Astronomy 242: Foundations of Astrophysics II

18. Mapping the Universe The Local Group: Over 30 Galaxies

two large spirals with satellites

one smaller spiral

many dwarf elliptical and irregular galaxies

Local Group The M81 Group

M81 and M82 deep field The M81 Group in HI

Tidal dwarfs in the M81 group The M81 Group

M81 and M82 deep field The Virgo Cluster:: Over 1000 Galaxies!

Distance: ~16 Mpc three massive elliptical galaxies many MW-sized galaxies

The Virgo Cluster Abell 1689

Distance: ~754 Mpc

Abell 1689: A Galaxy Cluster Makes Its Mark Abell 1689 in X-rays

7 keV Fe line (redshifted)

X-ray Spectrum

Abell 1689: A Galaxy Cluster Makes Its Mark Abell 1689

Central Galaxy

Abell 1689: A Galaxy Cluster Makes Its Mark Abell 1689

Lensed galaxy in background

Abell 1689: A Galaxy Cluster Makes Its Mark The Super-Galactic Plane

Cosmography of the Local Universe Local Cosmography Pavo-Indus Super-Galactic Plane Perseus-Pisces

Virgo Cluster 0 4000 8000

vr (km/s)

Fornax Cluster

Cosmography of the Local Universe The 2MASS Redshift Survey RESEARCH LETTER

Extended Data Figure 3 | One of three orthogonal views that illustrate SGY 5 0 showing the region obscured by the plane of the Milky Way. As in the limits of the Laniakea supercluster. This SGX–SGY view at SGZ 5 0 Fig 2 in the main text, the orange contour encloses the inflowing streams, extends the scene shown in Fig. 2 with the addition of dark blue flow lines away hence, defines the limits of the LaniakeaThe Laniakea Supercluster supercluster of Galaxies containing the mass of from the Laniakea local basin of attraction, and also includes a dark swath at 1017 Suns and 100,000 large galaxies.

©2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved 2dF Redshift Survey (flux-limited) 6.0

v r (10 4.5 4 km/s)

3.0

1.5

150

300 Mpc/h We Are Here 450

The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey The “Cosmic Web”