Onoclea Sensibilis – Sensitive Fern

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Friends of the Arboretum Native Plant Sale Onoclea sensibilis – Sensitive Fern COMMON NAME: Sensitive Fern SCIENTIFIC NAME: Onoclea sensibilis The genus Onoclea has only one member in the eastern United States. The name comes of the Greek onos meaning vessel and kleiein meaning to close referring to the sori enclosed in the rolled margins. Fossils of this fern have been found dating back 60 million years. REPRODUCTION: The fertile frond develops in mid to late summer and remains throughout the winter. Division should be in the early spring, but be careful of the roots as they are not very strong. SIZE: Medium sized, 2 to 3 feet tall. BEHAVIOR: With ample moisture this is a weedy fern. The roots are pencil-thick and branch or creep on or near the surface of the soil. The name “sensitive” comes from its intolerance to drought and direct sunlight. The fronds also quickly die back after the first frost. The soil surface around these ferns can be lumpy and irregular. SITE REQUIREMENTS: Found in many locations, but thrives in mucky, wet soil. It is most often found in very wet habitats and the wet woods along streams and rivers. Full shading is important. SPECIAL FEATURES: The bright green fronds are distinctive with leathery leaflets and netted veins. The central stalk (rachis) is “winged” and the margins of the leaflets roll downward. NATURAL RANGE: Found throughout Wisconsin, Eastern Canada to Manitoba, south to Florida and east Texas. SUGGESTED CARE: Easy to grow providing it has ample water. More water encourages spreading and less water discourages the spreading. Tolerates some sunlight. COMPANION PLANTS: In marshes it is found with bluejoint grass, tussock sedge, water hemlock, marsh shield fern, wild iris and water parsnip. In fens it is with marsh marigold, spotted Joe-pye weed, boneset, Turk’s cap lily, cowbane, mountain mint swam goldenrod Riddell’s goldenrod and skunk cabbage. In boggy woodland with Canada Mayflower, cinnamon fern, royal fern and smooth white violet. In moist parts of rich woods with wild geranium, black cherry, choke cherry, red oak, common elderberry and Solomon’s plume. .

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American Fern Journal
AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY Broad-Scale Integrity and Local Divergence in the Fiddlehead Fern Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro (Onocleaceae) DANIEL M. KOENEMANN Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, CA 91711-3157, e-mail: [email protected] JACQUELINE A. MAISONPIERRE University of Vermont, Department of Plant Biology, Jeffords Hall, 63 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, e-mail: [email protected] DAVID S. BARRINGTON University of Vermont, Department of Plant Biology, Jeffords Hall, 63 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, e-mail: [email protected] American Fern Journal 101(4):213–230 (2011) Broad-Scale Integrity and Local Divergence in the Fiddlehead Fern Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro (Onocleaceae) DANIEL M. KOENEMANN Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, CA 91711-3157, e-mail: [email protected] JACQUELINE A. MAISONPIERRE University of Vermont, Department of Plant Biology, Jeffords Hall, 63 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, e-mail: [email protected] DAVID S. BARRINGTON University of Vermont, Department of Plant Biology, Jeffords Hall, 63 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT.—Matteuccia struthiopteris (Onocleaceae) has a present-day distribution across much of the north-temperate and boreal regions of the world. Much of its current North American and European distribution was covered in ice or uninhabitable tundra during the Pleistocene. Here we use DNA sequences and AFLP data to investigate the genetic variation of the fiddlehead fern at two geographic scales to infer the historical biogeography of the species. Matteuccia struthiopteris segregates globally into minimally divergent (0.3%) Eurasian and American lineages.
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Palaeogeograph Y, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 17(1975): 157--172 © Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam -- Printed in the Netherlands
Palaeogeograph y, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 17(1975): 157--172 © Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam -- Printed in The Netherlands CLIMATIC CHANGES IN EASTERN ASIA AS INDICATED BY FOSSIL FLORAS. II. LATE CRETACEOUS AND DANIAN V. A. KRASSILOV Institute of Biology and Pedology, Far-Eastern Scientific Centre, U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok (U.S.S.R.) (Received June 17, 1974; accepted for publication November 11, 1974) ABSTRACT Krassilov, V. A., 1975. Climatic changes in Eastern Asia as indicated by fossil floras. II. Late Cretaceous and Danian. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 17:157--172. Four Late Cretaceous phytoclimatic zones -- subtropical, warm--temperate, temperate and boreal -- are recognized in the Northern Hemisphere. Warm--temperate vegetation terminates at North Sakhalin and Vancouver Island. Floras of various phytoclimatic zones display parallel evolution in response to climatic changes, i.e., a temperature rise up to the Campanian interrupted by minor Coniacian cooling, and subsequent deterioration of cli- mate culminating in the Late Danian. Cooling episodes were accompanied by expansions of dicotyledons with platanoid leaves, whereas the entire-margined leaf proportion increased during climatic optima. The floristic succession was also influenced by tectonic events, such as orogenic and volcanic activity which commenced in Late Cenomanian--Turonian times. Major replacements of ecological dominants occurred at the Maastrichtian/Danian and Early/Late Danian boundaries. INTRODUCTION The principal approaches to the climatic interpretation of fossil floras have been outlined in my preceding paper (Krassilov, 1973a). So far as Late Creta- ceous floras are concerned, extrapolation (i.e. inferences from tolerance ranges of allied modern taxa) is gaining in importance and the entire/non-entire leaf type ratio is no less expressive than it is in Tertiary floras.
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(Polypodiales) Plastomes Reveals Two Hypervariable Regions Maria D
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Flora of New Zealand Ferns and Lycophytes Onocleaceae Pj Brownsey
FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND FERNS AND LYCOPHYTES ONOCLEACEAE P.J. BROWNSEY & L.R. PERRIE Fascicle 28 – DECEMBER 2020 © Landcare Research New Zealand Limited 2020. Unless indicated otherwise for specific items, this copyright work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence Attribution if redistributing to the public without adaptation: "Source: Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research" Attribution if making an adaptation or derivative work: "Sourced from Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research" See Image Information for copyright and licence details for images. CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION Brownsey, P. J. (Patrick John), 1948– Flora of New Zealand : ferns and lycophytes. Fascicle 28, Onocleaceae / P.J. Brownsey and L.R. Perrie. -- Lincoln, N.Z.: Manaaki Whenua Press, 2020. 1 online resource ISBN 978-0-947525-68-2 (pdf) ISBN 978-0-478-34761-6 (set) 1.Ferns -- New Zealand – Identification. I. Perrie, L. R. (Leon Richard). II. Title. III. Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. UDC 582.394.742(931) DC 587.30993 DOI: 10.7931/rjn3-hp32 This work should be cited as: Brownsey, P.J. & Perrie, L.R. 2020: Onocleaceae. In: Breitwieser, I. (ed.) Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes. Fascicle 28. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln. http://dx.doi.org/10.7931/rjn3-hp32 Date submitted: 18 Jun 2020; Date accepted: 21 Jul 2020; Date published: 2 January 2021 Cover image: Onoclea sensibilis. Herbarium specimen of cultivated plant from near Swanson, Auckland. CHR 229544. Contents Introduction..............................................................................................................................................1
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A Molecular Phylogeny with Morphological Implications and Infrageneric Taxonomy
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The Ferns and Their Relatives (Lycophytes)
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A Revised Family-Level Classification for Eupolypod II Ferns (Polypodiidae: Polypodiales)
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Fern Gazette
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The Eastern Asian–Eastern North American Floristic Disjunction
Land Bridge Travelers of the Tertiary: The Eastern Asian–Eastern North American Floristic Disjunction David Yih he eastern Asian–eastern North Ameri- remains the classic disjunction. It continues to can floristic disjunction is a curious phe- stimulate new scientific papers, with each suc- Tnomenon that has fascinated botanists cessive generation applying new research tools for over 200 years: the existence of an entire to its mysteries. catalog of species and genera shared by two Recognition of the disjunction began in vastly separated regions and found nowhere the 1750s with botanists making lists of spe- else. It has inspired generations of researchers cies found in both regions. By the mid-1800s and given impetus to such fields as biogeogra- botanists had collected enough materials to phy and paleobotany. Scientists now recognize lead them to the astounding conclusion that many different disjunct patterns around the the flora of eastern North America (ENA) had world, but the eastern Asian–eastern North more in common with eastern Asia (EA) than American was the first to be discovered, and it did with western North America. Most of I C REDI L T E D ETER P ENA meets EA: A garden path separates the eastern North American species Allegheny spurge (Pachysandra procum- bens, left) from the eastern Asian species Japanese spurge (Pachysandra terminalis). The Eastern Asian–Eastern North American Floristic Disjunction 15 what were once thought to be identical spe- Sequoia (redwood) and Taxodium (baldcypress), cies are now considered congeners (distinct genera now confined to North America, have species belonging to the same genus), so the been found in eastern Asia.
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The Marattiales and Vegetative Features of the Polypodiids We Now
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VI. Ferns I: the Marattiales and the Polypodiales, Vegetative Features We Now Take up the Ferns, Two Orders That Together Inclu
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Tracheophyte of Xiao Hinggan Ling in China: an Updated Checklist
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