eggleston, and R. J. and Mrs. E. Chambers; cost, £180.

TREASURER'S ACCOUNT.

RECEIPTS. PAYMENTS. 1900. £ s. d. 1000. £ s. d. By Balance in hand .. 65 6 1 To Printing and Publishing ,, Interest on Investment .. 3 18 2 Transactions, Transcrip­ ,, Subscriptions and Arrears 70 1 0 tion of Documents, &c... 101 14 0 „ Sale of Transactions .. 0 12 6 ,, Subscriptions to Societies, &c...... 386 ,, Expenses of Room, and Sundries .. .. 5 12 0 „ Balance in hand .. 28 3 3 £138 17 9 £138 17 9

G. C. BELLAIRS, Hon. Financial Secretary. J. W. WARTNABY, Auditor.

It was RESOLVED that the Report and Statement of Accounts be adopted. , AND ARCH.KOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 157

The resignation of H. Arnall-Thompson, Esq., was received •with regret. The following new Members were elected :—The Kev. Arthur S. Beresford Freer, M.A., The Vicarage, Gussage All Saints', Salisbury; H. Simpson Gee, Esq., Knighton Frith, Leicester; Harry L. Goddard, Esq., F.R.I.B.A., Market Street, Leicester; G. M, Henton, Esq., Charnwood House, Victoria Road, Leicester ; and Miss Partington, The Lawn, Birstall, Leicester. The Committee and Officers of the Society were re-elected, and a VOTE of thanks was given them for their Services during the past year. A VOTE of thanks was also given to the Mayor of Leicester for the use of the Society's Room, and to the Proprietors of the Leicester Advertiser for reporting the Meetings of the Society. MAJOR FREER read a letter which he had received from F. Merttens, Esq., of Rothley Temple, informing the Society of the DISCOVERY OF AN ANCIENT ROMAN BUILDING AT ROTHLEY. Mr. A. T. DRAPER (of Messrs. Draper & Walters, the Surveyors to the Estate), then exhibited some Plans, showing the position of the remains, and read the following Paper:— IN course of constructing a new road on the Rothley Temple Building Estate, belonging to F. Merttens, Esq., various frag­ ments of masonry, tiles, pottery, bones, &c., were found, and this led to excavations being made in the hope of disclosing some of the buried secrets of the locality. Work was commenced at a point within 50 yards off Rothley Station (G.C.R.), at the junction of the roads leading to Swithland and Rothley, and is still proceeding. The excavations have disclosed the foundations and floors of a dwelling house of a considerable extent; the walls so far as at present traced enclose an area of about 45 feet by 30 feet. The floor is composed of concrete—still very sound and hard—from 4 inches to 6 inches thick, and lies from 3 feet 6 inches to 4 feet below the present ground surface. The walls' are 2 feet wide, of large sized granite rammel—spaces entirely filled and the whole made solid with mortar: the inside surface has evidently been rendered with mortar. The top of the walls as they are at present seems uni­ formly level and is from 1 feet 6 inches to 2 feet above the concrete floor. The field in which the remains are, is at present 158 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL grass, but has been ploughed at one time, and this may explain the level surface of the walls. Standing on the concrete floor are piers about 2 feet apart, of red clay tiles, bedded in mortar. These piers are of various heights, some mere indications, some 3 inches and some 1 foot 6 inches high. Many of the broken tiles shew clay of the sandy nature common to the locality. They vary in size from 11£ inches square and 2 inches thick, to 8 inches square and 3| inches thick. The inside to the level of the walls was filled with debris, con­ taining granite stones, clay slabs, mortar, and red clay tiles supposed to be floor and roof-tiles; also fragments of pottery, bone, horn, &c. A well was discovered at the north-west corner of the building. It is roughly circular, 3 feet in diameter, and lined for a distance of 3 feet from the top with limestone slabs 3 inches thick, and for the remainder with granite rammel—no jointing material being used. The well was filled with debris and slabbed completely over to the level of the top of the walls adjoining. At present a depth of 8 feet has been excavated, but nothing of particular interest has been found. After an interesting discussion the following Resolution was adopted :— "We desire to convey our sincere thanks to F. Merttens, Esq., of Rothley Temple, for the great interest he has shown, and the care that has been taken, in opening up the ground near the Great Central Railway Station, under which the remains of an Ancient Building have been found, and we earnestly hope that he will cause further excavations to be made, and, if necessary, partly divert the proposed new road so that the remains may not be destroyed." A hearty VOTE of thanks was passed to Mr. Draper for his interesting Paper and for preparing the Plan. The following Antiquities, &c., were then exhibited:— BY MR. DRAPER :—A piece of earthenware supposed to be Roman, pieces of carved tiles and stone, and a piece of the horn of a Red Deer, all discovered at Rothley. BY MR. YOUNG :—A stout paper ticket, probably a return pass, printed with an ornamental border, and filled in thus : — West Bridge, Friday, March 7th, 1755. A VOTE of thanks was passed to the Chairman for presiding. AND AECttffiOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 159

March 25th, 1901. Bi-Monthly Meeting, held at the Society's Rooms, at the Library of the Old Town Hall, Leicester.

THE REV. CANON RENDELL, M.A., R.D., in the Chair.

Letters of apology for non-attendance were read from the Rev. S. T. Winckley, M.A. and Major Freer, V.D., F.S.A. (Hon. Sees.). A letter was read from Mr. H. Roechling, C.E., respecting the suggested Archaeological and Photographic Survey of Leicester­ shire, informing the Society that at the Meeting called by the Mayor, held at the Town Hall on the 14th March, the Ven. Archdeacon Stocks in the Chair, it had been unanimously resolved to appoint a, Joint Committee, to consist of two members of each of the Societies and sections interested, and on which Committee Major Freer had been elected President; Geo. Bankart, Esq., Vice-President; and H. A. Roechling, Esq., Hon. Secretary; and asking this Society to elect two members to serve. The first thing the Joint Committee would do would be to prepare a careful Register of all the various objects of Historical, Archaeological, Architectural, and Ethnographical interest in the County, together with a list of all places of natural beauty and all objects of interest worthy of preservation. The Rev. S. T. Winckley was elected to serve upon the Joint Committee.

The following were exhibited:— By ME. F. R. MOBLET :—Portrait of Charles I. A monastic Seal recently found near All Saints' Open, Leicester. By ME. J. TOONE :—Two Photographs of the Roman Pavement in Highcross Street before removal. Some Plans of the Huntingdon Tower were also exhibited. The following new Members were duly elected:—J. Tudor Walters, Esq., Friar Lane, Leicester; G. P. Harper, Esq., M.A., 19, Mecklenburg Street, Leicester. A VOTE of thanks was given to the Chairman for presiding.

May 20th, 1901.—Bi-Monthly Meeting, held at the Society's Room, at the Library of the Old Town Hall, Leicester.

J. W. WAETNABY, ESQ., in the Chair.

The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. 160 LEICESTEESHIEB ARCHITECTURAL

VOTES of thanks were passed to the Society of Architects, London, for Parts 4, 5 and 6 of Vol. I. of the Architects' Maga­ zine; to the Royal Archaeological Institute for Nos. 228 and 229 of the Journal; to the Shropshire Archaeological Society for Part 1., Vol. I. of the Third Series of the Transactions ; to the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology for Part 3, Vol. X. of the Trans­ actions; to the Yorkshire Archaeological Society for Part 62 of the Journal; to the Thoresby Society, Leeds, for the Second Part of the Leeds Registers, and Part 8, Vol. X. of the Miscellanea; to the Cambridge Antiquarian Society for the Cambridge Borough Charters ; Mr. Maitland and Miss Bateson. MAJOR FREER read a letter which he had received from H. A. Roechliug, Esq., respecting the proposed Survey of Leicestershire which had been reported on at the last meeting. It stated that at a meeting of the Joint Committee it had been resolved that the various Societies represented thereon be approached with a view to raising a sum of £5 from each as a Donation in support of the objects of the Joint Committee. The Literary and Philosophical Society had promised a Donation of £10, to be given in two yearly sums of £5 each. After discussion, a sum of £5 was voted towards the above objects. The Hon. Secretary then reported that it had been decided to go to Oxford for their Annual Excursion this year, and that James Parker, Esq., had given him valuable information as to details of the visit. It was decided to visit Oxford on Monday and Tuesday, June 10th and llth, it being left in the hands of the Hon. Cor­ responding Secretary to make any further arrangements he might think desirable. The Hon. Secretary also read a Draft Programme, which was approved with some slight amendments.

The following were then elected :— To be on the Committee: H. L. Goddard, Esq., H. A. Roechling, Esq., Rev. Dr. Leadbitter. To be Members of the Society: S. F. Stone, Esq., High Sheriff, Kirby Frith Hall, Leicester; John Hassell, Esq., J.P., Ashby-de-la-Zouch ; Chas. E. Feaks, Esq., 44, Stretton Road, The Fosse, Leicester; H. H. Smith-Carington, Esq., Stanley Grove, Oxford Road, Manchester. The Hon. Secretary read a letter from F. Merttens, Esq., who was abroad, respecting the Society's hope that he would cause AND ARORffiOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 161 further excavations to be made at Rothley, and stating that he did not wish more excavating to be done in his absence, but when he returned he would endeavour to meet the wishes of the Society. The Hon. Editorial Secretary then read a letter which he had received from Mr. C. Lynam, F.S.A., who contributed an inter­ esting Paper on St. Nicholas Church, on the occasion of the visit of the British Archaeological Association to Leicester last year, and offering the Paper and Drawings for publication in the Society's Transactions. His offer was cordially accepted. The Hon. Secretary then read letters from the East Herts Archaeological Society and the British Archaeological Society, offering to exchange Transactions; and it was resolved that these offers be accepted. The following were exhibited:— By MARTIN BLOXAM, Esq., B.A., M.I.C.E.:—A fine old Map of Leicestershire. A copy of Regulations to be observed on llth July, 1814, as a day of rejoicing in Gilmorton after Waterloo. An old Deed of the time Edward VI., of which the following is a copy :— " Know all men by these presents that I William Bradgatt of Petelyng Parva in the County of Leycester, Yeoman am bounden to Humphrey Button of Kymcott in the said County of Leycester in forty pounds of good and legal money of England to be paid to the said Humphrey or his ascertained Attorney or to his Executors on the Feast of St. Bartholomew the Apostle next after the date of these presents, to which payment weH and duly to be made I bind myself my heirs and executors by these presents sealed with my seal. Dated the aoth day of June, in the year of the reign of Edward VI Dei Gratia of England France and Ireland King Defender of the Faith and on earth of the and Ireland the Supreme Head, the seventh. The condicion of this obligacion is suche that if the above bounden Willm Bradgatt before the Feast of Saint Michell th'Archanngell next comyng after the date herof do make or cause to be made unto the said Humfrey Button and to his heires and assignes a good sure sufficyent and laufull estat in the law in ffee symple of & in one mesuage or tent. & one bailiff yardland set lyyng and beyng in the townes and fellds of Kymcott and Wallton juxta Kymcott in the said County 162 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL

of Leycester and of and in all other his lands medows leasures pastures comens pronitts easeaments and comodites whatsoeyver sett lyyng and beyng in the said townes and fellds of Kymcott and Walton to the said messuage or tent, and hallf yardland belonging or in ony wisse apperteynyng and also if the same Willyam his heirs or assigns discharge the said messuage or tent. & and the said hallf yardland and all other the premisses and every parte and parcell of the same at all & every tyme & tymes hereafter ayenst June Bradgatt mother to the said Willm of & for all suche right interest title and demannd whiche she now hathe or ought to have unto the premisses or to ony parcell therof also yf the said messuage or tent. & and all other the premisses be clerely exoneratyd & dischargid of all former bergayns sails statuts merchannts statuts staple and recogmsannces hadd made done or sufferyd to be done by the said Willm before the date herof. And also yf the said Willm and his heirs & Margaret now wiff of the said Willm at all tymes hereafter & from tyme to tyme at the costs & chargis in the law of the said Humfry Button his heirs & assigns do suffer & knowledge or cause to be done sufFeryd and knowledgid all and every suche laufull acte and acts thyng and thyngs be yt by ffyne withe proclamacion feoffament recovery dede or deds enrollyd release with warantie of the said Willm & of his heires ayenst the said Willm and his heires by all theis ways or meanys or by ony other ways or meanys or by ony of theym as shal' be advised or devised by the said Humfrey his heirs or assignes or by his or their learnyd councell in the lawe for the further suretye & sure makyng of the said messuage or tent, and all other the premisses unto the said Humfrey & his heires for eyver or to suche other persones and to their heires to th' use of the said Humfrey and his heires as the said Humfrey his heires or assignes shall name or appoynt, that then this present obligacion shal be voyd & of none effect or ells to stand in full strength effect and vertu, by me Wyllm Bradgat." By Mr. J. FEWKES :—An old Kapier, Charles^!, period, found in a Eoof at Glen about 70 years ago.

By Mr. J. H. TAYLOR:—Three Medals: Waterloo, Leipsi, and Tirah Campaign—(Three Bars). By the REV. H. FISHER :— Pieces of Stone found in the Mound at Higham-on-the-Hill. A VOTE of thanks was passed to the Chairman for presiding. ^ ARCa&OLOGICAL SOCIETY. 163

July 29i?i, 1901. Bi-Monthly Meeting, held a.t the Society's Room, at the Library of the Old Town Hall, Leicester.

COL. G. C. BBLLAIRS, V.D., in the Chair.

VOTES of thanks were passed to the Royal Archaeological Institute for No. 230, Vol. LVIII. of the Journal; to the Cam­ bridge Antiquarian Society for the Place Names of Cambridgeshire ; to the Society of Architects, London, for Parts 7, 8 and 9, Vol. I. of the Architects' Magazine; to the East Herts Archaeological Society for Part 2, Vol. I. of the Transactions; to the Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society for Part 2, Vol. I. of the Third Series of the Transactions; and to the 'Essex Archaeo­ logical Society for Part 2, Vol. VIII. of the New Series of the Transactions. A VOTE of thanks was received from the East Herts Archaeo­ logical Society for Part 1, Vol. IX. of our own Transactions. Apologies for absence were received from the Rev. Canon Rendell, M.A., R.D.; the Rev. Dr. Leadbitter; and the Rev. S. T. Winckley, M.A. (Hon. Editorial Secretary). The following new Members were duly elected :—The Rev. Guy Landon, M.A., Evington Vicarage, Leicester; Councillor S. Squire, Hotel Street, Leicester; T. H. Heward, Esq., The Elms, Hug- glescote, Leicester. ARCH.EOLOGICAL SURVEY. MAJOR FREER reported that the Joint Committee had arranged to meet Col. Bellairs on August 1st, with a view to tracing out the Old Roman Boundary of Leicester. MAJOR FREER then read an interesting paper on the visit of the Society to Oxford on June 10th and llth last. It was Resolved that a hearty VOTE of thanks be given to Bishop Mitchinson, the Master of Pembroke; F. Madan, Esq., F.S.A., Sub-Librarian of the Bodlean Library; John L. Myres, Esq., F.S.A., President of the Oxford Architectural Society; and James Parker, Esq., M.A., for their trouble in conducting the Members about and explaining the various objects of interest; and Mr. Parker was then elected an Hon. Member of the Society. It was Resolved that a hearty VOTE of thanks be given to Major Freer for his interesting Paper, and that it be printed in the Transactions. MAJOR FREER reported his attendance at the Archaeological Congress at Burlington House, on July 10th, on behalf of the Society. 164 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL

The following were exhibited :— By MAJOR FREER :—Some Plans of the alterations made to the Trinity Hospital, showing the old and new work. Six Photographs showing the position of the new Roman Pave­ ment, recently discovered in Highcross Street. Series of Photographs taken at the Society's recent visit to Oxford. The following Books were kindly presented to the Society by COL. G. C. BELLAIRS, V.D.:— "An Historical Account of the Church of St. Margaret, Stoke Golding." " Where and What is Bitteswell ? " "Part 12, Vol. V. of the Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society." And a book on a " Monument in the Trinity Hospital, Leicester." A VOTE of thanks was given to the Chairman for the gift and for presiding.

September 30th, 1901. Bi-Monthly Meeting, held at the Society's Room, at the Library of the Old Town Hall, Leicester.

THE REV. CANON RENDELL, M.A., R.D., in the Chair.

An apology for absence was received from Col. G. C. Bellairs, V.D. (Hon. Financial Secretary). VOTES of thanks were passed to the Yorkshire Archaeological Society for Part 63 of the Yorkshire Archaeological Journal; to the Society of Architects, London, for Parts 10 and 11, Vol. I. of the Architects' Magazine; to the Clifton Antiquarian Club for Part I, Vol. V. of the Proceedings; and to the East Herts Archaeological Society for Part 1, Vol. I. of the Transactions. MAJOR FREER reported that he had been appointed by the Society of Antiquaries, London, to be a Local Secretary for Leicestershire. He also read the printed Report of the Congress of Archaeological Societies, held at Burlington House, London, on July 10th, which he attended as a Delegate. It was Resolved to send out copies of the same with the next part of the Transactions. AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 165

The Committee Resolved to recommend to the Public an appeal for Funds for the Restoration of the Bells of South Kil- worth Church, near Rugby. Mr. Harry Peach, jun., of Stoughton Road, Leicester, was elected a Member of the Society. The Chairman presented to the Society another volume of " The Gentleman's Magazine," and a VOTE of thanks was passed for the same.

The following were exhibited :—

BY MR. J. W. WARTNABY :—Motto Ring, found near Market Harborough, about 75 years ago, with the inscription, "ALL MYNK SHALL BE THYNE " engraved thereon. BY MR. H. HARTOPP:—Estate Accounts Book, once belonging' to Lawrence, 7th Earl Ferrers, dating from Michaelmas, 1742, to Michaelmas, 1754. This appears to be in the handwriting of John Johnson, the Steward, and contains several autographs of the Earl. Also a Cash and Day Book of Sir Arthur Hesilrige, 7th Bart., 1754 to 1761. A VOTE of thanks was passed to the Chairman for presiding.

November 15th, 1901. Bi-Monthly Meeting, held at the Society's Room, at the Library of the Old Town Hall, Leicester.

MAJOR FREER, V.D., F.S.A., in the Chair.

Apologies for absence were received from the Rev. Canon Rendell, M.A., R.D., Thos. Harrold, Esq., and Col. G. C. Bellairs, V.D. (Hon. Financial Secretary). VOTES of thanks were passed to the Society of Antiquities, Stockholm, for one of the Publications for 1896; to the Royal Archaeological Institute for No. 231, Vol. LVIII. of the Journal; to the Shropshire ArchaBological Society for Part 3, Vol. I. Second Series of the Transactions; and to the Society of Architects, London, for Parts 12 and 13 of the Magazine. The Hon. Secretary reported with regret the death of J. J. Fast, Esq., of Melton Mowbray, who was an old Member of the Society. 166 LEICESTERSHIRE AECHITECTUEAL SOCIETY.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

MAJOR FREER reported that various Meetings of the Committee had been held, and that visits had already been made round the site of the Walls of Old Roman and Mediaeval Leicester, and that the Survey was in progress. The following new Members were duly elected:—E. Lovell Clare, Esq., 33, Friar Lane, Leicester; Vernon B. Crowther-Beynon, Esq., The Grange, Edith Weston, Stamford; F. C. Cook, Esq., Chesterfield House, Hinckley; Mrs. E. G. Stoiber, Silverton, Colorado, U.S.A.; J. T. Forsell, Esq., Winkadale, Bushby, Leicester; The Kev. Wentworth Watson, M.A., Rockingham Castle, Uppingham; The Rev. S. Flood, M.A., Ibstock Rectory, Leicester.

The following were exhibited :—

BY MAJOR FREER :—Old Book containing Form and Method of Proceedings at Assizes and Sessions, and Duties appertaining to the Office of the Clerk of Assize and Clerk of the Peace. Dated 1675. BY MR. J. FEWKES :—Old Seal of the Barrow-on-Soar Board of Guardians. Book of Cuttings, belonging to the father of the late Sir Henry Halford (for many years a Member of the Society). BY MR. J. H. GARNAR :—History of the Parish of , Leicestershire, by the Rev. Henry Whitley, M.A., 1853.

THE CHAIRMAN then read a Paper, by the REV. W. G. D. FLETCHER, M.A., F.S.A., on "THE LORDS LIEUTENANT OF LEICESTERSHIRE," and also a Paper on "THE CLERKS OF THE PEACE, AND CLERKS TO THE LIEUTENANCY," by MAJOR FREER, V.D., F.S.A., for both of which a very hearty VOTE of thanks was passed. The Society hoped that the Rev. W. G. D. Fletcher, M.A., and Major Freer, would allow the Papers to be published in the next year's Transactions. A VOTE of thanks was given to the Chairman for presiding. FOETY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT. 1G7

January 27th, 1902.

THE ANNUAL MEETING of the Leicestershire Architectural and Archaeological Society, held at the Library of the Old Town Hall, St. Martin's, Leicester.

THE VEN. ARCHDEACON STOCKS, M.A., in the Chair.

Apologies for absence were received from the Bishop of Peter­ borough (Patron), Col. G. C. Bellairs, V.D. (Hon. Financial Secretary), and J. W. Wartnaby, Esq. (Hon. Auditor). The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. VOTES of thanks were received for Part 2, Vol IX. of this Society's Transactions from the Royal Archaeological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland ; The Buckinghamshire Architectural and Archaeological Society; The Essex Archaeological Society; The Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire. VOTES of thanks were passed to the Essex Archaeological Society for Part 3 of the Feet of Fines, and Part 3, Vol. VIII. of the Transactions; and to The Society of Architects, London, for Part 15 of the Magazine. It was RESOLVED that exchanges with the Society of Architects, London, and the Somerset Archaeological Society be discontinued for various reasons. MAJOR FREER obtained the Committees' approval of a new leaflet, showing the objects of the Society, &c., the old one being out of date. He then read the Report for the year 1901, and presented the Accounts, which had been duly audited by Mr. Wartnaby, the Hon. Auditor. THE REPORT FOR 1901.

BEFORE entering upon the usual report of work done in 1901, the Forty-seventh Annual Report of the Society, your Committee feel that they must allude to the gloom cast over the Empire by the death of Her late Most Gracious Majesty. At the last Annual Meeting the following Resolution was passed and ordered to be entered upon the Minutes: " Before proceeding with the business of the day, we desire to place on record our profound sorrow on account of the death of our much beloved Sovereign Queen Victoria; our continued and unalterable loyalty and devotion to the Crown, and our sympathy with His Most Excellent Majesty King Edward the VII., and the Members of the Royal Family in their bereavement." 168 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

During the past year we have alsoj to record the loss of the following Members by death, namely:— Richard Smith-Carington. Esq., T.P., D.L., F.S.A., High Sheriff of Leicester­ shire. He took the greatest interest in our work, and gave the Inaugural Address to the British Archaeological Association when they visited Leicester in 1900. James Ellis, Esq., one of our Presidents, and an ex-M.P. for the County. The Rev. C. W. Belgrave, one of our oldest Members. William Billson Esq., also an old Member, and sometime Treasurer of the Borough of Leicester. J. J. Fast, Esq., J.P., of Melton Mowbray, another old Member. Aid. S. Lennard, Mayor of Leicester, who was elected in 1901, and took much interest in the preservation of the Roman Pavement under the Great Central Railway at Leicester. Mrs. Dawson Rowley, of Brighton, an old Member. Mr. Joseph Toone, who was only elected a Member in 1900; he was a past President of the Leicester Photographic Society. By resignation:—The Rev. C. P. Eden and Mr. A. W. Tunbridge. On the other hand the following twenty, three new Members were duly elected, so that there is a net increase of thirteen:— In January. G. B. Bird, Esq., Walton-on-the-Wolds, Loughborongh ; The Rev. A. S. Beresford Freer, M.A., The Vicarage, Gussage All Saints', Salisbury; H. Simpson Gee, Esq., J.P., Knighton Frith, Leicester; H. L. Goddard, Esq., F.R.I.B.A., Market Street, Leicester; G. M. Hentou, Esq., Charnwood House, Victoria Road, Leicester; Miss Partington, The Lawn, Birstall, Leicester. In March. J. Tudor Walters, Esq., Friar Lane, Leicester; G. P. Harper, Esq., M.A., 19, Mecklenburg Street, Leicester. In May. S. F. Stone, Esq., J.P., D.L. (High Sheriff), Kirby Frith Hall, Leicester; John Hassall, Esq., J.P., Ashby-de-la Zouch ; Chas. E. Peaks, Esq., 44. Stretton Road, The Fosse, Leicester; H. H. Smith-Carington, Esq., Stanley Grove, Oxford Road, Manchester. In July. The Rev. Guy Landon, M.A., Evington Vicarage, Leicester; Councillor S. Squire, Hotel Street, Leicester; T. H. Heward, Esq., C.C., The Elms, Hugglescote, Leicester. In September. Harry Peach, Esq., jun., Stoughton Road, Leicester. In November. E. Lovell Clare, Esq., 33, Friar Lane, Leicester; Vernon B. Crowther-Beynon, Esq.. The Grange, Edith Weston, Stamford ; F. C. Cook, Esq., Chesterfield House, Hinckley; Mrs. E. G. Stoiber, Silverton, Colorado, U.S.A.; Rev. Wentworth Watson, M.A., Rockingham Castle, Uppingham ; Rev. S. Flood, M.A., Ibstock Rectory, Leicester; J. T. Forsell, Esq., Winkadale, Bushby, Leicester. We hope that this increase will be maintained in the forthcoming year. It is interesting to note that four out of the five County Representatives who personally presented an Address of Condolence from the Inhabitants of Leicestershire to His Majesty King Edward VII., on the igth day of March last, at St. James's Palace, were Members of this Society, namely:—The Most Honourable the Marquess of Granby, The Lord Lieutenant; S. Francis Stone, Esq., J.P., D.L., High Sheriff; Hussey Packe, Esq., J.P., D.L., Chairman of Quarter Sessions and of the County Council (Presidents) ; Major Freer, V.D., F.S.A., Clerk to the Lieutenancy (Hon. Sec.) ; the fifth being C. B. McLaren, Esq., K.C., M.P. (who has since joined the Society). At the suggestion of the Leicester Literary and Philosophical Society, a meeting of representatives of the various local societies was held in the Town Hall, the Venerable Archdeacon Stocks in the chair, in the unavoidable absence FOETY-SEVBNTH ANNUAL REPORT—COnt. 169

of the late Alderman S. Lennard, the Mayor of Leicester, and a committee appointed to take up the question of an Archaeological, Architectural, and Photographic Survey of the County of Leicester. Major Freer, V.D., F.S.A., Local Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries London, was elected President; George Bankart, Esq., Vice-President; and A. H. Roechling, Esq., C.E., F.G.S., of 14, Market Street, Leicester, Hon. Secretary. An Archaeological Sub-Committee has been formed, upon which the Arch­ deacon of Leicester; Colonel Bellairs, V.D.; A. H. Paget, Esq.; Captain A. T. Draper; S. Pick, Esq.; T. S. Elgood, Esq.; Rev. S. T. Winckley, M.A.; J. W. Spurway, Esq.; and others have been elected Members. A Photographic Sub- Committee has also been formed under the Chairmanship of the Vice-President. Your Society has contributed ^5 towards expenses, and similar sums have been promised by the Society of Architects, the Footpath Society, the Kyrle Society, and the Photographic Society. The Literary and Philosophical Society has voted £10 to be paid in iqoi and 1902. One of our Honorary Members, James Neale, Esq., F.S.A., has also kindly given £<,. Circulars have been sent out to the Incumbents of Parishes in the County, and all Members are requested to help in getting accurate information supplied to the Committee. J. W. Spurway, Esq. has also kindly consented to place his great local knowledge at the disposal of the Committee. At an early date it is hoped to issue a preliminary Report for the information of the Members of the Joint Societies. Your Committee have also further to report, that they are continuing to press the Leicester Corporation to take further steps to preserve the Pavement under the Great Central Station at Leicester, and also the Jewry Wall. The finding of a portion of the hypocaust of a Roman Villa at Rothley Temple, was reported upon in January last. It is interesting to note that in The Archaeolopia, of the Society of Anti­ quaries, London, the late Mr. Babbington, of Rothley Temple, reported the finding of a piece of mosaic pavement, about a foot square, and some silver and gold coins, on the making of a ditch in 1784-5.—Vide Vol. X., p. 370. The finding of a similar piece of pavement took place when the Great Central Railway was being made. A small part of a Roman Pavement has been found at the corner of High Cross Street and High Street, Leicester. Pottery and coins hare also been discovered. During the past year the following Papers have been read :— By Captain A. T. Draper, on " The Finding of part of a Roman Villa at Rothley Temple." By Major Freer, V.D., F.S.A.: "An Account of the Society's Visit to Oxford in 1901." By the Rev. W. G. D. Fletcher, M,A., FS.A. (Hon. Member), on "The Lords Lieutenant of Leicestershire." By Major Freer, V.D., F.S.A., on " Clerks of the Peace, and Clerks to the Lieutenancy." It is hoped that Members will send in Papers to the Hon. Secretaries. As referred to above, the Annual Visit of Members and Friends was made to Oxford, on June roth and nth. Our thanks are especially due to the Right Rev. Bishop Mitchinson, Master of Pembroke, and James Parker, Esq., M.A.: the latter has been elected an Honorary Member. Major Freer has been appointed a delegate to the Congress of Archaeological Societies, held at Burlington House, London, on July zoth; a Report of the Congress has been sent to each of our Members. The new work at the Trinity Hospital, Leicester, has now been carried out on the lines originally suggested by your Society; and the Members are to be congratulated upon thus partially saving from destruction one of the relics of Mediaeval Leicester. 170 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

The Leicestershire County Council has been asked by the Lutterworth Parish Council to take charge of the Wycliffe Memorial, at Lutterworth (which, with the site, cost £t,ooo), under the provision of the Acts for the protecting of Ancient Monuments. It it to be hoped that an arrangement will be come to satisfactory to both parties.

CHURCH AND OTHER WORK IN THE COUNTY. Ashby-de-la-Zouch.—New heating apparatus, and organ enlarged. Cost £250. Ashby-de-la-Zonch, Holy Trinity.—Church spire taken down, being dangerous. Cost £100. It is hoped this will be rebuilt. Harwell.—Two new bells added to a peal of six. Cost £146. Belton.—New play ground, cloak-room, &c., for school. Cost £169. Birstall.—Churchyard enlarged, land given. Fencing cost £90. Blackfordby.—Repairs to church, new guttering, &c. Organ and silver paten. Cost £250. Bowden, Little.—This parish church has been restored at a cost of £2,300. Braunstone.—Chancel and nave wall re-pointed, also tower. £75. Breedon-on-the-Hill.—Plaster and whitewash removed from walls of church and porch. Cost £70. Claybrooke.—Church repaired ; new stained-glass window. £190. Cold Ooerton.—Upper part of tower rebuilt; bells rehung ; and new clock. Cost £275. Damage done by lightning in 1900 repaired, cost covered by insurance. Coleorton.—Memorial lych gate at entrance to churchyard. Ellistown.—Stone screen and reredos given. Fleckney.—Addition to churchyard (three roods), with surrounding wall. Cost £300. Consecrated by the Lord Bishop of Peterborough, November 26th. Galby.—Chancel floor tiled. Hallaton.—Dwarf stone chancel screen. Cost £60. Heather.—New organ. Cost £100. Houghton-on-the-Hill.—Churchyard wall rebuilt. Hitjglescote.—Stained-glass window. .—Interior repaired, new carved oak reredos, &c. Kilworth, South.—Four bells re-hung, two recast. Cost £194. Leicester, Belgrave.—Churchyard fenced; new room added to school. Cost £312. Leicester, St. Augustine's, Neiofoundpool.—Church consecrated by the Lord Bishop of Peterborough, on February gth. Leicester, Holy Trinity.—New reredos, £300; and three-manual organ, £1,000. Leicester, St. Andrew's.—Electric light in church; memorial vestries com­ pleted. Cost £600. Leicester, St. Martin's.—Electric light in church. Cost £200. Leicester, St. Peter's.—Electric light; new heating apparatus; walls and roof painted; new infants' room at Conduit Street School. Cost £900. Leicester, St. James' the Greater. Portion of church built (Architects, Messrs. Goddard, M.R.I.B.A., of Leicester), consisting of chancel, choir, and four bays of nave. Cost £7,900. Two additional bays, with baptistry, narthex, and west end will complete the church, which will then seat 1,000 people. FORTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT—COTlt. 171

This church is of the Basilica type, with raised choir projecting into the body of the church. Under the choir and apse are convenient parish and class rooms. The materials are Woodville bricks, red Mansfield stone, and Devonshire marble columns. The terra cotta is by the Leeds Fire Clay Co. Leicester, St. Mary's.—The spire, tower, and walls of this ancient church have been most carefully restored, under the direction of Messrs R. and J. Goodacre, Architects, of Leicester, the work being carried out by Mr. J. W. Pendlelon, also of Leicester. Only the perished stone-work has been removed, and the new stones have been well bedded into the old work, and backed in and well grouted, so as to leave the whole mass of work as solid as possible. The pinnacles and parapets were in a very bad state, and had to be taken down, rebuilt, and well secured. The spire has been repaired and pointed up to 30 feet of the vane, the upper portion having been done a few years ago. The cost was £1,600. About £500 will have to be spent in restoring the aisle and clerestory, and the outer walls of the chancel. Leicester, St. Stephen's.—Small organ. £65. Parr's Bank.—We have pleasure in congratulating Messrs. Everard and Pick upon their designs for the new Bank, in St. Martin's, Leicester, which occupies the site of the old buildings of Messrs. Pares's Bank. The new Bank is faced externally with Portland stone, the base being of unpolished grey Aberdeen granite. The Banking Hall has a domed ceiling of steel construction covered with expanded metal to receive the plastering, the modelled decoration of which has been executed by Mr. G. P. Bankart. The lower portion of the internal walls is lined with unpolished mahogany. The floors are partly teak and partly marble; the latter work and other marble deco­ rations have been executed by Messrs. Farmer and Brindley. The electroliers and some of the ironwork are the work of the Bromsgrove Guild of Applied Art. The sculpture panels are executed in Portland stone, and are by Mr. C. J. Alien, Sculptor of University College, Liverpool. Two of the subjects are "Commerce" and " Agriculture," and are each ten feet by five feet. The contractors for the general building are Messrs. J. C. Kellett and Son. The total cost will amount to nearly £40,000. Market Bosworth.—New stained-glass east end window. Given. Markfield.—Bells re-hung and re-tuned. Big bell re-cast, and tower and roofs, nave and aisles, repaired. Cost £150. Oadby.—Gift of six bells. New chiming clock. £800. Packington.—Church restored at a cost of £600. Oak reredos. Batcliffe Culey.— East window filled with stained-glass. Ratcliffe-on-the-Wreake.—Part of spire rebuilt. Botherby.—New heating apparatus. Slawston.—Gift of silver flagon, and paten, to match old chalice. Smeeton Westerby.—Rectory house completed. Cost £1,525. Stockerstone.—Roof of church repaired. Oak reredos. Thorpe Arnold.—Two-manual organ, purchased for £145. Thurcaston.—Church lighted with gas. £45. Tilton-on-the-Hill.—Four bells re-hung. Waltonon-the- Wolds.—New hot-air apparatus. £72. Whitwick.—Children's stained-glass window in baptistry. £55. Wigston Magna.—Chancel restored. £500. Wigston, South.—Tower and a peal of eight bells given by Thos. Ingram, Esq. £2,600. Stockdale Harrison, Esq., of Leicester, Architect. Wiqston Parva.—i2th century chapel restored. Cost £356. New class-room added to school. £300. Wymondham.—Churchyard enlarged, site given. £128. P VOL. IX. 172 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL

TREASURER'S ACCOUNT. RECEIPTS. PAYMENTS. 1901. £ s. d. 1901. £ s. d. By Balance ...... 28 3 3 To Printing and Publishing ,, Interest on Investment Transactions, Transcrip­ (£100 Leicester Corpora­ tion of Documents, Illus­ tion Stock) .. .. 2 17 5 trations, &c. .. .. 85 19 3 „ Subscriptions and Arrears go 12 o „ Subscriptions to Societies „ Sale of Transactions .. 012 2 and Publications .. 13 8 6 ,, Cash from Excursion .. 130 ,, Expenses of Room, Post­ ages and Sundries (in­ cluding Hon. Secretary's expenses out of pocket for several years) .. 7 18 3 ,, Printing Programmes for Excursion .. .. 130 ,, Subscription to Archaeo­ logical Survey of Leices­ tershire ...... 500 Balance in hand .. .. 9 18 10 £123 7 10 £123 7 10

Audited and found correct, JOHN WADE WARTNABY, Hon. Auditor. January zoth, 1902. G. C. BELLAIRS, Financial Secretary.

The Report and Accounts were adopted. With regard to the reduced balance in hand, a letter was read from the Hon. Treasurer, who recommended that many of the expenses of the Society in previous years should be discontinued, and a long discussion then took place, as to whether the Society should publish their own Transactions bienially, instead of every year as heretofore. The Committee decided to postpone the matter. The Patron and Presidents of the Society and the Committee and Officers were re-elected. A hearty VOTE of thanks was given to them for their services during the past year. J. W. Spurway, Esq., Highcross Street, Leicester, and Mr. H. Hartopp, Barclay Street, Leicester, were elected on the Committee. The Excursion Committee was re-appointed, with the addition of H. A. Roechling, Esq., Market Street, Leicester. VOTES of thanks were passed to the Mayor for the use of the Society's Room, and to the Proprietors of the Leicester Advertiser for publishing accounts of the Society's Meetings during the past year. AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 173

The following new Members were duly elected:—Major J. Hatchett, J.P., Ravenstone, Ashby-de-la-Zouch; W. H. Payne, Esq., J.P., Hinckley; Sidney A. Gimson, Esq., 20, Glebe Street, Leicester; W. H. Winterton, Esq., Carisbrooke, Stanley Road, Leicester; W. J. New, Esq., Melton Mowbray; Mr. J. H. Cooke, 154, Clarendon Park Road, Leicester; and W. F. Jackson, Esq., New Street, Leicester. W. J. New, Esq., was also elected Local Secretary for the Melton Mowbray District.

The following were exhibited :—

BY MAJOR FREER :—The Birmingham Pitt Club Medal (Silver, and glazed, with ring for suspension). OBVERSE : Head and bust of William Pitt. Motto : " non sibi sed patrise." (Webb). REVERSE: Within a Laurel Wreath, "Birmingham Pitt Club, MDCCCXIV." This Medal belonged to Major Freer's great-grandfather, the late Thomas Freer, Esq., of Dale End, New Street, Birmingham. The Leicestershire Medal, similar to the above (Silver, and glazed, with ring, but smaller and not so finely engraved). OBVERSE : Head of William Pitt. Motto: " non sibi sed patriae vixit. (Under head, T. Webb). REVERSE : Outside a Laurel Wreath, " Pitt Club of the Town and County of Leicester. According to the late Mr. J. Gough Nicholls, F.S.A., this club was founded in 1814. The Anniversary Meeting was 28th May. The following are the Officers of the Club, as given in the Leicester Directory, printed and published by J. Fowler, in 1815:— President: LORD ROBERT MANNERS, M.P. Vice-President : COLONEL CRUMP. Treasurer: JOHN MANSFIELD, ESQ. Secretary: MR. J. D. JACKSON. 174 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL

BY MAJOR FREER (for MRS. GEO. FRANKLIN) :—A Silver Spoon with seal top, plain bowl with plain round embossed circle inside, in a line with, but under the stem. On the top D — F. D —M. 1607. This spoon belonged to Dorothy, wife of Richard Cromwell, the son of the Protector, and has been handed down in the Barratt family, and generally owned by a Dorothy. The spoon is earlier than 1607, this being the date when engraved as above. Also by MAJOR FREER (for T. W. EVERARD, Esq., J.P.):—An Ivory Director's Pass on the Leicester and Swannington Railway. Four copies of The Times Newspaper: 1st.—Monday, July 3rd, 1797, contains particulars of the Execution of Richard Parker for Mutiny at the Nore, and an account of the Trial of the Mutineers of the "Leopard." 2nd.—Wednesday, October 3rd, 1798. Account of the Battle of the Nile, with a copy of the London Gazette Extraordinary, list of Ships engaged, killed and wounded; and an advertisement for £200 Reward for robbing a Post-boy of the Mails to Tonbridge Rye, &c., two miles from Farnborough; and of a Meeting at the King's Arms, Greenbank, of the Subscribers to the Boy's Masonic Charity. 3rd.—Thursday, April 16tb, 1801. An account of the Battle of Copenhagen; Advertisements: Benefit of Mrs. Siddons, at Drury Lane, Lady Macbeth, Mrs. Siddons; and Miss Linwood's Exhibition at the Hanover Square Concert Rooms. 4th.—Thursday, November 7th, 1805. Battle of Trafalgar, Collingwood's Dispatches, list of Ships engaged, list of killed and wounded, account of Lord Nelson's last moments; Advertise­ ments : a portrait of Lord Nelson, to be sold by Messrs Colgnahi, and by Mr. J. Murcott, a Pack of well-bred bony Harriers. BY COUNCILLOR S. SQUIRE :—Medal struck by the Mayor of Leicester (Aid. W. Bigge), to commemorate the opening of the Leicester Cemetery, in the year 1849. BY MR. H. HARTOPP (for CAPTAIN BURNS-HARTOPP) :—A Roman Coin of Julius Caesar (1st Brass) bearing the inscription IVLIVS DIVOS CAESAR, found with others at Rothley some years ago. Also a perfect Roman Jug, 7 inches deep, a piece of embossed Samian Ware, and a Lady's Bronze Enamelled Scent Case of the same period, all recently found in Leicester. 210.)

p.

LEICESTER.

vl.,

ST.,

vol.

(see

SARAH

Esq.,

IN

Bown,

P.

T.

DISCOVERED

by

drawing

a

PAVEMENT

From

ROMAN

fa^e

face

(To AND ARCH.EOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 175

Mr. Hartopp also reported some recent discoveries of Roman Remains in Leicester, viz:—in High Street, St. Nicholas' Street, and the vicinity. These consist of a Vase of Upchurch Ware, 9 inches deep, a Dish, a Mortarium, part of a Lamp, part of a large Amphorn, a Coin of the Emperor Allectus, and some Bronze Ornaments and fragments of Samian and Castor Ware. Some of the fragments of Samian Ware are very interesting, and contain in addition to the usual figures of Men, Animals, &c., the following Potters' Names and Marks :— IVLLIN. IVSTI. M. MARCELLIVI. MARTINI. MVXIVII. M. RICCI. RVFIANI. M. TITVS. FEC. Besides the Roman Remains just mentioned, an Anglo-Saxon Urn, and an Early English Holy Water Stoop, were recently found in High Street. A VOTE of thanks was given to the Chairman for presiding.

March 24tfe, 1902. Bi-Monthly Meeting, held at the Society's Room, at the Library of the Old Town Hall, Leicester.

THE REV. CANON RENDELL, M.A., R.D., in the Chair.

The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. An apology for absence was received from the Ven. the Arch­ deacon of Leicester. VOTES of thanks were received from the following Societies for Part 2, Vol. IX. of this Society's Transactions :—The Society of Antiquaries of London; The Cambridge Antiquarian Society; The Buckinghamshire Architectural and Archaeological Society; The East Herts Archaeological Society; The Clifton Antiquarian Club. VOTES of thanks were passed to the Somersetshire Archaeo­ logical Society for Vol. XLVII. of the Proceedings; to the Royal Archaeological Institute for No. 232, Vol. LVIII. of the Journal; 176 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL to the Powys Land Club for Part 1, Vol. XXXII. of the Mont­ gomeryshire Collections; to the Society of Architects, London, for the Year Book for 1902; to the Shropshire Archaeological Society for Part 1, Vol. II., of the Third Series of the Transac­ tions ; to the Surrey Archaeological Society for Vol. XVI. of the Transactions; and to the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology for Part 1, of Vol. XI. of the Transactions. MAJOR FREER reported with very great regret, the loss the Society had sustained in the death of the late W. U. Heygate, Esq., one of its Presidents, and one of the Society's oldest Members. MAJOR FREER read a letter from the Rev. W. H. Palmer, asking for a Subscription towards the Restoration of the Parish Church, at Wanlip. This the Society were obliged to refuse, owing to lack of funds, though greatly sympathising with the object. The following new Members were duly elected:—Mrs, George Franklin, 39, London Road, Leicester; Rev. H. Barber, M.D., F.S.A., Ravenstone Hospital, Ashby-de-la-Zouch; Col. L. L. Powell, V.D., The Elms, Melton Mowbray; Henry Deane, Esq., Loughborough; Rev. H. S. Biggs, B.A., The Grammar School, Lutterworth; Francis Hewitt, Esq., Thornleigh, Stoneygate, Leicester; W. G. Parkinson, Esq., The Cottage, Humberstone, Leicester; W. J. Tucker, Esq., Parkside, Loughborough; T. H. Cartwright, Esq., 12, Market Street, Leicester; T. H. Ashby, Esq., Elmsleigh, Narborough Road, Leicester; Wm. Langham, Esq., 24, Glenfield Road, Leicester. Mr. Tucker was elected Hon. Local Secretary for Loughborough, and the Rev. Dr. Barber for the District of Ashby-de-la-Zouch. A most interesting Paper, illustrated by Photographs, was then read on the DISCOVERY OF ANGLO-SAXON REMAINS FROM A SAND-PIT AT NORTH LUFFENHAM, RUTLAND, By VERNON B. CROWTHER-BEYNON, ESQ., of The Grange, Edith Weston, Stamford. He also exhibited a fine Bronze Cruciform Fibula, an Iron Spear, two Umbo's of Shields, Knives, Pottery, two fine Bronze mounted Buckets, an Urn, and various other fragments of Pottery. A hearty VOTE of thanks was given to Mr. Crowther-Beynon, for his able and interesting Paper, and it was resolved to publish it in the Associated Transactions. AND ARCH^OLOGIOAL SOCIETY. 177

The following were exhibited :— BY ME, H. HARTOPP:—A Saxon Urn found in High Cross Street, in June, 1900, 8 feet deep. BY J. FEWKES, ESQ. :—An exact copy of the Poll of the County of Leicester, 1775. A VOTE of thanks was given to the Chairman for presiding.

May 26th, 1902. Bi-Monthly Meeting held at the Society's Room, at the Library of the Old Town Hall, Leicester.

THE REV. CANON RENDELL, M.A., R.D., in the Chair.

Apologies for absence were received from the Ven. Archdeacon Stocks, and H. A. Roechling, Esq., M.I.C.E. VOTES of thanks were passed to the Cambridge Antiquarian Society for No. 38 of Octavo Publications, and Part 1, Vol. X. of Proceedings, and the List of Members up to May 29th, 1901; to the Derbyshire Archaeological and Natural History Society for Vol. XXIV. of the Journal; to the East Hertfordshire Archae­ ological Society for Part 3, Vol. I. of the Transactions; to the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire for Vol. LII. of the Transactions ; to the Yorkshire Archaeological Society for Part 4, Vol. XVI. of the Archseological Journal; to the Royal Archae­ ological Institute for Part 1, Vol. LIX. of the Journal. MAJOR FREER reported that he attended (by request) at a Meeting held at Oakham on the 15th instant, when it was decided to form an Archaeological and Natural History Society for the County of Rutland. It was Resolved that the Dukeries should be visited this year for the Annual Excursion, on Tuesday and Wednesday, July 8th and 9th, the details to be left to the Excursion Committee. The following new Members were duly elected:—F. Griffith Esq., M.I.C.E., Clarendon, Stoneygate, Leicester; A. W. Faire, Esq., Elmcote, Elms Road, Knighton, Leicester; L. T. Topham, Esq., J.P., C.C., Lutterworth House, Lutterworth. The Rev. S. T. Winckley then brought to the notice of the Society that in the opening of one of the Prehistoric Brochs (so familiar in some parts of Scotland) near Caithness some time ago, by Sir Francis Tress Barry, Bart., a Skull had been unearthed with three small neatly drilled holes in the form of a triangle on the top of the skull. An almost identical skull was found in 178 LEICESTEKSHIKE ARCHITECTURAL

Northamptonshire some years ago, and illustrations of it appeared in the Associated Volume for the year 1885. It was resolved to publish illustrations of these two finds in one of the parts of the Transactions. The following were exhibited :— BY MR. J. YOUNG:—Small Roman Coin (3rd Brass) of the Emperor Maximinus II., found in repairing a frozen water main at the corner of Coventry Street and Great Holme Street, Leicester, 20 feet below the surface, in February last. BY MAJOR FREER :—The following Local War Medals— 15iH HUSSARS. PENINSULA—Bars : Sahagun, Vittoria and Toulouse. W. GREASLEY, Troop-Sergt. Major. WATERLOO. G. CHEETLE, Troop-Sergt. Major. Both fine specimens. BY T. W. EVERARD, ESQ. :—Two very rare Apostle Silver Spoons, with figures of St. Andrew and St. Paul respectively on the top of the stems. (Period Henry VIII.) 1519. Also two other-Silver Spoons (Commonwealth Period—1655). BY MR. H. HARTOPP :—A Roman Coin (1st Brass) of the Emperor Hadrian, found during Excavations in Gallowtree Gate in 1901. A Roman Coin of the Emperor Constantine (3rd Brass) found recently at the corner of Westcotes Drive and Fosse Road. A Bone Needle of an early date, probably Anglo-Saxon. Also a fine medieval Ecclesiastical Pewter Vessel, with the figure of a Priest upon it found in The Friars several years ago. A VOTE of thanks was given to the Chairman for presiding.

July 28th, 1902. Bi-Monthly Meeting, held at the Society's Room, at the Library of the Old Town Hall, Leicester. THE REV. CANON RENDELL, M.A., R.D., in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIKTY. 179

VOTES of thanks were passed to the Eoyal Archaeological Institute for No. 234 of the Archaeological Journal; to the Kent Archaeological Society for Vol. XXV. of Archseologia Cantiana; to the Essex Archaeological Society for Part 4, Vol. VIII. (New Series) ; to the Cambridge Antiquarian Society for Vol. XXXIV. of the Publications. MAJOR FREER reported that he had, on the 21st instant and subsequently, inspected a portion of the Medieval Wall of Leicester in "Wiclif" Street, opposite the entrance to Messrs. Salusbury and Woodhouse's office, which had been uncovered for drainage purposes. The wall was 2| feet thick, and the position proved that the line of the old wall proposed to be laid down in the Archaeological Survey was correct. He also read a letter from the Southport Society of Natural Science, offering to exchange Transactions. This was declined owing to want of space. An invitation was received from the Rev. H. S. Gedge, of Aylestone Rectory, by the Committee of the Society, and accepted, asking them to inspect the Church and several objects of Archaeo­ logical interest on the 8th September. The following new Members were duly elected:—Sir C. B. McLaren, Bart., K.C., M.P., 43, Belgrave Square, London, W.; Mrs. Hassall, Rearsby Rectory, Leicester; William Wilkins, Esq., Prior Park, Ashby-de-la-Zouch; T. S. Elgood, Esq., 90, New Walk, Leicester; C. H. Kitson, Esq., B.A., Mus. Doc., Hill Top, London Road, Leicester. Sir Chas. B. McLaren was also elected one of the Presidents of the Society. The following were exhibited :— BY MAJOR FREER (on behalf of MB. S. SQUIRE) :—A series of Photographs of Worksop Priory, Clumber, Hardwick Hall, and Bolsover Castle and Church, which were taken on the occasion of the Annual Excursion. On behalf of Miss PLACE, he exhibited a fine Silver Hunting Watch (18th Century), having a representation of a dismounted huntsman holding up a fox to the hounds, beautifully executed in repousse work on the back of the outside case. \ BY THE REV. CANON SANDERS :—Copy of a Sermon preached in St. Martin's Church, Leicester, by the Rev. John Newton, M.A., the Vicar (sometime Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge), in 1684, to Elizabeth Ridgeway, who had poisoned her husband. She was, on March 24th, 1684, sentenced to be burnt, by the Right Hon. 180 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL

Sir Thos. Street, one of His Majesty's Judges of Assize for the Midland Circuit. Also an account of his interviews with the criminal. Printed for Richard Chiswel, at the Rose and Crown, in St. Paul's Churchyard, 1684. BY MR. H. HARTOPP :—Some Roman remains recently found in High Street, Leicester. These include fragments of Embossed Samian Ware, part of a Castor Ware Vase, part of an Upchurch Ware Urn, and part of a Samian Ware Dish. Also some Roman Coins of the Emperors Vespatian, Domitian, and Diocletian. VOTES of thanks were given to the Exhibitors and to the Chairman for presiding.

September 29tfc, 1902. Bi-Monthly Meeting, held at the Society's Room, at the Library of the Old Town Hall, Leicester. J. W. WARTNABY, ESQ., in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Apologies for absence were received from the Ven. Archdeacon Stocks, M.A., the Rev. Canon Rendell, M.A., R.D., and the Rev. Canon Sanders, LL.D. VOTES of thanks were passed to the Yorkshire Archaeological Society for Part 65 of the Journal, and for the Programme of the Visit to Guisborough, &c.; to the Thoresby Society, Leeds, for Part 2, Vol. VI., and Part 2, Vol. VIII. of the Publications of the Society; to the Shropshire Archaeological Society for Part 2, Vol. II. of the Third Series of the Transactions. MAJOR FREER reported that the Archaeological and Natural His­ tory Society for the County of Rutland had started with a good number of Members, and that it was proposed to print a Quarterly Magazine to be called " The Rutland Magazine." It was resolved that the Society subscribe for a copy. It was reported that a very successful Meeting had been held at Aylestone Church (St. Andrew's, on September 8th. A description of the chief points of Architectural interest was given by Mr. J. Goodacre, the Archi­ tect for the Church Restoration, and a collection of Antiquities exhibited by the Vicar, Rev. Canon Gedge, who kindly promised to supplement Mr. Goodacre's Paper at an early date. On the proposition of Mr. J. W. Wartnaby, seconded by Mr. H. A. Roechling, it was resolved that these two Papers be printed in one of the parts of the Associated Papers, together with some Extracts and Notes on the Parish Church of Misterton, by Mr. W. Brad- brook. AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 181

The following were duly elected :— To be on the Committee: J. H. Garnar, Esq. To be a Member of the Society: Samuel J. Lilley, Esq., Westbank, Southfields, Leicester. A short and interesting Paper was read by Major Freer in connection with a visit he made in August to the Isle of Saints (one of the Isles of the Sea), which lies to the North-west of the Isle of Scarba, on the West coast of Scotland. On this island are to be found two bee-hive shaped dwellings, said to be erected about the 6th Century by one of St. Columba's Monks. Near to these are the ruins of an old monastic building and a burial ground, near which is a mound with a headstone, on which is carved a plain cross. Tradition ascribes the grave to be that of St. Columba's Mother. The following were exhibited :— BY MR. THOS. HARROLD :—Some fragments of old Pottery found in a brickyard near Hinckley, also three coins ; a Silver Edward I. Penny, struck at Bury St. Edmunds; an Italian Coin dated 1807; and a Copper Nuremberg Token. BY MR. H. H. PEACH :—A most interesting ancient English Missal of about 1420, found in a farmhouse on the Hinckley and Barwell Estate in 1852. The missal is written on vellum, and besides the rubrics, has many hundred letters beautifully illu­ minated in gold and colours, with beautiful border decorations of the spiked pattern. It also contains two full-page miniatures, a crucifixion with St. John and the Virgin, and Christ enthroned with the symbols of the four Gospels. There are no traces of names of ownership, but in five of the borders the following arms appear: " az a chevron between three Owls argent membered or." The calendar, which is principally that of Sarum use, contains a rubricated entry, " Dedicatis ecclesiae de Hameldon." The only rubricated English saint is St. Hugh of Lincoln. In the calendar the words "ppe pope" have been scratched out, evidently in Henry VIII.'s reign, and afterwards re-inserted; also St. Thomas of Canterbury. On the flyleaves at the commencement are four prayers in a later script (16th Century) to St. Etheldreda, and at the end are three prayers on behalf of Queen Mary. This book was evidently hidden at the time of the Catholic persecutions and was stript of its cover. When found it had in places suffered severely from damp. VOTES of thanks to the Chairman for presiding, to Major Freer for his interesting Paper, and to the Exhibitors ended the Meeting. 182 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

November 24«A, 1902. Bi-Monthly Meeting, held at the Society's Room, at the Library of the Old Town Hall, Leicester. CAPTAIN A. T. DRAPER in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Apologies for absence were received from the Ven. Archdeacon Stocks, the Rev. Canon Rendell, M.A., R.D., and Col. G. C. Bellairs, V.D. (Hon. Financial Secretary). VOTES of thanks were passed to the Royal Archaeological Insti­ tute for Part 235, Vol. LEX. of the Archaeological Journal; to the Shropshire Archaeological Society for Part 3, Vol. II. of the Third Series of the Transactions. The resignations of W. Hazell, Esq., James Bell, Esq., J. C. Clarke, Esq., and W. D. Grant, Esq. were received with regret. The following new Members were duly elected:—H. W. Reynolds, Esq., Barkby Firs, Leicester; J. Woodhouse Simpson, Esq., 4, Berridge Street, Leicester; G. Phillips, Esq., Fosse Bank, Oakham; E. V. Hiley, Esq. (Town Clerk of Leicester); and J. Brown, Esq., Glen Magna, Leicester. The following were exhibited:— BY MAJOR FREER (on behalf of the REV. F. H. JOSCELYNE), Rector of Blaby);—A Photograph of the Early English Piscina and Sedilia discovered in the South Wall of the Chancel of Blaby Church, now in course of Restoration. The bowl of the Piscina had been broken off to bring it flush with the wall. The Sedilia were bricked up, and the whole covered with plaster, leaving no trace of their existence. He reported that, an old Altar Slab (Stone) was found under the floor, which had apparently been used to cover a grave. Four pieces only of a Slab, mentioned in " Nichols' Leicester­ shire " as having a Figure of a Priest upon it, were found. BY CAPTAIN DRAPER :—Some Photographs of Aylestone Church and of a leaded Stone which was opened in September last. (It was resolved to reproduce the latter, together with a short account of the Paper read by Mr. Goodacre at the opening and inspection, in one of the parts of the Associated Papers.) BY MR. H. HABTOPP (on behalf of CAPTAIN BURNS-HARTOPP) :— Some Roman remains recently found in High Street and the vicinity. These include, amongst others—a large Roman Mor- tarium in a fine state of preservation; a small Upchurch Vase, ANNUAL EXCURSION. 183 and a greater part of a Samian Ware Urn embossed with figures of human beings, animals, &c.; some Roman Coins, Bronze and Bone Hair Pins, Fibulas Brooch, fragments of Glass, &c. BY Ma. J. W. WARTNABY :—A fine William and Mary £5 Piece. BY MR. JOSEPH YOUNG :—A complete set of the 13 Gold and Silver Coins of the present reign, consisting of £5, £2, £1, and 10s. Pieces in gold: the Crown, Half-crown, Florin, Shilling, Sixpence, and four (4d., 3d., 2d., Id.) Maunday Pieces in silver. BY REV. S. T. WINCKLEY :—A Nuremburg Token recently found at Houghton-on-the-Hill. The following Papers were read :— BY MAJOR FREER : "AN ACCOUNT OF THE SOCIETY'S VISIT TO THE DUKERIES IN JULY LAST." THE ANNUAL EXCURSION of the above Society took place on Monday and Tuesday, July 7th and 8th, when about 50 Members and their friends visited the Dukeries and neighbourhood. The party left Leicester under the guidance of MAJOR FREER, V.D., F.S.A., by the Great Central Railway at 11.30 a.m., arriving at Worksop at 2 o'clock (luncheon being served in the train) where conveyances were waiting to take them on to Worksop Priory (l£ miles away). WORKSOP PRIORY •was founded at the beginning of the 12th Century by William de Lovetot, as a Priory for Black Canons. The Priory Gatehouse, which was first visited, dates from the 14th Century, and is an ancient relic of the old Conventual building. It was restored by the Duke of Newcastle in 1893, at the cost of £3000. The South front is supported by four handsome buttresses with ornamental niches containing figures of St. Cuthbert (to whom the Church is dedicated), St. Augustine (the founder of the Order of Canons who dwelt there), and St. Mary. Passing down what used to be the Old Priory Court, the Priory Church was reached. The nave and aisles are the only fragments remaining. At the West end of the present building are two towers a hundred feet high, and between them a handsome Norman door. The nave and chancel are 135 feet in length. The roof is 184 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY. supported by 10 stone piers. The reredos was designed by Sir Gilbert G. Scott, and was presented by the 5th Duke of Newcastle. The South porch is of Perpendicular style, and has one of the original oak doors which is covered with ironwork of beautiful design. Having viewed this most interesting place the party then started on the road to Welbeck Abbey, a drive of about 7 miles, which was reached at 3.40. After a walk ^through the gardens and the riding school, a visit was paid to the Duke's private chapel, the Rev. H. Hammersly, the Duke's Chaplain, kindly acting as guide. This is a comparatively modern building, the site having been used as a riding school until about 20 years ago. It was partly designed by Mr. Sedding, (who died, however, before its comple­ tion,) when it was finished by Mr. Wilson. The lectern was designed by the former. Part of the walls are covered with Dutch tapestry '200 years old. The Altar front, which is of beautiful design, was bought at an Arts and Crafts Exhibition by Mr. Wilson. The roof is supported by massive marble columns, brought from Italy. After a visit to the Library adjoining, where the Duke's Librarian kindly showed us, among other treasures, the Harley Manuscripts, Letters from Dean Swift, &c., the party left for Clumber, which was reached at 5.20. By the kindness of the Rev. H. Hammersly the party was enabled to go through the private drives, the forest scenery being very fine and much admired. CLUMBER HOUSE is the seat of the Duke of Newcastle, and was built in 1772 by the 2nd Duke. By a fire which occurred in 1879 about 20 rooms in the West wing were destroyed, on the site of which the Grand Hall was built. This portion contained many treasures of priceless value, many of which were fortunately saved. The party then visited CLUMBER CHURCH, which is a very fine Gothic structure in the style of the 14th Century, with a lofty tower, and was erected in 1889 by the present Duke at the cost of £40,000. It is built of white Steetly stone with red facings from Runcorn. The interior is 107 feet long, a great portion of which is occupied by the Choir, which has a fine screen of richly carved oak; the pulpit is of carved Runcorn and Mansfield stone. The latter was the gift of the people of Worksop. In the South aisle is the beautiful Lady Chapel, with an alabaster floor and a reredos of Runcorn stone, with Limewood figures of the Madonna, the Infant Christ and Angels. The stained glass

GALLERY. GALLERY.

PICTURE PICTURE

THE THE

Squire.

S. S.

Councillor Councillor

by by

photographs photographs

From From

HALL. HALL.

HARDWICK HARDWICK

face {To {To ANNUAL EXCUBSION. 185 windows are by Kemp. The chancel is paved with black and white marble, and the altar and reredos are of alabaster. The party then left for Edwinstowe, by way of Thoresby Park, a fine view of the Hall, the residence of Earl Manvers, being obtained on the way. On arrival at Edwinstowe the party were met by the Rev. H F. Hayman, who kindly conducted them round the Church. ST. MAEY'S CHURCH, EDWINSTOWE, is a stone building, a small portion of which is said to be Norman. The Parish Registers date from 1630. Tuesday, July 8th.—After being well entertained at the Dukeries Hotel, a start was made the next morning for Clipstone, passing the ruins of King John's Palace on the way. This was the fa­ vourite residence of King John, and much used by him for hunting purposes, being situated at that time in the heart of the Forest of Sherwood. Passing the famous Parliament Oak where King Edward I. held his first Parliament in 1290, the party drove on to Hardwick Hall (about 12 miles away). HAEDWICK HALL is one of the magnificent seats of the Duke of Devonshire, and was erected by the famous "Bess of Hardwick" in 1587. This wonderful woman, the daughter of John Hardwick, Esq., was born in the Old Hall, now in ruins, in 1521, and was four times married. Her first husband was Robert Barley, her second Sir William Cavendish (from which union came the Dukes of New­ castle), her third husband was Sir William St. Loo, her fourth being the great (who was for some time the custodian of Mary, Queen of Scots), from which latter marriage are descended the Dukes of Devonshire. By each of her marriages she advanced in position and wealth, and died at the age of 87, having survived her last husband 17 years, being possessed at her death of a yearly income of £60,000, a sum equal at the present day to about £200,000. She was a great builder of mansions, and in addition to Welbeck, and Worksop Manor, she built Chats- worth House, Oldcotes Hall, and Hardwick Hall. James Neale, Esq., F.S.A., gave an account of Hardwick Hall. This Hall is a fine example of an Elizabethan building, having a frontage of 390 feet, with six square towers surmounted by openwork battlements in which the initials " E.S." (Elizabeth Shrewsbury) are carved beneath a coronet. The multitude of windows is one of the most peculiar features of this building. 186 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

Passing into the entrance ball there is a quaint old gallery hung with tapestry. It contains a statue of Mary, Queen of Scots, and an ancient chair in which the Earl of Devonshire sat at Whittington (a few miles away) planning the Revolution in 1688, when James II. was forced to abdicate. Facing the North staircase is a little Chapel, hung with tapestry representing incidents in the life of St. Paul. Next are the dining room, drawing room, and dressing rooms, containing some fine portraits and tapestry. In the dining room is a chimney-piece—over which are the words " The conclusion of all thinges is to feare God and keepe his commandments," in fine parquet work—bearing the initials of the famous " Bess " and the date 1597. Among the pictures noticed were three Holbeins (Edward VI., Henry VIII. and Henry VII.), Lord Clare, Lady Harriet Caven­ dish, the Duke of Bedford, the Marquess of Normanby, and Horatio, Lord Walpole; also a fine picture of the Countess Spencer, by Gainsborough. STATE KOOM. This room is one of the chief features of Hardwick. It is 70 feet long and 33 feet wide, the walls being hung with rich tapestry representing some events of the Odyssey, above which is some very fine parquet work. The furniture is Jacobean, of the 17th Century. The State Bed, with the crimson Canopy, attracted much attention. THE LIBRARY. In this room is a magnificent alabaster panel over the mantle- piece, representing " Appollo and the Nine Muses." It was presented to " Bess of Hardwick" by Queen Elizabeth. Among other pictures are two by Sir Peter Lely : " Katherine, Countess of Dysart and the Countess of Roscommon ; " " The Countess of Shrewsbury" (on horseback); and " Jeffrey Hudson," by Vandyck; also one of " Dorothy Spencer." Passing on through the Green Room, the walls of which also are hung with silk tapestry, is a room known as " Mary, Queen of Scots' Room." Over the Doorway are the initials " M.R.," and round the walls run the inscription, " Marie Stewart, par le grace " de Dieu Royne de Scosse, Douariere de France. (Mary Stuart, " by the Grace of God, Queen of Scotland, Dowager of France)." Crest: a Lion. Motto: "In my defens." In this apartment also are various relics of the Queen, among which is a Quilt with black velvet hangings, and embroidered with flowers of coloured silk, worked by the Queen and her attendants. MUSES.' MUSES.' THE THE Esq. AND AND Peach, Peach, H. H. "APOLLO "APOLLO H. H. by by HALL, HALL, photo photo a a From From OVERMANTEL—HARDWICK OVERMANTEL—HARDWICK iSt>.) page page face face IT,< IT,< ANNUAL EXCURSION. 187

THE PICTURE GALLERY. This Gallery extends along the whole length of the building. Most of the pictures are portraits, chiefly of members of the family, and a number of Sovereigns of England. Among others that were noticed were :— Queen Elizabeth. Mary, Queen of Scots (when young). Henry VIII. Arabella Stuart. Bess of Hardwick. Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire. Lady Jane Grey. Lord Burleigh (Lord Treasurer). 1st Earl of Salisbury. Sir Thomas More. William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire. William III. George Saville, 1st Marquess of Halifax. The Duke of Brunswick. Algernon, Earl of Northumberland. The Family of Charles I. Queen Anne. Edward Kussell, 5th Earl of Bedford. Thomas Hobbs. John, 1st Duke of Rutland. Lady Elizabeth Percy. Lady Grace Talbot. Thomas Cavendish. The two chimney-pieces in black marble and alabaster, repre­ senting "Justice" and "Pity" were much admired.

STATE BEDBOOM. In this room are some fine bed-hangings, worked by the Countess of Devonshire in 1629, and also a tine carved marble mantlepiece, representing " The Marriage of Tobias." The party then visited the gardens and the ruins of the Old Hall; and after lunching at the " Hardwick " Inn, left at 1.15 for Bolsover, which was reached at 2.45. Here they were met by the Rev. A. V. Colston, who kindly conducted them round the Church and Castle. BOLSOVER CHURCH (ST MARY'S). This Church was partly destroyed by fire in 1897. It was originally of the Norman period. The Cavendish Chapel was Q VOL. IX. 188 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY. not injured. It contains a fine Monument to the memory of Sir Charles Cavendish and Catherine, his wife, and dates from 1617. There is also another monument to the memory of Henry Caven­ dish, Duke of Newcastle, who died in 1691. A visit was then made to the Castle. BOLSOVER CASTLE was built in the llth Century by William Peveril (a natural son of the Conqueror). It now belongs to the Duke of Portland, and is a good example of a Norman Fortress. It is situated on a high ridge of Limestone rock surrounded by an embankment. The buildings are in two detached portions. A large portion of the Castle has now fallen into a state of ruin. After visiting the Star Chamber (the walls of which are lined with portraits of the 12 Caesars, and which has a stellated ceiling of blue and gold) the party visited the underground passages and dungeons, also the grounds, after which they left for Heath Station en route for Leicester, which was reached at 6.20., thus finishing a very enjoyable Excursion.

BY MAJOR FREER (for the Eev. DR. BARBER, F.S.A.: "AN ACCOUNT OF EXCAVATIONS MADE IN THE PARISH OF COPT OAK, TO CERTAIN 'GIANTS' GRAVES,' SUPPOSED TO BE THE SITE OF AN EARLY BRITISH SETTLEMENT."

VOTES of thanks were given to the Authors of the Papers, to the Exhibitors, and to the Chairman for presiding. ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH, AYLESTONE. 189

ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH, AYLESTONE.

A PAPER read before the Leicestershire Architectural and Archaeological Society, by R. GOODACRE, ESQ.

THE Church dedicated to St. Andrew has a tower and spire rising to a height of about 108 feet. The tower is of very fine proportions, and is 24 feet square at the base, and 53 feet high, the buttresses giving a good solid looking outline to the lower stages. The tower is finished with a plain battlement, and with the graceful outline of the spire forms a very complete and well proportioned whole. The tower is of the later Early English style, and the spire of Transitional or Early Decorated character. There was originally a vestry or priest's room on the north side of the 'tower, as is shewn by the drip moulding on the west end of the north aisle, and the archway in the north wall of tower evidently led into it, probably enclosed by a low screen. The north-east pier of the tower shewed signs of settlement, and there were also cracks in the arch leading into the nave. On examination, the foundations were found to be solid and firm ; and by carefully propping the walls and fixing a strong centre in the arch, the shattered stones were removed and the whole made sound and good. At the_.same time the whitewash was removed from the walls, and the stonework was well brushed down and the joints pointed. It was curious to observe that a portion of the stones removed seemed to have been partly calcined, as though damaged by fire. The Church has a nave of three bays, north and south aisles, and a south porch. The Church is very short compared with its width, the length being about 40 feet, whereas the width is 55 feet. The south aisle appears to have been built at a later date than the nave, probably about 1450, as the arcade and piers shew. The west wall of the aisle is splayed off and forms a good feature, and points to the probability that the western wall of the aisle was not built sufficiently far out to allow for the respond of the arcade; and the difficulty was met by the wall being bevelled off. This aisle seems to have been used as a Chapel in former times, as evidenced by the stone screens and the piscina in the south wall, and was probably built by the Lords of the Manor of Aylestone, the Vernon family. 190 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

The Arms of the Manners' family—a peacock—is fixed to the east wall in this aisle. The date of the nave and north aisle seems to he of the Early Decorated period ; the arcade on the south side of the nave Early Perpendicular; the clerestory and roof are also Perpendicular. The drip mouldings over the original high pitched roof of the nave are clearly seen. There are some especially good carved terminations to the labels of the arcade arches, and also some good corbels. There is an interesting piece of carved work over the window next to the porch on the south side. The font, before the restoration, stood in the north aisle; but when the Church was restored it was placed at the west end of the south aisle. It is an interesting piece of work: the bowl, shafts and capitals, seem to be of early date, the finish of the capitals into the bowl being extremely effective. There are many relics that have been carefully preserved by the present Rector, and are well worthy of attention. The Church was generally restored internally in 1894; the stonework cleaned and pointed; a wood block floor laid over the whole area; pitch-pine seats put in ; the old pulpit refixed; a prayer desk was made out of some of the old oak; arid it is interesting to see carved on the sides of this desk the Arms of the Vernon family : a small portion of the seating is also made out of the old oak. The chancel is very large and of fine proportions: it measures 58 feet in length internally, and 24 feet wide: it is 22 feet high to the wall plate, and 44 feet to the ridge. There was a very curious arrangement of brick mullions and tracery in the east window; this is shewn on the drawings made of the Church before the restoration took place. The chancel has seven windows in the side walls, and a large east window; the tracery of the windows on the south side was of very good outline, and has been carefully worked to. The chancel was restored in 1894, when a new roof was put on. The old roof (the timbers of which were much decayed) was hidden by a plain circular ceiling, following roughly the lines of the timbers. The new roof is made as far as possible a copy of the old. It is of pitch-pine, left without stain or varnish, covered with boarding, and slated with the old slates as far as they were sound: a new chimney was built on the north side: the floor laid with wood blocks, new steps to the chancel and Communion rails, also to the Holy Table. ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH, LEICESTER. 191

The sedilia and piscina were simply brushed down : they are of very good character. New tracery was put into the east window, and the window glazed with cathedral sheet glass: new ironwork and ventilation was provided. The side windows were also restored and glassed in same manner; and as far as possible the old glass was re-used. VESTRY. A new roof wa,s put over the vestry, and a wood block floor laid. At a later time new windows were inserted.

NAVE AND AISLES. In 1902, the six windows in north and south aisles were restored, and new glass and ironwork fixed. The windows of the clerestory were also restored and re-glazed. A few pieces of antique glass were inserted in the windows of the aisles.

The cost of the restoration has been about £2,500.

SUPPLEMENTARY REMARKS ON AYLESTONE CHURCH AND EXTRACTS FROM THE CONSTABLE'S ACCOUNTS, A.D. 1671 TO 1710. BT THE REV. CANON GEDGE, M.A., RECTOR.

IT seems probable that the Church, which is dedicated to St. Andrew, consisted originally of a nave having a high-pitched roof, tower, and a narrow lean-to north aisle, with a wing on the north side of Lthe tower opening into it by an arch. There are three arches on the North side springing from two Early English pillars. There may have been a small chancel. The present chancel with its lofty arch dates from the middle of the 14th Century. It had originally an open oak roof, which unfortunately rotted and had to be taken down in 1894. At the beginning of the 15th Century the walls of the nave were raised, clerestory windows were inserted, and the roof was flattened. Probably at the same time the north aisle was widened, and covered with its present "Per­ pendicular " roof. Perhaps, also, it was at about this time that the south aisle was built, two pillars 16 feet higher than those on the north side being inserted. This south aisle was apparently 192 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY. built as a Chapel, with its own altar, for the Lord of the Manor, at that time a Vernon. It was separated from the nave by screens, as shown by the grooves in the pillars, and also at its west end where the lower parts of the screens still remain. The spire dates from the latter part of the 14th Century. The bowl of the font is Early English, but its pedestal is modern. There is an alms-box bearing the words " Remember the pore," and the date 1613. In the churchyard is the boss belonging to the cross in which the upper part of it was set. In 1793 the east window and two windows in the north aisle were re-filled with mullions com­ posed of shaped bricks covered with cement, and tracery in the former of a very nondescript pattern. These were all removed, and the present beautiful stonework inserted in 1898 and 1902. During the Restoration several articles were found which, with other things of interest connected with the Church, are kept in the vestry. Among them are the following :— A "miserere" Dagger, found in the Vernon Chapel, having probably been buried with some member of the family. A Tile bearing the device of a horse-shoe with a hammer and mallet, probably of the time of Edward HI. Portions of a set of four Tiles having figures of deer, fishes, and birds, Four Nuremburg Tokens, found in graves. Two pieces of old Painted Glass, one having the likeness of an imp or fiend; taken from one of the windows in the north aisle. Two pieces of Plain Glass, also from the north aisle, on which the glazier and bricklayer who put in the windows have written their names, with the date March 2nd, 1793. A moulded Brick from the former east window. Four painted Panels, possibly belonging to the rood-screen, which were found in the reading-pew covered with green baize. Two Sermons on Confirmation, and one on The Commination, by the Rev. Benjamin Camfield, Rector from 1672 to 1693. A copper plate in memory of Mr. Camfield was found loose behind the pulpit in 1894, and is now placed on the north wall of the Sanctuary. Above it is a brass in memory of the Rev. William Heathcote, Rector from 1566—1594. The list of Rectors goes back to 1220. The Church possesses a copy of the " Vinegar " Bible, which was placed here in the year of its publication, 1717, and is in very good condition. The Registers go back to 1561. The first ST. ANDREW S CHURCH, AYLESTOME. 193 volume has entries of a great many " briefs " from 1659 to 1700, including one for St. Paul's Cathedral. There is also a book of the Constables' Accounts from 1671 to 1710, which contains many very interesting entries, such as the following:— s. d. 1671-2. Paid for a fine yt was imposed upon the Countie 0 10 ffor expences of the Townsmen att the hireinge of the pease-keeper ...... 20 To the two souldiers charged upon the Towne for foure dayes pay and master muster and chirurgion ...... 18 0 To the prisoners at Leicester for their box at Christmas ...... 10 1672-3. To watchmen to drink at the wake time ... 0 8 1673-4. ffor scouringe and cleaninge the Town Musquett 0 6 ffor my expenses in collecting and paying in the Hearth money three times ...... 0 6 [This tax, also called the " Chimney Money," was imposed in 1662, and was exceedingly unpopular. It was repealed by request of William III- in 1689.] 1676—7. To ffowre seamen taken by ye ffrench in a Dutch shipp coming passinger ...... 06 To ffowre yt came out of slavery yt landed at King's Lyne and goinge to Hollowell in Flint­ shire ...... 0 8 To a company of seamen taken by ye Dutch in a ffrench shipp going to Lincolnshire with a pass...... 0 10 1678-9. Payd for 2 Scabbords and ffor dressing ye Towne Swords ...... 56 1679-80. Spent in watching of a dumbe boy yt was taken up in ye night ...... 06 1680-1. Spent on ye Bayly of ye hundred when he gathered his hadland . . .. • ... 42 Spent on ye cheife Constable when he came to take ye Subscriptions to ye address ... 1 0 [S« Green's History, p. 642.] 1681-2. Spent on Henry Bloxom & Robert Wesson when they were sett in ye stocks for not watching 0 6 194 LEICESTERSHIEE AECHITECTUEAL SOCIETY.

B. d. To Mr. Woodcock ye Crowner for his ffee in setting upon John Kidgway after he was drowned ...... 60 ffor expenses of ye Jury and ye neighbors and given to ye watchers ...... 30 ffor Candles ...... 0 2 ffor half a hundred of Coales ...... 06 To 2 men yt went to Thornby for ye Crowner ... 1 0 ffor charges in going to Litterworth before ye Justices about a return of such persons names as absented themselves from Church with a bill my dinner expenses and horse hire ... 4 2 ffor Expenses and horse hire & bill in going before ye Justices at Litterworth about a re- turne of ye persons names not coming to Church ye second time ...... 34 ffor a bill & to ye doore keeper & expenses in being excused from going to Litterworth abt ye returne of persons not coming to Church ye third time ...... 1 6 1682-3. To a gentleman and his wife and five children haveing lost their goods and ship coming out of Ireland lodged heare Satterday night Sun­ day and Sunday night ...... 26 1683-4. To John Cufflin for killing of three Foxes ... 10 1684-5. Paid to Will Johnson for ye wachmen at ye death of King Charles ye second ...... 110 To ye Ringers when King James was proclaimed 2 6 Geven to eight persons whom I whiped and sent away with passes till ye 2 of Feb ...... 14 For 4 pound and a halfe of iron work for ye Stokes at 3d ye pound ...... 12 To Will Bunny for a wiping post and mending ye Stokes ...... 34 Geven to fife persons whom I wiped and sent away with passes untill ye first of May ... 0 10

1688—9. Given to ye Ringrs at ye Coronacon ... 2 0 [«'.«., of William III. and Mary, April nth, 1689.] ST. ANDREW'S CHUEOH, AYLESTONE. 195

s. d. 1690—1. Paid to Tho. Mugg (for beare wch he bad) \vben a person was sett in ye stocks for swearing ... 1 0 To severall persons for watching ye person yt was sett in ye stocks for swearing ...... 1 0 1691—2. Spent upon the Pressmaster yt came to press three teames to goe to Harburrough ... 1 Q Spent at Leicester when ye teams was loading ye carriages ...... 06 To ye Ringers for ye newes of the victory at sea 1 0 [This was the Battle of La Hogue, May igth, 1692.] 1695-6. To the Ringrs when his Majty Passed by Aile- ston upon his Progress ...... 10 [William III. was making a Progress through the country, and passed by Aylestone on his way from Bradgate to Warwick. See Macaulay, Vol. IV., Chap. 21.] ffor my Expences & Horse Hire when I went to Litterworth with Jno Grantt & Jno ffletcher to Assess ye Window Tax ...... 86 [In order -to make good the deficiences in the currency, a Tax was levied on windows, cottages being exempt. It was repealed in 1851.] ffor my charges & Expences of the Surveyors of the Highwayes when I went to Gilmoreton with ym to sign ye Assosciacon ...... 79 [This was for the defence of William III. Macaulay, iv., ch. 21,] 1697-8. To the Ringers Upon ye 5th of Nov & ye Day of thanksgiveing ...... 20 [This was the Day of Thanksgiving for the Peace of Ryswick, Dec. *, 1697. Macaulay, iv., ch. 22.] 1699—1700. Given for swearing ye pinner ...... 10 [i.e., the pindar, who had charge of the pinfold.] 1701-2. Given to ye Ringrs on ye Coronacon ... 1 0 [Queen Anne was crowned on Thursday, April 23, 1702.] Given to ye Ringrs upon ye news of Vigo being taken & good success at sea 1702 ...... 10 [The date of the capture by Sir George Rooke, was Oct. 12, 1702.] 1704-5. Pd the goale & Quartridge at Thomas a Beckett 5 8 [Quartridge, i.e., quarterage ; a residence tax paid quarterly. Thomas a Beckett, i.e., the July Sessions, so called because in the old Calendar July 7 was called " The Translation of Beckett; " »'.«., of his remains.] 196 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

8. d. 1704-5. Given to ye Ringers ye 19th of Jully upon the newes of the Duke of Marlbourroughs good success in Flanders ...... 10 [i.e.. in the campaign that preceded the Battle of Blenheim.] To the Ringers upon ye Day of Thanksgiving... 1 0 [Sept. 7, 1704.]

1706-7. Spent of ye Watchmen on holy Thursday ... 04 [Probably in connection with beating the bounds.] 1707-8. Given to the Ringers on the Day of Thanks­ giving ...... 10 [Perhaps for the Battle of Oudenarde, won by Marlborough, on July n, 1708.] Given to Tho Pinch & Robert Cooke for searching the Alehouses & goeing to Leicester with a hue & cry ...... 04 1709-10. To the Ringers on a Day of Thanksgiveing ... 10 [Probably for the Battle of Malplaquet, won by Marlborough, on Sept. n, 1709.] To Job Clarke for killing of three Hedgehoggs 1 0 [There are many entries of this kind, and also of killing foxes.] REMAINS OF

From a Photo by H. Plckerlng.

( To face page i ABBEY OF ST. MARY DE PRATI8, LEICESTER. 197

THE ABBEY OF ST. MARY DE PBATIS, LEICESTER. BY C. H. COMPTON, ESQ. Read at the Leicester Congress of the British Archaeological Association, and published with the sanction of the Association, by whom all rights of publication are reserved. The Photographic Illustrations are taken expressly for this Publication by MR. H. PICKERING, of Highcross Street, Leicester, by whom all rights are reserved.11 As a preliminary to the investigation of the history of this important monastic institution, it will he well to ascertain who was its founder. That he was one Robert de Beaumont, who lived some time between the invasion of William, Duke of Normandy, until after the accession of Henry II. is clear enough; but there were, during that period, several persons of that name whom our early chroniclers have somewhat mixed up. With the aid of the valuable Paper on the " Genealogy and Armorial Ensigns of the Anglo-Norman Earls of Leicester," read by the late Mr. Planche ("Rouge Croix"), at our former Congress in this town in 1862,* and the authorities he has referred to, we may venture on the authenticity of the following account:— In the year A.D. 1107, according to Ordericus Vitalis, the earldom of Leicester, which had remained in the hands of the sovereign from the death of Edwin in 1071, was bestowed by King Henry I. on his chief councillor and firm adherent, Robert de Beaumont (otherwise Belmont and Bellomont), Comte de Meulan, son of Roger de Beaumont, Seigneur de Pontauderner, by Adelina, daughter of Waleran de Meudan; her brother Hugh having assumed the monastic habit, and died in the odour of sanctity without issue. Robert de Beaumont obtained from Henry, King of France, for a sum of money, the Castle of Meulan, and succeeded his uncle in the Comte. Accompanying his father Roger, "the old Sire de Beaumont," in the invading army of Duke William,t he distinguished himself by his valour

* Published in Vol. II. of Collect. Archoeologica, Part I., p. 30. 1901. f In the Battle Abbey Roll, so ably edited by the late Duchess of Cleveland, she says, speaking of Roger Beaumont, that he furnished sixty vessels to the Conqueror's fleet, and Wace places him on the Roll of the Norman Chiefs at Hastings ; but both William de Pourton and Odericus state that he remained in Normandy, as President of the Council appointed by the Duke to assist the Duchess in the government, sending his young son Robert, to win his spurs at Senlac (Vol I., p. 145). And the Dictionary of National Biography, under the head of "Robert de Beaumont," follows the Duchess's account, and states that Roger de Beaumont remained in Normandy, and sent his sons with William; and of these, Robert fought at Senlac, though confused with his father by Wace. a Half-Plate Prints may be obtained at Mr. Pickering's, at i/- per copy. 198 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY. at the Battle of Hastings; for which eminent service he had conferred upon him (inter al.J the greater part of sixteen lord­ ships in Leicestershire, which his father, Roger de Beaumont, had previously possessed. This Robert, and Comte de Meulan, married* " the beautiful Isabel, niece of the King of France, by whom he had twin sons, Waleran and Robert, who were born in 1104, and another son, called Hugh the Poor, with five daughters." This lady, who was daughter of Hugh the Great, Comte de Vermandois, son of Henry I., King of France, and brother of Philip, King of France, is often called Elizabeth; and Mr. Nichols, in his History of Leicester,^ says, perhaps, Isabella might be the first wife, Mr. Planche says : " Mr. Nichols does not seem to be aware that the names Isabella and Elizabeth are identical. We learn from Ordericus that Henry I. had kindly brought up, as if they were his own children, Waleran and Robert, the twin sons of Robert, Comte de Meulan, from the time of their father's death; for the King loved him much, because, in the beginning of his reign, he had greatly aided and encouraged him. These two young men, on arriving at the proper age, received knighthood at the King's hands; and Robert, who was known as Robert le Bossu, received the earldom of Leicester in England. He took an active part in advancing Stephen's claim to the Crown, and is spoken of as famous for wisdom, piety, and learning. King Stephen, in A.D. 1139, made him Earl of Hereford, in addition to the earldom of Leicester; but this second title did not survive to his heirs. He married Amicia, the great-grand­ daughter of William Fitz-Osborne, the first Earl of Hereford after the Conquest. \ On the accession to the throne of England of Henry H., or not long afterwards, Robert le Bossu was appointed by that King, his High Justiciary and President of the Court of Exchequer. The former of these offices was the highest in the realm, and must not be confounded with that of Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench. The holder of this office was, in fact, the alter ego of the King when he was absent from the kingdom. The office is the same as is mentioned in the Seventh "Constitutional" of Clarendon, providing that abbots and others who held of the King should not be put under excommunication or interdict, unless the King should have been previously resorted to for redress, or his Justice, if the King were out of the realm.§

* Ordericus Vitalis, Bk. XL, c. 2. f Vol. I., p. 23 (».). \ Nichols's History of Leicester, Vol. I., p. 29. § Henry III.'s attempt to render this office subservient to the arbitrary and corrupt practices of the Crown was one of the grievances of the Barons, who ABBEY OP ST. MAEY DE PRATIS, LEICESTER. 199

In the capacity of Justiciary, Robert le Bossu was present in 1162, at the final arrangements between the Church of Lincoln and the Monastery of St. Albans. And again, in 1165, when Reginald, Archbishop of Cologne, came to Westminster for the marriage of the Princess Matilda to Henry, Duke of Saxony, and the King and his Council were ready to receive him, the Earl of Leicester refused to accept his kiss of salutation, because the Archbishop stood excommunicated by Pope Alexander, whom England had recognised as lawful Pope.* He appears to have held this office until his death. Hovenden, in recording the events of the year 1168, says : "In the same year died Robert, Earl of Leicester, Justiciary of England."t This Robert le Bossu, Earl of Leicester and Hereford, Chief Justiciary of the Realm and President of the Court of Exchequer, was the founder of St. Mary de Pratis Abbey, at Leicester. It came into being in the following manner : When Robert, Count de Mellent, the father of Robert Bossu, came to England, and Henry I. bestowed upon him the earldom of Leicester, he rebuilt the Church of St. Marie infra et juxta Castellum, which had been destroyed in the time of the Conqueror, and placed in it twelve secular canons and a dean, to whom he gave all the churches in Leicester except St. Margaret's, which was a prebend of Lincoln, and endowed them with other lands and possessions. Robert, Earl of Leicester, the father, died A.D. 1118, and Robert Bossu succeeded to the earldom of Leicester, with its revenues. In the year of grace 1143 he, with the consent of Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln, founded the Monastery of the Blessed Mary de Pratis of Leicester, and gave to them the church of St. Mary infra Castellum, and all the church's lands and possessions of the canons secular, with many others which he transferred to regular canons. And he in the same monastery, with the consent of Amicia, his wife, was made a canon regular; and so remained, as Knighton tells us, for fifteen years, and died in the Abbey, and was buried on the south side of the choir of the Abbey Church, Anno Gratiae 1167, though some place his death in 1168 and others in 1169. insisted that the appointment should be by the King with the assent of the Common Council of the realm. Henry yielded, and from that time nothing more was heard of a High Justiciar of England (Nichols, vid. sup., Vol. I., p. 32). Subsequently, when the King left England temporarily, he appointed a sub­ stitute under the title of Custos Regni or Custos Anglise, Ex. gr. 18 Richard II. Edmund, Duke of York, was Custos Regni when the King went to Ireland; and in 7 Henry V., the patent appointing the Earl of Ormond Viceroy of Ireland for two years is tested by Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, Custos Angliae (see Prynne's Animadversions for other instances: 14 Edward III. and 21 Edward III.). • Matth. Paris, Hist. Maj., Vol. II., p. 219, Rolls Ed. (Luard), t Vol. I., p. 212, Giles Transl. 200 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

He founded several other monasteries, among which was that of Eaton, into which Amicia, his wife, with the assent of her husband, entered as a nun for the residue of her life. As Knighton says in his Chronicle,* " unde ipse factus est canonicus regularis, et ilia sanctimonialis." From these events was known as Nuneaton. The Countess Amicia died on Septem­ ber 1st (St. Giles's Day)—the exact year is not known—and was there buried. Sir William Dugdale suggests a doubt as to the Earl having entered the monastery—Mr. Nichols says "very properly." " We have shown," he says, " that he was busily engaged in secular employments ; and the fact is that, after having been the founder of that Abbey, his name was of course enrolled in that frater­ nity, as was the custom of the times, that he might have the more immediate benefit of all the devout suffrages, fastings and alms, of the members of that religious society." It is also observable that, as he was in the exercise of his active functions as High Justiciar and President of the Court of Exchequer in the years 1162-1165, and died at the latest in the year 1169, there would have been no time for him to have completed fifteen years of retirement in the cloister. To do so, he must have entered in the year 1154, the first of Henry II.'s reign, and thus we should have to ignore the whole of his official position, and the events of 1162-1165. In the Battle Abbey Roll, the Duchess of Cleveland, speaking of Robert Bossu having founded the Abbey of Leicester, says: " He himself wore the habit of a Canon Regular of Leicester Abbey for fifteen years before his death in 1167; though, as he continued in secular employments and was Justiciary at the same time, the strict observance of the rule of the cloister must in his case have been dispensed with.t This seems a fair way of harmonising the conflicting statements on this question. She describes him as a powerful and crafty chief, of whom it may be affirmed that his policy was as crooked as his back. This is the only (and not a very kindly) allusion I have met with to his infirmity, which does not seem to have interfered with his physical or mental vigour. Dr. Staveley, whose " History of Leicester Abbey" Mr. Nichols has inserted verbatim as a preface to his history of the Abbey, gives as a motive for the foundation of the Abbey: that the Earl, having been very stubborn and undutiful to his prince, and a great stickler in some dangerous commotions,

No. XVII., Ex. Chron. MS. Hen. Knighton in Bibl. Cotton. Lib. II., Cap. .:. f Vol. I., p. 148. ABBEY OP ST. MARY DE PBATIS, LEICESTER. 201 when growing in years, meditated the expiation of such crimes, particularly the injuries he had brought upon Leicester, by founding and endowing of this and some other religious houses. Nichols describes Robert le Bossu as famous for wisdom, piety, and learning, and I cannot lind anything in opposition to this character. It may be that Dr. Staveley is confusing Robert Bossu with his son Robert Blanchmains, who succeeded his father in the earldom of Leicester, but not in that of Hereford, and who espoused the cause of Henry II.'s son against his father, and was several times taken prisoner, with his wife Petronilla, during the wars which were waged between the father and the son. In the edition of Camden's Britannia, by Gough,* it is said that, " on the transfer of the revenues of St. Mary de Castro to St. Mary de Pratis, Robert Bossu, that he might not totally seem to destroy his father's foundation, with the consent of Richard, the first Abbot,t placed eight canons in the church of St. Mary de Castro, whereof one was dean, and endowed these churches with the oblations, etc. These continued till the general dissolution, and there still remained in the vestry a chest called an ' Ark,' in which there is a convenience for hanging their several vestments." The Abbey being thus founded and endowed, soon obtained a large accession of lands and possessions. The charters of foundation and endowment are set forth verbatim in Dugdale's Monasticon. They are all, with one exception, without dates, and are taken from the Cottonian and Bodleian MSS. The earliest of these, after the charter of foundation, is one of King Stephen,! by which he granted to Robert, Earl of Leicester, to found a church of St. Mary, etc., and there to constitute an Abbey, etc. And he granted to God and the Blessed Mary, and Richard, Abbot, and the regular canons, all gifts which Robert, Earl of Leicester, gave, granted, acquired, or should acquire, or which should be given to them in frankalmoign. Amicia, the Countess of Leicester, gave four libratas of land in Everlas. In 1148 the Abbot and Convent obtained certain material privileges from Pope Eugenius III., which were confirmed by succeeding Pontiffs.§

* Vol. I., p. 148. t Vol. II., pp. 202-3 [1789]. I Ex Registro Abbatia in Bibl. Boil. to. 22. § Dugd., Monast. 202 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

After the death of Robert Bossu, his son Robert Blanchmains confirmed to the Abbey all that his father had given in the original charter of foundation, and in addition a stag every year on the day of the Assumption of the Blessed Mary, and another stag on the Nativity of our Lord; and license to fish in his great fish-pond at Groby four days in the year, soil.: the Vigil of the festivals of the Purification, the Annunciation, and Nativity; and Henry II. confirmed the previous grants by his charter, which is shewn by an Inspeximus of 10 Edward III.* This charter was granted to the canons regular and the church of St. Mary de Pratis, Leircestriae. There is also a charter of confirmation by Robert, son of Petronilla (wife of Robert Blanchmains) of all gifts of his grand­ father and father ;t and another by the Countess Petronilla, con­ firming all gifts which Robert, the Earl, her son, gave to the Abbey. Nichols saysj that this lady built a fair church to the Abbey, which was dedicated in the year 1279, and that she was buried in the choir thereof before the high altar; but in a note he says Leland notices no more than one tomb in Leicester Abbey, and seems to have been uncertain whether"it were this lady's or the tomb of the founder; he says, "Other [either] Robert Bossu, Earl of Leicester, or Petronilla, a Countess -of Leicester, was buried in a ' tombe ex marmore chalchedonico ' in the wall of the south of the high altar of St. Marie Abbey of Leycester."§ Nichols says: " It is memorable also of this lady that, in a devotional fit, she made a long rope or plait of her own hair, to be used with a pulley to draw up the great lamp in the choir, which was after­ wards kept there for a long time as a precious relic." The dubious manner in which Leland speaks of this lady's tomb, and also the doubt thrown on the date of her death, may be prudently left as they stand. Petronilla's husband, Robert de Blanchmains, died 1190; and if she built the Abbey Church, which was dedicated in A.D. 1279, and was buried there, she must have sufficiently exceeded the then average rate of mortality to have deserved a special notice from contemporary chroniclers. Henry II. granted and confirmed whatever Robert, Earl of Leicester, gave them, and whatever had been given or should be given ; and in the sixth year of his reign King John gave the Abbey a charter of confirmation, " Dat per mauum I de Well apud Wigorn XXIIII die Marcii anno, etc., VI."

* Cart. 10 Edward III., m. 2 n. i per Inspex. Vid. Etiam. Cart. 2 Edward III. «. 10. t Ex. Bail. \ History of Leicestershire, Vol. I., Part 2, p. 254. § Lei., Itin. LEICESTER ABBEY—THE ENTRANCE, (with Modern Arch).

From a Photo by H. Pickering. ( To face page zoz.) ABBEY OF ST. MAKY DE PEATIS, LEICESTER. 203

This Abbey, Laving been founded by a subject, was not held of the King in capite per bavoniam, and consequently the Abbot was not legally capable to be summoned to Parliament. Notwith­ standing this, there are several instances among the records of the Abbots being summoned by writ, but on petition they were discharged, and eventually, in 26 Edward III., the King, on the petition and agency of William le Chowne, an eminent Abbot of the Abbey, granted that the Abbot and his successors should for ever after be eased and discharged, of their attendance in Parlia­ ment ; for which, says Staveley, the said William Chowne is celebrated as a great benefactor to his house; and after he had most commendably governed it thirty-three years, he died XI. Kal. Feb. 1377. Other Abbots of note have been of this house, amongst whom Gilbert Folliott is very memorable; and in this (says Staveley) Bale has discovered an error of Matthew of Westminster, who says he was Abbot of Gloucester.* Henry de Knighton, so-called because born at Knighton, a neighbouring village, was a canon in this house in the reigns of Edward ILL, Eichard II., and Henry IV.: Mr. Burton mistaking when he said he was Abbot there.t His Chronicles, covering the period from the earliest Saxon kings to the deposition of Richard II., now form part of the Cottonian Collection of MSS. at the British Museum. Several kings have been here entertained and lodged in their journeys to and from the North; particularly, a great entertain­ ment and lodging was once given to King Eichard II. and his Queen, with their retinue, t It is also well known that in this Abbey died Cardinal Wolsey, on his way to the Tower after his fall, and that he was there buried; in the words which Shakes­ peare used in pronouncing his requiescat in pace, "then and not till then, he felt himself and found the blessedness of being little." It may be curious, says Dugdale,J to notice that in one of the MSS. in the British Museum, formerly Dr. Chas. Burney's No. 357, are "Versus Sygerii Lucani in sanctorum laudem monachorum," at the end of which it is said "Eobert Comes Leicestriae solebat bos versus memoritur recitare." The verses and the remarks are in a hand certainly not later than the twelfth or thirteenth century.

» Nichols' Leicester, Vol. I., p. 225. t Id., 256. } Monastican. B VOL. IX. 204 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

The first Abbot was Richard, of whom mention has been made before, and who was elected in 1144. John Bourchier occurs in 1534 on August llth, in which year he, with certain members of his convent, subscribed to the King's supremacy. He surrendered his office in 1539. Nichols says he was one of the latest surviving Abbots, having received a general pardon from the King as late as the month of August, 1584.* £• s. d. The revenues at the Dissolution were valued at 1062 o 4f Deduction ...... no 5 n

5f The site of the Abbey was granted in the 4 Edward VI. to William, Marquis of Northampton ; t it now belongs to the Earl of Dysart, and is let by him to a tenant, who has a modern residence within the walls near the entrance, and cultivates the ground as a fruit and flower garden. Parts of the old buildings are retained in the modern outbuildings. The outer wall of the Abbey remains in good preservation, owing to its repair from time to time which, though it will not deceive the expert's eye, may yet in some parts puzzle the less experienced observer. The court­ yard through which the Abbey is entered remains surrounded by walls, and the gateway into the Abbey exists, and is pointed out as that through which Cardinal Wolsey entered on his last journey. Over this gateway there are remains of some buildings of the Tudor period. There is no trace of the Abbey Church visible, or of any of the conventual buildings except those already noticed. Should, however, excavations on a thorough and judicious plan be undertaken, we cannot doubt that very valuable and interesting dicoveries would be brought to light.

Nichols' Hist., Vol. II., Part 2, p. 275 ; Dugd., Menast., by Caley, etc., Vol. VI., p. 462 et seq. * f Dugdale, «5i sup.

M.A.

Seuetaty.)

WINCKLEY, WINCKLEY,

T. T.

S. S.

EJitoiial EJitoiial

(Won. (Won.

REV. REV.

THE THE

F.S.A.

V.D., V.D.,

Secretary.)

FREER, FREER,

irs/iom/mA' irs/iom/mA'

J. J.

Cot Cot

W. W.

(lion, (lion,

MAJOR MAJOR

J.P.

V.D., V.D.,

Secretary.)

BELLAIRS, BELLAIRS,

Financial Financial

C. C.

llfmi. llfmi.

G. G. COL. COL. REVIEW. 205

EEVIEW. LEICESTERSHIRE AND EUTLAND at the OPENING of the 20ra CENTURY. Published for the Subscribers by T. PIKE & Co., of Brighton, 1902. THIS Topographical and Biographical work will be useful to the antiquaries and genealogists of the next century on account of its excellent views of many objects of interest in the two counties, viz., in Leicestershire—Belvoir Castle; Scraptoft Vicarage, Cross, and Hall; Shenton Hall; Beaumanor; The Limes, and the Church, Melton Mowbray; Burbage Hall; The Magazine, Lei­ cester, and the Old Guild Hall: besides the Churches of Market Bosworth, Lutterworth, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, and Gaddesby; and in the County of Rutland the Churches of Ketton and Oakham. The biographical portion of the work comprises some 300 biographies (in most cases accompanied by portraits) of persons now residing in one or other of the two counties, headed by His Grace the Duke of Eutland, KG., G.C.B.; The Marquess of Granby, the Lord Lieutenant; Captain J. Burns-Hartopp; the late High Sheriff, and others. As 1 the publishers have kindly placed at our disposal three of the copper plates, we are enabled to reproduce the portraits of our Honorary Local Secretaries.

COL. GEOEGE CLAEKE BELLAIES, V.D., J.P., late of the Newarke, Leicester, was the son of the late George Bellairs; born at Narborough in 1826, and educated at the Collegiate School, Leicester. He retired from the 1st Volunteer Battalion of the Leicestershire Regiment in 1886, with the honorary rank of Colonel, after 26 years' service. He was elected a member of the Leicestershire Architectural and ArchsBological Society on its formation on the 10th of January, 1855 : a member of the Committee on September the 10th in the same year; and one of our Henorary Secretaries on the 30th of June, 1856 (in the place of Thomas Ingram, Esq., whom we are glad to know is still one of our members). The Society is indebted to him for many drawings and papers in the Transactions, amongst others those on the Eoman Eoads of Leicestershire, and Trinity Hospital. He has also for many years been our Honorary Financial Secretary, and we hope to con­ gratulate him in 1905 on his having been a member of this Society for 50 years. 206 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

MAJOK WM. JESSE FREER, V.D., F.S.A., of Stony Gate, Leicester, is the eldest son of the late Eev. Wm. Thos. Freer, M.A., R.D., Rector of Houghton-on-the-Hill, in this County, was born in 1858, and educated at St. Peter's College, Radley. He was appointed Clerk of the Peace for Leicestershire in 1888, by the late Earl Howe. The other members of the family who have held the same office, were the late Thos. Freer, Esq., of Westcotes, from 1811 to 1841, and the late Wm. Freer, Esq., of Stony Gate, from 1841 to 1873. He was appointed a Local Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries, from 1875 to 1891. Elected a member of this Society on the 10th of July, 1876, and Honorary Corresponding Secretary on the 28th of January, 1878. Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, London, and Honorary Local Secretary, 1901, and President of the Committee for the Archaeological Survey of Leicestershire. In the same year, he retired with the honorary rank of Major after 23 years' service in the 1st Volunteer Battalion of the Leicestershire Regiment. THE REV. SIDNEY THOROLD WINCKLEY, M.A., Rector of Houghton-on-the-Hill, Leicestershire, son of the late William Winckley, Esq., F.S.A., born, in 1858, educated at Harrow School, 1872—1877, and St. John's College, Cambridge. B.A. 1880, M.A. 1884. Formerly Curate of St. Mary's, and Vicar of St. Catharine's, Nottingham. Elected a member in July, 1899, and Honorary Editorial Secretary at the Annual Meeting in January, 1900. THE LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 1903-4.

patrons, His Grace the DUKE OF RUTLAND, K.G., G.C.B. The Eight Rev. the LORD BISHOP OF PETERBOROUGH, D.D.

The Most Hon. the Mnvquess of Granby, the Lord-Lieutenant. The High Sheriff of Leicestershire. The Worshipful the Mayor of Leicester. His Grace tlie Duke of Somerset. The Right Honourable the Earl Howe, G.C.V.O. The Right Honourable the Earl of Denbigh. The Right Honourable the Earl Ferrers. The Right Honourable the Earl of Dysart. The Right Honourable the Earl of Lanesborough. The Right Honourable Lord Braye. The Honourable Sir Matthew Ingle Joyce, Kt. Colonel the Honourable Montagu Curzon. Sir J. F. L. Rolleston, M.P. Sir C. B. McLaren, Bart., M.P., K.C. Sir Charles H. Marriott, J. P., D.L. Hussey Packe, Esquire, D.L. The Venerable the Archdeacon of Leicester. Colonel F. Palmer. Edwin Joseph Lisle March. Phillips-de- Lisle, Esquire, F.S.A. Harry Leyeester Powys-Keck, Esquire. Sir A. G. Hazlerigg, Bart. Sir W. de W. Abney, K.C B. VOL. IX. 208 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

Committee. Tlie Patrons. H. A. Roechling, Esq., C.E. The Presidents. Thomas Ingram, Esq. All Rural Deans (being Members). The Rev. Canon Sanders, LL.D. All Professional Architects (being Fred. R. Morley, Esq. Members). Theodore Walker, Esq. T. Harrold. Esq. A. H. Paget, Esq. The Rev. E. Jackson, M.A. John Wade \Ynrtnaby, Esq. J. H. Garnur, Esq. H. L. Goddard, Esq., F.R.I.B.A. The Rev. Canon Rendell, R.D. J. W. Spurway, Esq. The Rev. W. G. D. Fletcber, F.S.A. H. Hartopp, Esq. permanent Sub.ffiomnuttff. The Rev. W. G. D. Fletcber, F.S.A. Col. G. C. Bellairs, V.D. The Rev. Canon Rendell, R.D. Major W. J. Freer, V.D., F.S.A. J. W. Wartnaby, Esq. The Rev. S. Tliorold Winckley, M.A. H. A. Roechling, Esq., C.E. Hon. Secretaries.

Ijonoran; local Srtrrtanra. Market Harborouyh District. Melton Jlou-bray District. W. Bragg-Bragg, Esq., Walter J. New, Esq., B.A. (Load.), Market Harborough. Melton Mowbray. Lutterivorth District. Hinckley District. The Rev. E. Jackson, M.A., The Rev. R. Titley, M.A., Gilmorton Rectory. Harwell Rectory. Ashby-de-la-Zouch District. Loughborough District. The Rev. H. Barber, M.A., M.D., F.S.A., W. J. Tucker, Esq., Ravenstoue Hospital, Ashby. Parkside, Loughborough. jsmttaries of tljr .iocttli;. Colonel George C. Bellairs,V.D.,J.P., Highfield, Southbourne-on-Sea, Christchurch, Hants. (Financial.) Major William Jesse Freer, V.D., F.S.A., Local Sec. Soc. Antiquaries, Land., Stonypiite, Leicester. (Corresponding.) The Rev. S. Thorold Winckley, M.A., Houghton-on-the-Hill Rectory, Leicester. (Editorial). iibvamn. C. J. Billson, Esq., M.A., The Wayside, Oadby, Leicester. •an tutor. John Wade Wartnaby, Esq. HONORARY MEMBERS. The High Sheriff of Leicestershire. James Neale, Esq., F.S.A., F.R. Inst.Brit The Worshipful the Mayor of Leicester. Archts., 10, Bloomsbury Square, Lon­ The Right Rev. the Lord Alwyne Comp- don, W.C. ton, D.D.. late Lord Bishop of Ely. H. .T. Toulmin, Esq., The Pr6, St. Albans. The Rev. W. G. D. Fletcher, F.S.A., James Parker, Esq., Oxford. S. Michael's Vicarage, Shrewsbury. The Rt. Rev. Bishop Mitchinson, D.D., Sidney E. Hartland, Esq., F.S.A., Glou­ The Master of Pembroke Coll., Oxford. cester. J. A. Gotch, Esq., F.S.A., Kettering. C. H. Read, Esq., F.S.A.,S«c. Soc. Anti­ Rev. E. Conybeare, M.A., Cambridge. quaries, Land., British Museum, Lon­ don, W.C. LIST OF MEMBEKS. 209

SUBSCRIBING MEM BEES, 1904.

Abney, Sir W. tie W., K.C.B., Measham Brown, Albert, Esq., Genista, Ashby Hnll, Atherstone. Road, Lough borough. Abney, J. R., Esq., 1!), East H6 Street, Brown, G. L. Esq., Forest Dune, Kirby New York, U.S.A. Muxloe, Leicester, Alderson, Rev. Cauon F. C., M.A., The Brown, Kev. M. T., M.A., Welford Rectory, Lutterworth. Vicarage, Rugby, Alien, W.S , Esq., Rose Hill, Atherstone. Bryan, The Rev. Hugh, M.A., Stoke Atkins, Hugh, Esq., J.P., Thorneyoroft, Doyle Kectory, Oundle, Northants. Hinckley. liuszard. Marstori C., Esq., K.C., J.P., Bailey, Thos., Esq., Holme Lncy, St. The Temple, London. Peter's Road, Leicester. Butland, Robt., Esq., Stougbton Lane, Baker, Chas., Esq., Friar Lane, Leicester. Leicester. Banltart, S. N., Esq., J.P., Hallaton Cartwright, Mr. J. H., 12, Market Street, Hall, Uppingham. Leicester. Barfoot-Saunt, W. H., Esq., J.P., Oxen- Catlow, G. S,. Esq., Kibworth, Leicester. don, Market Harborough. Chaplin, C. W., Esq., Burrough-on-the- Barber, The Rev. H., JJ.A..M.D., K.S.A., Hill, Melton Mowbray. (Hon. Local Sec.), Ravenstone Hos­ Clare, E. Lovell, Esq., 23, Albion Street, pital, Ashby-de-la-Zouch. Westminster, S.W. Barker, Mr. J. W., Belvoir Street, Lei­ Clarke, H. Pickering, Esq., Wyckliff cester. Street, Leicester. Barlow, Evan, Esq., 16, Friar Lane, Clephan, Edwin, Esq., J.P., Southfields, Leicester. Leicester. Bellairs, Col. G. C., V.D., J.P., (Hon. Coates, Geo. G., M.D., South Kilworth, Sec.) Highfield. Southbourne-on-Sea, Rugby. Christchurch, Hants. Collins, E. J., Esq., Mere Road, Leicester. Bennett, A. H., Esq., Market Street,' Cooke, Mr. J. H., 154, Clarendon Park Leicester. Road, Leicester. Bennion, Charles, Esq., Danes Hill Corah, Alfred, 113, Princess Road, Lei­ House, Leicester. cester. Beresford, The Rev. E. A., Hoby Rectory. Coruh, J. A., Esq., J.P., Oadby Hill, Lei­ Bickley, J. W., Esq., Acacia House, cester. Melton Mowbray. Cott, The Rev. A. McKeuzie, M.A., Ashby Biggs, The Rev. H. S., B.A., Leicester, Magna Vicarage, Lutterworth. Billson, C. J., Esq., M.A., (Hon. Libra- Creswell, Dr., Barrow-on-Soar, Lough- rian), The Wayside, Oadby, Leicester. borough, Bird, G. B., Esq., Walton-on-the-Wolds, Crewe, Hugo Harpur, Esq., Stanley's, Loughborough. Lymington, Hampshire. Birkenbead, Rev. A. R., B.A., Market Crick, F., Esq., Hougbton House, Stoney- Bosworth. gate, Leicester. Blakeney, The Rev. Canon, M.A., The Crowther-Beynon,V.B.,Esq.,M.A.,F.S.A. Vicarage, Melton Mowbray. The Grange, Edith Weston, Stamford. Bland, Edmund, Esq., S. Martin's, Lei­ Curtis, R., Esq., Market Place, Leicester. cester. Curds, W. J., Esq., Halford Street, Lei­ Blossom, M., Esq., Hazelwood, Crump- cester. sail Green, Manchester. Cuvzon, Col., The Hon. Montagu, (Presi­ Bolus, Miss, Lower Hastings Street, dent), Garats Hay, Loughborough. Leicester. Dalgleish, Richard, Esq., J.P., Asfordby, Bouskel'., Frank, Esq., Friar Lane, Lei­ Melton Mowbray. cester. Darlington, Miss, The Hill, Lutterworth. Bowers, Rev. P. H., M.A., The Rectory, Day, John, Esq., 8, New Street, Leicester. Market Bosworth. Deane, Henry, Esq., Government Build­ Bragg, W. Bragg, Esq. (Hon. Local Sec.), ings, Newarke Street, Leicester. Catherine House, Market Harborough. Dexter, Mr. J. L., 2, Storer Road, Lough­ Braye, Dr. Reginald, 86, Frederick Road, borough. St. Saviour's Road, Leicester. Dickinson, The Rev. F. B., M.A., Manor Brockington, VV. A., Esq., M.A., Hill House, Ottery St. Mary. Bank, Birstall, Leicester. Dickinson, J. S., Esq., Friar Lane, Lei­ Brown, A. J,, Esq., Great Glen, Leicester. cester. 210 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

Donaldson, A. B., Esq., The Lodge, Go ward, Major S., V.D., Market Hor- Bitteswell, Lutterworth. borough. Draper, Major A. T., Friar Lane, Lei­ Grant, John, Esq., Glenelg, Elms Road, cester. Stoneygate, Leicester. Dyraock, H. W., Esq., Glenfield, Lei­ Green, George.Esq., Market Harborough. cester. Griffith, !•'., Esq., M.I.C.E., Clarendon, Edroonds, Rev. G.M., M.A., Stoke Gold- Stoneygate, Leicester. ing Vicarage, Hincldey. Grimsdick, G. J., Esq., Kibworth, Lei­ Elgood, T. S., Esq., 90, New Walk, cester. Leicester. Hardington, Mr. Geo., 15, Millstone Ellis, Miss Susan, Stoneygate Road, Lune, Leicester. Leicester. Harper, G. P., Esq., M.A., 19, Mecklen­ Ellis, Owen.Esq,, The Rookery, Barrow- burg Street, Leicester. on-Soar. Harper, Mrs., 1'J, Mecklenburg Street, Everard, Bernard, Esq., B.A., Woodville, Leicester. Knighton Park, Leicester. Harrison, S., Esq., F. K.I.B. A., St. Martin's, Everard, T. W., Esq., J.P., High Sheriff, Leicester. Nanpantan, Loughborough. Harrold, Thomas, Esq., Castle Street, Everard, Mrs. T. W., Nanpantan, Lough- Hinckley. borough. Hartopp, Capt. J. Burns-, J.P., D.L., Faire, A. W., Esq., Elmcote, Elm Road, Dalby Hall, Melton Mowbray. Leicester. Hartopp, Mr. Henry, 79, Barclay Street, Feaks, Mr. Chas. E., 44, Stretton Road, Narborough Road, Leicester. The Fosse, Leicester. Hassall, John, Esq., J.P., Ashby-de-la- Fewkes, J., Esq., Great Glen, Leicester. Zouch. Fisher, The Rev. H., M.A., Higham-on- Hassall, Mrs., Rearsbv Rectory, Leicester. the-Hill Rectory, Nuneaton. Hatchett, Major J., J.P., Raven stone, Forsell, J. T., Esq., Winkadale, Bushby, Ashby-de-la-Zouch. Leicester. Hazlerigg, Sir A. G., Bart., Noseley Hall, Fosbrooke, T. H., Esq., Knighton Road, Leicester. Leicester. Heriton, G. M., Esq., Cbarnwood House, Fowke, The Rev. C. R., M.A., Malvern. Victoria Road, Leicester. Fox, 13. H. C., Esq., J.P., Maplewell, Herrick, Mrs. Perry-, Beaumanor Park, Loughborough. Loughborough. Franklin, Mrs. G. C., 3D, London Road, Reward, T. H., Esq., C.C., The Elms, Leicester. Hugglescote, Leicester. Freer, Major W. J., V.D., F.S.A. (Hon. Hewitt, Francis, Esq., Thornleigh, Sec.), Stony Gate, Leicester. Stoneygate, Leicester. Freer, Rev. A. S. Beresford, M.A., The Hiley, The Rev. A. J. W., M.A., Wood- Vicarage, Gussage All Saints', Salis­ house Eaves, Loughborough. bury. Hiley, K. V., Esq., Town Hall, Leicester. Garnar, J. H., Esq., Knighton Drive, Hodges, G. H., Esq., J.P., Oadby, Lei­ Leicester. cester. Gee, H. Simpson, Esq., J.P., Knighton Hodges, Rev. Wilfrid G., Broughton Frith, Leicester. Astley Rectory. Gee, Mrs. H. Simpson, Knighton Frith, Howe, The Rt. Hon. the Earl, G.C.V.O. Leicester. (President), The Woodlands, Uxbridge, Gimson, H. H., Esq., Rothsay, Victoria Bucks. Road, Leicester. Hind, W. Harley, Esq., 2<>, Swaine Street, Gimson, Sydney A., Esq.,20, Glebe Street, Bradford, Yorks. Leicester. Holmes, The Rev. \V. P., M.A., St. Peter's Gleadow, Mrs. W., Stoneygate, Leicester. Vicarage, Leicester. Goddard, H. L., Esq., F.R.I.B.A. Market Hull, Geo., Esq., Clarendon Park Road, Street, Leicester. Leicester. Godson, The Rev. J., M.A., R.D., Ashby Hurst, B., Esq., J.P., Burbach Grove, Folville Vicarage, Melton Mowbray. Hinckley. Goode, S., Esq., J.P., Sunnyside, Hurst, William, Esq., J.P., The Grange, Hinckley. Earl Shilton. Grace, H. J., Esq., Enderby, Leicester. Ingram, Thou., Esq., Wigston Mfigna, Granby, The Most Hon. the Marquess Leicester. of (President), 10, Arlington Street, Jackson, Rev. Edmund, M.A. (Hon. Local London, S.W. Sec.), Gilmorton Rectory, Lutterworth. LIST OF MEMBERS——COHt. 211

Jackson, \V. F., Esq., H, St. Martin's, New. Walter J., Esq., B.A. Lond., (Hon. Leicester. Local. Sec.), Melton Mowbray. Johnson, Mrs. T. Fielding, Brookfield, New York Public Library, U.S.A. Stoneygate, Leicester. Oliver, C. F., Esq., Hughenden, Knignton Johnson, Mrs. William Goode, Van­ Park Road, Leicester. couver City, B.C. Orara, Arthur, Esq., The Spinneys, Rat- Jones, Captain C. H., M.A., The School, eliife Road, Leicester. Uppingbam. Oswin, R. B., Esq., Stoneygate Road, Jones, Thos., Esq., J.P., Brndeuhain, Leicester. Knighton Park Road. Leicester. Packe, Hussey, Esq., J.P., D.L., (Presi­ Joyce, Hon. Sir M. I. (President), 4, dent). Prestwold Hall, Loughborough. Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, Lon­ Page, Mr. C. H., 10, New Street, Leicester. don, W.C. Paget, Alfred H., Esq., F.R.I.B.A., Keck, H. L. Powys-, Esq., J.P., (Presi­ Market Street, Leicester. dent), The Knoll, Kingston Hill, Paget, W. B., Esq., J,P., Southfield, Surrey. Loughborough. Kilby, Mr. C. W., 1, Rupert Street, Lei­ Palmer, Col. F., J.P., Withcote Hall, cester. Oakharn. Kitson, C. H., Esq., Mus. Doc., Oxon., Palmer, The Rev. W. H., M.A., Wanlip 13, Victoria Road, Leicester. Rectory, Leicester. Lanesborough, The Right Hon. the Earl Parkinson, W. G., Esq., The Cottage, Old of, (President). Swithland Hall, Lough- Humberstone, Leicester. borough. Partington, Miss H. C., The Lawn, Landon, The Rev. Guy, M.A., The Vicar­ Bit-stall, Leicester. age, Portsea, Hants. Partridge, S. S. Esq., Belvoir Street, Langham, W., Esq., 24, Glenfield Road, Leicester. Leicescer. Payne, W. H., Esq., J.P., Hinckley. Langham, W., Esq., Ashby Magna Cot­ Peach, Robt., Esq., The Elms, Oadby, tage, Lutterworth. Leicester. Lawford, J., Esq., Bushby, Leicester. Peach, H. H., Esq., Stoughton Road, Lea, W. A., Esq., Leahurst, Stoneygate Leicester. Road, Leicester. Peterborough, The Right Rev. the Lord Leadbitter, The Rev. W. 0., LL.D., St. Bishop of, D.D., (Patron), The Palace, Luke's Vicarage, Leicester. Peterborough. Leeper, Dr. R. J., Market Bosworth. Phillips, G., Esq., Fosse Bank, Onkhara. Leicester, The Right Rev. the Bishop of, Pick, S. Perldns, Esq., F.R.I.B.A., Mill­ The Canonry House, Peterborough. stone Lane, Leicester. Lilley, Samuel G., jun., Esq., Southfields, Pierson, Rev. E G., B.A., Statheru Leicester, Rectory, Melton Mowhray. Lillingston, G. W., E»q., J.P., Ulvers- Pope, Dr. F. M., 4, Prebend Street, croft, Leicester. Leicester. McLaren, Sir C. B., Bart., K.C., M.P., Powell, Col. L. L., V.D., J.P., The Elms, (President), 43, Belgrave Square, Lon­ Melton Mowhray. don, W. Powers, G. W., Esq., M.A., Farrar's Marriott, Sir Charles H., Kibworth Har- Building, Temple, E.G. court, Leicester. (President.) Pulmau, W. G. B., Esq., Lutterworth. Martin, R. E., Esq., The Brand, Lough- Pulteney, The Rev. A. W. P., M.A., Ashley borough. Rectory, Market Harborough. Martin, R. F., Esq., J.P., The Brand, Quarrell, \V. H,, Esq., M.A., 3, East Loughborough. India Avenue, London, E.G. Mills, W. S., Esq., Melrose House, Rendell, The Rev. Canon A. M., M.A., Stoneygate Road, Leicester. R.D., St.Margaret's Vicarage, Leicester. Moore, A. P., Esq., M.A., Friar Lane, Reynolds, H. W., Esq., Barkby Firs, Leicester. Leicester. Moore, C. A., Esq., M.D., De Montfort Richards, H. W. H., Esq., Phoenix Cot­ Street, Leicester. tage, Belgrave. Moore, Rev. C. T., M.A., J.P., Appleby Robinson, Chas. S., Esq., Stanley Road, Rectory, Atherstone, Leicester. Morley, F. R., Esq., De Montfort Square, Robinson, Dr Thomas, Bowling Green Leicester. Street, Leicester. Moss, Wilfrid Esq., Solicitor, Lough- Roechling, H. A., Esq., C.E., Market borough. Street, Leicester. 212 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITLCTURAL SOCIETY.

Hodwell, The Rev. C., U.A., H.D., Kirncote Tanner, The Rev. (i. A., I?.A., Knossing- Rectory, Lutterwortb. ton Rectory, Oakhuni. Eolleston, Sir J. F. I,., M.P., (President), Tnylor, J. W., Esq., Lou^hboroiigh. Glen Parva, Leicester. Taylor, John H., Esq., N4, Syston Street, Eowlev, Robt., Esq.. J.P., Glen Magna, Leicester. Leicester. Thompson, J. H., Esq., The Woodlands, Rowley, T. S., Esq., Glen Magoa, Lei­ Knighton, Leicester. cester. Thomson, Chas. Stuart, Ksq., Harrow-on- Rust, Arthur, Esq., 120, Regent Road, Soar, Loughborough. Leicester. Thomson, H. H., Esq., Halford Cham­ Rutland, His Grace the Duke of, K.G., bers, Leicester. G.C.B., (Patron), Belvoir Castle, Thompson, \V. T., Esq., Knighton House, Grantham. Stoueygate, Leicester. Eyder, T. H., Esq., M.A , East Avenue, Titley, The Kev. R., M.A., J.R, (Hon. Clarendon Park, Leicester. Local Sec.), Banvell Rectory, Ilinckley. Salusbury, W. Llewellyn, Esq., Llanwern Topham, L. T., Esq., J.P., Lutterworth Lodge, London Road, Leicester. House, Lutterworth. Sanders, The Rev. Canon, LL.D., St. Traylen, J. C., Esq., F.R.I.B.A., 16, Martin's Vicarage, Leicester. Broad Street, Stamford. Sarson, Col. J. E., V.D., Woodland Tucker, VV. J., Esq. (Hon. Local Sec.). Avenue, Leicester. Parkside, Loughborough. Satcliell. Mr. R. W., Gallowtree Gate, Turner, Joseph, Esq., Havelock Straet, Leicester. Leicester. Sawday, Aid. A. E.. 14, Springfield Road, Turner, J., Esq., J.P., Stanleigh, Donis- Leicester. thorpe, Ashby-de la-Zouoh. Scott, C. Tollemache. Esq., J.P., Market Twining, Richard, Esq., Hi ties well, Bosworth Hall, Nuneaton. Lutterworth. Seale, Frank, Esq., 25, Horsefair Street, Vial, W., Forest Road, Loughborough. Leicester. Viccurs, VV. P., Esq., J,P., Anstey Pas­ Simpson, J. W., Esq., 4, Berridge Street, tures, near Leicester. Leicester. Wakerley, A., Esq., London Road, Lei­ Sloane, Mrs. S., 13, Welford Road, Lei­ cester. cester. Walker, Ralph R., Esq., Ratcliffe Hall, Smith, G. Murray-, Esq., J.P., D.L., Syston. Gumley Hall, Market Harborough. Walker, T. Esq.. Glen Hall, Leicester. Smith, Corbel, Esq.. J.P., Walcote Walter, Edward, Esq., Croft, Leicester. House, Lutterworth. Walters, J. Tudor, Esq., Granville Road, Smith-Carington, H. H., Esq., Stanley Leicester. Grove, Oxford Road, Manchester. Warner, E. H., Esq., J.P., Quorn Hall Sollory, A.. Esq., 3, Albert Road, Stoney- Loughborousli. gate Road, Leicester. VVartnaby, J. VV., Esq., (Hon. Auditor), Somerset, His Grace the Duke of, (Presi­ The Oaklands, Stoneygnte, Leicester. dent), Burton Hall, Loughborough. Watson, The Rev. Wentwortb, M.A., Spalding, J. T., Esq., 22, Villa Road, Rockingham Castle, Uppingham. Nottingham. Webster, Miss, Little Peatling Hall, Spencer, C. A., Esq., Stoneygate, Lei­ Lutterworth. cester. Welldon, C. L., Esq., Westlands, Welling- Spurway, Mr. J. W., High Cross Street, borough. Leicester. Wells, Sidney, Esq., J.P., Kegworth, Squire, S., Esq., Salisbury Road, Lei­ Derby. cester. Whinfield, Rev. W. H. E., B.A.. Arnesby Stewart, R. C., Esq., County Asylum, Vicarage, Leicester. Leicester. Whittingham, Rev. W.G., B.A., Knighton Stocks, The Ven. Archdeacon, (President), Vicarage, Leicester. Misterton Rectory, Lutli'i-wortli. Wilkins, William, Esq., Prior Park, Stoiber, Mrs. E. G., o/o Rev. S. T. Ashby-de-la-Zouch. Winckley, Houghton-on-tbe-Hill. Wilshere, H. W., Esq., Welford Place, Stone, S. F. Esq., J.P., D.L., Kirby Frith Leicester. Hall, Leicester. Winckley, The Rev. S. Thorold, M.A., Symington, S., Esq., F.R.G.S., Brook- (Hon. Sec.), Houghton • on - the - Hill lands, Market Harborough. Rectory, Leicester. Tabberer, G. 0., Esq., Bushby, Leicester. Withers, Mr. VV. J., Silver Street, Leicester. KULES. 213

Winterton, \V. H., Esq., Carisbrooke, Wi-ight, James, Esq., J.P., Barrow-Cliff Stanley Road, Leicester. Loughborough. Wintertou, Frank, Esq., Round Hill, Wriglit, A. E., Esq., The Hollies, Stoney- Thurmastou, Leicester. jjate, Ijeicester. Wood, U. H.. Esq., F.S.A., F.U.G.3.. Wriglit, Orson, Ksq., Wigston Magna, Belmont, Sidmoutli, South Devon. Leicester. Woodhouse, V. M., Esq., «(i, New Walk, Wj'kes, Mrs. A. 13., Town End Close, Leicester. Knighton, Leicester. Worswiok, Col. R. W., J.P., Normanton Young, Mr. Joseph, Gallowtree (rate, Turville Hall, Hinckley. Leicester.

NEW MEMBERS ELECTED IN 1905. Alderson, Rev. Canon F. C., M.A., The Rectory, Lutterworth. Bankart, S. N., Esq., J.P., Hallaton Hall, Uppingham. Callow, Geo. Spawton, Esq., Kibworth, Leicester. Coates, Geo., Esq., M.D., South Kilworth, Rugby. Creswell, Dr.. Barrow-on-Soar, Loughborough. Dymock, H. W., Ksq., Glenfield, Leicester. Edmonds, Rev. G. M., M.A., Stoke Golding Vicarage, Hinokley. Ellis, Owen, Esq., The Rookery, Barrow-on-Soar, Loughborough, Everard, Mrs. T. W., Nanpantan Hall, Loughborough. Grant, John, Ksq., Glenelg, Elms Road, Stoneygate, Leicester. Hardington, Mr. George, 15, Millstone Lane, Leicester. Lea, W. A., Esq., Leahurst, Stoneygate Road, Leicester. Marriott, Sir C. H., Kibworth Harcourt, Leicester. Moore, A. P., Esq., Friar Lane, Lecester. Moss, Wilfred, Esq., Solicitor, Loughborough. Peirson, Rev. E. G., B.A., Stathern Rectory, Melton Mowbray. Pope, Dr. F.M., 4, Prebeud Street, Leicester. Seale, Frank, Esq., 35, Horsefair Street, Leicester. Smith, Corbet, Esq., J.P., Walcote House, Lutterworth. Stewart, R. C., Esq., Couuty Asylum, Leicester, Symington, S., Esq., F.R.G.S., Brooklands, Market Harborough. Walter, Edward, Esq., Croft, Leicester. Webster, Miss, Little Peatling Hall, Lutterworth. Wells, Sidney, Esq., J.P., Kegworth, Derby.

RULES. 1. That the Society be called " THE ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE COUNTY OF LEICESTEH." 2. That the objects of the Society be, to promote the study of Ecclesiastical Architecture, General Antiquities, and the Restoration of Mutilated Architectural Remains within the County; and to furnish suggestions, so far as may be within its province, for improving the character of Ecclesiastical Edifices, and for preserving all anoient remains which the Committee may consider of value and importance. 3. That the Society be composed of Patrons, Presidents, Treasurer, and Secre­ taries; and Honorary and Ordinary Members. 4. That the Members of the Society be privileged to propose new Members, either by letter or personally, to be elected at the Committee Meetings; and that Honorary Members shall be gentlemen who have either rendered signal service to the Society, or are specially learned in the subjects the study of which it is formed to encourage, and shall be nominated by the Committee at one of their Meetings, and proposed for election only at the General Annual Meeting of the Members to be held in the January of each year. 214 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

5. That Rural Deans within the County of Leicester be ex-officio Member* of the Committee, on their signifying an intention to become Members of the Society. 0. That enoh Member shall pay an Annual Subscription of Ten Shillings, to be due on the first day of January in each year. 7. That the att'airs of the Society be conducted by a Committee composed of the Patrons, Presidents, Rural Deans (being Members), all Secretaries of the Society, all Professional Architects (being Members), all Honorary Members, and not less than twenty Ordinary Members, of whom four at least shall have been Members of the Committee of the preceding year. 8. That the Meetings of the Members be held on the last Monday of every alternate mouth; that one of such Meetings to be held in the month of January be considered the Annual General Meeting, at which the Annual Report and Statement of Accounts be rendered and the Committee for the year be elected, and such new Rules or alterations in the Rules proposed and made as may be thought necessary : provided always that due notice of such new Rules or alteration in Kules be given by circular to each Member of tho Society at least seven days before the Annual Meeting. That in addition to the lii-Monthly Meetings—so including the Annual Meeting—Public Meetings for the reading of Papers, &e., may be held as provided for under Rule 11. 9. That the Committee (of whom five shall be a quorum) have power to add to their number, and to elect from the Society the requisite number of Secretaries. 10. That the Members-of the Committee in any neighbourhood may associate other Members of the Society with themselves, and form Committees for Local Purposes in communication with the Central Committee. 11. That the Public Meetings of the Society be holden at such times and places as shall be appointed by the Committee. 12. That the Committee meet at the times and places which they may them­ selves appoint. 13. That the Secretaries be empowered, on the requisition of five Members of the Committee, to call a Special Meeting of the Society. 14. That Donations of Architectural and Antiquarian Books, Plans, JL-c., be received; that the Committee be empowered to make purchases and procure casts and drawings, which shall be under the charge of the Secretaries. 15. That when the Committee shall consider any Paper, which may have been read before the Society, worthy of its being printed at its expense, they shall request the author to furnish a copy, and shall decide upon the number of copies to be printed, provided always that the number be sufficient to supply each Member with one copy, and the author with twenty-five copies. All other questions relating to publishing Plans and Papers, and illustrating them with engravings, shall be decided by the Committee. 16. That the Committee may every year publish, or join with other Archi­ tectural and Archaeological Societies in publishing, for circulation among the Members, Transactions to contain descriptions and Papers connected with the objects of the Society. 17. That on application being made to any Member of the Committee, or to the Committee collectively, for the advice of the Society in the restoration of any Church, a Sub-Committee be appointed (of which the Incumbent or Resident Minister be one) to visit the Church, and submit a report in writing to the General Committee. 18. That all Plans for the building, enlargement, or restoration of churches, schools, itc., sent for the inspection of the Committee, be placed in the hands of one of the Secretaries of the Society, at least fourteen days before the Committee Meeting, for the Secretary to prepare a special report thereon. 19. That the Committee have power at any Meeting to make grants towards the objects of the Society, provided that if such grant—other than that for carrying out the objects contemplated in Eules 15 and 16—exceed 30s., notice be given in the circular or advertisement calling the Meeting. FIFTIETH ANNUAL REPORT. 215

The Hi-Monthly Meetings of the Society are held on the last Monday in January, March, May, July, September, and November,—the Meeting in January to be the General Meeting for the transaction of business. Committee Meetings at 2.30 p.m.; Hi-Monthly Meetings at :l p.m., at the Society's Room, at the Old Town Library, Guildhall, Leicester.

NOTH.—The Society's Room is now at the Old Town Library, Guildhall, St. Martin's, Leicester, where the Library is kept, and is open daily from 10 to 4 for the use of Members. The keys can be obtained from the Hon. Secretaries.

Societies with which the Leicestershire Architectural and Archaeological Society exchanges " TRANSACTIONS" :—

The Antiquarian Society of Stockholm. The Bodleian Library. > The British Archaeological Association, London. The Buckinghamshire Architectural and Archaeological Society. The Cambridge Antiquarian Society. The Cambridge and Hertfordshire Archaeological Society. The Clifton Antiquarian Club. The Derbyshire Archaeological and Natural History Society. The Edinburgh Architectural Association. The Essex Archaeological Society. The East Herts. Archaeological Society. The Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire. The Kent Archaeological Society. The Leicester and Leicestershire Society of Architects. The North Oxfordshire Architectural Society. The Oxfordshire Architectural Society. The Powys-land Club. (Montgomeryshire.) The Royal Archaeological Institute. The St. Alban's and Herts. Architectural and Archaeological Society. The Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society. The Society of Antiquaries of London. The Suffolk Institute of Archaeology. The Surrey Archaeological Society. The Thoresby Society of Leeds. The Yorkshire Archaeological and Topographical Association. The Viking Club.

THE 50ra ANNUAL REPORT.

BEFORE entering upon an account of last year's work, we have to remind our Members that this Society was established on the loth of January, 1855, and has therefore completed its half-century of existence. The Ven. Thomas K. Bonney, M.A., then Archdeacon of Leicester, presided at the Inaugural Meeting. He was appointed Archdeacon in 1831, and died in 1863. The acting Hon. Secretary was our old friend, Thomas Ingram, Esq., of Wigston Magna, who is still a member, and we have the pleasure of having two other original members amongst us, namely, our Senior Patron, His Grace the Duke of Rutland, K.G., G.C.B., who joined the Society as Lord John Manners ; and our valued Financial Secretary, Col. G. C. Bellairs, V.D., J.P. 216 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

The obituary list this year we are thankful to say is not a long one; we have however to deplore the loss of five members :— Robert J. Goodacre, Esq., F.R.I.B.A., was elected a member in i?59, and took a great interest in the Society's work. George Stephenson, Esq., J.P., was elected a member on the 2pth of January, 1866, and was for many years a member of the Committee, and did useful work. He died 24th January, 1904. The other members are A. E. Peach, Esq., who was elected on the 2oth July, 1880; the Rev, T. B. Hardy, M.A., who was elected in 1889; and Mr. C. R. Warner, who joined this Society in September, 1903, and died December 5th, 1904. The following have resigned their membership :—J. D. Paul, Esq.. J.P., who has gone to live in Rome, and Messrs. T. H. Ashby and H. C. Snow. Although not a member at the time of his decease, we much regret the loss that Archaeology in Leicester has sustained in the death in June last, of the Rev. Charles Henton Wood, M.A., who for many years took the greatest interest in our work, and was some time Hon. Librarian, and a member of the Committee. He was elected on the 26th May, 1879, and resigned a few years ago. He was a keen and accurate genealogist. As against a loss of eight members we are pleased to report that twenty-five new members have been elected, being a net increase of seventeen. One, J. C. Taylor, Esq., F.R.I.B.A., was formerly a member. We trust that this year a still larger increase will take place. The following is a list of new members with their addresses:— Elected in January. T. H. Ryder, Esq., M.A., East Avenue, Clarendon Park, Leicester ; the Rev. T. C. Moore, M.A., J.P., Appleby Rectory, Atherstone; H. H. Thomson, Esq., F.R.I.B.A., Halford Chambers, Leicester. In March. Alderman A. E. Sawday (then Mayor of Leicester), 14, Spring­ field Road, Leicester; Alfred Corah, Esq., 113, Princess Road, Leicester; A. Sollory, Esq., 3, Albert Road, Stoneygate, Leicester; the Rev. P. H. Bowers, M.A., The Rectory, Market Bosworth ; the Rev. A. R. Birkenhead, B.A., Market Bosworth ; Dr. R. J. Leeper, Market Bosworth; the Rev. Wilfrid G. Hodges, Broughton Astley Rectory, Rugby; Miss E. M. Dallington, The Hill, Lutter- worth. In May. W. T. Thompson, Esq., Knighton House, Stoneygate, Leicester; John Goodacre, Esq., Friar Lane, Leicester. In July. J. C. Traylen, Esq., A.R.I.B.A., 16, Broad Street, Stamford ; Mrs. Sarah Sloane, 13, Welford Road, Leicester. In September. The Rev. H. E. Whinfield, Arnesby Vicarage, Leicester; Mr. William Langham, Ashby Magna Cottage, Lutterworth. In November. Sir W. de W. Abney, K.C.B.. Mesham Hall, Atherstone, and a President; W. S. Alien, Esq., Witherley, Atherstoue ; Evan Barlow, Esq., 16, Friar Lane, Leicester; Mr. J. L. Dexter, 2, Storer Road, Loughborough ; H. H. Gimson, Esq., Rothsay, Victoria Road, Leicester; H. J. Grace, Esq., Enderby, Leicester; W. B. Paget, Esq., J.P., Southfield, Loughborough; the Rev. W. G. Whittingham, B.A., Knighton Vicarage, Leicester. During the past year the chapel of Trinity Hospital has been restored, and the flat plaster ceiling removed, thus opening up the remainder of the chancel arch. The chancel has been left intact, and the boards with the names of various donors upon them have been carefully removed and replaced on the completion of the work. By the kindness of the Architect, Mr. John Goodacre, the work was inspected whilst in progress by a small Sub-Committee of the Society. Your Committee has, with a few slight alterations, approved of the Draft Bill to make better provision for the custody and preservation of Local Records, brought into the House of Lords by the Marquess of Salisbury, in August last. The Bill is of a purely permissive and enabling character. FIFTIETH ANNUAL REPORT—COHt. 217

Some very interesting Saxon remains, found at North Luffenham, were exhibited by Mr. V. B. Crowther-Beynon, F.S.A.; and Mr. C. Tollemache Scott exhibited a spearhead, coins, and other objects of interest, found at and near Bosworth Hall at various times. The Committee are glad to note that the Corporation of Leicester has recovered two of its old charters. One 1191-1204, from Earl Robert Fitzparnel, and the other, 1239 or earlier, Charter from Simon de Montfort, expelling the Jews from Leicester. During the past year the following Papers have been read :— At the March Meeting. " Anglo-Saxon Remains found at North Luffenham prior to 1900." By V. B. Crowther-Beynon, F.S.A., M.A. At the November Meeting. " An Account of this Society's Visit to Stamford and Burghley, on 23rd June, 1904." By Major Freer tor J. C. Traylen, A.R.I.B.A. " An Account of the Visit to Kirby Hall and Rockingham Castle, on June 24th, 1904." By S. Perkins Pick, V.P., R.I.B.A. The following Papers have been printed in the First Part of Vol. XXVII. of the Reports and Papers read at Meetings of the Associated Architectural Societies of Lincoln, Leicester, &c.;— "Transcript and Translation of Signet Bill conferring a Baronetcy upon Richard Halford, Esq., of Wistow, Leicestershire, i6th December, 1641," and " Anglo-Saxon Remains found at North Luffenham, Rutland, previously to 1900." By V. B. Crowther-Beynon, M.A., F.S.A. ^ith illustrations). At the November Meeting, the Committee resolved to join with the British Record Society, in publishing "The Marriage License Bonds for Leicestershire from 1570 to 1748. The Society's share of the cost of transcription by Mr. Hartopp is not to exceed £20. It is estimated that the work will occupy about 100 pages, for four years, in the Associated Architectural Societies' Transactions. The Hon. Corresponding Secretary, Major Freer, V.D., F.S.A., represented this Society at the Inaugural Meeting of the Canterbury and York Society, held at Burlington House ; and also at the Annual Congress of Archaeological Societies held at the same place. Reports of the latter meeting will be sent to members in due course. Archaeological Survey.—We congratulate the Rutland Society upon the progress of the Survey so far as the Pre-Roman, Roman, and Post-Roman work is concerned, and also upon their valued Hon. Secretary, Mr. V. B. Crowther- Benyon, having been recently elected an F.S.A. The Leicestershire Survey for the same period is slowly progressing, but further funds and more helpers are required. Donations will gladly be received by the Hon. Secretary. H. A. Roechling, Esq., C.E., Market Street, Leicester, or by the President, Major Freer.

CHURCH AND OTHER WORK IN THE COUNTY.

Anstey.—The tower roof and heating apparatus have been repaired and a memorial window placed in this church. Cost £127. Ashby Folville.—The church walls and buttresses have been repaired and an open drain made round the church. .—A new school has been built. Burbage.— New class-rooms, offices, and cloak-room, have been added to the school at a cost of £900. Barwell Staplr.ton.—Roof re-slated, tower repaired, new organ, pulpit and prayer desk. Cost £300. Belton.—Tower and spire repaired, interior walls pointed. Cost £100. Bowden Little.—A new stained-glass window and a brass lectern have been placed in this church. Cost £100. 218 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

Coalville.—Alterations have been made to the Vicarage costing £550. Dalby Parva.—The chancel has been panelled with oak, and * new organ and heating apparatus placed in the church. Frolesworth.—A stained-glass window, costing £6$, has been placed in the church. Hullaton.—A clock with chimes has been placed in the tower. Cost £131. Higham~on-the-Hill.—The churchyard has been enlarged at a cost of £150. Horninijhold.—Glebe cottage rebuilt (£366), and spire, tower, and walls of church repointed. Lightning conductor fixed (£80). Houghton-on-the-Hill.—Class-room added to school. Cost £140. Hugglescote.—New inner porch. £70. Kibworth Beauchamp.—Bells re-hung, one re-cast. £185. LEICESTER— Belgrave St. Michael's.—The first section of Parish Buildings has been opened for use. Cost £934. Drill Hall.—On April gth, the Lord Lieutenant, the Marquess of Granby, unveiled a bronze tablet to the memory of five men of the Leicestershire Volunteer Service Company, who lost their lives in 'the South African War, the cost being defrayed by the other members of the Service Company. At the top are the badges of the Leicestershire Regiment and the Volunteers. The first, a single tiger with the words " Hindustan " and Leicestershire, and the Volunteer badge, three tigers, surmounted by a laurel wreath. On each side are the figures in relief of two soldiers, with the words under­ neath—Africa 1901, and Africa 1902. On either side of the names of the fallen Volunteers are the words, " Laings Nek," "Natal," "Belfast," "Transvaal," " Orange River Colony," and "Cape Colony." The names of the men are Sergeant W. Whitehead, Drummer R. Peasgood, and Privates W. Elkinson, W. G. Gilbert, and A. Lamin. Erington.—A site has been purchased, and the temporary Church of St. Philip erected at a cost of £1,300. The Holy Apostles.—A similar church has been erected by the Church Extension Board, on the site given by the Messrs. Harris. Cost £400. The Martyrs.—The organ has been enlarged. St. Andrew's.—Additions have been made to the schools costing £300. St. Luke's.—These schools have been extended at a cost of £250. St. Mark's.—This fine church has been completed at a cost of about £5,000, by the removal of the west wall, and the nave lengthened 33 feet. Thus much improving the proportion of the nave. The original west porch now becomes the south-west entrance, and a new porch has been added on the north-west. The seating has been re-arranged, the chancel and sanctuary re-floored. The organ has been removed to the new gallery at the west end, and divided so as to show the west window. The church is now lighted by electricity. The greater portion of the cost has been defrayed by Mrs. S. Perry-Herrick. St. Martin's.— An oak screen has been placed at the west end of the side chapel, and the sedilia in the Archdeacon's Court have been repaired. Cost £250. St. Mary's.—A choir vestry has been erected. £100. St. Peter's.—Additions have been made to the schools. £250. St. Stephen's.—Oak pulpit and clergy stalls have been given. £60. Lockington.—The roof of this church has been repaired. Loughborough All Saints'.—This organ has been re-constructed and enlarged at a cost of £2,000. FIFTIETH ANNUAL REPOBT—COllt. 219

Loughboroiiflh Holy Trinity.—A choir vestry and heating apparatus have been placed in this church. Cost £420. Markfield.—Two additional bells have been hung in the tower on a new steel frame, and one of the old bells re-cast. Melton.—A beautiful reredos has been placed in the chancel. Burton Lazars.—An organ has been placed here. 3Iountsorrel St. Peter's.—A porch and cloak-room have been added to the school. Narborough.—A portion of the churchyard wall has been re-built, and new gates. Newtoum Liiiford.—The church bells have been re-hung, and one new one added. Cost £180. Osgathorpe.—The leper window has been re-opened. Bearsby.—The roof of the south aisle has been re-leaded, and the organ repaired. Cost £175. Scraptoft.—Church porch and walls have been repaired. Cost £153. Shawell.—The tower of this church has been repaired. Shepshed.—New additions to the Roman Catholic schools of St. Winifred's have been built from the designs of Messrs. McCarthy and Co., at a cost of about £1,900. They were opened by Bishop Brindle, D.S.O., on December 27th. Sibstone.—On Friday, June i7th, the restored chancel was re-opened by the Bishop of Leicester, and the chancel walls have been repaired and some of the interior plastering removed, uncovering a third sedile as well as a low leper window on the south wall. The wood-work of the roof has been freed from the varnish which formerly disguised it. The altar is of ample dimensions, running the whole length of the fine east window, and the reredos is quite a low structure filling up only a space between the top of the altar and sill of the window. The floor levels of the choir and sacrarium have been reduced to their original level. The reredos of wood has been painted in tempera by Messrs. C. Napier, Clavering, and Tarling, of the Birmingham Guild of Handicraft. The two figures of angels on the central posts are the work of Mr. George Jack. Cost £365. Theddingworth.—Bells re-hung, one re-cast. Cost £220. Tin/cross.—Nave re-seated, walls coloured, new heating apparatus. £400. Wanlip.—This church has been restored and the aisle re-built at a cost of £2,000. Willoughby Waterless.—This church has been repaired at a cost of £230. Woodhouse Eaves.—The tower has been re-built and six bells hung with Cambridge Chimes. Cost /i.ooo. Wymeswold.—The guttering round the church walls has been put in order at a cost of £97. TREASURER'S ACCOUNT FOR 1904. RECEIPTS. PAYMENTS. £ •• o bers, Donations, & Arrears 132 -f 6 By Balance in hand .. 79 12 10 ,, Sales of Transactions ..019 „ Surplus from Excursion., i o o £185 12 5 £185 12 5

J. W. WARTNABY, Hun. Auditor. 220 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL

January 26th, 1903. THE ANNUAL MEETING of the Leicestershire Architectural and Archaeological Society, was held at the Society's Boom, at the Library of the Old Town Hall, Leicester.

J. W. WARTNABY, ESQ., in the Chair.

Apologies for non-attendance were received from the Ven. Archdeacon Stocks, the Rev. Canon Rendell, M.A., Colonel G. C. Bellairs, V.D. (Hon. Financial Secretary), Thos. Harrold, Esq., and V. B. Crowther-Beynon, Esq.

The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed.

VOTES of thanks were passed to the Ancient History and Antiquarian Society of Stockholm, for the Proceedings for 1897 ; to the Viking Club for Part 1, Vol. III. of the Saga Book; to the Essex Archaeological Society for Part 1, of Vol. IX. of the New Series of the Transactions. It was RESOLVED to exchange Transactions with the Viking Club, and the Cambridge and Huntingdonshire Archaeological Society. It was RESOLVED also that for the present the Society's Trans­ actions be published Biennially instead of Annually. The Hon. Corresponding Secretary read the Forty-Eighth Annual Report, and presented the Accounts, which had been audited by J. W. Wartnaby, Esq. (Hon. Auditor).

TREASURER'S ACCOUNT FOR 1902. RECEIPTS PAYMENTS. £ 8- d. d. By Balance from 1901 9 18 10 To Printing and Publishing „ Interest on Investments 2 17 o Transactions, Transcripts ,, Subscriptions from Mem of Documents, and Books 65 9 bers and Arrears 113 14 , Subscriptions to Societies 3 2 „ Sale of Transactions o 19 ,, Expenses of Room and ,, i Subscription overpaid O IO Sundries .. 58 ,, i Subscription overpaid and returned By Balance in hand .. 53 9 £127 18 10 £127 18 10

J. W. WARTNABY, Hon. Auditor. AND AKCH.EOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 221

The Report an* Accounts were adopted, and a VOTE of thanks to the Hon. Corresponding Secretary for the Report, to the Hon. Financial Secretary for the Accounts, and to the Hon. Auditor for auditing the same were passed. The following new Members were elected:—Sir Charles Hampden Wigram, Harston, Grantham, and a President; G. W. Lillingstone, Esq., J.P., Ulverscroft, Leicester; H. Pickering Clarke, Esq., Wickliff Street, Leicester; T. H. Fosbrooke, Esq., Knighton Road, Leicester; Bernard Everard, Esq., B.A., Wood- ville, Knightou Park Road, Leicester; P. A. Bates, Esq., 34, Friar Lane, Leicester. The Committee and Officers of the Society were re-elected, and VOTES of thanks were given them for their services during the past year. ME. H. H. PEACH reported that he had submitted the Ancient English Missal found in 1852, in a farmhouse on the Hiuckley and Barwell Estate, to the Rev. Canon Wordsworth, the recognised authority on Sarum Missals, who had kindly written a detailed description of the book. The items of interest were as follows :— Two Prayers and the heading of a third, viz.:—to " All Hallows," " St. Etheldreda," and " St. Thomas of Canterbury," called by Caxton, pyes of Salusbury use. A prayer also on fly-leaf for the Queen Mary when expecting an heir to the throne, ordered to be read by the parliament, in 1554. Then referring to the name " Hambledon," Canon Wordsworth is of opinion that it is " Hambleton," in Rutland, and that the name of the church has been changed since the Reformation, from "St. Audrey" to " St. Audree," though no certain proof of this has been found at present. He dated the Missal 1406, and remarked that it was somewhat fuller in rubrics than the usual Sarum Books. Mr. Peach also reported that the Governors of the Wyggeston Hospital had had repaired and bound the MSS. and books which for many years had been totally neglected, and that among the bindings there is one which is probably the original binding belonging to William Wyggeston. There are many notes on the fly-leaves of local interest, the books having probably belonged to the Chantry in the Newarke, but the Librarian at the Bodleian had offered to catalogue the same. Mr. Peach suggested that this example might very well be followed by the Leicester Corporation with respect to the MSS. and early printed books at the Town Hall, some of which were in 222 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL

a very bad state. After discussion the Hon. Corresponding Secretary and Mr. Peach were requested to interview the Mayor of Leicester on the matter. The Hon. Secretary stated that it had been recently reported to him, that it was proposed to lay out a portion of the Old Leicester Abbey grounds for building purposes; he had reported the matter to the Society of Antiquaries, London. After discussion it was RESOLVED:—" That this Society having heard of the reported approaching sale of the Site of Leicester Abbey, expresses its earnest hope that the Owner of the Estate will preserve the existing boundary Walls of the Abbey as far as possible, and will arrange for the ground to be carefully examined before the site is laid out for building, and that the Hon. Secretaries be authorised to act with the Society of Antiquaries in the matter." VOTES of thanks were accorded to Mr. Peach for his Paper; to the Mayor for the use of the Society's Room; to the Leicester Advertiser for reporting the Meetings of the Society during the past year; and to the Chairman for presiding.

March 30th, 1903. Bi-Monthly Meeting, held at the Society's Room, at the Library of the Old Town Hall, Leicester.

THE REV. CANON RENDELL, M.A., R.D., in the Chair.

Apologies for absence were received fromH. A. Roechling, Esq., C.E., A. W. Faire, Esq., and Colonel Bellairs, V.D., J.P., and the Rev. S. Thorold Winckley, M.A., Hon. Secretaries.

The Minutes of the Annual Meeting were read and confirmed.

VOTES of thanks were passed to the Stockholm Historical and Antiquarian Society, for Parts 1 and 2 of Vol. XVII. of the Publications; to the Cambridge Antiquarian Society for the Cambridge Guild Records, Part XXXIX. and No. 43 of the Proceedings; to the Shropshire Archaeological Society, for Part 1 of Vol. III. of the Third Series of the Transactions; to the Yorkshire Archaeological Society, for Part 66 of the Transactions; to the Powys Land Club, for Part 2 of Vol. XXXII. of the Collections; to the Oxfordshire Archaeological Society, for the Reports for 1901; to the Viking Club, for Report and List of Members for 1902; to the Suffolk Archaeological Society, for Part 2 of Vol. XI. of the Proceedings; to the Rev. Canon AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 228

Rendell, for Part 14 of the English Topography of the Gentleman's Magazine Library. In reference to the Annual Excursion, the Hon. Corresponding Secretary stated that two invitations had been received, one to visit Shrewsbury and neighbourhood, and the other Gloucester and Tewkesbury. After discussion it was RESOLVED to accept the latter early in July, the details to be left to the Excursion Sub-Committee. The Hon. Secretary then read the following Report with reference to the Books and MSS. at the Old Town Hall, the bad condition of which was reported at the last Meeting: I have pleasure in reporting that Mr. H. H. Peach and your Hon. Corresponding Secretary were invited to meet Alderman Vincent, the Mayor of Leicester, and the Town Clerk, on Monday, February 16th. Mr. Peach fully reported upon the state of various Books and MSS. at the Town Hall, and the amount of repairs required, and offered to look through the volumes and report what repairs he considered necessary without delay. On the question of cost the Mayor kindly promised to see the Committee on the subject, and to do what he could to have the necessary work carried out. The following old Members were re-elected:—The Right Rev. L. Clayton, the Bishop of Leicester, The Canonry House, Peter­ borough, and to be a President of the Society; and J. Lawford, Esq., Bushby, Leicester. The following were also elected:—John T. Spalding, Esq%, 22, Villa Road, Nottingham; W. H. Quarrell, Esq., M.A., 3, East India Avenue, London, E.G.; George Hull, Esq., Clarendon Park Road, Leicester; Wm. Vial, Esq., Forest Road, Loughborough; and Mr. C. W. Kilby, 1, Rupert Street, Leicester. The following was exhibited :— By J. FEWKES, ESQ. :—An Old Ivory Seal, found in a well. A VOTE of thanks was given to the Chairman for presiding.

May 25th, 1903. Bi-Monthly Meeting, held at the Society's Room, at the Library of the Old Town Hall, Leicester.

J. W. WAHTNABY, ESQ., in the Chair.

Apologies for absence were received from Col. G. C. Bellairs, V.D., and C. J. Billson, Esq., M.A. T VOL. IX. 224 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL

The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. VOTES of thanks were passed to the Oxfordshire Archaeological Society, for the Report for 1902 ; to the Leicester Survey Com­ mittee, for the Report for 1902 ; and to the Surrey Archaeological Society, for Vol. XVII. of the Collections. The Hon. Secretary reported that the Excursion Sub-Committee had made arrangements for the Society's Visit to Gloucester and Tewkesbury. A letter was read from Mr. H. A. Roechling, Hon. Secretary, Leicester Survey Committee, expressing a hope that this Society would continue its Subscription for the current year. It was RESOLVED to contribute the sum of £2 10s. for 1903. It was reported that the Secretary for the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings, had written with reference to the proposed Restoration of the Tower of St. Nicholas' Church, Leicester. The Hon. Secretary had brought the matter before some of the Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries, London, who were of opinion that the Tower should not be interfered with (save for the removal of the temporary parapet). The following resolution was passed :— " That this Society agrees with the recommendation of Messrs. Micklethwaite, Vice-President, and St. John Hope, Assistant Secretary, of the Society of Antiquaries, London, and trusts that the Tower of St. Nicholas' Church, Leicester, will be left in its present state (with the exception of the removal of the temporary parapet), and that no attempt will be made to put new stone into the arcading which, in the opinion of the Society, would be most unwise, as destroying the historical value of the Tower." The discovery of an Ancient Glass Drinking Vessel at Market Harborough was also reported. The following new Members were then elected :—John Turner, Esq., J.P., Stanleigh, Donisthorpe, Ashby-de-la-Zouch; W. S. Mills, Esq., Melrose House, Stoneygate Road, Leicester; W. A. Brockington, Esq., M.A. (Director of Education for the County of Leicester), 2, Alexandra Road, Leicester. The Hon. Secretary read a letter from E. Griffiths, Esq. (Water Engineer to the Leicester Corporation), enclosing a sketch of a recently discovered well in the Haytnarket, Leicester, which it was resolved to publish in one of the parts of Transactions. The following were then exhibited :— By F. R. MORLEY ESQ., (for Mr. Murray):—A Roll of the Mayors of Leicester from 1264 to 1720, 10 feet 6 inches long: formerly in the possession of John Nicholls the Antiquary. • AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 225

By T. S. ELGOOD, ESQ. :—A Grey and White Onyx Cameo of Graeco-Roman work, also a Sardonyx Cameo, 16th Century Italian. By H. HARTOPP, ESQ. :—Some Roman remains recently found in High Street. These include a 17th Century Bronze Pipe, a 16th Century Nuremburg Token, a Mediasval Key, a Samian Ware Bowl, with the Potter's mark "MARTINI," a Cameo Ring, and a large Amphora handle. A VOTE of thanks was given to the Chairman for presiding.

July 27th, 1903. Bi-Monthly Meeting, held at the Society's Room, at the Library of the Old Town Hall, Leicester

THE REV. CANON RENDELL, M.A., R.D., in the Chair.

Apologies for absence were received from Col. Bellairs, V.D. (Hon. Financial Secretary) and H. A. Roechling, Esq., C.E. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. VOTES of thanks were passed to the Historic Society of Lanca­ shire and Cheshire, for Vol. LIII. of the Transactions; To the Shropshire Archaeological Society, for Part 2 of Vol. III. of the Third Series of the Transactions; to the Royal Archaeological Institute, for No. 237 of the Archaeological Journal; to the Viking Club, for Part 2 of VoL III. of the Saga Book; to the Congress of Archaeological Societies, for two copies of Provisional Scheme for recording Ancient Defensive Earthworks; to the Yorkshire Archaeological Society, for the Programme of the Excursion to York and Part 67 of the Archaeological Journal; to the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology, for Programme of the Annual Excursion on July 30th, 1903. The Hon. Secretary reported the discovery of some ancient foundations during excavation on property in the Newarke, lately belonging to Col. Bellairs, and now to the Leicester Corporation. Also of some ancient documents found in one of the chimneys. Mr. Mawbey, the Borough Surveyor, had kindly promised to furnish the Society with drawings showing the positions of the foundations, and also a list of the documents found. These would be exhibited when received. With reference to the St. Nicholas Church Tower, no reply had as yet been received to the resolution passed by this Society, the Committee dealing with the matter not having met. 226 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL

The Hon. Secretary read an interesting Paper on the Society's visit to Gloucester and Tewkesbury. A hearty VOTE of thanks was recorded to the Rt. Rev. Bishop Mitchinson, D.D., the Mayor and Mayoress of Gloucester (E. S. Hartland, Esq., F.S.A., and Mrs. Hartland), and the Rev. Canon Bazeley, for their kindness in making the visit of the Society such a great success. Bishop Mitchinson and the Mayor of Gloucester were elected Honorary Members of the Society. The following new Members were elected:—Sir Arthur Grey Hazlerigg, Bart., Noseley Hall, Leicester; Samuel Goode, Esq., J.P., Sunnyside, Hinckley; A. Rust, Esq., 126, Regent Road, Leicester; and R. E. Martin, Esq., The Brand, Lough- borough. Sir Arthur Grey Hazlerigg, Bart., was also elected a President of the Society. The resignation of the Rev. H. Symonds (Vicar of Thornton) was accepted with regret. The following were then exhibited :— By MAJOR FREER—A Map of Roman Leicester, which is to form a basis for the new Archaeological Survey Map. By Mr. H. HAHTOPP—A Roll of the Mayors of Leicester from 1391 to 1687. A hearty VOTE of thanks was given to the Chairman.

September 28th, 1903. Bi-Monthly Meeting, held at the Society's Room, at the Library of the Old Town Hall, Leicester. THE REV. CANON RENDELL, M.A., R.D., in the Chair. Apologies for absence were received from Col. G. C. Bellairs, V.D., Hon. Secretary, and the Rev. E. Jackson, M.A., Hon. Local Secretary. VOTES of thanks were passed to the Derbyshire Archaeological and Natural History Society for Vol. XXV. of the Journal; to the Essex Archaeological Society, for the Feet of Fines, Essex, and for the Index to Vol. VIII. and List of Members ; to the Oxfordshire Archaeological Society, for No. 45 of the Transactions, being the History of the Parish of Black Burton, Oxon.; to the Thoresby Society, Leeds, for Vol. II., Part 2, and Vol. XII., of AND ABCH^EOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 227 the Publications ; to the Yorkshire Archaeological Society, for the Programme of the Excursion to Kirby Hill, &c. The Hon. Secretary read a letter from the Vicar of RothwelJ, Northants., appealing for funds towards the Restoration of his Parish Church. It was RESOLVED that although the Society could not help financially, it heartily commended the object of the appeal to its own Members and the Public generally. The Hon. Secretary read the reply of the Rev. E. Atkins, the Vicar of St. Nicholas' Church, Leicester, with reference to the Restoration of the Tower. At a Council, held on August 18th last, the following resolution was agreed to nem. con.:—" That a commencement be made as soon as possible to carry out the scheme of Restoration as set forth in the Appeal sent out in March last, and approved unani­ mously at a Public Meeting, held in the Town Hall, on March 26th last, the Worshipful the Mayor of Leicester presiding." The letter further stated that every care would be taken that no old stone be disturbed unless absolutely necessary. All the old stones belonging to the parapet, and now lying in the Churchyard, would be replaced, and some old stone which originally belonged to Trinity Hospital, would be used, and the work would mainly be done by one workman, who would be most careful. By the proposed scheme of Restoration, about 600 square feet of old stonework, which is now covered up would be shown, and no new stone would be put in except where absolutely necessary. After full discussion and consideration of all the circumstances, the Committee felt it would be no use attempting to carry the matter further, and the Hon. Secretary was requested to send a copy of the letter to Mr. Thackery Turner, Secretary to the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings. The following new Members were elected:—Mr. Charles Robert Warner, The Abbey, Leicester; J. R. Abney, Esq., 19 East 86 Street, New York. The resignation of Dr. Pemberton Peake was accepted with regret. Letters were received from Bishop Mitchinson and the Mayor of Gloucester (E. S. Hartland, Esq., F.S.A.), thanking the Society for electing them Hon. Members.

The following were exhibited :— BY MAJOR FKEER:—A small piece of Tesselated Roman Pavement, recently found in Town Hall Lane. Some Photographs of places, taken by Mr. A. B. Wykes, during the Society's recent visit to Gloucester and Tewkesbury. 228 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL

Also by MAJOR FREER :—China War Medal, 1900—Relief of Pekin on bar. Inscription:—"4413 Private T. Williams, 2nd Royal Welsb Fusiliers." The South African Medal (Queen's and King's), the first two bars, Laing's Nek and Belfast; the second two bars, South Africa, 1902 : the reverse of both Medals being the same. Inscription :—8397 Private J. Watson, Gordon High­ landers (92nd). By V. B. CROWTHER-BEYNON, ESQ. :—An interesting Collection of Roman objects, &c., which were much admired, including the following found at Market Overton, Rutland :—Three Roman Keys, a set of Roman Bone Pins, the Arm of a Roman Bronze Statuette, a Roman Bone Pick, some Roman Bronze objects and a Roman Cross Bow Bolt, found at Empingham. Also a series of Photographs of Pottery, being part of a similar find mentioned in Mr. Crowther- Beynon's Paper, read before this Society last year. With refer­ ence to these Mr. Beynon kindly promised to write a supplementary paper for publication, with some of the photographs, in the Transactions. VOTES of thanks were given to the Exhibitors and to the Chairman for presiding.

November 28t/J, 1903. Bi-Monthly Meeting, held at the Society's Room, at the Library of the Old Town Hall, Leicester. THE REV. CANON RENDELL, M.A-, R.D., in the Chair. Apologies for absence were received from Col. Bellairs, V.D., Hon. Financial Secretary; Rev. E. Jackson, Hon. Local Secretary for Lutterworth; and W. B. Bragg, Esq., Hon. Local Secretary for Market Harborough. VOTES of thanks were passed for the following :—To the Royal Archaeological Institute, for No. 238 of Vol. LX. of the Archaeo­ logical Journal; to the Leicestershire Society of Architects, for the Report for 1902-3 ; to the Leicester Literary and Philosophical Society, for Part 3 of Vol. VII. of the Transactions; to Major Freer, for a copy of his Report to the Society of Antiquaries, London, for 1900-2; to Mrs. G. P. Harper, for the Annual Archaeological Report for Ontario. VOTES of thanks were received for Parts 3 and 4 of Vol. IX. of this Society's Transactions, from the Society of Antiquaries, London ; the British Museum, London; the Bodleian Library, Oxford; the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, the Essex Archaeo­ logical Society; the East Hertfordshire Archaeological Society, the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, and the Yorkshire Archaeological Society. AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 229

The following new Members were elected :—Eev. R. C. Green, M.A., Wymeswold Vicarage, Loughborough; John Day, Esq., Architect, New Street, Leicester; Charles Bennion, Esq., Danes' Hill House, Hinckley Road, Leicester ; Robert Rowley, Esq., J.P., Glen House, Glen Magna, Leicester; T. S. Rowley, Esq., Glen Magna, Leicester; Major Sharman Goward, Market Harborough; and Miss Bolus, Lower Hastings Street, Leicester. A Paper was then read by C. J. BILLSON, ESQ., M.A., on "RECENT DISCOVERIES IN KNOSSOS."

Mr. Billson also exhibited a large Plan of the excavated Palace showing the various Chambers and Courts, and a number of Photographs taken during his recent visit to Knossos, all of which were greatly appreciated by the Members present.

A Paper was read by MAJOR FREER (for COL. BELLAIRS) on

"THE HOLY BONES."

The following were then exhibited :— By T. S. ELGOOD, ESQ.—Bronze Plate placed by the Leicester Corporation on a new building, erected 1903, on the site of the old Tower House, and executed by Messrs. Elgood Bros. The inscription on the tablet is as follows:

" These premises, erected in 1903, stand on the site of ' Lords Place,' built in 1569 by Henry 3rd Earl of Hunt­ ingdon. Here Mary Queen of Scots lodged in 1586, King James I. in 1612, and his son Charles in 1642. The face of the Tower forming part of the building stood 8 ft. to the South of this plate." By A. H. PAGET, ESQ.—Some fragments of Pottery, probably mediaeval, lately found during excavations on the North side of High Street near to the West side of Lloyd's Bank.

A hearty VOTE of thanks was given to Mr. Billson for his inter­ esting and instructive Paper, to Col. Bellairs for his Notes on " Holy Bones," and to the Chairman for presiding. 280 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

January 25th, 1904. THE ANNUAL MEETING of the Leicestershire Architectural and Archaeological Society, held at the Society's Room, at the Library of the Old Town Hall, St. Martin's, Leicester. J. W. WARTNABY, ESQ., in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed.

Apologies for absence were received from Col. Bellairs, V.D., Hon. Financial Secretary, The Rev. Canon Rendell, M.A., R.D., Thos. Harrold, Esq., W. Harley Hind, Esq., and Mr. Councillor S. Squire. VOTES of thanks were passed to the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, for a list of Members, &c. for 1903; to the Leicester Literary and Philosophical Society, for Part 4 of Vol. VII. of the Transactions ; to the Powys-Land Club, for Part 1 of Vol. XXXIII. of the Montgomeryshire Collections ; to the Royal Archaeological Institute, for No. 240 of Vol. LX. of the Archaeological Journal; to the Shropshire Archaeological Society, for Part 3 of Vol. Ill of the Third Series of the Transactions, and for a copy of the Official Programme ol the Celebration of the 500th Anniversary of the Battle of Shrewsbury; to the Thoresby Society, for the Publica­ tions for 1903; to the Yorkshire Archajological Society, for Part 68 of the Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, and for the Report for 1903. A letter was read from W. Harley Hind, Esq., enclosing draft proposal for the formation of a Society to be called " The Canter­ bury and York Society," for the transcribing and printing of Bishops' Registers and other Episcopal Records, and expressing a hope that this Society would subscribe. The annual subscription would be One Guinea. After consideration it was decided to join the Society when started. The Report for the year 1903 was then read by MAJOR FREER, Hon. Secretary:—

THE 49TH 'ANNUAL REPORT. ALTHOUGH the obituary list this year is, we are thankful to say, much smaller than in 1902, we have to deplore the loss of several valued members. Cecil George Assheton Drummond, Esquire, of Enderby Hall, was elected a member in May, 1883, he was the son of the late A. R. Drummond, Esquire, of Cadland, Hants, by the Lady Elizabeth Manners, daughter of John Henry, the fifth Duke of Rutland. He was born in 1839. Formerly a Captain in the Rifle FORTY-NINTH ANNUAL REPOBT. 231

Brigade, and afterwards of the 3rd Battalion of the Leicestershire Regiment, D.L. and J.P. for the County, and High Sheriff in -1885. He was an Alderman of the Leicestershire County Council. He will be much missed by his many friends. By the death of the late Matthew Maxwell, at the advanced age of ninety- four years, we lose one of our oldest members. He was elected as far back as May, 1870. In Sir Charles Hampden Wigram, V.D., D.L., and J.P., who was elected a. member and one of our Presidents in January, 1903, we lose one who took the greatest interest in, and was for many years the Chairman of Lloyd's Patriotic Fund for the helping of sick and wounded soldiers and sailors. He received the honour of knighthood m 1902, as a recognition of this useful work. He was late Lieut.-Colonel of the I5th Middlesex, R.V., and was born in 1826. We also have to deplore the loss of Mr. Frederick Bradford Wilmer, of Narborough. He was elected a member on the 3Oth of November, 1891. The following have resigned their membership :—The Reverend H. Symonds (who has left the county), and Dr. P. Peake, Mr. F. Merttens, Mr, C. Bland, and Mr. P. A. Bates. On the other hand twenty-nine new members have been elected, including the Right Reverend the Bishop of Leicester, who was an old member, having been elected in 1877; and Mr. James Lawford, first elected in 1878, who have both rejoined the Society, giving a net increase for the past year of twenty members. We trust this rate of increase may be maintained in the future. The following is a list of the new members :— In January. The late Sir Charles Hampden Wigram, of Harston, and a President; G. W. Lillingston. Esq., J.P, Ulverscroft, Leicester; H. Pickering Clarke, Esq., Wicklif Street, Leicester; T. H. Fosbrooke, Esq., Knighton Road, Leicester; Bernard Everard, Esq., B.A., Woodville, Knighton Park Road, Leicester ; and Mr. P. A. Bates, 34, Friar Lane, Leicester. In March. The Right Rev. the Bishop of Leicester, The Canonry House, Peterborough, and a President; J. Lawford, Esq., Bushby, Leicester; J. T. Spalding. Esq., 22, Villa Road, Nottingham ; W. H. Quarrell, Esq., M.A., 3, East India Avenue, London, E.C.; George Hull, Esq., Clarendon Park Road, Leices­ ter ; Wm. Vial, Esq., Forest Road, Loughborough; and C. W. Kilby, Esq., i, Regent Street, Leicester. In May. John Turner, Esq.. J.P., Stanleigh, Donisthorpe, Ashby-de.la- Zouch ; W. S. Mills, Esq., Melrose House, Stoneygate, Leicester; and W. A. Brockiagton, Esq., M.A., 2, Alexandra Road, Leicester. In July. Sir A. G. Hazlerigg, Bart., Nosely Hall, Leicester, and a President ; S. Goode, Esq., J.P.,; Sunnyside, Hinckley ; A. Rust, Esq., 126, Regent Road, Leicester; and R. E. Martin, Esq., The Brand, Loughborough. In September. C. R. Warner, Esq., The Abbey, Leicester since deceassd ; and J. R. Abney, Esq., 19, East 86 Street, New York. In November. Rev. C. R. Green, M.A., Wymeswold Vicarage, Lough­ borough; John Day, Esq., 8, New Street, Leicester; C. Bennion Esq., Danes Hill House, Hinckley Road, Leicester ; Robert Rowley, Esq., J.P., Glen Magna, Leicester; T. S. Rowley. Esq., Glen Magna, Leicester; Major Sharman Goward, V.D., Ashfield, Market Harborough ; and Miss A. Bolus, 27, Lower Hastings Street. Leicester. We regret that only three Papers have been read last year, as against six in 1902, and appeal to the members to send in Papers to the Hon. Secretaries. The Papers are :—" An Account of the Visit to Gloucester and Tewkesbury, on July 2nd and 3rd," by Major Freer, V.D., F.S.A.; "Recent Discoveries in Knossos," by C. J. Billson, Esq., M.A. ; and " Notes on ' Holy Bones,' Leicester," by Colonel Bellairs, V.D., J.P. Several interesting objects of Archaeological interest have been exhibited at the meetings, especially Roman keys, bronzes, etc., found at Market Overton and 232 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

Empingham, by Mr. V. B. Crowther-Beynon, in October. Mr. Crowther-Beynon has kindly consented to read a Paper on them at an early date. Our thanks are due to Alderman W. W. Vincent (the then Mayor), and to the Town Clerk and Corporation of Leicester for so kindly acceding to the wishes of this Society that the valuable collection of books, etc., should be carefully gone through and repaired, and Mr. H. H. Peach, one of our members, who brought the matter forward, has looked after the work, and has reported as follows:— " I have inspected the printed books and MS. which have been repaired owing to the request made by your Society. As far as possible the old bindings have been preserved; clasps have been put on several volumes to keep them closed and the dust out. Some of the grosser repairs to the Sarum Missal have been removed and more careful work put in to take their place. Vellum end­ papers have been put in most of the books. Several of the smaller books, being imperfect, are of little value, and have been bound too tight, which makes them stand open. I mention this as being rather a common fault of binders ; care should be taken to prevent this. A shelf, with curtains, has been made in the Muniment room, so that in future the books can easily be referred to. The vellum roll and lists of aldermen have been placed in leather cases and lettered on the outside. On the whole, the work has been carried out in a satisfactory manner, and credit is due to those in charge at the Municipal Buildings, for the way they have looked after the work." The Committee feel that they are museh indebted to Mr. Peach for the time and trouble he has given to secure this satisfactory result. At the Annual Meeting, Mr. Peach exhibited a very interesting ancient English Missal, found at Hinckley, in a farm-house, in 1852. The Leicestershire Archaeological Survey is progressing. The Committee has issued its second report, from which we learn that over one hundred volume have been searched, and the six-inch maps of the Ordnance Survey have been examined. A great difficulty is experienced in getting the returns from the various parishes; it is hoped that many more will be sent in during the current year. This Society has voted £2 IDS. to this work, if the other Societies in union will do the same. Donations will be gladly received by the Hon. Secretary, H. A. Roechling, Esq., C.E., Market Street, Leicester, or by the President, Major Freer. We are glad to hear that the Rutland Survey is making good progress. The Society was represented at the Congress of Archaeological Societies by Major Freer, the Hon. Corresponding Secretary. A valuable provisional scheme for recording Ancient Defensive Earthworks and Fortified Enclosures, was pre­ sented to the Congress by Mr. T. C. Gould, and approved. Copies have been presented to your Societies, and will be sent to the Members when received. CHURCH AND OTHER WORK IN THE COUNTY. With respect to the restoration of St. Nicholas' Church, Leicester, the Committee regret that their advice was not taken, but are glad to be able to report that the Vicar, Architect, and the Local Committee, have promised " that every care would be taken that no old stone be disturbed unless absolutely necessary, and that the work would mainly be done by one old and experienced workman, who would be most careful," The Committee have every reason to believe that this arrrangement will be carried out, We should not be doing our duty if we did not place upon record a notice of the memorial which has quite recently been placed in the Cathedral of this Diocese, by his widow, to the revered memory of the late Bishop Mandell Creighton, for some years our valued Patron. It consists of a marble slab of great beauty and interest. The slab is set in the pavement in the second bay from the east end of the south choir aisle. It is substantially a copy of the stone over the grave of the Bishop in St. Paul's, and the two are said to be the only examples of work of the character in England. The slab is of white Sicilian marble, having an incised figure of the Bishop in cope and mitre with pastoral staff. The cope, and a narrow border, are of red Verona, and the arms of Peter- FORTY-NINTH ANNUAL BEPORT——COnt. 233 borough, which appear upon the cope, aud the staff are of yellow Sienna. The head appears to be resting upon a cushion which is filled in with black, and the pectoral cross and episcopal ring are inlaid with blue glass. On the edging is the text, " I determined not to know anything among you save Jesus Christ." A tablet at the foot bears the following inscription:—"In memory of Mandell Creighton, D.D., D.C.L.. LL.D., Bishop of this Diocese for six years, Historian of the Papacy and the Reformation, born at Carlisle, 5th July, 1843, Fellow and Tutor of Merton College, Oxford, 1866, Vicar of Embleton, Northumberland, 1875, Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Cambridge, 1884, Canon of Worcester, 1885, consecrated Bishop of Peterborough, on St. Mark's Day, 1891, Bishop of London, 1897, died I4th January, 1901. ' He tried to write true history.' " The memorial was dedicated on Saturday, December I2th, 1903. Billesdon.—Children's window in baptistry. Bottesford.—The former oak framework, which bore signs of being more than four centuries old, has been replaced by a wrought-iron framework made by Messrs. White & Son, of Appleton, Berkshire. The peal now consists of eight bells, one of which has been recast. In turning the fourth bell it was found to be of the hardest material that Mr. White had ever met with. One of the new bells was presented by the family of the Rector, to the memory of his brother, Mr. T. Vincent Jackson, J.P., F.R.C.S., of Wolverhampton. About £360 has been expended on the alterations. Bowden Parva.—A new pulpit and reading desk have been placed in this Church. Cost £110. Breedon-on-the-HiU.—Ths old churchyard wall has been repaired and a new wall built round the burial ground. Broughton Nether.—The north aisle of this Church has been rebuilt and the interior colour-wash renewed. Cost ^409. Cole Orton.—Two stained-glass windows, lectern, &c., have been placed in the cemetery chapel. Croft.—An infant room has been added to the school. Dally Parva.—The chancel has been panelled with old oak. Eaton.—The tenor bell has been recast. Cost £30. Edmondthorpe.—Memorial gifts of lectern and two oak chairs. Gaddesby.—A chiming clock costing £110 has been given. Gilmorton — Stained-glass has been put into clerestory windows. Glen Magna.—The organ has been repaired and a new stove placed in this church. Glenfield.—Nave and chancel refloored. Harby.—The organ has been moved into the chancel, and two stops added. The Vestry is now completed. Cost £150. Hemington.—The chancel has been re-bound to the nave, and the roof and walls clamped together, with other necessary repairs. Houghton-on-the-Hill.—The interior of the walls has been carefully re­ paired, and in so doing portions of Early English sedilia were found in the north aisle, and left exposed. New oak gates have been placed in the churchyard. Illston-on-the-H'dl.—Stained-glass window and memorial organ have been placed in this church. Kegworlh.—The spire has been repaired and the bells rehung. King's Norton.—The roof of the Church has been repaired. LEICESTER :— Belgrave, Parish Church.—New choir stalls, heating apparatus, and chambe floor relaid. Organ repaired, Cost £800. St. Michael.—Permanent fence round one-third of churchyard. All Saints.—The roof has been re-slated. 284 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

St. John the Eaangelint.—In April last, the Bishop of Peterborough dedicated the new chancel arch screen, given by Mr. and Mrs. Running. The screen is of wrought iron, and of the finest quality of metal, measures seventeen feet between the chancel arch piers, and is richly mounted upon plinth and three steps of polished Belgian black marble and Verde Antico. It is composed of seven bays, with crocketted gablets, the central bay, which is six feet wide, projecting in the form of a porch, and in the cusping of the arch of this bay are shields bearing the emblems of the four Evangelists, engraved and enamelled on bronze metal. The lower portion of the screen is charmingly treated with a grilled railing, as well as the upper parts in delicate design of scroll work, with flowers and foliage. The open cresting forms one of the most beautiful features in the whole screen, with its lovely forged terminals and overhanging sprays of lilies, as well as the bold effect of the fleur-de-lis that grasp each side of the stone piers. The cross is a picture of choice design, and is very tenderly executed, and the whole of the screen has been kept exceedingly light and transparent, so that the beauty of the decoration of the chancel is not in any way obscured from view. The whole of the design was made and very carefully prepared in its detail, by Mr. C. H. Lohr, A.R.I.B.A., and the screen is the work of Messrs. Thomas Brawn & Co., of Birmingham, who are well-known for their excellence as eccle­ siastical metal workers. Their forging of constructural parts is a speciality, and the delicacy and richness in detail a masterpiece of craftsmanship. A new wrought-iron railing for the pulpit steps, by the same firm, also forms part of Mr. and Mrs. Bunning's gift to the church, as well as the new polished HoptonWood stone steps to the pulpit, which have been erected by Messrs. Thrall & Son, of Leicester. The marble work on which the screen is placed was entrusted to Messrs. John Thompson & Co., of Peterborough, who have also executed the new carved oak choir stalls. Cost £1,140. St. Luke.—Spire repointed and repaired. St. Martin.—On November I2th, a noteworthy service was held in St Martin's Church, in connection with the unveiling of a memorial window and tablets erected to the memory of the men of the Leicestershire Regiment, who died in Egypt and South Africa, in the years 1899 to 1902. The window was designed and erected by Messrs. Clayton & Bell, and commemorates those who gave their lives in South Africa. It consists of five lights with numerous tracery openings of Fourteenth Century character. In the centre light is a figure of our risen Lord, as the conqueror of death. In a small panel beneath, the two angels of the sepulchre are represented bearing tablets inscribed with the words : " He is not here, for He is risen as He said." In each of the other lights is represented a military character—Joshua and David as warriors of the Old Testament, followed by the Centurion as referring to the early Christian Church, and St. George symbolic of later times, and the Saint in whose name the Regimental Chapel was dedicated. Beneath the figure of Joshua is the scene of his command to the sun to "stand still;" under that of David that of his victory over Goliath. With Cornelius is given the incident of his baptism, and with St. George his triumph over the dragon. In the opening of the vertex of the window is displayed the badge of the regiment, and near this are introduced angels bearing olive branches and palms. At a lower level, within four openings, are the words, "Thanks be to God which giveth us the victory." Within the canopies above the principal figures, angels bear scrolls, bearing respectively, "Watch ye," "Stand fast in the faith." "Be strong." The names of 131 officers, non-commissioned officers, and men, are upon marble tablets beneath the window. The inscription runs : " To the Glory of God, and in memory of the officers and men of the Leicestershire Regiment, who were killed in action or died of wounds and disease in the South African War, 1889-1902. This window and tablet is dedicated by the four Battalions of the Regiment." namely, the ist, 2nd, 3rd (Militia), and the ist Volunteer Battalion. FORTY-NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 285

A brass erected by the znd Battalion, records the names of those who fell in Egypt, as follows:— " To the Glory of God, in memory of the undermentioned officers, non- commisioned officers and men of the 2nd Battalion Leicestershire Regt., who departed this life while serving in Egypt, 1900-1902. A cross marks the spot in the Military Cemetery where most of their bodies lie buried." (Here follow 42 names.) "Erected by the Officers, N.C. Officers, and men of the 2nd Battalion." The scene at the service was most impressive, The chief part of the churoh was filled by the troops of the various Battalions of the Leicestershire Regiment, under the command of their officers. Previous to the service a muffled peal was rung upon the bells, and before the service commenced the band of the znd Battalion played as a voluntary, Mendelssohn's " O rest in the Lord." Colonel McKinstry asked General Utterson, on behalf of the regiment to unveil the memorial window and tablet. General Utterson in acceding to the request, expressed his sense of the privilege he felt it to be to unveil the memorial, the gift of the four battalions of the regiment. He referred to the fact that the ist battalion of the regiment was the premier regiment in the field when war was declared, having been stationed at Ladysmith at the time. It underwent the long siege of Ladysmith and continued fighting until the end of the war. The second memorial was erected by the 2nd Battalion, in remembrance of the soldiers from that battalion who died in Egypt. General Utterson also unveiled a third memorial to the memory of Lieut.- Col. F. F. Parkinson, of the Army Pay Department, who served for many years in the Leicestershire Regiment, which was erected by his widow and son. Chopin's " Marche Funebre " was played by the organist (Mr. Chas. Hancock, Mus. Bac.), and the "Last Post" twice sounded: first within the church and then outside, on the south front. The final voluntary was played by the band of the 2nd Battalion of the Regiment. St. Mary.—The organ was renovated at a cost of £200. St. Paul.—A new clergy vestry has been built. Cost £160. St. Stephen.—This church has now been completed at a cost of ^2,000, a large portion of this was given by the Leicester Church Extension Society. The new part was consecrated by the Bishop of Peterborough, on October 4th. A chancel and three bays to the nave have been added. Externally, the church has gained immensely in dignity from the increase of size and also through the addition of two porches, both on the north wall. Within, vast changes have taken place, and the edifice seems quite transformed, principally through the addition of a chancel, organ loft, and vestries, Of these last there are two, one for the choir and one for the clergy. The first is a spacious chamber, larger than is usual for the purpose, while the second, placed behind it, is also most con­ venient. It is to be fitteil with a safe, desk, &c. Both vestries are fitted with pine panels, and are connected with the hot water system which has been selected for heating the church. Leading out of the choir vestry are the steps to the organ loft, which is again most commodious, and capable of holding the present organ, while leaving ample room for instrumentalists on such occasions as these are needed. A special feature of the construction is a classroom over the clergy vestry, which it is anticipated will be valuable for meetings of con­ firmation classes, &c. The chancel is laid with black and white marble squares, somewhat after the chess-board pattern, and the sanctuary has white stairs and black steps of polished marble. There are to be handsome hangings for the east end, a centrepiece of red brocade with green and gold curtains draped on either side. The old choir stalls are to be used pending the acquisition of new and better ones. The builder, Mr. J. Chapman, has promised to give one stall, and the other is written among list of requirements. The panels of the roof are of a warm brown, stained and varnished, and veined with dark green rafters. The acoustic properties of the building, it is satisfactory to hear, are excellent. There are three entrances, one near the vestries for the clergy, and two at the west end. The total cost of the church has been about ^4,000, £300 being still wanted. 236 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL

Lutteruiorth.—The churchyard has been enlarged from the glebe and a wall built at a cost of £120. Markfield.—A new bell has been placed in the church together with an altar and reredos. Melton Mowbray.—The church has been lighted with electric light. Mountsorrel, St. Peter's.—A memorial chiming clock has been placed in the tower. Cost £200, Snibston.—The churchyard has been refenced at a cost of £60. Quorn.—The schools have been enlarged at a cost of £1,100. Ratby.—A new vicarage has been built at a cost of £1,500. Slawston.—A parish reading room has been built. Somerby.—The tower and roof of the church have been repaired. Stathern.—The outside of this church has been repaired. Stretton Magna.—A heating apparatus has been placed in the church. Swepston.—Churchyard wall has been built. System.—A children's window has been placed in this church. Theddingworth.—The bells have been rehung and the tenor recast. A gift. £215- Thurmaston.—New memorial pulpit and lectern. Cost £100. Whetstone.—New vestry and organ chamber repaired. Cost £337. Wigston Magua.—Tower and chancel of parish church restored, £1,265. Wigston Magna, St. Wolstan.—Spire restored.

ACCOUNTS FOR THE YEAR 1903.

RECEIPTS. PAYMENTS. £ •• d. £ s. d. To Balance in hand • • 53 9 i By Rent and Salaries .. 500 ,, Subscriptions and Arrears 100 i o ,, Subscription overpaid .. o 10 o „ Corporation Interest .. 2174 ,, Printing Society and Asso­ ,, Sale of Books, &c. .. o 15 6 ciated Societies' Transac­ tions . .. 98 12 6 ,, Subscriptions, &c. .. 320 ,, Sundries .. ..080 ,, Balance .. .. 49 10 5 /I57 2 ii £157 2 ii

Audited and found correct, J. W. WARTNABY, G. C. BELLAIRS, Hon. Auditor. Holt. Treasurer. January 2yd, 1904. The Report and Accounts were unanimously adopted. The following new Members were elected :—T. H. Ryder, Esq., M.A., East Avenue, Clarendon Park, Leicester; Rev. T. C. Moore, Appleby Rectory, Atherstone; H. H. Thomson, Esq., F.R.I.B.A., Halford Chambers, Leicester. AND AKCH.EOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 237

The Patrons, Presidents and Officers of the Society were unanimously re-elected, and hearty votes of thanks for their ser­ vices during the past year were given to Major Freer, V.D., F.S.A. (Hon. Corresponding Secretary), The Rev. S. Thorold Winckley, M.A. (Hon. Editorial Secretary), Col. Bellairs, V.D. (Hon. Financial Secretary), and J. W. Wartnaby, Esq. (Hon. Auditor). The following were exhibited :— BY J. FBWKES, ESQ.—Some Chinese Cash and Roman Coins. VOTES of Thanks were given to the Mayor of Leicester, for the use of the Society's Room ; to the Editor of the Leicester Adver­ tiser, for reporting the Meetings of the Society; and to the Chairman for presiding.

March 28th, 1904. Bi-Monthly Meeting, held at the Society's Room, at the Library of the Old Town Hall, Leicester.

THE REV. CANON RENDELL, M.A., R.D., in the Chair.

Apologies for absence were received from Colonel Bellairs, V.D. (Hon. Financial Secretary), H. A. Roechling, Esq., C.E., the Rev. H. Bryan, M.A. and the Ven. Archdeacon Stocks.

The Minutes of the Annual Meeting were read and confirmed.

VOTES of thanks were passed to the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, for Part 4 of Vol. X. of the Proceedings; to the Shrop­ shire Archaeological and Natural History Society, for Part 1 of Vol. IV. of the Third Series of the Transactions.

MAJOE FBEEE made the following Report with reference to the proposed alterations to Trinity Hospital Chapel.

"I have to report that, Mr. T. H. Fosbrooke and myself called on Mr. Goodacre on the 14th of March, 1904, who kindly showed us drawings of the Chapel and of the proposed alterations. We subsequently saw the work in progress, and are pleased to report that the Chancel Arch, which is a fine one, has been opened up by the removal of the plaster ceiling. Two new arches on the old sites will be built on the line of the present walls of the Hospital. Four large windows are being inserted, which will be made more in character with the Chancel by adding some cusping to the 238 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL

tops of the lights. Externally the old casing of brick will be removed and replaced with granite. Mr. John Goodacre has kindly promised to lay the plans before the Members at the Meeting on the 28th. He will take care to preserve as much of the old work as possible. The Chancel is left intact. The Boards with the names of Donors upon them have been carefully removed, and will be replaced upon the restoration being completed."

Mr. T. H. Ashby's resignation was accepted with regret. The following new Members were elected:—Alderman A. E. Sawday, Mayor of Leicester, 14, Springfield Road, Clarendon Park, Leicester; Alfred Corah, Esq., 113, Princess Road, Leicester; A. Sollory, Esq., 3, Albert Road, Stoneygate, Leicester; The Rev. P. H. Bowers, M.A., The Rectory, Market Bosworth; The Rev. A. R. Birkenhead, B.A., Market Bosworth; Dr. R. J. Leeper, Market Bosworth; The Rev. Wilfrid G. Hodges, The Rectory, Broughton Astley, Rugby; Miss E. M. Dallington, The Hill, Lutterworth.

A very able and interesting Paper was then read before the Society by V. B. CROWTHER-BEYNON, ESQ., of Edith Weston, Stamford, a Member of the Society, on

"ANGLO-SAXON REMAINS FOUND AT NORTH LUFFENHAM, RUTLAND," being supplementary to one delivered by him before the Society in March, 1902.

A VOTE of thanks was accorded to Mr. Crowther-Beynon for the Paper, which it was resolved to print in the Associated Papers.

The following were then exhibited :— By V. B. CROWTHER-BEYNON, ESQ. :—Two Roman Vases re­ cently found at North Luffenham. By EDMUND BLAND, ESQ. :—A Roman Ring, early in the Its Century, with Bezil of gold representing Rome as a female figure; found in High Street, opposite the Arcade, in November, 1903.

It was RESOLVED to visit Rockiugham, Stamford and neigh­ bourhood for the Annual Excursion.

A VOTE of thanks was given to the Chairman for presiding. aAND ARCH.EOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 239

May 20th, 1904. Bi-Monthly Meeting, held at the Society's Room, at the Library of the Old Town Hall, Leicester. THE REV. CANON RENDELL, M.A., R.D., in the Chair. Apologies for absence were received from Col. Bellairs, V.D., The Rev. S. Thorold Wiuckley, M.A. (Hon. Secretaries), and H. A. Roechling, Esq., C.E.

The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. VOTES of thanks were passed to the Royal Archaeological Institute, for No. 240 of the Archaeological Journal; to the Clifton Antiquarian Club, for Part 15 of Vol. V. of the Proceed­ ings ; to the Kent Archaeological Society, for Vol. XXVI. of the Archaeologia Cantiana; to the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology, &c. for Part 3 of Vol. II. of the Proceedings ; to the Rev. Canon Rendell, for Part 15 English Topography of the Gentleman's Magazine Library.

A letter was received from A. H. Bennett, Esq., reporting the finding of a Roman Urn in a sand pit near to Rothley Station, not far from the stone coffin previously discovered. The Urn with its contents, consisting of broken bones, &c., had been removed to a shed in the stable yard at Rothley Temple, and as soon as dry the contents would be sifted to see if there might be anything besides the bones and ashes. The Hon. Secretary also reported, with regret, the deaths of George Stevenson, J.P., J. H. Goodacre and A. E. Peach, Esqs. Mr. Stevenson was elected a Member of the Society as far back as the year 1866, and for many years attended its meetings as a Member of the Committee, and took a great interest in the work of the Society. Mr. Goodacre was also an old and valued Member. The following were elected Members of the Society:—William T. Thompson, Esq., Knighton House, Stoneygate, Leicester; John Goodacre, Esq., Friar Lane, Leicester. The Hon. Secretary reported that the Excursion Sub-Committee had made arrangements for the Society's Visit to Stamford, Rock- ingham Castle and the neighbourhood. The arrangements met with the full approval of the Members present. MAJOR FREER and W. H. QUARRELL, ESQ. were re-elected as Delegates to the Archaeological Congress. u VOL. IX. 240 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL

The following were then exhibited :— By COUNCILLOR S. SQUIRE ;—Two old Charters recently pur­ chased by the Leicester Corporation at Messrs. Sotheby's Sale of MSS. and Books belonging to the late F. Benthall, Esq., of Hexton, on the 15th April last:— 1191—1204.—Charter from Earl Robert Fitzparnel releasing Burgesses of Leicester from payment of moneys for reaping corn lands, &c. This Charter and translation is given in Vol. I. of Leicester Records, page 8. Miss Bateson's version is from the Vellum Book (or Chartulary) copy in the possession of the Corporation. 1239 or earlier.—Charter from Simon de Montfort expelling Jews from Leicester, probably dated before 1239. This Charter is not referred to by Miss Bateson, as no copy was in the possession of the Corporation. In Nichols, Vol. I., i. App., p. 38, No. 13, a latin copy of this Charter is given, and the seal is reproduced in the plate fig. 2, which faces page 99 of the History and Antiqs. of Leicester in the same volume. With the late Mr. Benthall's papers was found correspondence dated 1886-7, between Alderman Stevenson of Leicester and him­ self, relating to these Charters which the Corporation were desirous to recover, and upon the box containing the Charters was written, " To be handed to the Leicester Corporation when called for." It is assumed that these Charters were once in the possession of the Corporation, and afterwards purchased by Mr. Benthall from a dealer in MSS. At the date of Mr. Jeffreson's Index (1877) it was evidently thought that the Charter of Simon de Montfort would eventually be recovered. See pages 12 and 13. Copy of SIMON DE MONTFORT'S CHARTER forbidding Jews to live in Leicester:— " SIMON DE MONTFORT son of Count Simon de Montfort, Lord of Leicester, to all Christ's faithful people who shall see and hear this writing—greeting in the Lord. Know all of you that I have granted, for the health of my soul and the souls of my ancestors and successors and by my present Charter I have confirmed from me and my heirs for ever to my burgesses of Leicester and their heirs, that no Jew or Jewess, in my time or in the time of any of my heirs till the end of the world, shall dwell or stay or have residence within the liberty of the town of Leicester. I will and AND ARCH.EOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 241 order that my heirs after me shall keep this liberty whole and uninjured to the said burgesses and warrant the same for ever. And in witness thereof I have strengthened the present Charter with my seal. These being the witnesses : Sir Almaric de Muterun. Sir Walter de Ayvile. Sir Roger Blund, Chaplain. William de Anet the bailiff of Leicester. Will. Basset. Will de Martiwall and others. NOTE.—As Simon de Montfort calls himself "dominus" and not Earl, the Charter probably dates before 1239.

The following were also exhibited :— By THOS. HABHOLD, ESQ. :—Four Old Ordnance Maps of Lei­ cestershire, Lincolnshire, Staffordshire, and Derbyshire. Also a Collection of Old Prints and an Old Dutch Brass Tobacco Box.

A hearty VOTE of thanks was given to the Exhibitors and to the Chairman for presiding.

July 25tfc, 1904. Bi-Monthly Meeting, held at the Society's Room, at the Library of the Old Town Hall, Leicester

REV. HUGH BBYAN, M.A., in the Chair.

The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed.

Apologies for absence were received from the Rev. Canon Rendell, M.A., Col. G. C. Bellairs, V.D., (Hon. Financial Secre­ tary), and .1. W. Wartnaby Esq. (Hon. Auditor).

MAJOR FREER referred to the death of the Rev. C. Henton Wood, M.A., a lormer Member, and sometime Hon. Librarian of the Society, and one who for many years had taken the greatest interest in the Society's work. VOTES of thanks were passed to the Derbyshire Archaeological and Natural History Society for Vol. XXVJ. of the Journal; to the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, for Vol. LIV, of the Transactions; to the Oxfordshire Archaeological Society, for the Reports for 1903; to the Shropshire Archaeological Society, for Part 2 of Vol. IV. of the Third Series of the Transactions; to the Historical and Antiquarian Society of Stockholm, for its 242 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL

Publications for 1898-9, and 1901-2; to the Surrey Archaeo­ logical Society, for Vol. XVIII. of the Collections; to the Viking Club, for Part 3 of Vol, III. of the Saga Book. MAJOR FREER reported that he attended the Archaeological Congress held at Burlington House, on the 6th July, his colleague, W. H. Quarrell, Esq., M.A. not being able to be present. Lord Balcarres was in the chair, and there was a good attend­ ance. With respect to the question of Local Records, he moved a Resolution, which was carried: that His Majesty's Government be requested to have the Bill which has been drafted, read a first time in the House so that it could then be printed and circulated. A full Report of the Meeting will be published in due course. Several interesting matters were discussed. A complaint had been received with reference to the condition of the stonework round "King Dick's" Well, at Bosworth Field, and the Society requested to use its influence to have the same repaired and prevent further damage being done. Enquiries had been made into the matter, with the result that the Agent to the Estate had kindly promised to have the stone­ work repaired, and a notice board erected. The Hon. Secretary reported that after payment of all expenses with reference to the Society's Excursion to Stamford and the neighbourhood, there was a sum of £1 in hand, which had been handed over to the Hon. Treasurer. The Excursion was a very enjoyable one and much appreciated. A very hearty VOTE of thanks were given to the following, for contributing to make the Excursion such a great success : to the Rev. Wentworth Watson, for taking the party round Rockingham Castle; to J. C. Traylen, Esq., for acting as guide round Stam­ ford ; to S. P. Pick, Esq., for describing various places of interest; and to the Rev. Hugh Bryan, for kindly entertaining the party to Tea at Lyddington. The following were elected Members of the Society:—J. C. Traylen, Esq., A.R.I.B.A., 16, Broad Street, Stamford, as a rejoining Member ; and Mrs. Sarah Sloane, Enderby, Leicester. The following were exhibited:— By C. TOLLEMACHE SCOTT, ESQ. :—A Spear Head found at Bosworth House, 2 feet 6 inches below the surface, 14 years ago, during some excavations for draining purposes. Also a fine Collection of Gold, Silver, and Bronze Coins found AND ABCH^SOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 243

at Bosworth House, at various times. These include:—A Spade Guinea found under Dining-Room; Two Queen Anne Guineas; Queen Anne 4d. piece; George I. ^-Guinea; George I. Id.; George III. 6d; Edward VI. Silver Coin, found under Yew Tree at Bosworth, which was planted in 1689; Two Richard II. and Richard III. Groats; Two very rare Silver Coins, with Mint marks of the Boar's Head; A £5 Gold Piece; A Roman Caesar Augustus Gold Coin, in a very fine state of preservation. Two pieces of Glass (part of the necks of Wine Bottles), found at Cadeby Hall, with the crests of the Dixie and Buswell families on the same. Also Two Old English Clay Pipes. VOTES of thanks were given to the Exhibitors and to the Chairman for presiding.

September ZQth, 1904. Bi-Monthly Meeting, held at the Society's Room, at the Library of the Old Town Hall, Leicester. THE REV. CANON RENDELL, M.A., R.D., in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Apologies for absence were received from Col. G. C. Bellairs, V.D., and the Rev. S. Thorold Winckley, M.A., Hon. Secretaries. VOTES of thanks were passed to the Essex Archaeological So­ ciety, for Part 3 of Vol. IX. of the New Series of the Transactions; and for Part 5 of the Essex Feet of Fines; and to J. Chalkley Gould, Esq. (Hon. Secretary) for copies of the Report of the Committee on Ancient Earthworks and Fortified Enclosures, presented to the Congress of Archaeological Societies on the 6th of July last. MAJOR FREER read the draft of the proposed Bill for making better provision for the Custody and Preservation of Local Records. The object of the Bill is to carry into effect the recommendations of the Committee appointed by the First Lord of the Treasury in 1899 " to enquire and report as to any arrangements now in operation for the collection, custody, indexing and calendaring of Local Records, and as to any further measures which it may be advisable to take for this purpose." The following Resolution was passed:— " That this Society approves generally of the principles of the 244 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL

Bill subject to the alteration that the borrowing powers given to County Councils be extended from 30 to 40 years, and to the County Councils being included in the Schedule."

The Hon. Secretary reported that complaints were received as to the way in which the Old Cross at Billesdon was being repaired by the Parish Council, and a request as to whether anything could be done by this Society to put a stop to the alleged acts of vandalism. After discussion the Hon. Secretary was requested to communicate with Dr. Williams, of Billesdon, on the subject. He also reported, with reference to the restoration of Trinity Hospital Chapel, that a meeting had been held that day with the result that it was resolved to place a door in the restored North doorway instead of bricking the same up as originally intended.

The following new Members were elected:—The Rev. H. E. Whinfield, B.A., Arnesby Vicarage, Leicester; W. Langham, Esq., Ashby Magna Cottage, Lutterworth.

The following were exhibited :— By MAJOR FREER (for COUNCILLOR SQUIRE) :—A series of Photographs taken on the occasion of the Society's visit to Stam­ ford, Burghley, Rockingham and neighbourhood last June. By MAJOR FREER :—A Plan showing the old walls of the house in the Newarke lately occupied by Col. Bellairs, which had been sent for the use of the Society by Mr. Mawbey, the Borough Surveyor. Mr. Mawbey stated that the documents found in one of the chimney breasts when the house was demolished, had been handed over to the Town Clerk.

A VOTE of thanks was given to the Chairman for presiding.

November "28th, 1904. Bi-Monthly Meeting, held at the Society's Room, at the Library of the Old Town Hall, Leicester.

THE REV. CANON RENDELL, M.A., R.D., in the Chair.

Apologies for absence were received from Col. Bellairs, V.D. (Hon. Financial Secretary) and Thos. Harrold, Esq.

A VOTE of thanks was passed to the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, for The Annals of Gonville and Caius College, by John Caius, M.D.; Edited by John Venn, Sc.D. 1904. AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 245

The following were elected Members of the Society:—Sir W. de W. Abney, K.C.B., Measham Hall, Atherstone (and a Presi­ dent); W. S. Alien, Esq., Rose Hill, Atherstone; Evan Barlow, Esq., 16, Friar Lane, Leicester; J. L. Dexter, Esq., 2, Storer Road, Loughborough; H. H. Gimson, Esq., Rothsay, Victoria Road, Leicester; H. J. Grace, Esq., Enderby, Leicester; W. B. Paget, Esq., Southfield, Loughborough; The Rev. W. G. Whit- tingham, B.A., Kuighton Vicarage, Leicester. The Hon. Secretary read a letter from the Clerk to the Billesdon Parish Council with reference to the Billesdon Cross Restoration, stating that the restoration had been completed before the receipt of the letter from this Society, and that the work had been carried out as far as possible on the lines of the original. It was also stated that the plinth had been added to form a support for the base of the shaft, which was considered to be unsafe. Under the circumstances the Committee thought that nothing further could be done. The Hon. Secretary reported the uncovering of a portion of the mediaeval wall in Millstone Lane, and stated that the position of the wall was in line with other recent discoveries. MAJOK FEEEE stated that the Society would celebrate its 50th Anniversary next year, and was authorised to make preliminary arrangements. With reference to the printing and publishing of the Marriage Licence Bonds for Leicestershire dating from 1570 to 1748, now being put into alphabetical order by Mr. Hartopp, it was stated that the British Record Society was willing to join in publishing. Mr. Hartopp said that the cost of arranging these documents for publishing would be about £30 or £40 for the two Societies. This amount to be spread over a period of at least 5 years. It was RESOLVED " That this Society joins the British Record Society in publishing the Marriage Licence Bonds, the Society's moiety of the cost not to exceed £20, and the payment of this sum to be spread over a period of at least 4 years." The following Papers were read :—

By MAJOE FEBEE (for J. C. TEAYLEN, ESQ., A.R.I.B.A.):— AN ACCOUNT OF THE SOCIETY'S VISIT TO STAMFORD AND BUEGHLEY, ON THURSDAY, JUNE 23ED, LAST. 246 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

By S. PERKINS PICK, ESQ., F.R.I.B.A.:—

AN ACCOUNT OF THE SOCIETY'S VISIT TO KIRBY HALL, AND BUCKINGHAM CASTLE, ON FRIDAY, JUNE 24iH, 1904.

The Papers were much appreciated, and it was RESOLVED to print them in the next Part of the Transactions.

VOTES of thanks were given to Mr. Traylen and to Mr. Pick for the Papers, and to the Chairman for presiding. OXFORD—BALLIOL COLLEGE AND THE MARTYRS' MEMORIAL.

OXFORD-THE ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM. From photos by Coi'Ncii I.OK S. SQUIRK. (To /ace pane _'/7) ANNUAL EXCURSION. 247

THE ANNUAL SUMMER MEETING, 1901. BY MAJOR FREER, V.D., F.S.A.

THE Members and friends of the Society visited Oxford, on Monday, June 10th, under the guidance of the Hon. Secretaries, Col. G. C. Bellairs, V.D., Major Freer, and the Rev. S. Thorold Winckley, M.A. About 85 left Leicester by the Great Central Railway, and reached Oxford at 12.5 p.m. After lunching at the Randolph Hotel, the Party was met by James Parker, Esq., M.A. (who kindly acted as guide when the Society visited Oxford in 1881). After passing the Martyrs' Memorial and the Taylor Buildings, St. John's College was visited. Mr. F. C. Beyne kindly conducted the party over the College, which was founded by Sir Thomas White, twice Lord Mayor of London, and a Merchant, in 1555. (Sir Thomas White's name is well known in Leicestershire as the founder of Sir Thomas White's Charity, for granting loans without interest to deserving young men). The Hall was the Refectory of St. Bernard's Monks, though much modernized as to its windows and interior. The Library is most interesting: it was built in 1596, the second room by Archbishop Laud in 1631, from designs by Inigo Jones. The Archbishop's walking stick and cap are still preserved. There are portraits of the founder (as Alderman), and Archbishops Laud and Juxon. We then reached the beautiful garden through the Quadrangle, by a passage with fan-tracery ceiling. Then under the guidance of the Sub-Curator, Mr. Balfour, we were conducted over the University Museum. The Members were much interested in seeing a portion of the valuable Pitt-Rivers Collection of flint aud bronze implements, the leading features being lucidly explained. Keble College Chapel, Quad, Hall, and Library, were next visited. In the Library were the valuable collection of Illuminated Books given by the late Dr. Liddon in 1890. After passing Wadham College, the party saw the Chapel garden and Library of Exeter College. In the Chapel was a fine piece of Tapestry, "the Adoration of the Magi," designed by the late Sir E. Burne-Jones, and worked under the supervision of the late W. Morris. After tea the party visited New College. The gardens were much admired, and here Mr. Parker gave an interesting address on the history of the College, with extracts from the various old Charters, and especially one relating to the terms which were 248 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY. imposed on the College to repair for ever the City wall so far as it bounded the College Property. This College was founded by William of Wykeham, in 1386, and the buildings remain for the most part as they were erected in the founders time. In front of the Tower are three Gothic niches and statues, with S. Mary the Virgin in the centre, the Founder, and an Angel kneeling on either side. The Chapel, Hall, Cloisters, and groined gateways, remain, in their exterior at least, as originally built. There are some of the original stained-glass windows in the Chapel. The great West window was painted by Jervais, from designs by Sir Joshua Reynolds, and begun in 1777. Here is kept the silver-gilt pastoral staff of the founder. The Tower (supposed to have been his last work), is built on the site of one of the bastions of the City wall. This with the Cloisters was consecrated in 1400. Ascending by a long flight of steps in the Muniment Tower, the Hall is reached, in which is a series of Portraits, beginning with William of Wykeham, 1404. The upper rooms in the Muniment Tower continue in their original state, with groined ceilings and tiled floors, as also the Kitchen with its open timber roof, and large fireplaces. Some of the party attended the beautiful service in the Chapel at 5 o'clock. After inspecting the Old City Wall (with its alure or walk on the top), the Church of St. Peter's in the East was then visited, tinder Mr. Parker's guidance. The Crypt and Chancel were built about 1150. The Crypt is 36 by 20 feet, and 10 feet in height, the vaulting is of semi-circular arches of hewn stone. The present entrance is from the outside, through a massive buttress ; there were originally two winding staircases, one on either side, leading from the Choir, one of which remains. At the western end are three openings, the centre a chamber for a shrine. The Chancel has the ribs of the vaulting ornamented with the chain ornament. Those of the party who did not mind a climb, then visited the Radcliffe Library, and enjoyed the fine view from the top, and thoroughly appreciated Mr. Parker's description of the City, as viewed from North, South, East and West.

Tuesday, June \\ih.~ At 9 a.m. the party walked, or went by tram, to Magdalen College, where the Rev. John L. Myers, F.S.A., President of the Oxford Architectural and Historical Society, kindly conducted them round.

SQUIRE.

S. S.

OXFORD.

COUNCILLOR COUNCILLOR

COLLEGE, COLLEGE,

by by

photos photos

MAGDALEN MAGDALEN

Fiom Fiom

218}

page page face face ANNUAL EXCURSION. 249

This College was founded by Bishop Waynflete in 1474, and completed in 1481. On entering, on the extreme right, is a curious pulpit of stone, from which it was customary that a University sermon should be preached on St. John the Baptist's Day, on which occasion the pulpit, ground, and building, were strewn with boughs and rushes. The gateway being the principal entrance to the Cloisters, with a groined roof, is under a tower of good proportions. Between the President's Lodgings, rebuilt in 1888-9, and St. Swithun's Tower, stands Grammar Hall, a picturesque remnant of Old Magdalen Hall. The Chapel was completed in 1480. The Altar piece, " Christ hearing His Cross," is ascribed to Ribalta, a Spanish painter. In the Hall are portraits of the Founder, Bishop Fox, Princes Henry and Rupert, and Cardinals Pole and Wolsey. The oak wainscot was, put up in 1541, and is carved in linen pattern, with illustrations of the history of St. Mary Magdalen. The Kitchen is of great antiquity, and probably was the original kitchen of the Hospital of St. John the Baptist. After passing along the beautiful Cloisters, the Library, which occupies the west side of the great quadrangle, was visited. Here is a large collection of books and illuminated MSS., including a copy of St. Chrysostom's Works in Greek, of llth century, &c. The party then walked to Merton College, under the guidance of Mr. Parker and one of the Fellows. This College was founded at Maldon in 1264 (transferred to Oxford 1274), by Walter de Merton, Bishop of Rochester, and . The Chapel, formerly the Church of St. John the Baptist, was built 1264-1310. The Transepts in 1414, and the Tower in 1444. Over the gateway are figures of the Founder, Henry III., and St. John the Baptist preaching. In the Chancel are some fine memorial brasses, 1387, 1420, and 1471. On the South side of the Quadrangle is the old Hall, circa 1320, restored with care by Sir Gilbert G. Scott, in 1872. The Muniment Room is of the same period with a curious roof of stone. On the South side of the Mob Quad is the old Library, built by William Rede, , in 1349. This College is the fortunate possessor of a lovely garden, and a terrace walk on a portion of the Old City Wall. Here Mr. Parker read an interesting paper on the history of the College, showing that so far as documents are concerned it has the priority in respect to its foundation over all other establishments of the kind, and the original statutes of Merton appear to have formed a model for other similiar bodies, both at Oxford and Cambridge. 250 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

On reaching Canterbury Quadrangle, the party was met by Bishop Mitchinson, Master of Pembroke, and a former President of the Society, and proceeded into Peckwater Quadrangle, where the sight of the flowers on every window-sill was a great surprise, thence into the Cathedral, under Mr. Parker's guidance. St. Frideswide founded a religious house in Saxon times. She died in 740. The Nuns were supplanted by Secular Canons in 1004. The present Church was enlarged and restored by Prior Guismond about 1120. The North aisle was built in 1220, and the Latin Chapel in 1380. The Priory was surrendered to Henry VIII. in 1545. In 1546, the new See of Oxford was connected with " the Cathedral Church of Christ in Oxford," being a unique case of the union of a Cathedral and a Collegiate Foundation. The exquisitely wrought fan-traceried roof of the Choir, seems to have sprung naturally from the Norman columns of the earlier building. In the Latin Chapel is the reputed shrine of St. Frideswide, the tombs of Alex. de Sutton, Prior, 1294-1316, Sir Geo. Nowers, 1425, and Bishop King, last Abbot of Osney, and first Bishop of Oxford. The Chapter House, a fine building in the Early English style, is entered through a massive Norman doorway. Passing under the Belfry tower the Hall is entered. This is the grandest of all the mediaeval halls, except Westminster. Built in 1529, it was repaired after the fire in 1720. Amongst the large collection of Portraits are those of Cardinal Wolsey and Henry VIII., and of modern Portraits, Mr. Gladstone and Dr. Pusey. The " Tom " Tower, containing Great Tom, from Osney Abbey, re-cast in 1680, is over the Great Gateway, and was added by Sir Christopher Wren about 1682. Crossing the road, the "Master" then conducted the visitors to his house, and subsequently over the College, which was founded by Thos. Tesdale, Esq., twice Mayor of Abingdon, and Richard Wightwicke, B.D., in 1720. Dr. Johnson's rooms were on the second floor over the entrance gateway. After visiting the Chapel and Library, the party lunched in Hall with the " Master." On the High Table the College Plate was displayed. The kitchens were afterwards visited, and a hearty VOTE of thanks passed to the Bishop for his hospitality. The Sub-Librarian of the Bodleian Library, F. Madan, Esq., F.S.A., next conducted the party over All Souls' College, with its fine carved reredos in the Chapel, which is the handsomest in Oxford. The arrangement of the figures is as follows : at the top of all is represented The Last Judgment. Beneath are two rows of figures representing saints and historical personages. ANNUAL EXCURSION. 251

In the centre of the upper row (beneath St. Michael) is St. John the Baptist. Beginning on the left the figure represented is Edward, Duke of York, killed at Agincourt 1415, and three others. Five on the right: Thomas, Duke of Clarence, killed at Beauge in 1421, and four others. The lower row of all has in the centre the Crucifixion. The five persons on the left begin with (at whose expense the Eeredos was restored), who died 1878. On the right five, beginning with Henry VI., who died in the Tower in 1471. Then to the Sheldonian Theatre and to St. Mary's Church, where the Vicar gave an interesting account of the building, and a graphic description of Archbishop Cranmer's trial before the Pope's Legate; and on to the Bodleian Library, which was founded by Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, in 1445. A portion of this building still remains over the Divinity School. The Library was enlarged and restored by Sir Thomas Bodley, from 1598 to 1612. At the present time over 600,000 bound volumes are contained in this Library, and amongst other treasures are 30,000 volumes of MSS., including works by the Ven. Bede, Milton and Chaucer, and the Shelley Collection of Autograph Poems, &c. The Picture Gallery contains Portraits by Holbein, Lely and Vandyke. In the Hope collection of Engravings are about 26,000 portraits, some very rare. Mr. Madden gave an able address on the Library and its contents, which those present would have liked to see in print. The party, after passing VOTES of thanks to Mr. Parker, Mr. Madden and the Hon. Secretaries, returned to Leicester by the 5.22 train, having had a most enjoyable visit in every way. 252 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

A BRIEF NOTICE OF THE WORK THE SOCIETY HAS AC­ COMPLISHED DURING THE FIFTY YEARS OF ITS EXISTENCE, being a Paper read at the Jubilee Meeting of the Society by THE REV. W. G. D. FLETCHER, M.A., F.S.A.

I HAVE been asked to prepare a short paper in connection with the Jubilee of this Society, giving some account of the work which it has accomplished during the 50 years of its existence. I possess no special qualifications for this task. I am not one of the oldest members of the Society,—for I joined it, I think, only about 1875; but having edited its publications for some sixteen years, after the death of Mr. Thomas North, in February, 1884, I was during that time able to see some of the good work which it accomplished. The Society was established on 10th January, 1855. It owes its origin to the labours of two or three distinguished archae­ ologists now passed away, chief amongst whom was the Rev. J. M. Gresley. Of the patrons, presidents, and committee appointed at the first meeting, the venerable Mr. Thomas Ingram, who for the first twelve months served the office of Hon. Secretary, alone now survives. Of the first members appointed at that meeting, the Financial Secretary (Colonel Bellairs), whom we are delighted to see with us to-day, is the only one now living. The present Duke of Rutland (then Lord John Manners), was elected a President of the Society during the first year. Many of us will remember the late Duke of Rutland, Sir Frederick Fowke, Sir Arthur Grey Hazlerigg, and Mr. Wm. Perry-Herrick, who were all officers of the Society from its commencement, all of whom have passed away. In looking back over the work of the Society, the first thing that naturally occurs to us is the long list of distinguished antiquaries, many of whom have long since passed away, some of them of world-wide fame, who were connected with the Society. Such names as the Rev. John Morewood Gresley, James Thompson (whose " History of Leicester" has never been surpassed by any historian of any other town), Thomas North (whose numerous books on bells have made his name a household word amongst campanologists, and whose book on St. Martin's Church has constantly been referred to in Ecclesiastical suits), Wm. Napier Reeve (a most learned historian), William Kelly (the author of " Royal Progresses "), the Rev. John Harwood Hill (author of the " Gartree Hundred"), the Rev. Andrew Trollope (who has left us the best book on Church Plate that has yet seen the light), Thomas Rossall Potter (the historian of Charnwood), will occur to A'BRIEF NOTICE OF FIFTY YEARS* WORK. 253

us at once. Of our Leicestershire antiquaries, Hill, North, Potter, Thompson were considered by the Editors of the "Dic­ tionary of National Biography," to be worthy of more than local honour, and biographies of them are printed in that great Dictionary. All these distinguished antiquaries have left us, in the nine volumes of our own Transactions and in the twenty-seven volumes of the Associated Societies' Reports and Papers, a vast number of learned Papers, dealing with the archaeology of the County of Leicester and elsewhere. Our own Transactions, though not so voluminous as those of some other Societies, yet contain a vast amount of very valuable material. The Athenceum, in reviewing one of our volumes, justly described it, as containing much good solid matter, without any padding. This is true of all our volumes. The objects of the Society have always been, " to promote the study of ecclesiastical architecture, general antiquities, and the restoration of mutilated architectural remains within the county ; " and the Society has always offered its help in " furnishing sugges­ tions for improving the character of ecclesiastical edifices, and for preserving all ancient remains " which it considered of value and importance. And when its advice has been sought in the restoration of any church, it has ever been ready to appoint a sub-committee to visit the church and issue a report thereon. The Society has always taken a very keen interest in promoting the study of ecclesiastical architecture, and the conservative restoration of the ancient churches of Leicestershire. Year after year its Reports have dealt with every case of Church building or restoration that has taken place in the County during the preceding twelve months, whilst all additions and gifts to the Churches have been recorded, even down to comparatively trivial moveable ornaments. So that in future any local historian, dealing with the history of any church, will find in the Reports all details ready to hand. The advice of the Committee has constantly been sought by the Clergy and others engaged in restoring their Churches, and I venture to say to the very great gain of the parish. Even professional architects themselves are not always careful in preserving old work; they will sometimes destroy old work solely on utilitarian grounds. A case occurs to my mind in which, in a certain church, there were three or four of those beautiful deeply splayed semi-circular headed, narrow, Norman windows, in very good condition. The architect, to whom the restoration of the church was entrusted some 13 years ago, was not altogether pleased with the size of these windows, and drew out a set of plans, in which these narrow lancet windows were all to foe swept 254 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY. away and some large 19th century windows of his own devising in­ serted instead. Fortunately, however, owing to the presence of some antiquaries on a Diocesan Committee, to whom application had been made for a grant towards the restoration of the church, this architect's nefarious designs on these ancient windows were frustrated, aud the windows are still present in the church. (This was not in Leicestershire.) Our own local Committee have always striven jealously to prevent the unnecessary destruction of old work. Some 21 years ago, some internal work was being done at Lutterworth Church, a building of which all Leicestershire men are justly proud, on account of its association with Wyclif, who was appointed rector there by King Edward III. on 7th April, 1375. Our Society appointed a Sub-Committee to visit the Church, and to report on the work that was being done. The visit was duly made, and the Sub-Committee issued a detailed report, in which they expressed their opinion that the decorations that had been recently carried out on the chancel arch, and on the walls of the chancel and aisles and west end of the nave, was bad both in colouring and design, and utterly out of harmony with the building, and consequently incapable of assisting the devo­ tional thoughts of the worshippers. And they made suggestions for a more fitting adornment of the walls of Lutterworth Church. The result was that the work of adornment was, temporarily at all events, suspended. I merely mention this as an instance of the way in which the Society has striven to protect historic monu­ ments, and to prevent their defacement. It has exercised a wholesome influence in the formation of a correct taste as regards the public edifices of the county,—the churches and chapels, houses, and buildings of every kind; and it has helped to create in the minds of many a desire to carefully repair and restore the decayed ancient buildings of the county. The Society has always kept a sedulous watch over such objects of antiquity as the Jewry Wall, the Roman Pavements and other relics of Roman Leicester, the Newarke Gateway, the Trinity Hospital, and the old buildings in that most delightful part of old Leicester, the remains of the Abbey, &c., &c., and it has striven to prevent the destruction of such buildings as these by railway companies and builders, who look at everything simply from a utilitarian point of view, and who are (as antiquaries know) sadly lacking in conscience. It might be productive of good results if the Committee would issue a Circular (signed by the Patrons of the Society and the Chairman of Committee), setting forth the advantages accruing to a town which possesses ancient buildings, and the harm entailed to it by their destruction. If such a circular were drawn A BRIEF NOTICE OF FIFTY YEARS* WORK. 255

up and printed, and distributed amongst members of town and county councils, &c., it might have a good effect upon local authorities, in inducing them to use their influence to stop the wholesale destruction of our ancient buildings. Most excellent work has been effected by the Society in the long series of Papers, which year by year have been issued in its Transactions and in the Associated Societies' Volumes. These papers have dealt with nearly every point of archseological and antiquarian research connected with the county. The future historian of any Leicestershire parish, or of any particular period in the history of the county taken as a whole, will find in these papers abundance of materials ready to hand. I except, from this general statement, the Palaeolithic and Neo­ lithic ages. These have never yet been worked out in the Society's papers. An occasional find of a stone implement has now and then been recorded ; but there has been as yet no systematic attempt made to trace the presence of Neolithic man in Leicester­ shire. There have been remarkably few workers in this field hitherto. One of the most delightful was the Rev. Selwyn C. Freer (a brother of Major Freer, our Hon. Secretary), but he is not now living in England ; and what became of his finds I know not. They ought to find a resting place in our Leicester Museum !* The number of specimens of flint implements located in the Museum is remarkably small, one of the poorest collections of local speci­ mens that I have ever met with. Leicestershire is probably rich in the remains of Neolithic man ; and possibly traces of Palaeolithic man may be found here also. This field of research offers wide scope to the Leicestershire antiquary. All known finds of the Bronze Age have been recorded in the Transactions; and papers have been written about the various British camps and barrows, and the Celtic place-names left us in the County, and the tribe of the Coritani who peopled it. With reference to Mr. Read's remarks about the opening of barrows,f I think there has as yet been very little, if any, systematic opening of our Leicestershire barrows. The Roman period has elicited a number of willing workers ; the papers are numerous and excellent. Foremost amongst the writers on this period is our venerable Hon. Secretary, Colonel Bellairs, who has made a special study of Roman Leicestershire, and whose contributions to our Transactions on this period are * Since this paper was read the Rev. Selwyn C. Freer has passed away in S. Africa. He presented his fine collection to the British Museum on leaving England.—ED. + This refers to the preceding paper read by Mr. C. H. Read, F.S.A., on "The Old Museum and the New," published in The Associated Papers for 1904. , W VOL. IX. 256 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY. valuable and numerous. The Roman and British camps in the County have also been well dealt with by various writers. And the frequent discoveries of Roman pottery, coins, &c., &c., have all been duly recorded in the Transactions. No period has been so thoroughly worked out as the Roman occupation. The discoveries from time to time of Saxon remains, as ceme­ teries, at Melton, Saxby and elsewhere, pottery, &c. have all been duly recorded. And the Danish influence on the County has been worked out in a paper by Mr. Thomas Carter. The period succeeding the Norman Conquest, and the erection of Norman Castles and strongholds in the County, was a special study of Mr. James Thompson. Then we have that excellent Survey of Leicestershire in the reign of Henry I., preserved -in the P.R.O., which shows the gradual change from Wapentakes to Hundreds. It was first brought to light by Mr. J. H. Round, but owing to the kindness of Mr. Justice Joyce, we have a photographic copy of the original in our Transactions. When we come to the Mediaeval period, excellent papers have been written on the Battle of Bos- worth, and on the foundation and growth of the Abbeys and Priories; and especially o f the Abbey of Leicester, much docu­ mentary evidence has been collected, though it still remains for the practical ecclesiastical antiquary to excavate the site within the walls, and bring to light the exact position of the monastic buildings. The other monastic houses have not been so fully dealt with. The period of the Civil War, in which this town and county took so long and so prominent a part, has been very fully worked out, particularly by Mr. James Thompson. A great deal of matter relating to the ecclesiastical history of Leicestershire has been published, and also concerning old Leicestershire families. It has been very wide in the manner of subjects dealt with. Heraldry, and photography, ancient charters and wills, rare books, painted glass, coins, tradesmen's tokens, pavements, have all received attention. We have begun to print some of the vast stores of unpublished documents which are preserved at the Public Record Office, British Museum, and at Lincoln. But very much more remains to be done in this direction. The Society would do well to follow the example of Staffordshire, Lancashire, Cheshire, Yorkshire, and other counties, and print in the Transactions more record matter. We are too apt to think that Nichols' bulky eight volumes contain all that ' is necessary for the topographical writer; but this is not so. Vast stores of documents have come to light since Nichols' day. His work is wonderful for the time in which he lived; but it is after all only a collection of materials. A BRIEF NOTICE OP-FIFTY YEARS* WOBK. 257

And no place-history could be written to-day, with Nichols only to fall back upon. The Society might be able to give a good deal of help in the preparation of the " Victoria Counties History" of Leicestershire, and so assist in producing a good up-to-date history of the County. And it might also help on the Canterbury Society, and expedite the printing of the Lincoln Episcopal Registers. With­ out some such help, it will be a vast number of years before many are published. T venture to throw out these suggestions. In point of numbers there has always been a good complement of subscribing members. In its first year 96 members were enrolled ; they now number more than 200. The cheapness of the subscription, and the issue of the yearly parts, have always helped to keep the numbers large. And the members generally have taken an interest in the Society's work. The Society has, I think, succeeded in grafting a love of the study of archaeology in many of its members. And it has exercised a wide influence throughout the County in inducing the owners of ancient and historical remains to preserve them carefully. Whilst by its constant meetings, and careful record of the Antiquities exhibited at them, and by its wealth of papers printed in its Transactions, it has rendered their work easy to future historians of our Leices­ tershire towns and villages. . I have tried, though I have but very imperfectly succeeded, in giving you some account of the work accomplished by the Society during the fifty years of its existence. The Society has a great- future before it, and a great work still remains for it to do. 258 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

VISIT TO GLOUCESTER AND TEWKESBURY, JULY 2ND AND 3RD, 1908. BY MAJOR FREER, V.D., F.S.A. ON the invitation of the Master of Pembroke, the Right Rev. Bishop Mitchinson (then Canon in Residence), about 40 Members and friends left Leicester on July 2nd, by the Midland Railway, for Gloucester, lunching en route. Gloucester was reached at 1 o'clock, and at 1.40, the Party, under the guidance of the Rev. Canon Bazeley, the Hon. Secretary of the Bristol and Gloucester­ shire Archaeological Society, passed through the Great Gateway of St. Peter's Abbey, then by the Monument of Bishop Hooper, and visited the Church of St. Mary de Lode, which was a Norman Church, built on the site of a Roman Temple, said to have been used as the first Chriltian Church in Britain. The Tower and Chancel were old, the Nave having been re-built (1825). This Church was the Parish Church of Gloucester. It derives its name from a passage which used to cross a branch of the river Severn, but for many years the stream has been filled up. The remains of St. Oswald's Priory were next seen. This Priory was founded by Ethelfleda, and endowed by her 1000 years ago. It remained in good repair until the siege of Gloucester, by Charles I. A portion of the llth Century work still exists, and built into the wall is a Saxon pillar. After passing the Abbots' Lodgings and the ruins of the Early English Infirmary, the Cathedral Close was reached, and a fine view of the East end of the building was obtained. Under the Lady Chapel there is a unique passage, which was made in the time of Edward IV., in order to enable the monks to reach the general burial place as well as their own, which were on the North and South sides of the Abbey respectively. Alfred, of Beverley, mentions Gloucester by its British name of Caer-Glow. The Romans called it Glevum and Claudiocestria, and the Saxons Gleawcestre and Glowecester. A tesselated pave­ ment, 80 feet by 20 feet, was found in East Gate Street more than 100 years ago. In 679 A.D., Wulfere, the first Christian King of Mercia, founded a Monastery at Gloucester, and his brother, Ethelred, in 681, authorised Osric, Viceroy of the Hoviccii, to build a Church in honour of St. Peter. In this year Kyneburga, sister of Osric and Oswald, was the first Abbess. She was succeeded by Edburga in 710, and in 785, by Ena, the third and last Abbess. Beowulf, King of Mercia, restored the Monastery for the secular clergy in 821, and in 1022 it became subject to the TEWKESBURY.

GLOUCESTER—ST. OSWALD'S PRIORY.

From photos by ARTHUK WVKKS, Ksy. (To face page 258) ANNUAL EXCURSION. 259 Benedictine rule, established by Canute, at the instigation of Wolstan. The Abbey was burnt down in 1087, but was re-built between 1090 and 1100 by Abbot Serlo. Thirty-two Abbots had presided over the Abbey, when it was surrendered by Gabriel Morton to Henry VIII., and in 1541, that King created Gloucester the See of a Bishop (John Wakeman, the last Abbott of Tewkesbury and Chaplain to the King, was appointed on the 3rd of September, in that year), and constituted the dissolved Abbey a Cathedral, and re-dedicated it to the Holy and Undivided Trinity. In 1836, the See was joined to that of Bristol, but in 1897 the two Dioceses were again separated, Dr. C. J. Ellicott retaining the See of Gloucester. The Cathedral is a structure of cruciform shape, and consists of a nave, choir, North and South transepts, several ambulatory chapels, cloisters and crypt, with a fine tower that combines dignity and grace, and is a conspicuous landmark for miles round, and was begun by Abbot Seabrooke in 1450, and finished by Kobt. Tulley (afterwards Bishop of St. David's), in 1457. The choir was built between 1337-1377; the South porch 1421- 1437 ; the Lady Chapel 1457-1498 ; and the grand East window, which illustrates the enthronement of the Blessed Virgin Mary 1340-1352. The South porch is a fine example of tabernacle work. On the Western side of the doorway is the statue of Abbot Serlo, and on the Eastern that of King Osric. Over the doorway are the figures of St. Peter and St. Paul, with those of the four Evan­ gelists in the remaining niches on either side. In the niches of the buttresses are the four fathers of the Western Church, St. Jerome, St. Ambrose, St. Augustine, and St. Gregory. On entering the Cathedral, the party was met by the Very Rev. H. D. M. Spence (the ), who very ably explained the leading features of the building : he said that the nave was the very purest Romanesque, Tewkesbury Abbey being almost the same, but the pillars there were a little taller ; both were built by the same Architect, the difference being that the nave of Tewkesbury was a trifle smaller. The columns were nearer together than usual, so that the arches that spring from them are of small span. They have plain bases and capitals, but the arches have many mouldings. The vaulting is high pitched, but comes low down on the walls of the nave, springing from clustered columns. The Dean said that the art of vaulting was at one time lost, and that especially on the Continent very few of the roofs 260 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY. remained of the period when it was first being introduced. He also said that this nave might strike one as cold and bare, but it must be borne in mind that the pillars were undoubtedly painted, and also there were probably at least a dozen altars scattered here and there, and the roof was probably trabiated. He considered that the red stains at present to be seen on the great Norman pillars and in the South transept, were owing to a conflagration which had taken place when the original roofs were destroyed. A distinct cant is noticeable in the walls of the aisles of the nave. Archbishop Laud, when Dean, said, that Gloucester Cathedral was the worst built building he knew. The great West window is very fine. It was filled with stained glass in 1858, at the cost of Canon T. M. Browne, in memory of Bishop Monk, who died in 1856. It represents miracles of healing and raising of the dead by Christ. In the South aisle is a monument, supporting effigies, said to be those of Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford, and his wife. Round the Earl's neck is the earliest specimen of the S.S. collar. Many and various are the explanations offered as to the origin of this. In the reign of Edward II., a great wave of Architectural enthusiasm took place, which passion was probably brought by the Crusaders from the East. After this King's death, Abbot Morment wished, if possible, to apply the large sums of money placed at his disposal, upon the completion of the Abbey. He began his work upon the South Porch. Nothing can exceed the beauty of this porch, which, together with the West front and two arches and pillars at the West end of the nave, is all his work between l-i'20 and 1437. The South transept has no clerestory, but large windows of •perpendicular character. The South window is very large, and the gable above it has the ogee form. The wall underneath this window, and the turrets which flank it are the original Norman work. There is here a celebrated freemasons' bracket, covered with masonic symbols. In ancient days small windows only were built, because they were less likely to admit missiles ; and the Norman builders applied this rule to their Churches. But when these extensive alterations took place they wanted more light; hence the mag­ nificent windows such as are one of the marked characteristics of this Cathedral. We see here the first great window in the Perpendicular style in England. The Norman chevron is seen in the window, with the new form of decoration running round it. A great buttress is also seen, it GLOUCESTER CATHEDRAL, THE SOUTH PORCH. From a photo by COUNCILLCR S. SQUIRE.

(To face page 260) ANNUAL EXCURSION. 261

was no doubt put there by the perpendicular builders in the reign of Edward III., with a view to support a great tower; this was done 120 years before the tower was begun. In spite of this flying buttress there is a very obvious cant which has to be carefully watched. At the entrance to the cvypt the beginning of flam­ boyant Architecture is distinctly visible. In the crypt, three chapels remain entire. The side aisles and Eastern chapel (including the crypt) are all vaulted and are three stories high ; this arrangement is supposed to be unique. The Crypt corresponds and is co-extensive with the choir transept and their chantry chapels. It is divided into a nave and aisles by two rows of cylindrical columns, and the vaulting is nearly ellyptical, very plain and massive. There can be no question about the age of this part of the building. It cannot be less than 1000 years old. The columns were probably previous to that date. There Edward the Confessor worshipped. Whether the place was also used as a tomb cannot be decided. Broken fragments of stone, &c., are stored in the chapels beyond the crypt. The original Lady Chapel is seen, and is all that Anselm knew as a Lady Chapel in his day. In the Choir the Perpendicular work is seen. Abbot Wigmore in 1337-1377, overlaid the old Norman arches and pillars with this work, chipping away all that was needed, and putting on beautiful work. In one place it can be seen that the workmen have cut away more than they need have done. Architecturally the choir is ruined because it is represented to be what it is not. Not only did they make the greatest tower, but the greatest window in England. This they managed to do by making the window in the shape of a bow, and the result is the largest in the world. The beautiful glass was given by LordBraxton, to commemorate the battle of Cressy: it contains a number of coats of arms of those Gloucestershire Nobles and Knights who fought there, and that of Edward, the Black Prince. The white glass is also interesting because it is filled with little air bubbles. This was first noticed by Mr. Middleton, the Director of the South Kensington Museum. The Window represents the twelve Apostles, and in one compartment Our Lord is beckoning his Mother to take a seat upon a throne in heaven. It was completed about 1350, when the black death was raging in Gloucester, The organ dates from 1668. On the right hand of the old high altar is a stately canopied tomb; it is a large and 262 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY. gracefully designed monument of Perpendicular work, of the date of the early years of King Henry VIII., with the effigy of a King crowned and sceptred. On the carved stone loculus beneath the canopy rested this kingly effigy. The stone figure somewhat rudely carved, repre­ sented an old man with a flowing beard ; lying upon his breast was a model of the Abbey of Gloucester. In black characters of a partly effaced inscription was written :—" Osricu-Rex (primus fundator) Huj (Mouasterii 681)." The Dean then said, "Canon Bazeley called my attention to the notes which Leland made in 1540, one of these ran as follows:— " Osric Founder of Gloucester Abbey first laye in St. Petronell's Chapell, thence removed into our Lady Chapell and thence removed of late dayes, and layd under a fayre Tomb of stone on the North side of the high Aulter. At the foot of the Tomb is this written on a Norman pillar ' Osricus Rex primus fundator hujus monasterii 681.' "On the night of the 7th January, 1892, after the Cathedral was closed, accompanied by Canon St. John, the sub dean, and Mr. Bazeley, the Librarian, the sub-sacristan, two skilled Masons, and Mr. Waller the Architect, I caused two panels on the South side of the stone loculus to be removed and at once a long leaden coffin was disclosed lying exactly beneath the King's effigy. The upper end of the leaden coffin had fallen in, apparently crushed by the weight of the stone figure of the King, which was then seen to form the lid of the outer stone loculus, thus exposing to view the contents of the lead coffin. " It was a solemn moment. The old grey Cathedral was dimly lit by a few lamps whose flickering light half veiled, half revealed the mighty Norman pillars of the choir ambulatory, with the delicate lace work of Perpendicular tracery carved upon them by the monk artists of the days of King Edward III. The dim gold- work of the sanctuary gleamed here and there above our heads as pale shafts of the lantern lights fell upon the Gothic fancies of the reredos. " It was a weird and striking scene that winter night as we stood and silently gazed on the coffin whose existence no man living had ever suspected, the coffin which held the sacred dust of the once famous Northumbrian King, who had done so much in his stormy work-filled life for his Master's religion, and who nearly twelve centuries back had founded the stately Abbey. " Thus in our search we had verified beyond all doubt the state­ ment of Leland in 1540-1 concerning the translation of the body ANNUAL EXCURSION. 263 of the Royal founder of the ancient Abbey and religious house of Gloucester. " From this night those who love the glorious Cathedral rebuilt by Serlo, Lanfranc's friend, the Chaplain of William the Conqueror, will be conscious of another sacred treasure enshrined within the old walls of their beloved minster. " They will often reverently gaze at the beautiful tomb hard by the high altar, the tomb built up by the pious care of Morton, the last sad Abbot of the Great house; and as they gaze they will remember that beneath the carved canopy, beneath the sculptured effigy, rest the hallowed dust of Osric the Northumbrian King, who after his stormy life, chose the Abbey by the Severn as his last earthly home nearly twelve hundred years ago." * An altar tomb of wood supporting an effigy should not be over­ looked. It represents Robert, Duke of Normandy, the eldest son of William the Conqueror, who died in 1134. The Shrine-like tomb of Edward II. is a superb example of that kind of sepulchral monument and of the style of Architecture in which it is built. It ought to be mentioned to his honour that Abbot Thokey carried the. dead body of the murdered King from Berkeley Castle to this Abbey, in a carriage made for the purpose, covered with the arms of the Abbey, when the monasteries of Bristol, Keynsham and Malmsbury refused to receive the Royal corpse, through fear of Mortimer and the Queen. When it arrived at Gloucester it was received by the members of the Abbey in procession and buried with the utmost pomp on the North side of the Church near the great altar. This very laudable act was of immense advantage to the Abbey, for not only did Edward III. give many grants of great value to it, in consideration of the respect and expense incurred by that respect in the funeral of his father, but the Tomb was after­ wards visited by pilgrims and devotees from all nations, who regarded the murdered King as a sort of Martyr, and so great were the offerings made by those visitors, that many parts of the edifice were rebuilt and beautified, and it is said that after some time the gifts amounted to a sum sufficient to rebuild the whole Church. The Lady Chapel at the east end beyond the Choir is very beautiful and is singular in its form, being much narrower at its Western than its Eastern extremity, and having chantry chapels in the form of transepts. Abbot Henley began this chapel between the years 1457 and 1472, and it was finished by Abbot Farley. This is the monks' last great piece of work before the crash came

* "Cloister Life in the days of Coeur de Lion. 1 ' Dean of Gloucester. Isbister & Co., London. 1892. p. 173 et seq. 264 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

in 1540 when they were still at work. It is difficult to know what they intended to do; most likely they meant to fill all the windows with coloured glass. On taking leave of the party the Dean was heartily thanked for his most interesting account of the Cathedral. Evensong was at 4 o'clock, when the Service was " Nares in C," the Anthem being " Withdraw not thou,'' Attwood. The treble solo was finely rendered, A. H. Brewen being the Organist. After service the party went to the Guildhall, where they were received by Sidney E. Hartland, Esq., F.S.A., Mayor of Gloucester, and the Mayoress, and hospitably entertained. In the Council chamber the interesting collections of Charters, Rolls and Corpor­ ation plate were exhibited, the following account of which was kindly supplied by the Mayor. CITY OF GLOUCESTER. NOTES AS TO ANCIENT CHARTERS, &c. In 1888 the Corporation (on the recommendation of the His­ torical Manuscript Commission) engaged Mr. W. H. Stevenson to arrange and calendar the ancient Manuscripts, and to translate and edit a very interesting Rental of all the Houses in the City in 1455 ; and the Historical Manuscript Commision then instructed Mr. Stevenson to make a Report on the Records. The Rental was published in 1890. The original document is 33 feet in length, and is written in Latin in two columns, with a space between representing the street, the houses on each side being described in their order, commencing at the Cross and pro­ ceeding along each of the four main streets, the side streets being dealt with after the main street from which they branch off. Drawings are given of various Churches, &c. in the space repre­ senting the street. On the back is an elaborate pedigree of the Kings of England from William the Conqueror to Henry VI. written in English. The Report of the Historical Manuscript Commission is printed in Part IX. of the Appendix to the 12th Report of the Commission which was published in 1891. The calendar of the Corporation Records was published in 1893. The ancient Muniments referred to in the calendar comprise :— I. Royal Charters of Liberties (Nos. 1 to 33) commencing with one of King Henry II. (1155), and ending with one of King Charles II. (1672). II. Other Royal Charters and Letters (Nos. 34 to 82) between the dates 1229 and 1642. ANNUAL EXCURSION. 265

III. Local Deeds and Charters (Nos. 83 to 1294) between the dates 1175 and 1690. IV. Burgess and Rent Rolls, &c., and V. Books, including Council Minutes from 1486, Chamberlain's 'Accounts from 1550, Lease Books from 1540, Letter Books, Tolsey Court Books, &c. &c. ROYAL CHARTERS, &c. (la) The earliest Charter is one of King Henry II. (1155) which after greeting &c., proceeds:—"Know ye that I have granted to my Burgesses of Gloucester the same customs and liberties throughout all my land of toll and of all other things as the better Citizens of London and those of Winchester had at any time in the time of King Henry my Grandfather. Wherefore I will and firmly enjoin that my aforesaid burgesses shall have fully all those liberties and free customs and acquittances, so that no one shall do them therein any wrong or shame or damage." This very important Charter only occupies 8^ lines on a piece of parchment 63- inches, by 3£ inches. (Ib) Charter of King Richard I. (1194) confirming the Borough to the Burgesses to hold at ferm rendering yearly £55. (1.9) Charter of King John (1200) confirming the Borough to the Burgesses at the said rent, granting freedom from toll, and other privileges to the Burgesses of the Merchant's Gild, and directing the Burgesses to choose two of the more lawful and discreet Burgesses to keep the Reeveship of the Borough, and four to keep tho pleas of the Crown, &c. (3) Charter of King Henry III. (10th August, 1256). (4) Charter of King Edward I. (24th October, 1302). This Charter authorised the Burgesses to have a Fair to last 7 days from the eve of St. John the Baptist (June 24th). (5) Charter of King Edward III. (20th December, 1328). By this Charter the King, in honour of the body of his father which lies buried at Gloucester, confirmed existing privileges, and granted that the Burgesses should be quit of various charges throughout the whole kingdom. (6) Charter of King Richard II. (27th March, 1378). (7) Another Charter of King Richard II. (21st March, 1397-8). (8) Charter of King Henry IV. (4th December, 1399). 266 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

(10) Charter of King Henry V. (5 February, 1414-15). This Charter has a good impression of the Golden Seal. (12) Charter of King Henry VI. 10th July, 1447). This Charter bears a good impression of the Silver Seal, which (except as to legend and privy mark), is identical with the first Seal of Henry IV., known as the Bretigny Seal. The privy mark shown on this Seal was made only a few days before this date, as appears from the Privy Council Records. (15) Charter of King Richard III. (2nd September, 1483). This Charter directed the Burgesses to elect a Mayor, and incorporated the Burgesses in the name of the Mayor and Burgesses of the Town of Gloucester. It authorised the carrying of a sword before the Mayor, and the ap­ pointment of Sergeants at Mace. It also separated the Borough from the County, and made it the County of the Town of Gloucester. (18) Charter of King Henry VIII. (3rd September 1541). This Charter founded the Bishopric of Gloucester and made Gloucester a City. It contains a very interesting description of "the Abbottes Lodgynge" now the Bishop's Palace. (19) Grant by King Henry VIII. (llth September 1542) of the reversion of the Manor of Abbot's Barton and other lands. This grant is expressed to be made both on account of the sincere affection the King bore towards the City as well as in consideration of j£493 14s. 2d. paid by the Mayor and Burgesses, and it forms the root of the title to much of the property of the Corporation. (24) Charter of Queen Elizabeth (20tb June, 1580), constituting the Port of Gloucester, and making the Gloucester Quay, commonly called " The Kynges Kaye," a lawful and proper place for the loading and discharge of ships, &c. (27) Exemplification (dated 4th August, 1657) of an Act of Parliament (1656) granting the Cathedral of Gloucester, the Cloisters, Library and Free School House, &c. to the Mayor and Burgesses of Gloucester for the public worship of God, the education of children in learning, and such other public and char­ itable uses as the Mayor and Burgesses may deem fit. This document bears a good impression of the Seal of Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector. ANNUAL EXCURSION. 267 (28) Charter of King Charles II. (18th April, 1672) confirming and extending the privileges of the City. This Charter occupies 13 skins of vellum. ANCIENT DEEDS. The Muniments of the Corporation comprise a large collection of local Deeds, including 571 of the 13th century, of which about 250 are earlier than the year 1250. Most of these Deeds are in excellent preservation. Many have appended good impressions of early Seals, some bearing impressions of Roman intaglios or of Seals bearing devices copied from Roman Gems. The following characteristic specimens of these ancient deeds are arranged in a frame for inspection :— NO. IN CALENDAR. 83 (75) 1175-1190 Grant from William of Saucei to Ranulf Pinel of land in Gloucester. 94 (83) ab. 1200 Grant from William Theintona of a rent of 6d. to the House of St. Bartholomew. Ill (102) ab. 1200 Lease of a Bakehouse without the Eastgate. 117 (114) ab. 1200 Grant of rent of land to Hospital of St. Bartholomew. 150 (134) ab. 1200 Grant from John of Suthwic to -Richard of Heidun, with Amicia his daughter in free marriage, of 4 acres of land and " a rent of a pound of pepper, which '' Walter of Paris pays for the pasture " of six oxen and other liberties." 164 (149) ab. 1200 Grant by Serlo, son of Wibert the Skin­ ner to Edith, daughter of Philip Carbonel of land in Gloucester. 124 (201) ab. 1210 Grant by Richard of Muchegros to the Hospital of St Bartholomew, Glou­ cester of land and rents. Of the rents 4/- were assigned for the main­ tenance of a lamp in the Hospital, 4/4 to be spent in shoes for 18 poor people of the Hospital, and 5d. to be put as the beginning and in aid of 5 beds in the said Hospital. 240 (204) ab. 1230 Demise by John of Gosedich of land without the Eastgate. The Seal shows a fortified gateway. 268 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

200 (235) ab. 1200 Grant of land. Interesting Seal. 215 (277) 1225-1229 Confirmation of a grant to Hospital of St. Bartholomew. 892 (881) 1338 Remission of rent by Adam Abbot of St. Peter's, Gloucester, to the Prior and Brethren of Hospital of St. Barth­ olomew. Sealed with secretum or privy seal of the Abbot. 925 (914) 1344 Release to Hospital of St. Bartholomew of right of patronage of Parish Church of Newnham. 986 (925) 1347 Agreement between Prior of Hospital of St. Bartholomew and Provincial of • Order of St. Mary of Mount Carmel as to water supply. Seal of the Friars Carmelite attached. 966 (956) 1857 Agreement between Abbot and Convent of St. Peter's, Gloucester, and the Guardian and Convent of the Friars Minor of Gloucester, as to water supply. Seal of the Friars Minor attached: 1049 (1039) 1401-2 February 27th. Release from John atte Halle to the Prior of the Hos­ pital of St. Margaret, and the Brethren and Sisters of the same. The Deed states that because the seal of the said John atte Halle was unknown to many people, he had pro­ cured the seal of Office of the Bailiffs of Gloucester to be affixed thereto. 1050 (1040) 1402 Grant in exchange from Guardian of Friars Minor, of Gloucester, to the Bailiffs and Stewards of Gloucester, of laud in the South Street. Seals of Friars Minor attached. 1176 (1165) 1483 Agreement with the Stewards of Glou­ cester for rebuilding a House by the Black Friars Gate, the price to be £14. DOCUMENTS WITH INTERESTING SEALS. 981 (971) 1365 April 4th. Lease. Impression of early Borough Seal. ANNUAL EXCUKSION. 269

1038 (1028) 1398 August 10th. Lease. Impression of second Borough Seal. 1089 (1079) 1425 September 20th. Agreement between Stephen, Prior of the Hospital of St. Bartholomew, of Gloucester, and the Brethren of the same, and William, Abbot of St. Mary, of Hayles, and the Convent of the same. Seal of latter appended. 1116 (1106) 1440 October 3rd. Agreement between Brother Stephen, Prior of Hospital of St. Bar­ tholomew, Gloucester, and the Breth­ ren of the same, and the Proctors and Parishioners of St. Nicholas. Seal of the Bailiffs and Community of Gloucester attached. 1237 (1225) 1545 September 18th. Will of Alderman John Fawkener. Probate dated 13th October, 1545, under seal of Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury. 1241 (1230) 1546 Second Borough or Gild Merchant Seal. 1263 (1252) 1570 Silver Penny of Henry VIII. (?) attached to seal-fillet. 1269 (1257) 1582 Sealed with seal of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, countersealed with the Mayor's Seal. BOOKS. The ancient Minute, Account, and other Books of the Corpora­ tion, are exceedingly interesting, e.g. : Minute Book No. 1450, containing— An account of the visit of King Henry VIII. and Queen Anne to Gloucester, 31st July, 1535. Minute Book No. 1452, containing— Resolution appointing Oliver Cromwell High Steward of the City of Gloucester, 30th September, 1651. Chamberlain's Account Book No. 1500, containing— Entry as to a gift to Queen Elizabeth, on her visit to Gloucester, 1573-4. Letter Book No. 1540, containing— (p. 37). Proclamation of Charles I. as King, 30th March, 1625. 270 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

Letter Book No. 1541, containing— An account of the cost of rebuilding the drawbridges at the various gates of the City, 1651.

MISCELLANEOUS. (No. 1420) ab. 1200 Ordinances for the Government of the Brethren and Sisters of the Hospital of St. Margaret. (In Anglo-French). This Document was much damaged but has been very carefully mounted. Two silver-gilt Maces marked " William Singleton Esqnier Maior of the Citty of Gloucester 1652." Two other silver-gilt Maces marked " Gloucester Toby Jordan Esqr Maior Anno Regni Regis Car 2 XII anno-q-Dom 1660." Silver Salver (Great Somers Salver, date 1699), 203 ozs. 8 dwts. Large Silver Punch Bowl, date 1768 (113 ozs.). Silver Loving Cup, Gift of Charles Barrow, 1767 (75 oz.). Pair of small Silver Salvers, date 1743. Pair of Silver Tankards (Gift of Keylocks, date 1713). State Sword.

Some of the party then visited the cloisters, under the guidance of the Master of Pembroke. They are on the North side of the Cathedral, as is the Chapter House. Abbot Horton began the cloisters about the year 1375, and Abbot Trowcester finished them between the years 1381 and 1412. They are rich and elegant to an unparalled degree, and of more than ordinary extent, height and breadth. The fan tracery of the vaulting, and the feathered panelling of the walls, produce together a superb effect. On the South side of the cloister towards the West are some singular recesses called the lavatory. On the North side of the Chapter house, there is a curious passage called the slype, which is supposed to have communicated with some of the Abbatical buildings, now destroyed. The parties united at St. Nicholas Church, which presents examples of Norman, Early English, and Perpendicular styles. It has a handsome tower containing chimes, and a spire, which some years ago was shortened, being unsafe. ANNUAL EXCURSION. 271

Mr. H. Medland kindly described the leading details, and exhibited drawings and plans. The earliest parts of the Church now existing, are, the South wall and doorway of the nave; these are Norman, and date from the beginning of the 12th Century. The nave arcades, chancel, and South aisle were built during the reign of Henry III. (1230 to 1250). In the 14th Century a South porch and North transept were added. In the 15th Century the East window of the chancel, and the whole of the windows in the South aisle were altered in character, and the tower and spire built. In 1783, the upper part of the spire being unsafe was removed to the level of the band of quatrefoils as it now exists. In the 15th Century the "squints" were placed in the North and South walls of the chancel. The tympanum of the Norman South doorway is an interesting piece of carved work, the subject being the Agnus Dei. The sanctuary knocker, or closing ring, on the South door is made of bronze (14th Century), and represents the Spirit of Evil carrying away a drunken woman, who is putting out her tongue to get a last taste of the grapes, which originally hung over her mouth. The Registers date from 1558 to 1706. The oldest piece of Communion plate is a silver cover paten of a Communion cup, elegantly moulded and chased. Date 1573. There are seven bells, the two oldest are:—No. 4, " Sante Johannes Baptista ora pro nobis. In tempore dementis Lichfield Sacristi, Robertus Handlei Magdalense fecit me in honore Mariae." (Date supposed to be about 1400): and No. 7, " In worshepe of Seynte Jon. John Patte ande Alis hys wyfe, let mak me by her lyte." After visiting the rains of the Black Friars, the party returned to the Bell Hotel for dinner. In response to the toast of Our Guests, the Mayor gave an interesting address on the custom of Borough English, which still exists in this City; and Canon Bazeley referred to the Christianizing of the West of England, by the Celtic Missionaries, and not by the Roman.

VOL. IX. 272 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECSURAL SOCIETY.

FRIDAY, JULY SRD. AT 9 o'clock we started to drive to the old town of Tewkesbury. The landscape, always pretty, occasionally beautiful, is made up of forest and river, distant hills, and wooded plains. The colouring, on a summer day, is just what so often meets the eye, especially in the midlands; the varied greens of orchard and woods passing imperceptibly into the grey-blue of the distant hills, all half veiled, half revealed, by the tender sunlit mists, which are the peculiar charm of the atmosphere, in the lands of the Severn sea. The old-world town was reached at 10.30, and the party was met by the Sacrist, Mr. Bannister, who most ably explained the history and Architectural features of the Abbey. We are chiefly indebted to Canon Bazeley for a full account of the Abbey, supplied to the members of the Bristol and Gloucester­ shire Archaeological Society, for their visit in 1902.

EXCURSION TO STAMFORD, &c.. 1904. BY J. C. TRAYLEN, ESQ., A.R.I.B.A. ON Thursday and Friday, 23rd and 24th June, the Summer Excursion of the Society was made to Stamford, Burghley, and Rockingham. In May, 1879, a combined Meeting of the Lincoln Diocesan, and the Northampton and Leicestershire Societies was held there: after so long an interval, the historical and architectural features of Stamford and the neighbourhood, amply afforded interest for another visit. An excellent descriptive programme had been prepared by Major W. J. Freer, V.D., F.S.A., Hon. Corresponding Secretary to the Society, who, with about 40 members and friends, arrived at the " George " Hotel, on the morning of Thursday, here at once entering upon the Archaeological part of the programme in that ancient hostelry, it being the site of the Hospital of the Holy Sepulchre. The party then started in carriages for Burghley House. William Cecil, Lord High Treasurer of England, reared the present splendid edifice in 1575-87, on the foundations of the old house, which had descended to him from his father, on the "Ley" or pasture of the great Monastic house of "Burgh" (Peterborough); it surrounds a spacious quadrangle, and is a ANNUAL EXCURSION. 273 good example of the English Renaissance, supposed to be by John Thorpe, Architect. The chamber which Queen Elizabeth occupied on her visit to her favourite minister, still retains the state bed and furniture exactly as she left it. Oak carvings by Grinling Gibbons, sculptures by Nollekens, painted ceilings by Antonio Verrio, adorn the mansion. The collection of paintings numbering 700 is one of the finest in the kingdom, including works of the greatest of the old masters, and the " Salvator Mundi," by Carlo Dolci, which, Sir Walter Scott said, " seems worth a King's ransom." Among the family pictures is the one by Lawrence, containing portraits of the Earl of Exeter and the "Cottage Countess," which has formed the subject of a ballad by Tennyson. The interior contains one hundred and forty-five rooms, and the banqueting hall, surpassed only by that at Westminster, has an open roof with carved pendants. As stated, Queen Elizabeth was a visitor here, and her late Majesty Queen Victoria, and the Prince Consort, were guests of the Marquis in 1844. It is a vast treasure house, and there is no other seat, declares one of the best authorities, which affords so completely, and on so grand a scale, a view of the taste in the arts which prevailed among the English nobility in the 17th and 18th Centuries. On the return from Burghley, St. Martin's Church was passed, a most striking and well preserved example of Perpendicular work throughout, in which is the Burghley Chapel, and the vault beneath containing the remains of Cecil, the illustrious founder of the family, and the stately monument to his memory in the chancel. The Church was built in the latter half of the 15th Century. The ancient stained glass therein is alone worth going to see. After lunch at the "George," that famous hostelry, with its great courtyard, and reminiscences of coaching days and the visits of royal and other illustrious travellers, an excursion was made to the town, under the guidance of Mr. J. C. Traylen, A.R.I.B.A., who supplied the Architectural description of the places visited in the afternoon. Passing over the site of the Chapel of the Hospital of St. Thomas, for the lodging and entertaining of travellers, at the South end of the bridge, and of which a Norman capital and flat pilaster buttress remain as evidence, the site of the Castle, with the mound of its keep was pointed out, but not visited. 274 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

The Castle was erected, or earthworks converted, by the Danes in 870, after the devastation of Crowland and Peterborough Abbeys, and destroyed by them in 911: from that time until the arrival of the Normans the fortress changed hands with the varying fortunes of Dane and Saxon. In the reign of William the Conqueror a stone structure was raised, and some of the Norman masonry remains to this day, as does also the ancient mill and its grinding. The Castle was demolished in the reign of Richard III. In the ruins of the Manor Court are the remains of three arches of Early English blank arcading supported on shafts, with moulded capitals and bases, temp. Henry III. The title of Earl of Stamford was granted to Henry Grey, March 26th, 1628. On the bridge which now replaces the ancient one, crossing the river Welland, a pause was made to mark the beautiful proportions of St. Mary's tower and spire, which come boldly into view and meet with great admiration. The tower takes rank with the most elaborate and purest examples of the Early English style, date 1250, given in Parker'is Glossary in illustration of the style, but none to compare with it in beauty. On closer inspection by passing along where was once the Town Hall spanning the North end of the bridge, and up what was once a tortuous and narrow street, between ancient buildings of the date of the Church—the street down which, in 1215, two thousand knights and foot soldiers passed on their way to Runnyrnede—we see the Church as it now is, and the richness of detail, which consists of four stages of moulded wall arcading and detached shafts as surface ornament on all four faces from top to bottom, but of varied treatment. The fifth, or Belfry stage, is of triplet lancets with richly clustered shafts and mouldings, finished with an elegant corbel table. Mouldings of beautiful contour, interspersed with dogtooth, lie in three orders in the arch of the Western doorway, carried by disengaged shafts, with carved and moulded caps fit to keep the goodly company of Peterborough or Westminster. Over all soars the Decorated spire, circa 1500, of octagonal broach form at its junction with the square tower—again noted in the Glossary ID, "the broach being by no means uncommon in the Decorated style, as at St. Mary's, Stamford." Statues of the four Evangelists, under enriched canopies, stand upon the points of the broach, the four tiers of spire lights ANNUAL EXCURSION. 275 having richly traceried and crocketted gablets are set on each alternate face, carrying ornaments of foliated crosses, the whole grouping together as a charming composition. The Early English of the body of the Church is obscured by the later additions and alterations of the 15th Century roofs, clerestory and parapets. In the interior, an idea of the general shape of the Early English Church can be formed by the ancient plan of tower, nave with aisles, chancel, North and South chapels, and South porch. The weather mould on the East face of the tower marks the high pitch roof; the clustered and banded shafts with stiff foliage capitals of the responds give the key to the early shape of the piers of the nave arcades, which have been altered to " Perpendicular " work, but which still carry the Early English arches. The clerestory with its windows was added circa 1450. The chancel retains for the most part the Early English walls and arcades. St. Mary's Chapel on the North has a high pitched outer roof, with ceiling of moulded interlacing ribs and boarding, richly painted and gilded—called the golden choir, the gift of Alderman Hickman in 1467, the matrix of whose brass still remains in the floor. The image of St. Mary, 14th Century, is preserved. On a rich table tomb are the effigies of Sir David Phillips and his wife, temp. Henry VII.; the stone tester has niches and shields, with plume of ostrich feathers, the portcullis and double rose. Sir David was attached to the household of the Lady Margaret, Countess of Richmond, the remains of whose mansion may be seen at Colley Weston, near Stamford. A stone vaulted cellar under a shop in St. Mary's Street, to the West, opposite the Church, was next visited; it consists of a square space divided into four compartments by transverse and diagonal ribs, resting upon a central pillar: the entrance door jambs and stepway from the street still remain in situ, which, together with other Early English remains on the ground-floor, shew that it was used for trade purposes. Two other vaulted cellars of later date, but for similar purpose were visited—one, perhaps as part of a religious house, near St. Mary's, having a central boss with angel carrying shield carved upon it. ST. JOHN'S CHURCH. This Church was described in one word as " Perpendicular " entirely in style, and carries with it structurally the same appearance that it had 450 years ago, without alteration : in this sense it is very interesting. The chief glory of its accessories, in 276 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTERAL SOCIETY. stained glass, has been almost entirely obliterated, sufficient fragments remain however to give an idea of its original extent and beauty. The very elaborate, but rather late and debased, detail screens remain, but altered in position in the chancel and chapels, the stone rood stair and turret only remaining in situ. All the well . moulded and generously timbered roofs remain throughout the Church, with the beautiful embellishment of angels and other carvings, and with here and there traces of ancient colour, so that with little effort, the picture of a Pre-Reformation Church might be set up from this example.

ALL SAINTS'.

On leaving St. John's and looking across Red Lion Square, a very fine general view of All Saints' Church was obtained, which on nearer approach displayed the remarkable lower stratum of Early English work in the walls in contact with the superimposition of the Perpendicular work. The full beauty of the tower and spire, and the general Perpendicular clothing of the Church, was pointed out and seen to great effect; the long line of wall arcading of the Early English part of the South aisle and the South porch were much admired. This South porch, as a unique and beautiful specimen of Perpendicular work, is engraved in the Glossary, The building of the tower and spire, and the great restoration of the Church, after the vandalism of the troops during the Lancastrian occupation of the town, date after 1460, was done by William Browne, a rich merchant of the Staple of Calais. That the Church was formerly entirely of the Early English style is shewn by the nave and chancel arcades still remaining, with their clustered columns richly carved, stiff foliage capitals of great beauty, and moulded arches, as part of that same wave of inspiration which produced St. Mary's and other beautiful works of that period, which prevailed with such force throughout the land in the first half of the 13th Century. The memorials of Brovvue, in the shape of brasses, still mark the place of sepulture in the South chapel of the chancel, and quite recently in the great six-light West window of the nave, being filled with stained glass by members of the same family now living in the United States of America. ANNUAL EXCURSION. 277

BKOWNE'S HOSPITAL. The programme was varied by a visit to Browne's Hospital, instead of to St. George's Church. What William of Wyggeston was to Leicester in his munifi­ cence, so was William Browne to Stamford. The Hospital was erected in 1498, having then a central passage with cubicles on each side, leading to the Chapel at the East end, " for divers poor of each sex as well as for Chaplains to celebrate divine offices therein." The beauties of the oak screen and stalls, the stained glass of the windows, and the altar slab, 11 feet long, were pointed out. The architecture is of the late Perpendicular style, of a Domestic character. The building stands in picturesque sur­ roundings in Broad Street, and is a great ornament to the town. A move was next made to the Town Hall. Stamford, with Leicester, Derby, Nottingham, and Lincoln, was one of the five Danish Burghs; they formed a separate State, possessed their own law courts, and had peculiar municipal institutions. The Town Hall was built in 1777, taking the place of the one built over the North end of the Bridge in 1558, and is distinguished by " the honourable ensignes of the towne " viz., the Royal Arms (gules, three lions passant, guardant or), impaled with those of Warren, a lord of Stamford (chequey, or and azure). The Regalia was shewn. The smallest silver mace, time of Edward IV., who, in 1461, granted the first charter of incorporation, made the Alderman the King's immediate lieutenant, and the second man in the kingdom. Another dates from the Restoration, and the largest mace was presented in 1678 by Charles Bertie, M.P. The finely chased silver -punch bowl was also Bertie's gift, and the large silver cup was contributed by Christopher Clapham, Knight, in 1658. This final visit of the afternoon brought the company round to the vicinity of the " George," in time for tea at 5 o'clock. St. Leonard's Priory and St. Martin's Church were put down on the programme, and were visited by some of the members, after which, dinner at 7 o'clock at the " George."

I cannot refrain from giving Mackensie E. C. Walcot's first impression of the town, as an Extract from his " Memorials of Stamford." " The first impression of the Town when approached by the London Road, reminds the Traveller of Oxford ; for although the modern dome of the Radcliffe Library is wanting, the fine old 278 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY. grey spires of All Saints' and St. Mary's, the Towers of St. George's, St. Martin's and St. John's grouped in charming architectural effect, the background of wooded heights, and the broad meadows, gardens and trees Eastward of the Town and lining the Kiver, forcibly revive the recollection of the great University City. The parallel arrangement of the long High and Broad Streets, the narrow thoroughfares, the quaint stone houses—the frequent gables with carved barge boards, the old Bede House—the mediaeval line of Browne's Hospital—the Carmelite Tower Gateway—the Norman front of St. Leonard's Priory—the picturesque Grammar School, the solitary gate of Brazenose College and the scattered fragments of ancient archi­ tecture doorways and portals and carvings throughout the Town deepen the impression. The likeness must have been most striking when the Halls of the Monastic Houses of Peterborough, Crowland, Sempringham and Vaudey and Brazenose College were thronged with Students, and an academical look was given to the Streets by their flowing gowns and various hoods; when the Castle Keep, the Town gates and the grey walls; spires, towers, steeples and turreted fronts, the great quadrangles, the solemn courts and venerable cloisters, the tall roofs and louvres of numerous churches, hospitals, chapels, convents and religious houses, Benedictine and Cistercian, Austin Canons, Friars Black, White and Grey, and the Orders of Sempringham and the Holy Sepulchre, long since destroyed, rose in the green meadows along the winding Banks of the Welland, or studded the gentle rise and slopes over which the Town is built. "Even in its present comparatively fallen state Sir Walter Scott emphatically declared the appearance of Stamford from the Bridge to be the finest Street view between London and Edinburgh." Copied November 26th, 1904, by J. C. TRAYLEN.

BUCKINGHAM CASTLE, &c. BY S. PERKINS PICK, V.P., B.I.B.A. On Friday, June 24th, 1904, the Members of the Society regretfully took their leave of Stamford by a train leaving soon after 9 o'clock, arriving at Luffenham a quarter of an hour later, where carriages awaited the arrival of the party. Driving through Harringworth, the interesting Church (St. John the Baptist), with its fine Western tower and broach spire, S.

HALL.

Cm'N(-n.!.nK

by

KIRBY

photo

a

From

279)

page

face

(To ANNUAL EXCURSION. 279 was briefly described by Mr. J. C. Traylen. The picturesque grouping of the village buildings was also enjoyed. After a somewhat circuitous route through a portion of the village of Deene, Kirby Hall was reached. This is one of the best examples of Elizabethan architecture which now exist. It is situated in a valley amid the remains only of its avenues and garden. A large embanked walk to the West of the Hall forms the original boundary of the formal garden, along which and in other places remains of architectural garden ornaments are still to be seen. Kirby was built by Sir Humphrey Stafford of Blatherwick, and his arms—a boar's head on a coronet, and the Stafford knot— can be seen carved in all the ornamental coping, cornice, and stringcourse bands of the inner court. The Architect of the building was John Thorpe, whose beautiful work at Rush

number of important modern buildings, particularly in our Univer­ sity Cities, and it is undoubtedly one of the very best examples of English Renaissance architecture that we possess. After carefully inspecting Kirby Hall, the drive was continued to Rockingham, where members and their friends lunched at the Sondes Arms Inn. The party then proceeded to the Castle, which, by the kind permission of the owner, the Rev. Wentworth Watson, members were enabled to view both inside and outside. Rockingham Castle was founded by order of the Conqueror, in the midst of a great forest district extending from Northampton to Stamford, once about 33 miles long and about 8 miles wide, which had been a royal hunting ground before the days of the Confessor. The natural importance of the commanding position is sufficient reason for the selection of such a site for the Castle, which was, during five centuries, a royal residence, and indeed, for a considerable period the Windsor Castle of the Midlands. The promontory upon which the Castle stands juts out almost due North towards the Welland Valley. East and West of it are defiles, or ravines, deepening rapidly towards the North, which on the North is a very precipitous slope down to the valley. It will thus be seen that the steep declivities on three sides give a certain amount of natural strength to the position, while the South, or weakest side, was secured by a fortified mound and entrenchments. The constructor of the Castle evidently availed himself of these arrangements, and converting the mound into a strong keep, he enclosed all the northern part of the promontory with almost impregnable walls, and dividing this space of about three acres into courts, he proceeded to erect the various buildings necessary for the housing and protection of himself and his numerous retainers. As the keep was placed at the South-Eastern angle of this enclosure, a portion of it must have been outside the curtain walls. It is difficult to say how old the general lines of the curtain wall may be, but numerous repairs and re-buildings are recorded, and we have the authority of Domesday Book, that the Castle was erected by order of the Conqueror. The first notice of Rockingham, after Domesday, is in March, 1094, when a great Council was held " in the Chapel within the Castle," chiefly with reference to the recognition of Pope Urban II., and to the position with respect to him of Anselm, who had been consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury, December 4th, 1093, but had not yet received his pall. William Rufus had not re­ cognised either of the two rival Popes, Urban or Clement. The Council broke up without coming to any real decision on the question at issue. The Castle was frequently visited by later kings with whom it was in favour. John was constantly here; ROCKINGHAM-THE VILLAGE STREET.

ROCKINGHAM CASTLE—THE NORTH FRONT. From photos by COUNCILLOR S. SQUIRE. (To face page 280} ANNUAL EXCURSION. 281

Henry III., Edward I., Edward II., and Edward III. often ; the last named ratified here the truce concluded at Bruges between himself and Charles V. of France. The names of its constables have been recorded from A.D. 1199 to 1475, when William, Lord Hastings, received that office for his life. Some idea of the strength ultimately given to this royal fortress may be gathered from Leland's description of it, as he saw it in rnins, in Henry VIII.'s time, before it passed into the possession of the present owners. He says :—" The Castelle of Rockingham standith upon the toppe of an hille right stately, and hath a mighty diche and bullwarks agayne without the diche. The utter walles of it yet stoud. The kepe is exceeding fair and strong, and in the waulles be certain strong towers. The lodgings that were within the area of the Castelle be discovered and faule to ruine. One thing in the waulles of the Castelle is much to be noted, that is that they be embattelid on both sides, so that if the area of the Castelle were won by cumming in at either of the two greate gates of the Castelle, yet the keepers of the waulles might defend the Castelle, and from it over the dungeon dike is a draw­ bridge to the dungeon towre." Such was the Cast! 3 which served the sovereigns of England, during several centuries, as a secure and agreeable place of retreat, where they could indulge in their favourite pastime of hunting. Very much of the Castle has perished since Leland wrote this description. One of the "greate gates" however remains; the mound of the keep or "dungeon towre " may still be climbed; and the buildings in the first court, which were then " falling to ruin " were soon afterwards repaired and enlarged, and now form the habitable mansion. The massive Entrance Towers are perhaps the most interesting portion of the building. They date from about A.D. 1275. and consist of an arch flanked by two circular towers, with curtain walls extending on either side. This gateway admits us to the outer bailey or court of the Castle. The buildings are partly of the 13th Century, and partly of the 16th and 17th Centuries. The entrance doorway with its mouldings, caps, and shafts, belong to the 13th Century, also a doorway now blocked up, immediately opposite communicating with the inner court; there are also two 13th Century windows adjoining, all indicating that the walls of the existing hall and dining room are in all probability the original walls of the Castle of the 13th Century. The rest of the house is mainly Elizabethan. The manor of Kockingham, with that of the Castle came into the possession of Sir Edward Watson in the middle of the 16th Century, his son, Sir Lewis Watson, was in 1645, created Baron Rockingham, of Rockingham. In 1714, the then Baron, another Lewis Watson, was made Earl of Rockingham. This earldom 282 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY. became extinct in 1746; but the barony passed to the last Earl's cousin, Thomas Watson Wentworth, created 1746 Marquis of Eockingham. His son, the second Marquis, who died in 1782, was the chief of the Rockingham Administration. The manor and castle, have from the time of the first Baron, remained in the possession of the Watson family. The house contains many interesting relics, and some good pictures; and the gardens and surroundings are of a charming nature. The foregoing notes are mainly taken from " Murray's Handbook of Northamptonshire," and from " Rockingham Castle and the Watsons," by Charles Wise. After spending a very pleasant and interesting time at the Castle, the party proceeded to Lyddington where they were hospitably entertained in the Hall of the Bede-house, by the Rev. H. Fisher, M.A., Rector of Higham-on-the-Hill. This very interesting building was formerly a Palace belonging to the Bishops of Lincoln, but now converted into a Hospital for a Warden, twelve Brethren, and two Nurses. The Charity was founded by the 3rd Lord Burghley, (1st Earl of Exeter), and is called Jesus Hospital. The Church adjoining has a good tower, terminated by a somewhat low spire, the general outline forming a good but somewhat unusual composition, which is considerably enhanced in beauty by the adjacent Hospital buildings. The village of Lyddington contains many picturesque houses, the whole forming excellent types of the various styles of North­ amptonshire buildings. The party continuing the drive through Uppingham to Manton Station completed the programme, which altogether will doubtless be remembered with pleasure and interest. ROCKINGHAM CASTLE—THE TERRACE FRONT.

LYDDINGTON—J1SUS HOSPITAL OH THE PALACE. From photos by COUNCILLOR S. SQUIKI£. (To face page 282} EECENT DISCOVERIES IN KNOSSOS. 283

RECENT DISCOVERIES IN KNOSSOS,

being a Paper read before the Society, BY C. J. BILLSON, ESQ., M.A.

THE Greek Poet Bacchylides, in a recently discovered Ode, described the warlike King Minos returning from some victorious expedition to his beloved city, the beautiful Knossos. In the days of Bacchylides the home of Minos had long lain buried below the Cretan soil, but time, which has restored to us his own lost poems, has also restored to us the beautiful city of which he wrote, and which he himself had never seen. Century after century the buildings of Knossos rested, un­ touched by plough or spade, only a few inches beneath the treeless turf. I can find no certain record of any shock to their secular repose until near the end of the 16th Century after Christ. In the year 1583 an Italian gentleman named Onorio Belli, who seems to have combined the two professions of Archi­ tecture and Medicine, was appointed Physician to the Venetian Governor of Candia, and for some ten or twelve years resided in Crete. During this time he spent his leisure in investigating the antiquities of the Island, and when the Governor on one occasion made a personal tour round the whole country, Belli accompanied him and persuaded him to undertake some excava­ tions, which were attended with much success. He wrote afterwards a History of Crete, the first book of which contained a very full and valuable account of all its antiquities and inscriptions. Two copies of this work are known to have existed, but they have both been lost, and the only record which remains of this once celebrated work is supplied by some of the Author's letters and by a long abstract of its contents which was drawn up by a Venetian Ecclesiastic in the 17th Century. The only extract which is preserved relating to Knossos runs as follows:— "At about equal distance from Candia and Mount Juctas being about three miles from each, are the ruins of this city which was founded by King Minos, in a plain almost entirely surrounded by mountains in the manner of a theatre. The hills upon which the City was built are of low elevation, and the walls may be four miles in circumference. Homer distinguishes this City as great and noble. It is now almost wholly destroyed, and none of its buildings are remaining entire. Several large masses of walling exist in different places, built of stone, but much 284 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY. decayed. The foundations of a theatre or other building of great size are visible, but it is not easy to determine its plan. From time to time have been found many fine statues which were sent to Venice by different Proriditori, and amongst these Jacopo Foscarini also sent many fine and perfect statues." . An original drawing by Onorio Belli is also preserved, which gives the plan of a large building at Knossos, measuring about 500 feet by 350 feet, which may be a Roman Basilica. From the time of Onorio Belli the remains of Knossos appear to have remained almost, if not quite, undisturbed until the year 1878, when a native gentlemen of Crete, named Minos Kalokarimos cleared the site of the Palace associated with his more illustrious namesake. The American Consul and Archaeologist, Mr. Stillman, visited the spot about 1880, and declared that the maze of walls and passages which had been discovered must be identical with the traditional labyrinth. In the year 1886, Knossos had a still more illustrious visitor, Dr. Schliemanu, fresh from his triumphs at Tiryns and Mycene. Unfortunately the fame of Dr. Schliemann's wealth had preceded him, and when he made proposals for further excavations on scientific principles, the landowners made such exorbitant de­ mands for compensation that he left the place in disgust. In 1891, the French School at Athens conceived the idea of undertaking thorough excavations at Knossos. and sent a member of their school to Crete, but again the absurd demands of the landowners, combined with the disturbed state of the country, put an end to all negotiations. But where Germany and France had failed, England succeeded. In 1894 an Englishman visited the place, Mr. Arthur Evans, a man not only remarkable for his wide learning and scholarship, but also for his pugnacious tenacity. He began immediately to bargain with the owners, native Mahomedans, to whose almost inexhaustible powers of obstruction he declares he can pay the highest tribute; but he got his way, and after six years of persistent hammering he became at last the purchaser of the whole site, and established himself in the Squire's house, with a lovely garden and orchard, -just below the Palace Hill. On March 23rd, 1900, he began to dig among the Palace remains. Ten days before, Mr. D. G. Hogarth, another Oxford man, who wrote that delightful book "A wandering scholar in the Levant," had begun to dig on the site of the ancient city. The expenses of the excavations were partly defrayed out of RECENT DISCOVEBIES IN KNOSSOS. 285 grants made by the Cretan exploration fund, but Dr. Evans' work has been paid for to a large extent out of his own pocket. This afternoon I must confine myself to the results obtained by Dr. Evans, which have been so important that they have rather overshadowed the useful but less striking work of Mr. Hogarth. I might first say something about the date of the Palace. It has upon it the unmistakeable marks of total destruction by fire, and it is also certain that this fire occurred when the Palace was occupied and when it was in a high state of culture. The site has never since been tenanted, except during one short period soon after the catastrophe. Dr. Evans places the destruction of the Palace about the 15th Century B.C., and although there does not seem to be anything which fixes that date as certain, we can nearly approach it. I cannot now discuss the whole of the evidence, but I may mention one or two points-bearing upon it. In the first place we must conclude that the conflagration took place, at any rate, a long time before the Homeric poems. The date of those poems now generally accepted is about 900 B.C., and the Knossos known to the writer of those poems was evidently a very different place from the Knossos revealed by these excavations. In the 9th Century, the greatness of Knossos had so far passed away, and foreign invaders had been so long established there, that they had had time to assimilate native traditions, and by Homer's time the legend of Minos himself had already assumed a Dorian character. There is rather a curious instance of this in the Odyssey, where Minos is said to have begun his reign at Knossos, when he was nine years old, when it is also said that he used to go up into the Dictaean Cave, to bring out, like Moses, the Commandments of God, every ninth year. This mystic cycle of nine years, or ninety- nine months, was of course a peculiar Dorian method of computing time. In the second place, the testimony of Egyptian monuments points clearly to the degenerate state of Crete in the 12th Century, and even earlier. References to " the great Men of Keftia," who are now thought to be Minoan Cretans, entirely disappear after the 15th Century, and in monuments of later date we read only of piratical hordes, whose only ambition was "to fill their bellies every day." The Architecture of the Palace that was destroyed by fire was of the Mycsenean type, very similar to the great prehistoric Cretan Palace unearthed by the Italians at Praesos. Not a single scrap of anything has been found in the building which Archaeologists 286 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY. would place later than the flourishing Mycasnean period. It is of course difficult to assign any precise limits to that period, yet even if it lingered in Crete to a later date than elsewhere, we could hardly bring the destruction of the palace later than the 13th Century. But whenever the fall of Knossos may have occurred, there can be no doubt that until this great catastrophe happened, the site had been a seat of Minoan habitation and of Minoan civilisation from a most remote era. There are traces of palace beyond palace' containing evidences of culture, and imports from Egypt which serve in some instances to fix approximate dates of high antiquity, and below all lies an immense Neolithic Settlement. The high civilisation revealed in these palaces, the absence of all defensive works both in the city and in the Royal residence, the testimony of Greek historians, the evidence of Egyptian monuments of the times of Thothmes III. and earlier, and the general voice of tradition, all point to a very powerful Sea Empire, which ruled the Eastern Mediterranean for many centuries in prehistoric times ; whose capital city of Knossos was once the main Western seat of human intelligence, and the cradle of modern Europe. The evidence which we possess with regard to the people who occupied this proud eminence, are derived from three sources:— (1) tradition; (2) craniology; (3) actual portraits (Cretan and Egyptian). The general conclusion to be derived from all those sources is, that during the great days of the Minoan Palace the whole of the Island of Crete was peopled by a dark-haired, long­ headed, non-Aryan race, who were known to Homer and the Greeks as Eteo-Cretans, or real Cretans, but who in Homeric and historical times had been driven by successive immigrations of foreigners into the Eastern corner of the Island. Whether the ruling caste belonged to this native race is not known, but there is nothing, I think, to show that they did not, and the traditions of Greek influence contained in such legends as those of Theseus and Daedalus certainly suggest that they were at any rate not Greek. The people depicted on the palace frescoes are of a dark ruddy type, similar in physical characteristics to the Klefts portrayed on Egyptian monuments, who are now on good grounds identified with the Eteo-Cretans. This race has been almost unknown hitherto, but it may be possible to reconstruct its main characteristics and culture from recent discoveries, which include not only pottery and sculpture and other exquisite works of art, but also a great number of tablets written in a peculiar language which cannot as yet be read, but which may throw more light on the subject when someone has succeeded in reading them. KECENT DISCOVERIES IN KNOSSOS. 287

Those of you who saw the Exhibition at Burlington House last winter, when some of the objects of art found at Knossos were represented by casts and reproductions, will appreciate the degree of culture at which this people had arrived. All that I can do this afternoon is to explain, as far as I can, the main features of the Minoan Palace and its wonderful provisions for domestic comfort. The actual work of excavation has proved exceedingly laborious, and some parts of it are, I believe, quite unparalleled in the annals of archaeology. The main difficulty arose from the nature of the site. The palace is built on a low hill jutting out into the valley, and sloping sharply down from west to east. In consequence of this slope the ground floor on the east is not less than two storeys lower than on the west, and in excavating all the eastern wing a vast amount of labour has been entailed by the necessity of propping up walls, and supporting the heavy super­ structure of the upper floor levels. In one place two flights of stone stairs have actually been excavated below two upper flights, which are supported in situ. No expense appears to have been spared, and an array of between 200 and 300 workmen are employed. It was thought that this year would have seen the end of the work, but a fresh system of rooms below the present ground floor on the east was accidentally discovered this spring, and these chambers, in which some important finds have already been made, will have to be explained thoroughly in the early part of next year. I do not know if this Society has any spare funds at its disposal, but if so, I would venture to suggest that they could hardly be employed better than in aiding this great work, thus unexpectedly thrown on Dr. Evans' shoulders. Mr. Billson also exhibited a large Plan of the excavated Palace, showing the various chambers and courts, and a number of Photographs taken during his recent visit to Kuossos, all of which were greatly appreciated by the members present.

VOL. IX. 288 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

THE HOLY BONES. BY COL. G. C. BELLAIRS, V.D., Hon. Financial Secretary.

THIS name seems to have puzzled many visitors to Leicester, and I think also most of our townsmen. I have often thought of tracing the origin of this name, and have looked through some books which I thought might give information on the subject, but have not succeeded in finding much about it. Burton's History of Leicestershire (1622), mentions this name as follows :— " First the ancient temple heere dedicated to Janus which had " a Flamen or High Priest heere resident in which place £reat " store of bones of beasts (which heer have beene sacrificed) " have bin digged up and found, and the place yet called thereof " the holy bones, which all histories doe agree to have been here " and surely was the foundation of the Romanes as appeareth by " their god Janus Bi/rons to whose honour the first temple was " built in Rome by Romulus and Tatius ; or as others say Numa " Pompilius in a place called Argiletum," &c., &c. This seems to show that Burton was quite as puzzled as we are, and he does not say what the "all histories" he alludes to were. I recollect in my early days having been told, or seen somewhere, that this name has some connection with the martyrdom of the Lollards, many of whom were executed at Leicester, and as this place was very near to the Shambles (or Smithfield), of Leicester, it was a probable place for these executions, and as the churchyard of St. Nicholas (which is on the site of Burton's temple of Janus), is also close to this spot, if it did not include it, it is probable that the bones of these martyrs were collected and buried here. I also recollect hearing that these martyrdoms took place, at or near the Jewry Wall, which Burton and others suppose to have been part of Janus' temple, and I recollect a discovery some few years ago, on the pulling down of some old cottages on the west side of the Jewry Wall, for additions to be made to Rust and Co.'s factory, it was then stated by the workmen, that a few feet under these small dwellings they came upon a circular space which was evidently the remains of a fire, and was supposed to be of some previous building. It was all cleared away before I heard of it, but I had pointed out to me, lying in Rust and Co.'s factory yard, a large log of wood with some iron on it, which appeared to have been burnt, and was said to have been found on this site. THE HOLY BONES. 289

It is an interesting conjecture whether this was the place of execution of the Lollards, and the burnt log part of the stake. It seemed, so far as I recollect, to have been well adapted for the purpose, and the site of the fire being circular is remarkable. I have searched Nichols to some extent, but I wish some competent person would take this matter in hand and make further searches and enquiries.

I have sometimes thought that St. John's Stone might be the place of these executions, as it is near the Abbey, and the Abbey officials, I believe, were instrumental in bringing them about. INDEX.

PAGE. Accounts, Treasurer's Statement of .. .. 12, 70, 156, 172, 219, 220, 236 Alteration in the publication of the Society's Transactions .. 220 Ancient documents found at Leicester ...... 225 Anglo Saxon Remains found at North Luflenham .. 176, 228, 238 Annual Summer Meeting for 1899 at Stratford-on-Avon .. .. 13,14 ,, for 1900 at Market Bosworth and neighbourhood 123 it i, ,, for 1901 at Oxford ...... 163,247 ,. ,, ,, for 1902 at the Dukeries .. .. 183 ., ,, ,, for 1903 at Gloucester and Tewkesbury .. 258 ,, ,, ,, for 1904 at Stamford and Rockingham .. 242,272 Archaeological Survey of Leicestershire .. 148, 159, 160, 163, 166, 169, 224, 232 ,, Congress at Burlington House ...... 242 Ashby Folville Church restored ...... 148 Aylestone Church restored ...... 148 ,, .. visited ...... 180 ,, ,, described ...... 189, 191 ,, Extracts from the Constables Accounts of .. .. 191 Barber, Rev. H., M.A., M.D., F.S.A., on the Excavations and Discover­ ies at Copt Oak .. .. 188 Bellairs, Colonel G. C., Biographical Notice of ...... 205 ,, ,, on the Discovery of an Ancient Wooden Cross at Higham-on-the-Hill ...... 14, 18 , ., Description of Bradgate...... izo on " The Holy Bones" ...... 288 M ,, presents Books to the Library .. .. 164 Belvoir Castle visited ...... 116 Biggs, Aid. W., Mayor of Leicester, 1849 ...... 174 Billesdon, Ancient Cross at, restored ...... 244,245 Billson, Mr. C. J., on recent discoveries in Knossos .. .. 229,283 Birch, Dr. W. de Gray, Account of the Charters and Records of Leicester .. •. •• •• •• H7 Blaby Church restored ...... 148 Early English Piscina and Sedilia, found at .. .. 182 Bland, Mr. E., exhibits Antiquities, &c...... 238 Bloxam, Mr. Martin, exhibits Antiquities, &c...... 161 Bolsover Church visited ...... 187 „ Castle „ -. •• •• •• 188 Bosworth Field, Battle of, described ...... 123 " King Dick's Well." at ...... 242 Bradgate visited .. •• •• •• •• i*° 292 • INDEX.

PAGE British Archaeological Association Congress at Leicester in, 112, 113, 116, 154 ,. ,, ,, Opening Meeting of .. .. 116 „ ,, visit to Belvoir Castle .. .. 116 ,, ,, ,, ., Bradgate and neighbourhood 117 ,, „ ,, Market Bosworth, Stoke Gold- ing, &c. .. .. 123 ,, ,, ,, ,, Lutterworth .. .. 124 „ „ Final Meeting of .. .. 125 Brown, Mr. Montague, his description of the Antiquities at Leicester Museum ...... 116 Burghley House visited ...... 272 Clumber House and Church visited ...... 184 Committee, Lists of ...... i, 59, 139, 207 Compton, Mr. C. H., on the Abbey of St. Mary de Pratis, Leicester .. 121, 197 Constables' Accounts, Aylestone, extracts from ...... 191 Copt Oak, Discoveries at ...... 188 Creighton, Bishop, Memorial to, placed in .. 232 Cromwell, Richard ...... 174 Crowther-Beynon, Mr. V. B., on the discovery of Anglo-Saxon Remains at North Luffenham .. .. 176, 238 „ ,, exhibits Antiquities, &c. .. 176, 228, 238 Dean Ingram, Memorial to ...... 150 Draper, Capt. A. T., exhibits Antiquities, &c...... 158,182 Drummond, Capt., Obituary notice of ...... 230 Dryden, Sir Henry, Bart., Death of ...... 13,66 Early Fortifications, Notes on ...... 123 Edwinstowe Church visited : ...... 185 Elgood, Mr. T. S., exhibits Antiquities, &c. .. .. 225,229 Everard, Mr. T. W., exhibits Antiquities, &c...... 178 Fewkes, Mr. J. W., exhibits Antiquities, &c. n, 115, 162, 166, 177, 223, 237 Fisher, Rev. H., exhibits Antiquities, &c...... 162 Fletcher, Rev. W. G, Dimock, F.S.A., resigns as Editorial Secretary .. 109 ,, ,, ,, on the Lords Lieutenant of Leicestershire .. 166 ,, ,, ,, A Brief Notice of the Society's Work, 1855-1905 252 Freer, Major W. J., F.S.A., appointed Delegate to the Congress of Archaeological Societies .. no, 239 ,, ,, „ Interim Report on Trinity Hospital .. .. n „ exhibits Antiquities. &c. 1113, 115, 164, 166, 173, 174, 178, 179,182, 226, 227, 228, 244 ,, ,, ,, Report on the Tower House .. .. Ix^ British Archaeological Congress at Leicester .. n6 ,, ,, ,, Discovery of a Roman Building at Rothley .. 157 ,, ,, ,, Appointed Local Secretary for the Society of Antiquaries ...... !&, INDEX. 293

PAGE Freer, Major W. J., F.S.A., on the Clerks of the Peace and Clerks to the Lieutenancy of Leicestershire .. 166 on a Visit to the Isle of Saints .. .. 181 ,. ,, Account of the Society's Visit to the Dukeries .. 183 ,, Biographical Notice of ...... 206 Report on the Annual Summer Meeting at Oxford 247 ,i ., Visit to Gloucester and Tewkesbury .. .. 258 ,. ,, Report for the year 1898 ...... 6 ,, 1899 ...... 66 ,, 1900 ...... 153 1901 ...... 167 ,, ,, ,, 1902 ...... 146 1903 ...... 230 ,. ,, ,. ,, . 1904 ...... 215 Gedge, Rev. Canon, Supplementary remarks on Aylestone Church, and Extracts from the Constables' Accounts .. .. 191 Gloucester, City and Cathedral visited and described .. .. 258 „ Notes as to its Ancient Charters, Books, &c. .. .. 264 Goddard, Mr. Joseph, Obituary Notice of ...... 153 Goodacre, Mr. R., Description of Aylestone Church .. 180, 189 Gotch, Mr. J. A., Description of Kirby Muxloe Castle .. .. 117 Gould, Mr. I. C., Description of Groby Manor House .. .. n8 ,, ,, Notes on Early Fortifications .. .. 123 Groby Manor House visited ...... n8 Hardwick Hall visited ...... 185 Harrold, Mr. T., Description of an Early English Capital found at Hinckley .. .. , .. 17 ,, ,, Description of Bosworth Field, &c. .. .. 123 ,, ,, exhibits Antiquities, &c. .. .. 112,181,241 Hartopp, Mr. H., exhibits Antiquities, &c. 16, 115, 165, 174, 177, 178, 180, 182, 225, 226. ,, exhibits an Original Leicestershire Subsidy Roll for 1603 ...... I4 Parish Registers of Leicestershire .. .. 13 Calendar of Leicestershire Wills and Administrations 20, 73 ,, ,, Leicestershire Marriage Bonds, &c. .. .. 245 ,, ,, Report on Ratby Registers ...... no ,, ,, Report on the Noseley Deeds .. .. n^ ,, ,, ,, ,, Roman Discoveries at Leicester 175,225 Heygate, Mr. W. U., Death of ...... I76 Higham-on-the-Hill, Discovery of an Ancient Wooden Cross at .. 14, 18 Hinckley, Early English Capital found at ...... I? Houghton-on-the-Hill Church restored ...... I4g Ibstock Church, Chancel restored ...... 7 Kirby Hall visited ...... 279 294 INDEX.

PAGE Kirby Muxloe Castle visited ...... •• IX 7 Knossos, Recent Discoveries in ...... • • 283 Lach-Szyrama, Rev. W. S,, on Wickliffe and his times .. .. 124 Leicester, Notes on the Underground Passages discovered in the Newarke 4 „ Trinity Hospital ...... n. 14. J 5. 71 Roman Remains found at .. .. 7, 15, 16, 169, 175, 180, 182 ,, Roman Pavement found at .. .. •• 6 at, preserved .. .. 15,68,109,152 ,, Churches:— St. Martin's, restored ...... • • 8 ,, New Memorial windows placed in .. .. 156, 234 St. Mary's, restored ...... 150,171 St. Nicholas1 , Tower restored .. .. 224, 227, 232 described ...... 126 ,, Ancient Churches described .. .. •• 121 Wm. Biggs, Mayor of, 1849 ...... 174 British Archaeological Congress at ...... 116 ,, Antiquities of, inspected ...... 116,121 ,, Ancient Charters and Records of ...... 117 „ Abbey described ...... 121,197 ,, ,, Reported Sale of Site of ...... 222 ,, Castle visited ...... 122 ,, Mediaeval Wall of ...... 179, 245 ,, Old Tower House ...... 114,229 Old Town Hall Library, Books at ...... 223 ,, Discovery of an Ancient Well at ...... 224 ,, Ancient Documents found at ...... 225 ,, Ancient Books, &c., in the Muniment Room, repaired .. 232 Recovery of Ancient Charters belonging to .. .. 240 The Holy Bones ...... 288 Leicestershire, Parish Registers of ...... 4, n, 13 Exchequer Subsidy Roll of, for 1603 .. .. 14, 68 ,, Wills and Administrations of ...... 20,73 Archaeological Survey of .. .. 148,159,160,224 ,, The Lords Lieutenant of ...... 166 ,, The Clerks of the Peace, and Clerks of the Lieutenancy of ...... 166 ,, Marriage Bonds and Allegations, publication of .. 245 Library, Additions to ...... 110,164,165,223,228,239 Local Records, Preservation of ...... 110,242,243 Long Whatton Church restored ...... 155 Loughborough, Church Bells re-cast ,...... 69 Lutterworth, Church visited ...... 124 „ Feilding Monument at ...... 124 ,, Wycliffe Memorial at ...... 148 INDEX. 295

PAGE Lynam, Mr. C., F.S.A., Description of St. Nicholas' Church, Leicester 126 Market Bosworth visited ...... 123 ,, Discoveries at ...... 242 Market Harborough, Discovery of an Ancient Drinking Vessel at .. 224 Market Overton, Roman Remains found at ...... 228 Marriage Bonds, see Leicestershire. Mawbey, Mr. E. G., on the Underground Passages discovered in the Newarke ...... 4 Members, Lists of ...... 61, 141, 209 Missal, an Early English Missal described ...... iSi, 221 Misterton Church, Notes on ...... 180 Morley, Mr. F. R., exhibits Antiquities, &c...... 159,224 Neale, James, F.S.A., Account of Hard wick Hall .. .. 185 Nether Broughton, North Aisle of Church rebuilt .. .. 233 Newbold Verdon, Church rebuilt ...... 70 ,, Moated House visited ...... 123 North Luffenham, Anglo-Saxon Remains found at .. 176, 228, 238 Noseley Church and Manor, Deeds relating to ...... 115 Oxford visited and described ...... 247 Paget, Mr. A. H., exhibits Antiquities, &c...... 229 Patrick, Mr. G., his Description of Ulverscroft Priory .. .. 119 ,, ,, Description of Lutterworth Church .. .. 124 Peach, Mr. H. H., exhibits an Early English Missal .. .. 181 ,, Report on the same ...... 221 ,, Books, &c., belonging to the Governors of Wyggeston's Hospital .. 221 ,, ,, Repairs to Books, &c., in the Leicester Muniment Room .. .. 232 Peatling Parva, Deed relating to ...... 161 Pick, Mr. S. P., An Account of the Society's Visit to Kirby Hall and Rockingham Castle ...... 278 Quarrell, Mr. W. H., appointed Delegate to the Archaeological Congress 239 Queen Victoria, Death of ...... 151,167 Ratby Parish Registers, Transcripts of ...... no Ratcliffe Culey Church restored ...... 8 Records, Ancient ...... 117,225 ,, The Transcribing and Printing of Episcopal and other Records ...... 230 See also Local Records. Rendell, Rev. Canon, M.A., presents Books to the Society .. no, 165, 223, 239 Report, Annual, for 1898 (Forty-fourth) ...... 6 1899 (Forty-fifth) ...... 66 ,. 1900 (Forty-sixth) ...... 153 1901 (Forty-seventh) ...... 167 ,, 1902 (Forty-eighth) ...... 146 296 INDEX.

PAGE Report, Annual, for 1903 (Forty-ninth) ...... 230 ,, 1904 (Fiftieth) ...... 215 Review, Leicestershire and Rutland at the Opening of the zoth Century 205 Rockingham Castle visited ...... 278 Roman Potters marks ...... 175 Roman Remains, fiee Leicester and Rothley. Rothley, Discovery of a Roman Building at ...... 157 „ Roman Urn found at ...... 239 Rowlett, Mr. W. T., on the Early History of the Stocking-Frame .. 124 Rutland, Archaeological and Natural History Society, Formation of .. 177, 180 Sanders, Rev. Canon, exhibits Antiquities, &c...... 179 Scott, Mr. C. Tollemache, exhibits Antiquities, &c. .. .. 242 Sibstone Church, Chancel restored ...... 219 Simon de Montfort, Charter of ...... 240 Smith-Carrington, Richard, D.L., F.S.A., his Inaugural Address at the Opening Meeting of the British Archaeological Congress at Leicester ...... 116 Death of ...... 168 Squire, Councillor S., exhibits Antiquities, &c. .. .. 174, 240, 244 Stamford visited and described ...... 272 Stevenson, Mr. George, Death of .. .. : .. 216,239 Stocking-Frame, Early History of ...... 124 Stoke Golding Church visited ...... 123 Stratford-on-Avon visited ...... 13, 14 Taylor, Mr. J. H., exhibits Antiquities, &c...... 162 Tewkesbury visited ...... 272 The Dukeries visited ...... 183 The Society's Jubilee Meeting, 1905 ...... 252 Thurleston Church Tower restored ...... g Titley, Rev. R., exhibits Antiquities, &c...... m Toone, Mr. J., exhibits Photographs, &c...... 159 Traylen, Mr. J. C., Account of the Society's visit to Stamford and Burghley 272 Trinity Hospital, Leicester .. .. 10,11,13,14,15.114 Memorial on ...... yi ,, Restoration of the Chapel of ...... 237,244 Ulverscroft Priory visited...... II9 Wanlip Church restored ...... 2Ig Wartnaby, Mr. J. W., exhibits Antiquities, &c...... 165,183 Whitwick Church restored ...... g Wickliffe and his Times ...... I24 Wigston Magna Church restored ...... 236 Wigston Parva Chapel restored ...... I ^l Wills, sec Leicestershire. INDEX. 297

PAGE Winckley, Rev. S. T., appointed Hon. Editorial Secretary .. .. 109 ,, ,, exhibits Antiquities, &c...... 183 ,. ,, Biographical Notice of ...... 206 Wood, Rev. C. H,, Resigns ...... 115 „ ,? Death of ...... 241 Woodhouse, Tower rebuilt ...... 219 Worksop Priory described ...... 183 Young, Mr. J., exhibits Antiquities, &c. .. .. 158,178,183

END OF VOLUME IX. Clarke and Satchell, Printers, 5, Gallowtree Gate, Leicester.